discord, &c. 414; stridor; roughness, sharpness, &c. adj.; cacophony;
cacoepy[obs3]. acute note, high note; soprano, treble, tenor, alto,
falsetto, penny trumpet, voce di testa[It]. V. creak, grate, jar, burr,
pipe, twang, jangle, clank, clink; scream &c. (cry) 411; yelp &c.
(animal sound) 412; buzz &c. (hiss) 409. set the teeth on edge, corcher
les oreilles[Fr]; pierce the ears, split the ears, split the head;
offend the ear, grate upon the ear, jar upon the ear. Adj. creaking &c.
v.; stridulous[obs3], harsh, coarse, hoarse, horrisonous|, rough,
gruff, grum[obs3], sepulchral, hollow. sharp, high, acute, shrill;
trumpet-toned; piercing, ear-piercing, high-pitched, high-toned;
cracked; discordant &c. 414; cacophonous.
#411. Cry.—N. cry &c. v.; voice &c. (human) 580; hubbub; bark &c.
(animal) 412. vociferation, outcry, hullabaloo, chorus, clamor, hue and
cry, plaint; lungs; stentor. V. cry, roar, shout, bawl, brawl, halloo,
halloa, hoop, whoop, yell, bellow, howl, scream, screech, screak[obs3],
shriek, shrill, squeak, squeal, squall, whine, pule, pipe, yaup[obs3].
cheer; hoot; grumble, moan, groan. snore, snort; grunt &c. (animal
sounds) 412. vociferate; raise up the voice, lift up the voice; call
out, sing out, cry out; exclaim; rend the air; thunder at the top of
one's voice, shout at the top of one's voice, shout at the pitch of
one's breath, thunder at the pitch of one's breath; s'gosiller; strain
the throat, strain the voice, strain the lungs; give a cry &c. Adj.
crying &c. v.; clamant[obs3], clamorous; vociferous; stentorian &c.
(loud) 404; open-mouthed.
#412. [Animal sounds.] Ululation.—N. cry &c. v.; crying &c. v.;
bowwow, ululation, latration[obs3], belling; reboation[obs3];
wood-note; insect cry, fritiniancy|, drone; screech owl; cuckoo.
wailing (lamentation) 839. V. cry, roar, bellow, blare, rebellow[obs3];
growl, snarl. [specific animal sounds] bark [dog, seal]; bow-wow, yelp
[dog]; bay, bay at the moon [dog, wolf]; yap, yip, yipe, growl, yarr|,
yawl, snarl, howl [dog, wolf]; grunt, gruntle[obs3]; snort [pig, hog,
swine, horse]; squeak [swine, mouse]; neigh, whinny [horse]; bray
[donkey, mule, hinny, ass]; mew, mewl [kitten]; meow [cat]; purr [cat];
caterwaul, pule [cats]; baa[obs3], bleat [lamb]; low, moo [cow,
cattle]; troat[obs3], croak, peep [frog]; coo [dove, pigeon]; gobble
[turkeys]; quack [duck]; honk, gaggle, guggle [obs3][goose]; crow, caw,
squawk, screech, [crow]; cackle, cluck, clack [hen, rooster, poultry];
chuck, chuckle; hoot, hoo [owl]; chirp, cheep, chirrup, twitter,
cuckoo, warble, trill, tweet, pipe, whistle [small birds]; hum
[insects, hummingbird]; buzz [flying insects, bugs]; hiss [snakes,
geese]; blatter[obs3]; ratatat [woodpecker]. Adj. crying &c. v.;
blatant, latrant[obs3], remugient[obs3], mugient[obs3]; deep-mouthed,
full-mouthed; rebellowing[obs3], reboant[obs3]. Adv. in full cry.
(iii) MUSICAL SOUNDS
#413. Melody. Concord.—N. melody, rhythm, measure; rhyme
&c.(poetry) 597. pitch, timbre, intonation, tone. scale, gamut;
diapason; diatonic chromatic scale[obs3], enharmonic scale[obs3]; key,
clef, chords. modulation, temperament, syncope, syncopation,
preparation, suspension, resolution. staff, stave, line, space, brace;
bar, rest; appoggiato[obs3], appoggiatura[obs3]; acciaccatura[obs3].
note, musical note, notes of a scale; sharp, flat, natural; high note
&c.(shrillness) 410; low note &c. 408; interval; semitone; second,
third, fourth &c.; diatessaron[obs3]. breve, semibreve[Mus], minim,
crotchet, quaver; semiquaver, demisemiquaver, hemidemisemiquaver;
sustained note, drone, burden. tonic; key note, leading note,
fundamental note; supertonic[obs3], mediant[obs3], dominant;
submediant[obs3], subdominant[obs3]; octave, tetrachord[obs3]; major
key, minor key, major scale, minor scale, major mode, minor mode;
passage, phrase. concord, harmony; emmeleia[obs3]; unison,
unisonance[obs3]; chime, homophony; euphony, euphonism[obs3]; tonality;
consonance; consent; part. [Science of harmony] harmony, harmonics;
thorough-bass, fundamental- bass; counterpoint; faburden[obs3]. piece
of music &c. 415[Fr]; composer, harmonist[obs3], contrapuntist
(musician) 416. V. be harmonious &c. adj.; harmonize, chime,
symphonize[obs3], transpose; put in tune, tune, accord, string. Adj.
harmonious, harmonical[obs3]; in concord &c. n., in tune, in concert;
unisonant[obs3], concentual[obs3], symphonizing[obs3], isotonic,
homophonous[obs3], assonant; ariose[obs3], consonant. measured,
rhythmical, diatonic[obs3], chromatic, enharmonic[obs3]. melodious,
musical; melic[obs3]; tuneful, tunable; sweet, dulcet, canorous[obs3];
mellow, mellifluous; soft, clear, clear as a bell; silvery; euphonious,
euphonic, euphonical[obs3]; symphonious; enchanting &c.
(pleasure-giving) 829; fine-toned, full-toned, silver-toned. Adv.
harmoniously, in harmony; as one &c. adj. Phr. "the hidden soul of
harmony" [Milton].
#414. Discord.—N. discord, discordance; dissonance, cacophony,
want of harmony, caterwauling; harshness &c. 410. Babel[Confused
sounds]; Dutch concert, cat's concert; marrowbones and cleavers. V. be
discordant &c. adj.; jar &c. (sound harshly) 410. Adj. discordant;
dissonant, absonant[obs3]; out of tune, tuneless; unmusical,
untunable[obs3]; unmelodious, immelodious[obs3]; unharmonious[obs3],
inharmonious; singsong; cacophonous; harsh &c. 410; jarring.
#415. Music.—N. music; concert; strain, tune, air; melody &c. 413;
aria, arietta[obs3]; piece of music[Fr], work, number, opus; sonata;
rondo, rondeau[Fr]; pastorale, cavatina[obs3], roulade[obs3], fantasia,
concerto, overture, symphony, variations, cadenza; cadence; fugue,
canon, quodlibet, serenade, notturno [Italian], dithyramb; opera,
operetta; oratorio; composition, movement; stave; passamezzo
[obs3][Italian], toccata, Vorspiel [German]. instrumental music; full
score; minstrelsy, tweedledum and tweedledee, band, orchestra;
concerted piece[Fr], potpourri, capriccio. vocal music, vocalism[obs3];
chaunt, chant; psalm, psalmody; hymn; song &c. (poem) 597; canticle,
canzonet[obs3], cantata, bravura, lay, ballad, ditty, carol, pastoral,
recitative, recitativo[obs3], solfeggio[obs3]. Lydian measures; slow
music, slow movement; adagio &c. adv.; minuet; siren strains, soft
music, lullaby; dump; dirge &c. (lament) 839; pibroch[obs3]; martial
music, march; dance music; waltz &c. (dance) 840. solo, duet, duo,
trio; quartet, quartett[obs3]; septett[obs3]; part song, descant, glee,
madrigal, catch, round, chorus, chorale; antiphon[obs3], antiphony;
accompaniment, second, bass; score; bourdon[obs3], drone,
morceau[obs3], terzetto[obs3]. composer &c. 413; musician &c. 416. V.
compose, perform &c. 416; attune. Adj. musical; instrumental, vocal,
choral, lyric, operatic; harmonious &c. 413; Wagnerian. Adv. adagio;
largo, larghetto, andante, andantino[obs3]; alla capella[It][obs3];
maestoso[obs3], moderato; allegro, allegretto; spiritoso[obs3],
vivace[obs3], veloce[obs3]; presto, prestissimo[obs3]; con brio;
capriccioso[obs3]; scherzo, scherzando[obs3]; legato, staccato,
crescendo, diminuendo, rallentando[obs3], affettuoso[obs3]; obbligato;
pizzicato; desto[obs3]. Phr. "in notes by distance made more sweet"
[Collins]; "like the faint exquisite music of a dream" [Moore]; "music
arose with its voluptuous swell" [Byron]; "music is the universal
language of mankind" [Longfellow]; "music's golden tongue" [Keats];
"the speech of angels" [Carlyle]; "will sing the savageness out of a
bear" [Othello]; music hath charms to soothe the savage beast.
#416. Musician. [Performance of Music.]—N. musician, artiste,
#
performer, player, minstrel; bard &c. (poet) 597;
[specific types of musicians] accompanist, accordionist,
instrumentalist, organist, pianist, violinist, flautist; harper,
fiddler,
fifer[obs3], trumpeter, piper, drummer; catgut scraper.
band, orchestral waits.
vocalist, melodist; singer, warbler; songster, chaunter[obs3],
chauntress[obs3], songstress; cantatrice[obs3].
choir, quire, chorister; chorus, chorus singer; liedertafel[Ger].
nightingale, philomel[obs3], thrush; siren; bulbul, mavis;
Pierides;
sacred nine; Orpheus, Apollo[obs3], the Muses Erato, Euterpe,
Terpsichore;
tuneful nine, tuneful quire.
composer &c. 413.
performance, execution, touch, expression, solmization[obs3].
V. play, pipe, strike up, sweep the chords, tweedle, fiddle;
strike
the lyre, beat the drum; blow the horn, sound the horn, wind the horn;
doodle; grind the organ; touch the guitar &c. (instruments) 417; thrum,
strum, beat time.
execute, perform; accompany; sing a second, play a second;
compose,
set to music, arrange.
sing, chaunt, chant, hum, warble, carol, chirp, chirrup, lilt,
purl,
quaver, trill, shake, twitter, whistle; sol-fa[obs3]; intone.
have an ear for music, have a musical ear, have a correct ear.
Adj. playing &c. v.; musical.
Adv. adagio, andante &c. (music) 415.
#417. Musical Instruments.—N. musical instruments; band; string-
band, brass-band; orchestra; orchestrina[obs3].
monochord[obs3][Stringed instruments], polychord[obs3]; harp, lyre,
lute, archlute[obs3]; mandola[obs3], mandolin, mandoline[obs3]; guitar;
zither; cither[obs3], cithern[obs3]; gittern[obs3], rebeck[obs3],
bandurria[obs3], bandura, banjo; bina[obs3], vina[obs3];
xanorphica[obs3]. viol, violin; fiddle, kit; viola, viola d'amore[Fr],
viola di gamba[It]; tenor, cremona, violoncello, bass; bass viol, base
viol; theorbo[obs3], double base, contrabasso[obs3], violone[obs3],
*psaltery; bow, fiddlestick[obs3]. piano, pianoforte; harpsichord,
clavichord, clarichord[obs3], manichord[obs3]; clavier, spinet,
virginals, dulcimer, hurdy-gurdy, vielle[obs3], pianino[obs3], Eolian
harp. organ[Wind instruments]; harmonium, harmoniphon[obs3]; American
organ[obs3], barrel organ, hand organ; accordion, seraphina[obs3],
concertina; humming top. flute, fife, piccolo, flageolet; clarinet,
claronet[obs3]; basset horn, corno di bassetto[obs3], oboe, hautboy,
cor Anglais[Fr], corno Inglese[obs3], bassoon, double bassoon,
contrafagotto[obs3], serpent, bass clarinet; bagpipes, union pipes;
musette, ocarina, Pandean pipes; reed instrument; sirene[obs3], pipe,
pitch-pipe; sourdet[obs3]; whistle, catcall; doodlesack[obs3],
harmoniphone[obs3]. horn, bugle, cornet, cornet-a-pistons, cornopean|,
clarion, trumpet, trombone, ophicleide[obs3]; French horn, saxophone,
sax [informal], buglehorn[obs3], saxhorn, flugelhorn[obs3],
althorn[obs3], helicanhorn[obs3], posthorn[obs3]; sackbut, euphonium,
bombardon tuba[obs3]. [Vibrating surfaces] cymbal, bell, gong;
tambour|!, tambourine, tamborine[obs3]; drum, tom-tom; tabor,
tabret[obs3], tabourine[obs3], taborin[obs3]; side drum, kettle drum;
timpani, tympani[obs3]; tymbal[obs3], timbrel[obs3], castanet, bones;
musical glasses, musical stones; harmonica, sounding-board, rattle;
tam-tam, zambomba[obs3]. [Vibrating bars] reed, tuning fork, triangle,
Jew's harp, musical box, harmonicon[obs3], xylophone. sordine[obs3],
sordet[obs3]; sourdine[obs3], sourdet[obs3]; mute.
(iv) PERCEPTION OF SOUND
#418. [Sense of sound.] Hearing.—N. hearing &c. v.; audition,
#
auscultation; eavesdropping; audibility.
acute ear, nice ear, delicate ear, quick ear, sharp ear, correct
ear,
musical ear; ear for music.
ear, auricle, lug, acoustic organs, auditory apparatus; eardrum,
tympanum, tympanic membrane.
[devices to aid human hearing by amplifying sound] ear trumpet,
speaking trumpet, hearing aid, stethoscope.
[distance within which direct hearing is possible] earshot,
hearing
distance, hearing, hearing range, sound, carrying distance.
[devices for talking beyond hearing distance] telephone[exlist],
phone, telephone booth, intercom, house phone, radiotelephone,
radiophone,
wireless, wireless telephone, mobile telephone, car radio, police
radio,
two-way radio, walkie-talkie[military], handie-talkie, citizen's band,
CB,
amateur radio, ham radio, short-wave radio, police band, ship-to-shore
radio, airplane radio, control tower communication; (communication)
525,
527, 529, 531, 532; electronic devices.
[devices for recording and reproducing recorded sound] phonograph,
gramophone, megaphone, phonorganon[obs3].
[device to convert sound to electrical signals]
microphone,directional
microphone, mike, hand mike, lapel microphone.
[devices to convert recorded sound to electronic signals]
phonograph
needle, stylus, diamond stylus, pickup; reading head (electronic
devices).
hearer, auditor, listener, eavesdropper, listener-in.
auditory, audience.
[science of hearing] otology, otorhinolaryngology.
[physicians specializing in hearing] otologist,
otorhinolaryngologist.
V. hear, overhear; hark, harken; list, listen, pay attention, take
heed; give an ear, lend an ear, bend an ear; catch, catch a sound,
prick up
one's ears; give ear, give a hearing, give audience to.
hang upon the lips of, be all ears, listen with both ears.
become audible; meet the ear, fall upon the ear, catch the ear,
reach the ear; be heard; ring in the ear &c. (resound) 4O8.
Adj. hearing &c. v.; auditory, auricular, acoustic; phonic.
Adv. arrectis auribus[Lat].
Int. hark, hark ye! hear! list, listen! O yes! Oyez!
listen up [coll.]; listen here! hear ye! attention! achtung
[German].
#419. Deafness.—N. deafness, hardness of hearing, surdity|;
#
inaudibility, inaudibleness[obs3].
V. be deaf &c. adj.; have no ear; shut one's ears, stop one's
ears,
close one's ears; turn a deaf ear to.
render deaf, stun, deafen.
Adj. deaf, earless[obs3], surd; hard of hearing, dull of hearing;
deaf-mute, stunned, deafened; stone deaf; deaf as a post, deaf as an
adder, deaf as a beetle, deaf as a trunkmaker[obs3].
inaudible, out of hearing.
Phr. hear no evil.
_(6) Light_
(i) LIGHT IN GENERAL
#420. Light.—N. light, ray, beam, stream, gleam, streak, pencil;
sunbeam, moonbeam; aurora. day; sunshine; light of day, light of
heaven; moonlight, starlight, sun &c. (luminary) 432 light; daylight,
broad daylight, noontide light; noontide, noonday, noonday sun. glow
&c. v.; glimmering &c. v.; glint; play of light, flood of light;
phosphorescence, lambent flame. flush, halo, glory, nimbus, aureola.
spark, scintilla; facula; sparkling &c. v.; emication|, scintillation,
flash, blaze, coruscation, fulguration[obs3]; flame &c. (fire) 382;
lightning, levin[obs3], ignis fatuus[Lat], &c. (luminary) 423. luster,
sheen, shimmer, reflexion[Brit], reflection; gloss, tinsel, spangle,
brightness, brilliancy, splendor; effulgence, refulgence; fulgor[obs3],
fulgidity[obs3]; dazzlement[obs3], resplendence, transplendency[obs3];
luminousness &c. adj.; luminosity; lucidity; renitency|, nitency[obs3];
radiance,, radiation; irradiation, illumination. actinic rays,
actinism; Roentgen-ray, Xray; photography, heliography; photometer &c.
445. [Science of light] optics; photology[obs3], photometry;
dioptrics[obs3], catoptrics[obs3]. [Distribution of light] chiaroscuro,
clairobscur[obs3], clear obscure, breadth, light and shade, black and
white, tonality. reflection, refraction, dispersion; refractivity. V.
shine, glow, glitter; glister, glisten; twinkle, gleam; flare, flare
up; glare, beam, shimmer, glimmer, flicker, sparkle, scintillate,
coruscate, flash, blaze; be bright &c. adj.; reflect light, daze,
dazzle, bedazzle, radiate, shoot out beams; fulgurate. clear up,
brighten. lighten, enlighten; levin[obs3]; light, light up; irradiate,
shine upon; give out a light, hang out a light; cast light upon, cast
light in, throw light upon, throw light in, shed light upon, shed
luster upon; illume[obs3], illumine, illuminate; relume[obs3], strike
a light; kindle &c. (set fire to) 384. Adj. shining &c. v.; luminous,
luminiferous[obs3]; lucid, lucent, luculent[obs3], lucific[obs3],
luciferous; light, lightsome; bright, vivid, splendent[obs3],
nitid[obs3], lustrous, shiny, beamy[obs3], scintillant[obs3], radiant,
lambent; sheen, sheeny; glossy, burnished, glassy, sunny, orient,
meridian; noonday, tide; cloudless, clear; unclouded, unobscured[obs3].
gairish[obs3], garish; resplendent, transplendent[obs3]; refulgent,
effulgent; fulgid[obs3], fulgent[obs3]; relucent[obs3], splendid,
blazing, in a blaze, ablaze, rutilant[obs3], meteoric, phosphorescent;
aglow. bright as silver; light as day, bright as day, light as
noonday, bright as noonday, bright as the sun at noonday.
actinic; photogenic[obs2], graphic; heliographic; heliophagous[obs3].
Phr. "a day for gods to stoop and men to soar" [Tennyson]; "dark with
excessive bright" [Milton].
#421. Darkness.—N. darkness &c. adj., absence of light; blackness
&c. (dark color) 431; obscurity, gloom, murk; dusk &c. (dimness) 422.
Cimmerian darkness[obs3], Stygian darkness, Egyptian darkness; night;
midnight; dead of night, witching hour of night, witching time of
night; blind man's holiday; darkness visible, darkness that can be
felt; palpable obscure; Erebus[Lat]; "the jaws of darkness" [Midsummer
Night's Dream]; "sablevested night" [Milton]. shade, shadow, umbra,
penumbra; sciagraphy[obs3]. obscuration; occultation, adumbration,
obumbration[obs3]; obtenebration[obs3], offuscation|, caligation|;
extinction; eclipse, total eclipse; gathering of the clouds. shading;
distribution of shade; chiaroscuro &c. (light) 420.
noctivagation[obs3]. [perfectly black objects] black body;
hohlraum[Phys]; black hole; dark star; dark matter, cold dark matter.
V. be dark &c. adj. darken, obscure, shade; dim; tone down, lower;
overcast, overshadow; eclipse; obfuscate, offuscate|; obumbrate[obs3],
adumbrate; cast into the shade becloud, bedim[obs3], bedarken[obs3];
cast a shade, throw a shade, spread a shade, cast a shadow, cast a
gloom, throw a shadow, spread a shadow, cast gloom, throw gloom, spread
gloom. extinguish; put out, blow out, snuff out; doubt. turn out the
lights, douse the lights, dim the lights, turn off the lights, switch
off the lights. Adj. dark, darksome[obs3], darkling; obscure,
tenebrious[obs3], sombrous[obs3], pitch dark, pitchy, pitch black;
caliginous[obs3]; black &c. (in color) 431. sunless, lightless &c. (see
sun[obs3], light, &c. 423); somber, dusky; unilluminated &c. (see
illuminate &c. 420)[obs3]; nocturnal; dingy, lurid, gloomy; murky,
murksome[obs3]; shady, umbrageous; overcast &c. (dim) 422; cloudy &c.
(opaque) 426; darkened; &c. v. dark as pitch, dark as a pit, dark as
Erebus[Lat]. benighted; noctivagant!|, noctivagous!|. Adv. in the dark,
in the shade. Phr. "brief as the lightning in the collied night" [M. N.
D.]; "eldest Night and Chaos, ancestors of Nature" [P. L.]; "the
blackness of the noonday night" [Longfellow]; "the prayer of Ajax was
for light" [Longfellow].
#422. Dimness.—N. dimness &c. adj.; darkness &c. 421; paleness &c.
#
(light color) 429.
half light, demi-jour; partial shadow, partial eclipse; shadow of
a
shade; glimmer, gliming[obs3]; nebulosity; cloud &c. 353; eclipse.
aurora, dusk, twilight, shades of evening, crepuscule, cockshut
time|;
break of day, daybreak, dawn.
moonlight, moonbeam, moonglade[obs3], moonshine; starlight, owl's
light, candlelight, rushlight, firelight; farthing candle.
V. be dim, grow dim &c. adj.; flicker, twinkle, glimmer; loom,
lower;
fade; pale, pale its ineffectual fire [Hamlet].
render dim &c. adj.; dim, bedim[obs3], obscure; darken, tone down.
Adj. dim, dull, lackluster, dingy, darkish, shorn of its beams,
dark
421.
faint, shadowed forth; glassy; cloudy; misty &c. (opaque) 426;
blear;
muggy|, fuliginous[obs3]; nebulous, nebular; obnubilated[obs3],
overcast,
crepuscular, muddy, lurid, leaden, dun, dirty; looming &c. v.
pale &c. (colorless) 429; confused &c. (invisible) 447.
#423. [Source of light, self-luminous body.] Luminary.—N. luminary;
light &c. 420; flame &c. (fire) 382. spark, scintilla; phosphorescence,
fluorescence. sun, orb of day, Phoebus, Apollo[obs3], Aurora; star,
orb; meteor, falling star, shooting star; blazing star, dog star,
Sirius; canicula, Aldebaran[obs3]; constellation, galaxy; zodiacal
light; anthelion[obs3]; day star, morning star; Lucifer; mock sun,
parhelion; phosphor, phosphorus; sun dog|!; Venus. aurora, polar
lights; northern lights, aurora borealis; southern lights, aurora
australis. lightning; chain lightning, fork lightning, sheet lightning,
summer lightning; ball lightning, kugelblitz [German]; [chemical
substances giving off light without burning] phosphorus, yellow
phosphorus; scintillator, phosphor; firefly luminescence. ignis
fatuus[Lat]; Jack o'lantern, Friar's lantern; will-o'-the-wisp,
firedrake[obs3], Fata Morgana[Lat]; Saint Elmo's fire. [luminous
insects] glowworm, firefly, June bug, lightning bug. [luminous fish]
anglerfish. [Artificial light] gas; gas light, lime light, lantern,
lanthorn[obs3]; dark lantern, bull's-eye; candle, bougie[Fr], taper,
rushlight; oil &c. (grease) 356; wick, burner; Argand[obs3], moderator,
duplex; torch, flambeau, link, brand; gaselier[obs3], chandelier,
electrolier[obs3], candelabrum, candelabra, girandole[obs3], sconce,
luster, candlestick. [non-combustion based light sources] lamp, light;
incandescent lamp, tungsten bulb, light bulb; flashlight, torch[Brit];
arc light; laser; maser [microwave radiation]; neon bulb, neon sign;
fluorescent lamp. [parts of a light bulb] filament; socket; contacts;
filler gas. firework, fizgig[obs3]; pyrotechnics; rocket, lighthouse
&c. (signal) 550. V. illuminate &c. (light) 420. Adj. self-luminous,
glowing; phosphoric|!, phosphorescent, fluorescent; incandescent;
luminescent, chemiluminescent; radiant &c. (light) 420. Phr. "blossomed
the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels" [Longfellow]; "the
sentinel stars set their watch in the sky" [Campbell]; "the planets in
their station list'ning stood" [Paradise Lost]; "the Scriptures of the
skies" [Bailey]; "that orbed continent, the fire that severs day from
night" [Twelfth Night].
#424. Shade.—N. shade; awning &c. (cover) 223; parasol, sunshade,
#
umbrella; chick; portiere; screen, curtain, shutter, blind, gauze,
veil,
chador, mantle, mask; cloud, mist, gathering. of clouds.
umbrage, glade; shadow &c. 421.
beach umbrella, folding umbrella.
V. draw a curtain; put up a shutter, close a shutter; veil &c. v.;
cast a shadow &c. (darken) 421.
Adj. shady, umbrageous.
Phr. "welcome ye shades! ye bowery thickets hail" [Thomson].
#425. Transparency.—N. transparence, transparency; clarity;
translucence, translucency; diaphaneity[obs3]; lucidity,
pellucidity[obs3], limpidity; fluorescence; transillumination,
translumination[obs3]. transparent medium, glass, crystal, lymph,
vitrite[obs3], water. V. be transparent &c. adj.; transmit light. Adj.
transparent, pellucid, lucid, diaphanous, translucent, tralucent|,
relucent[obs3]; limpid, clear, serene, crystalline, clear as crystal,
vitreous, transpicuous[obs3], glassy, hyaline; hyaloid[Med],
vitreform[obs3].
#426. Opacity.—N. opacity; opaqueness &c. adj.
#
film; cloud &c. 353.
V. be opaque &c. adj.; obstruct the passage of light; obfuscate,
offuscate|.
Adj. opaque, impervious to light; adiaphanous[obs3]; dim &c. 422;
turbid, thick, muddy, opacous|, obfuscated, fuliginous[obs3], cloud,
hazy,
misty, foggy, vaporous, nubiferous[obs3], muggy|| (turbidity) 426a.
smoky, fumid[obs3], murky, dirty.
#426a. Turbidity—N. turbidity, cloudiness, fog, haze, muddiness,
#
haziness, obscurity.
nephelometer[instrument to measure turbidity].
Adj. turbid, thick, muddy, obfuscated, fuliginous[obs3], hazy,
misty,
foggy, vaporous, nubiferous[obs3]; cloudy (cloud) 353.
smoky, fumid[obs3], murky, dirty.
#427. Semitransparency.—N. semitransparency, translucency,
#
semiopacity; opalescence, milkiness, pearliness[obs3]; gauze, muslin;
film;
mica, mother-of-pearl, nacre; mist &c. (cloud) 353.
[opalescent jewel] opal.
turbidity &c. 426a.
Adj. semitransparent, translucent, semipellucid[obs3],
semidiaphanous[obs3], semiopacous[obs3], semiopaque; opalescent,
opaline[obs3]; pearly, milky; frosted, nacreous.
V. opalesce.
(ii) SPECIFIC LIGHT
#428. Color.—N. color, hue, tint, tinge, dye, complexion, shade,
tincture, cast, livery, coloration, glow, flush; tone, key. pure color,
positive color, primary color, primitive complementary color; three
primaries; spectrum, chromatic dispersion; broken color, secondary
color, tertiary color. local color, coloring, keeping, tone, value,
aerial perspective. [Science of color] chromatics, spectrum analysis,
spectroscopy; chromatism[obs3], chromatography||, chromatology[obs3].
[instruments to measure color] prism, spectroscope, spectrograph,
spectrometer, colorimeter (optical instruments) 445. pigment, coloring
matter, paint, dye, wash, distemper, stain; medium; mordant; oil paint
&c. painting 556. V. color, dye, tinge, stain, tint, tinct[obs3],
paint, wash, ingrain, grain, illuminate, emblazon, bedizen, imbue;
paint &c. (fine art) 556. Adj. colored &c. v.; colorific[obs3],
tingent[obs3], tinctorial[obs3]; chromatic, prismatic; full-colored,
high-colored, deep-colored; doubly- dyed; polychromatic;
chromatogenous[obs3]; tingible[obs3]. bright, vivid, intense, deep;
fresh, unfaded[obs3]; rich, gorgeous; gay. gaudy, florid; gay, garish;
rainbow-colored, multihued; showy, flaunting, flashy; raw, crude;
glaring, flaring; discordant, inharmonious. mellow, pastel, harmonious,
pearly, sweet, delicate, tender, refined.
#429. [Absence of color.] Achromatism.—N. achromatism[obs3];
decoloration[obs3], discoloration; pallor, pallidness, pallidity[obs3];
paleness &c. adj.; etiolation; neutral tint, monochrome, black and
white. V. lose color &c. 428; fade, fly, go; become colorless &c.
adj.; turn pale, pale. deprive of color, decolorize, bleach, tarnish,
achromatize, blanch, etiolate, wash out, tone down. Adj. uncolored &c.
(see color &c. 428); colorless, achromatic, aplanatic[obs3]; etiolate,
etiolated; hueless[obs3], pale, pallid; palefaced[obs3], tallow-faced;
faint, dull, cold, muddy, leaden, dun, wan, sallow, dead, dingy, ashy,
ashen, ghastly, cadaverous, glassy, lackluster; discolored &c. v.
light-colored, fair, blond; white &c. 430. pale as death, pale as
ashes, pale as a witch, pale as a ghost, pale as a corpse, white as a
corpse.
#430. Whiteness.—N. whiteness &c. adj.; argent.
albification[obs3], etiolation; lactescence[obs3]. snow, paper, chalk,
milk, lily, ivory, alabaster; albata[obs3], eburin[obs3], German
silver, white metal, barium sulphate[Chem], titanium oxide, blanc
fixe[Fr], ceruse[obs3], pearl white; white lead, carbonate of lead. V.
be white &c. adj. render white &c. adj.; whiten, bleach, blanch,
etiolate, whitewash, silver. Adj. white; milk-white, snow-white; snowy;
niveous[obs3], candid, chalky; hoar, hoary; silvery; argent, argentine;
canescent[obs3], cretaceous, lactescent[obs3]. whitish, creamy, pearly,
fair, blond; blanched &c. v.; high in tone, light. white as a sheet,
white as driven snow, white as a lily, white as silver; like ivory &c.
n.
#431. Blackness.—N. blackness &c. adj.; darkness &c. (want of
light). 421; swartliness[obs3], lividity, dark color, tone, color;
chiaroscuro &c. 420. nigrification[obs3], infuscation[obs3]. jet, ink,
ebony, coal pitch, soot, charcoal, sloe, smut, raven, crow. [derogatory
terms for black-skinned people] Negro, blackamoor, man of color,
nigger, darkie, Ethiop, black; buck, nigger [U. S.]; coon [U. S.],
sambo. [Pigments] lampblack, ivory black, blueblack; writing ink,
printing ink, printer's ink, Indian ink, India ink. V. be black &c.
adj.; render -black &c. adj. blacken, infuscate[obs3], denigrate; blot,
blotch; smutch[obs3]; smirch; darken &c. 421. black, sable, swarthy,
somber, dark, inky, ebony, ebon, atramentous[obs3], jetty; coal-black,
jet-black; fuliginous[obs3], pitchy, sooty, swart, dusky, dingy, murky,
Ethiopic; low-toned, low in tone; of the deepest dye. black as jet &c.
n., black as my hat, black as a shoe, black as a tinker's pot, black as
November, black as thunder, black as midnight; nocturnal &c. (dark)
421; nigrescent[obs3]; gray &c. 432; obscure &c. 421. Adv. in mourning.
#432. Gray.—N. gray &c. adj.; neutral tint, silver, pepper and
salt, chiaroscuro, grisaille[Fr]. [Pigments] Payne's gray; black &c.
431. Adj. gray, grey; iron-gray, dun, drab, dingy, leaden, livid,
somber, sad, pearly, russet, roan; calcareous, limy, favillous[obs3];
silver, silvery, silvered; ashen, ashy; cinereous[obs3],
cineritious[obs3]; grizzly, grizzled; slate-colored, stone-colored,
mouse-colored, ash- colored; cool.
#433. Brown.—N. brown &c. adj. bister[obs3][Pigments], ocher,
sepia, Vandyke brown. V. render brown &c. adj.; tan, embrown[obs3],
bronze. Adj. brown, bay, dapple, auburn, castaneous[obs3], chestnut,
nut- brown, cinnamon, russet, tawny, fuscous[obs3], chocolate, maroon,
foxy, tan, brunette, whitey brown[obs3]; fawn-colored, snuff-colored,
liver- colored; brown as a berry, brown as mahogany, brown as the oak
leaves; khaki. sun-burnt; tanned &c. v.
Primitive Colors[1]
[1] The author's classification of colors has been retained, though it
does not entirely accord with the theories of modern science.
#434. Redness.—N. red, scarlet, vermilion, carmine, crimson, pink,
lake, maroon, carnation, couleur de rose[Fr], rose du Barry[obs3];
magenta, damask, purple; flesh color, flesh tint; color; fresh color,
high color; warmth; gules[Heraldry]. ruby, carbuncle; rose; rust, iron
mold. [Dyes and pigments] cinnabar, cochineal; fuchsine[obs3];
ruddle[obs3], madder; Indian red, light red, Venetian red; red ink,
annotto[obs3]; annatto[obs3], realgar[ISA:mineral], minium[obs3], red
lead. redness &c. adj.; rubescence[obs3], rubicundity,
rubification[obs3]; erubescence[obs3], blush. V. be red, become red
&c.adj.; blush, flush, color up, mantle, redden. render red &c. adj.;
redden, rouge; rubify[obs3], rubricate; incarnadine.; ruddle[obs3].
Adj. red &c. n., reddish; rufous, ruddy, florid, incarnadine, sanguine;
rosy, roseate; blowzy, blowed[obs3]; burnt; rubicund, rubiform[obs3];
lurid, stammell blood red[obs3]; russet buff, murrey[obs3],
carroty[obs3], sorrel, lateritious[obs3]; rubineous[obs3], rubricate,
rubricose[obs3], rufulous[obs3]. rose-colored, ruby-colored,
cherry-colored, claret-colored, flame- colored, flesh-colored,
peach-colored, salmon-colored, brick-colored, brick-colored,
dust-colored. blushing &c. v.; erubescent[obs3]; reddened &c. v. red as
fire, red as blood, red as scarlet, red as a turkey cock, red as a
lobster; warm, hot; foxy.
Complementary Colors
#435. Greenness.—N. green &c. adj.; blue and yellow; vert
#
[heraldry].
emerald, verd antique[Fr], verdigris, malachite, beryl,
aquamarine;
absinthe, creme de menthe[Fr].
[Pigments] terre verte[Fr], verditer[obs3], verdine[obs3],
copperas.
greenness, verdure; viridity[obs3], viridescence[obs3];
verditure[obs3].
[disease of eyes with green tint] glaucoma, [Jap: rokunaisho].
Adj. green, verdant; glaucous, olive, olive green; green as grass;
verdurous.
emerald green, pea green, grass green, apple green, sea green,
olive
green, bottle green, coke bottle green.
greenish; virent[obs3], virescent[obs3].
green (learner) 541[new, inexperienced, novice], (unskillful)
699.
green [ill, sick].
Phr. green with envy; the green grass of Ireland; the wearing of
the
green.
#436. Yellowness.—N. yellow &c. adj.; or.
[Pigments] gamboge; cadmium-yellow, chrome-yellow, Indian-yellow
king's-yellow, lemonyellow; orpiment[obs3], yellow ocher, Claude
tint, aureolin[obs3]; xanthein[Chemsub], xanthin[obs3];
zaofulvin[obs3]. crocu s, saffron, topaz; xanthite[obs3]; yolk.
jaundice; London fog|!; yellowness &c. adj.; icterus[obs3];
xantho- cyanopia|!, xanthopsia[Med]. Adj. yellow, aureate, golden,
flavous|, citrine, fallow; fulvous[obs3], fulvid[obs3]; sallow,
luteous[obs3], tawny, creamy, sandy; xanthic[obs3],
xanthous[obs3]; jaundiced- auricomous[obs3]. gold-colored,
citron-colored, saffron-colored, lemon-colored, lemon yellow,
sulphur-colored, amber-colored, straw-colored, primrose-colored,
creamcolored; xanthocarpous[obs3], xanthochroid[obs3],
xanthopous[obs3]. yellow as a quince, yellow as a guinea, yellow
as a crow's foot. warm, advancing.
#437. Purple.—N. purple &c. adj.; blue and red, bishop's purple;
#
aniline dyes, gridelin[obs3], amethyst; purpure[Heraldry]; heliotrope.
lividness, lividity.
V. empurple[obs3].
Adj. purple, violet, ultraviolet; plum-colored, lavender, lilac,
puce,
mauve; livid.
#438. Blueness.—N. blue &c. adj.; garter-blue; watchet|.
#
[Pigments] ultramarine, smalt, cobalt, cyanogen[Chemsub]; Prussian
blue, syenite blue[obs3]; bice[obs3], indigo; zaffer[obs3].
lapis lazuli, sapphire, turquoise; indicolite[obs3].
blueness, bluishness; bloom.
Adj. blue, azure, cerulean; sky-blue, sky-colored, sky-dyed;
cerulescent[obs3]; powder blue, bluish; atmospheric, retiring; cold.
#439. Orange.—N. orange, red and yellow; gold; or; flame &c. color,
#
adj.
[Pigments] ocher, Mars'orange[obs3], cadmium.
cardinal bird, cardinal flower, cardinal grosbeak, cardinal
lobelia[a
flowering plant].
V. gild, warm.
Adj. orange; ochreous[obs3]; orange-colored, gold-colored,
flame-colored, copper-colored, brass-colored, apricot-colored; warm,
hot,
glowing.
#440. Variegation.—N. variegation; colors, dichroism, trichroism;
iridescence, play of colors, polychrome, maculation, spottiness,
striae. spectrum, rainbow, iris, tulip, peacock, chameleon, butterfly,
tortoise shell; mackerel, mackerel sky; zebra, leopard, cheetah, nacre,
ocelot, ophite[obs3], mother-of-pearl, opal, marble. check, plaid,
tartan, patchwork; marquetry-, parquetry; mosaic, tesserae[obs3],
strigae[obs3]; chessboard, checkers, chequers; harlequin; Joseph's
coat; tricolor. V. be variegated &c. adj.; variegate, stripe, streak,
checker, chequer; bespeckle[obs3], speckle; besprinkle, sprinkle;
stipple, maculate, dot, bespot[obs3]; tattoo, inlay, damascene;
embroider, braid, quilt. Adj. variegated &c. v.; many-colored,
many-hued; divers-colored, party-colored; dichromatic, polychromatic;
bicolor[obs3], tricolor, versicolor[obs3]; of all the colors of the
rainbow, of all manner of colors; kaleidoscopic. iridescent;
opaline[obs3], opalescent; prismatic, nacreous, pearly, shot, gorge de
pigeon, chatoyant[obs3]; irisated[obs3], pavonine[obs3]. pied, piebald;
motley; mottled, marbled; pepper and salt, paned, dappled, clouded,
cymophanous[obs3]. mosaic, tesselated, plaid; tortoise shell &c. n.
spotted, spotty; punctated[obs3], powdered; speckled &c. v.; freckled,
flea-bitten, studded; flecked, fleckered[obs3]; striated, barred,
veined; brinded[obs3], brindled; tabby; watered; grizzled; listed;
embroidered &c. v.; daedal[obs3]; naevose[obs3], stipiform[obs3];
strigose[obs3], striolate[obs3].
(iii) PERCEPTIONS OF LIGHT
#441. Vision.—N. vision, sight, optics, eyesight.
view, look, espial[obs3], glance, ken, coup d'oeil[Fr]; glimpse,
glint, peep; gaze, stare, leer; perlustration[obs3],
contemplation; conspection|, conspectuity|; regard, survey;
introspection; reconnaissance, speculation, watch, espionage,
espionnage[Fr], autopsy; ocular inspection, ocular demonstration;
sight-seeing. point of view; gazebo, loophole, belvedere,
watchtower. field of view; theater, amphitheater, arena, vista,
horizon; commanding view, bird's eye view; periscope. visual
organ, organ of vision; eye; naked eye, unassisted eye; retina,
pupil, iris, cornea, white; optics, orbs; saucer eyes, goggle
eyes, gooseberry eyes. short sight &c. 443; clear sight, sharp
sight, quick sight, eagle sight, piercing sight, penetrating
sight, clear glance, sharp glance, quick glance, eagle glance,
piercing glance, penetrating glance, clear eye, sharp eye, quick
eye, eagle eye, piercing eye, penetrating eye; perspicacity,
discernment; catopsis[obs3]. eagle, hawk; cat, lynx; Argus[obs3].
evil eye; basilisk, cockatrice [Mythical]. V. see, behold,
discern, perceive, have in sight, descry, sight, make out,
discover, distinguish, recognize, spy, espy, ken; get a sight of,
have a sight of, catch a sight of, get a glimpse of, have a
glimpse of, catch a glimpse of; command a view of; witness,
contemplate, speculate; cast the eyes on, set the eyes on; be a
spectator &c. 444 of; look on &c. (be present) 186; see sights &c.
(curiosity) 455; see at a glance &c. (intelligence) 498. look,
view, eye; lift up the eyes, open one's eye; look at, look on,
look upon, look over, look about one, look round; survey, scan,
inspect; run the eye over, run the eye through; reconnoiter,
glance round, glance on, glance over turn one's looks upon, bend
one's looks upon; direct the eyes to, turn the eyes on, cast a
glance. observe &c. (attend to) 457; watch &c. (care) 459; see
with one's own eyes; watch for &c. (expect) 507; peep, peer, pry,
take a peep; play at bopeep[obs3]. look full in the face, look
hard at, look intently; strain one's eyes; fix the eyes upon,
rivet the eyes upon; stare, gaze; pore over, gloat on; leer, ogle,
glare; goggle; cock the eye, squint, gloat, look askance. Adj.
seeing &c. v.; visual, ocular; optic, optical; ophthalmic.
clear-eyesighted &c. n.; eagle-eyed, hawk-eyed, lynx-eyed,
keen-eyed, Argus-eyed. visible &c. 446. Adv. visibly &c. 446; in
sight of, with one's eyes open at sight, at first sight, at a
glance, at the first blush; prima facie[Lat]. Int. look! &c.
(attention) 457. Phr. the scales falling from one's eyes; "an eye
like Mars to threaten or command" [Hamlet]; "her eyes are homes
of silent prayer" [Tennyson]; "looking before and after" [Hamlet];
"thy rapt soul sitting in thine eyes" [Milton].
#442. Blindness.—N. blindness, cecity[obs3], excecation|,
amaurosis[obs3], cataract, ablepsy|, ablepsia[obs3], prestriction|;
dim- sightedness &c. 443; Braille, Braille-type; guttaserena ("drop
serene"), noctograph[obs3], teichopsia[obs3]. V. be blind &c. adj.; not
see; lose sight of; have the eyes bandaged; grope in the dark. not
look; close the eyes, shut the eyes-, turn away the eyes, avert the
eyes; look another way; wink &c. (limited vision) 443; shut the eyes
to, be blind to, wink at, blink at. render blind &c. adj.; blind,
blindfold; hoodwink, dazzle, put one's eyes out; throw dust into one's
eyes, pull the wool over one's eyes; jeter de la poudre aux yeux[Fr];
screen from sight &c. (hide) 528. Adj. blind; eyeless, sightless,
visionless; dark; stone-blind, sand- blind, stark-blind;
undiscerning[obs3]; dimsighted &c. 443. blind as a bat, blind as a
buzzard, blind as a beetle, blind as a mole, blind as an owl;
wall-eyed. blinded &c. v. Adv. blindly, blindfold, blindfolded; darkly.
Phr. "O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon" [Milton].
#443. [Imperfect vision.] Dimsightedness. [Fallacies of vision.]—N.
dim sight, dull sight half sight, short sight, near sight, long sight,
double sight, astigmatic sight, failing sight; dimsightedness &c.;
purblindness, lippitude[obs3]; myopia, presbyopia[obs3]; confusion of
vision; astigmatism; color blindness, chromato-pseudo-blepsis[obs3],
Daltonism; nyctalopia[obs3]; strabismus, strabism[obs3], squint;
blearedness[obs3], day blindness, hemeralopia[obs3], nystagmus;
xanthocyanopia[obs3], xanthopsia[Med]; cast in the eye, swivel eye,
goggle- eyes; obliquity of vision. winking &c. v.; nictitation;
blinkard[obs3], albino. dizziness, swimming, scotomy[obs3]; cataract;
ophthalmia. [Limitation of vision] blinker; screen &c. (hider) 530.
[Fallacies of vision] deceptio visus[Lat]; refraction, distortion,
illusion, false light, anamorphosis[obs3], virtual image, spectrum,
mirage, looming, phasma|; phantasm, phantasma[obs3], phantom; vision;
specter, apparition, ghost; ignis fatuus &c. (luminary) 423 specter of
the Brocken magic mirror[Lat]; magic lantern &c. (show) 448; mirror
lens &c. (instrument) 445. V. be dimsighted &c. n.; see double; have a
mote in the eye, have a mist before the eyes, have a film over the
eyes; see through a prism, see through a glass darkly; wink, blink,
nictitate; squint; look askant[obs3], askant askance[obs3]; screw up
the eyes, glare, glower; nictate[obs3]. dazzle, loom. Adj. dim-sighted
&c. n.; myopic, presbyopic[obs3]; astigmatic moon- eyed, mope-eyed,
blear-eyed, goggle-eyed, gooseberry-eyed, one-eyed; blind of one eye,
monoculous[obs3]; half-blind, purblind; cock-eyed, dim-eyed, mole-eyed;
dichroic. blind as a bat &c. (blind) 442; winking &c. v.
#444. Spectator.—N. spectator, beholder, observer, looker-on,
onlooker, witness, eyewitness, bystander, passer by; sightseer;
rubberneck * [U. S.].
spy; sentinel &c. (warning) 668.
V. witness, behold &c. (see) 441; look on &c. (be present) 186;
gawk, rubber *, rubberneck *[U.S.].
#445. Optical Instruments.—N. optical instruments; lens, meniscus,
magnifier, sunglass, magnifying glass, hand lens; microscope,
megascope[obs3], tienoscope[obs3]. spectacles, specs [coll.],glasses,
barnacles, goggles, eyeglass, pince-nez, monocle, reading glasses,
bifocals; contact lenses, soft lenses, hard lenses; sunglasses,
shades[coll.]. periscopic lens[obs3]; telescope, glass, lorgnette;
spyglass, opera glass, binocular, binoculars, field glass; burning
glass, convex lens, concave lens, convexo-concave lens[obs3], coated
lens, multiple lens, compound lens, lens system, telephoto lens,
wide-angle lens, fish-eye lens, zoom lens; optical bench. astronomical
telescope, reflecting telescope, reflector, refracting telescope,
refractor, Newtonian telescope, folded-path telescope, finder
telescope, chromatoscope; X-ray telescope; radiotelescope, phased-array
telescope, Very Large Array radiotelescope; ultraviolet telescope;
infrared telescope; star spectroscope; space telescope. [telescope
mounts] altazimuth mount, equatorial mount. refractometer, circular
dichroism spectrometer. interferometer. phase-contrast microscope,
fluorescence microscope, dissecting microscope; electron microscope,
transmission electron microscope; scanning electron microscope, SEM;
scanning tunneling electron microscope. [microscope components]
objective lens, eyepiece, barrel, platform, focusing knob; slide, slide
glass, cover glass, counting chamber; illuminator, light source,
polarizer, [component parts of telescopes] reticle, cross-hairs. light
pipe, fiber optics mirror, reflector, speculum; looking-glass,
pier-glass, cheval-glass, rear-view mirror, hand mirror, one-way
mirror, magnifying mirror. [room with distorting mirrors] fun house.
prism, diffraction grating; beam splitter, half-wave plate, quarter-
wave plate. camera lucida[Lat], camera obscura[Lat]; magic lantern &c.
(show) 448; stereopticon; chromatrope[obs3], thaumatrope[obs3];
stereoscope, pseudoscope[obs3], polyscope[obs3], kaleidoscope.
photometer, eriometer[obs3], actinometer[obs3], lucimeter[obs3],
radiometer; ligth detector, photodiode, photomultiplier, photodiode
array, photocell. X-ray diffractometer, goniometer. spectrometer,
monochrometer, UV spectrometer, visible spectrometer, Infrared
spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, recording
spectrometer; densitometer, scanning densitometer, two-dimensional
densitometer. abdominoscope[obs3], gastroscope[Med], helioscope[obs3],
polariscope[obs3], polemoscope[obs3], spectroscope.
abdominoscopy[obs3]; gastroscopy[Med]; microscopy, microscopist.
#446. Visibility.—N. visibility, perceptibility; conspicuousness,
distinctness &c. adj.; conspicuity[obs3], conspicuousness; appearance
&c. 448; bassetting[obs3]; exposure; manifestation &c. 525; ocular
proof, ocular evidence, ocular demonstration; field of view &c.
(vision) 441; periscopism[obs3]. V. be become visible &c. adj.; appear,
open to the view; meet the eye, catch the eye; basset; present itself,
show manifest itself, produce itself, discover itself, reveal itself,
expose itself, betray itself; stand forth, stand out; materialize;
show; arise; peep out, peer out, crop out; start up, spring up, show
up, turn up, crop up; glimmer, loom; glare; burst forth; burst upon the
view, burst upon the sight; heave in sight; come in sight, come into
view, come out, come forth, come forward; see the light of day; break
through the clouds; make its appearance, show its face, appear to one's
eyes, come upon the stage, float before the eyes, speak for itself &c.
(manifest) 525; attract the attention &c. 457; reappear; live in a
glass house. expose to view &c. 525. Adj. visible, perceptible,
perceivable, discernible, apparent; in view, in full view, in sight;
exposed to view, en evidence; unclouded, unobscured[obs3], in the
foreground. obvious &c. (manifest) 525; plain, clear, distinct,
definite; well defined, well marked; in focus; recognizable, palpable,
autoptical[obs3]; glaring, staring, conspicuous; stereoscopic; in bold,
in strong relief. periscopic[obs3], panoramic. before one's eyes, under
one's eyes; before one, vue d'oeil[Fr], in one's eye, oculis subjecta
fidelibus[Lat]. Adv. visibly &c. adj.; in sight of; before one's eyes
&c. adj.; veluti in speculum[Lat].
#447. Invisibility.—N. invisibility, invisibleness, nonappearance,
#
imperceptibility; indistinctness &c. adj.; mystery, delitescence[obs3].
concealment &c. 528; latency &c. 526.
V. be invisible &c. adj.; be hidden &c. (hide) 528; lurk &c. (lie
hidden) 526; escape notice.
render invisible &c. adj.; conceal &c. 528; put out of sight.
not see &c. (be blind) 442; lose sight of.
Adj. invisible, imperceptible; undiscernible[obs3], indiscernible;
unapparent, non-apparent; out of sight, not in sight; a perte de
vue[French]; behind the scenes, behind the curtain; viewless,
sightless;
inconspicuous, unconspicuous[obs3]; unseen &c. (see see &c. 441);
covert
&c. (latent) 526; eclipsed, under an eclipse.
dim &c. (faint) 422; mysterious, dark, obscure, confused;
indistinct,
indistinguishable; shadowy, indefinite, undefined; ill-defined,
ill-marked;
blurred, fuzzy, out of focus; misty &c. (opaque) 426;
delitescent[obs3].
hidden, obscured, covered, veiled (concealed) 528.
Phr. "full many a flower is born to blush unseen" [Gray].
#448. Appearance.—N. appearance, phenomenon, sight, spectacle,
show, premonstration|, scene, species, view, coup d'oeil[Fr]; lookout,
outlook, prospect, vista, perspective, bird's-eye view, scenery,
landscape, picture, tableau; display, exposure, mise en scene[Fr];
rising of the curtain. phantasm, phantom &c. (fallacy of vision) 443.
pageant, spectacle; peep-show, raree-show, gallanty-show; ombres
chinoises[Sp]; magic lantern, phantasmagoria, dissolving views;
biograph[obs3], cinematograph, moving pictures; panorama, diorama,
cosmorama[obs3], georama[obs3]; coup de theatre, jeu de theatre[Fr];
pageantry &c. (ostentation) 882; insignia &c. (indication) 550. aspect,
angle, phase, phasis[obs3], seeming; shape &c. (form) 240; guise, look,
complexion, color, image, mien, air, cast, carriage, port, demeanor;
presence, expression, first blush, face of the thing; point of view,
light. lineament feature trait lines; outline, outside; contour, face,
countenance, physiognomy, visage, phiz[obs3],. cast of countenance,
profile, tournure[obs3], cut of one's jib, metoposcopy[obs3]; outside
&c. 220. V. appear; be visible, become visible &c. 446; seem, look,
show; present the appearance of, wear the appearance of, carry the
appearance of, have the appearance of, bear the appearance of, exhibit
the appearance of, take the appearance of, take on the appearance of,
assume the appearance, present the semblance of, wear the semblance of,
carry the semblance of, have the semblance of, bear the semblance of,
exhibit the semblance of, take the semblance of, take on the semblance
of, assume the semblance of; look like; cut a figure, figure; present
to the view; show &c. (make manifest) 525. Adj. apparent, seeming,
ostensible; on view. Adv. apparently; to all seeming, to all
appearance; ostensibly, seemingly, as it seems, on the face of it,
prima facie [Lat]; at the first blush, at first sight; in the eyes of;
to the eye. Phr. editio princeps [Lat].
#449. Disappearance.—N. disappearance, evanescence, eclipse,
#
occultation.
departure &c. 293; exit; vanishing point; dissolving views.
V. disappear, vanish, dissolve, fade, melt away, pass, go,
avaunt[obs3], evaporate, vaporize; be gone &c. adj.; leave no trace,
leave
"not a rack behind" [Tempest]; go off the stage &c. (depart) 293;
suffer
an eclipse, undergo an eclipse; retire from sight; be lost to view,
pass
out of sight.
lose sight of.
efface &c. 552.
Adj. disappearing &c. v.; evanescent; missing, lost; lost to
sight,
lost to view; gone.
Int. vanish! disappear! avaunt[obs3]! get lost! get out of here
&c.
(ejection) 297.
CLASS IV
WORDS RELATING TO THE INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES
DIVISION (I) FORMATION OF IDEAS
SECTION I. OPERATIONS OF INTELLECT IN GENERAL
#450. Intellect.—N. intellect, mind, understanding, reason,
thinking principle; rationality; cogitative faculties, cognitive
faculties, discursive faculties, reasoning faculties, intellectual
faculties; faculties, senses, consciousness, observation, percipience,
intelligence, intellection, intuition, association of ideas, instinct,
conception, judgment, wits, parts, capacity, intellectuality, genius;
brains, cognitive powers, intellectual powers; wit &c. 498; ability &c.
(skill) 698; wisdom &c. 498; Vernunft[Ger], Verstand[Ger]. soul,
spirit, ghost, inner man, heart, breast, bosom, penetralia mentis[Lat],
divina particula aurae[Lat], heart's core; the Absolute, psyche,
subliminal consciousness, supreme principle. brain, organ of thought,
seat of thought; sensorium[obs3], sensory; head, headpiece; pate,
noddle[obs3], noggin, skull, scull, pericranium[Med], cerebrum,
cranium, brainpan[obs3], sconce, upper story. [in computers] central
processing unit, CPU; arithmetic and logical unit, ALU. [Science of
mind] metaphysics; psychics, psychology; ideology; mental philosophy,
moral philosophy; philosophy of the mind; pneumatology[obs3],
phrenology; craniology[Med], cranioscopy[Med]. ideality, idealism;
transcendentalism, spiritualism; immateriality &c. 317; universal
concept, universal conception. metaphysician, psychologist &c. V.
note, notice, mark; take notice of, take cognizance of be aware of, be
conscious of; realize; appreciate; ruminate &c. (think) 451; fancy &c.
(imagine) 515. Adj. intellectual[Relating to intellect], mental,
rational, subjective, metaphysical, nooscopic[obs3], spiritual;
ghostly; psychical[obs3], psychological; cerebral; animastic[obs3];
brainy; hyperphysical[obs3], superphysical[obs3]; subconscious,
subliminal. immaterial &c. 317; endowed with reason. Adv. in petto.
Phr. ens rationis [Lat]; frons est animi janua [Lat][Cicero]; locos y
ninos dicen la verdad [Sp]; mens sola loco non exulat [Lat][Ovid]; "my
mind is my kingdom" [Campbell]; "stern men with empires in their
brains" [Lowell]; "the mind, the music breathing from her face"
[Byron]; "thou living ray of intellectual Fire" [Falconer].
#450a. Absence or want of Intellect.—N. absence of intellect, want
#
of intellect &c. 450; imbecility &c. 499.: brutality, brute force.
instinct, brute instinct, stimulus-response loop, conditioned
response, instinctive reaction, Pavlovian response.
mimicry, aping (imitation) 19.
moron, imbecile, idiot; fool &c. 501; dumb animal; vegetable,
brain-
dead.
Adj. unendowed with reason, void of reason; thoughtless;
vegetative;
moronic, idiotic, brainless [all pejorative].
Adv. instinctively, like Pavlov's dog; vegetatively.
V. mimic, ape (imitate) 19; respond instinctively.
#451. Thought.—N. thought; exercitation of the intellect[obs3],
exercise of the intellect; intellection; reflection, cogitation,
consideration, meditation, study, lucubration, speculation,
deliberation, pondering; head work, brain work; cerebration; deep
reflection; close study, application &c. (attention) 457. abstract
thought, abstraction contemplation, musing; brown study &c.
(inattention) 458; reverie, Platonism; depth of thought, workings of
the mind, thoughts, inmost thoughts; self-counsel self-communing, self-
consultation; philosophy of the Absolute, philosophy of the Academy,
philosophy of the Garden, philosophy of the lyceum, philosophy of the
Porch. association of thought, succession of thought, flow of thought,
train of thought, current of thought, association of ideas, succession
of ideas, flow of ideas, train of ideas, current of ideas. after
thought, mature thought; reconsideration, second thoughts;
retrospection &c. (memory) 505; excogitation[obs3]; examination &c.
(inquiry) 461 invention &c. (imagination) 515. thoughtfulness &c. adj.
V. think, reflect, cogitate, excogitate[obs3], consider, deliberate;
bestow thought upon, bestow consideration upon; speculate, contemplate,
meditate, ponder, muse, dream, ruminate; brood over, con over;
animadvert, study; bend -, apply mind &c. (attend) 457; digest,
discuss, hammer at, weigh, perpend; realize, appreciate; fancy &c.
(imagine) 515; trow[obs3]. take into consideration; take counsel &c.
(be advised) 695; commune with oneself, bethink oneself; collect one's
thoughts; revolve in the mind, turn over in the mind, run over in the
mind; chew the cud upon, sleep upon; take counsel of one's pillow,
advise with one's pillow. rack one's brains, ransack one's brains,
crack one's brains, beat one's brains, cudgel one's brains; set one's
brain to work, set one's wits to work. harbor an idea, entertain an
idea, cherish an idea, nurture an idea &c. 453; take into one's head;
bear in mind; reconsider. occur; present itself, suggest itself; come
into one's head, get into one's head; strike one, flit across the
view, come uppermost, run in one's head; enter the mind, pass in the
mind, cross the mind, flash on the mind, flash across the mind, float
in the mind, fasten itself on the mind, be uppermost in the mind,
occupy the mind; have in one's mind. make an impression; sink into the
mind, penetrate into the mind; engross the thoughts. Adj. thinking &c.
v.; thoughtful, pensive, meditative, reflective, museful[obs3],
wistful, contemplative, speculative, deliberative, studious, sedate,
introspective, Platonic, philosophical. lost in thought &c.
(inattentive) 458; deep musing &c. (intent) 457. in the mind, under
consideration. Adv. all things considered. Phr. the mind being on the
stretch; the mind turning upon, the head turning upon, the mind
running upon; "divinely, bent to meditation" [Richard III]; en toute
chose il faut considerer la fin[Fr][obs3]; "fresh- pluckt from bowers
of never-failing thought" [O. Meredith]; "go speed the stars of
Thought"[Emerson]; "in maiden meditation fancy-free" [M. N. D.]; "so
sweet is zealous contemplation" [Richard III]; "the power of thought
is the magic of the Mind" [Byron]; "those that think must govern those
that toil" [Goldsmith]; "thought is parent of the deed" [Carlyle];
"thoughts in attitudes imperious" [Longfellow]; "thoughts that breathe
and words that burn" [Gray]; vivere est cogitare [Lat][Cicero]; Volk
der Dichter und Denker [Ger].
#452. [Absence or want of thought.] Incogitancy.—N.
#
incogitancy[obs3], vacancy, inunderstanding[obs3]; fatuity &c. 499;
thoughtlessness &c. (inattention) 458; vacuity.
couch potato, vegetable.
V. not think &c. 451; not think of; dismiss from the mind, dismiss
from the thoughts &c. 451.
indulge in reverie &c. (be inattentive) 458.
put away thought; unbend the mind, relax the mind, divert the
mind,
veg out.
Adj. vacant, unintellectual, unideal[obs3], unoccupied,
unthinking,
inconsiderate, thoughtless, mindless, no-brain, vacuous; absent &c.
(inattentive) 458; diverted; irrational &c. 499; narrow-minded &c. 481.
unthought of, undreamt 'of, unconsidered; off one's mind;
incogitable[obs3], not to be thought of.
Phr. absence d'esprit; pabulum pictura pascit inani[Lat][obs3].
#453. [Object of thought.] Idea.—N. idea, notion, conception,
thought, apprehension, impression, perception, image, εἴδωλον[Grk],
sentiment, reflection, observation, consideration; abstract idea;
archetype, formative notion; guiding conception, organizing conception;
image in the mind, regulative principle. view &c. (opinion) 484; theory
&c. 514; conceit, fancy; phantasy &c. (imagination) 515.point of view
&c. (aspect) 448; field of view.
#454. [Subject of thought, νοήματα Topic.
N.—subject of—, material for thought; food for the mind, mental pabulum.
subject, subject matter; matter, theme, νοήματα[Grk], topic, what
it is about, thesis, text, business, affair, matter in hand,
argument; motion, resolution; head, chapter; case, point;
proposition, theorem; field of inquiry; moot point, problem &c.
(question) 461.
V. float in the mind, pass in the mind &c. 451.
Adj. thought of; uppermost in the mind; in petto.
Adv. under consideration; in question, in the mind; on foot, on
the
carpet, on the docket, on the tapis[obs3]; relative to &c. 9.
SECTION II. PRECURSORY CONDITIONS AND OPERATIONS
#455. [The desire of knowledge.] Curiosity.—N. interest, thirst for
knowledge, thirst for truth; curiosity, curiousness; inquiring mind;
inquisitiveness. omnivorous intellect, devouring mind. [person who
desires knowledge] inquirer; sightseer; quidnunc[Lat], newsmonger,
Paul Pry, eavesdropper; gossip &c. (news) 532; rubberneck;
intellectual; seeker[inquirer after religious knowledge], seeker after
truth. V. be curious &c. adj.; take an interest in, stare, gape; prick
up the ears, see sights, lionize; pry; nose; rubberneck*[U. S.]. Adj.
curious, inquisitive, burning with curiosity, overcurious; inquiring
&c. 461; prying, snoopy, nosy, peering; prurient; inquisitorial,
inquisitory[obs3]; curious as a cat; agape &c. (expectant) 507. Phr.
what's the matter? what next? consumed with curiosity; curiosity killed
the cat, satisfaction brought it back. "curiouser and curiouser" [Alice
in Wonderland].
#456. [Absence of curiosity.] Incuriosity.—N. incuriosity,
incuriousness &c. adj.; insouciance &c. 866; indifference, lack of
interest, disinterest. boredom, ennui (weariness) 841; satiety &c. 639;
foreknowledge (foresight) 510. V. be incurious &c. adj.; have no
curiosity &c. 455; take no interest in &c. 823; mind one's own
business. Adj. incurious, uninquisitive, indifferent; impassive &c.
823; uninterested, detached, aloof.
#457. Attention.—N. attention; mindfulness, presence of mind &c.
adj.; intentness, intentiveness[obs3]; alertness; thought &c. 451;
advertence, advertency[obs3]; observance, observation; consideration,
reflection, perpension|; heed; heedfulness; particularity; notice,
regard &c. v.; circumspection, diligence &c. (care) 459; study,
scrutiny inspection, introspection; revision, revisal. active
application, diligent application, exclusive application, minute
application, close application, intense application, deep application,
profound application, abstract application, labored application,
deliberate application, active attention, diligent attention, exclusive
attention, minute attention, close attention, intense attention, deep
attention, profound attention, abstract attention, labored attention,
deliberate attention, active thought, diligent thought, exclusive
thought, minute thought, close thought, intense thought, deep thought,
profound thought, abstract thought, labored thought, deliberate
thought, active study, diligent study, exclusive study, minute study,
close study, intense study, deep study, profound study, abstract study,
labored study, deliberate study. minuteness, attention to detail.
absorption of mind &c. (abstraction) 458. indication, calling attention
to &c. v. V. be attentive &c. adj.; attend, advert to, observe, look,
see, view, remark, notice, regard, take notice, mark; give attention
to, pay attention to, pay heed to, give heed to; incline an ear to,
lend an ear to; trouble one's head about; give a thought to, animadvert
to; occupy oneself with; contemplate &c. (think of) 451; look at, look
to, look after, look into, look over; see to; turn the mind to, bend
the mind to, apply the mind to, direct the mind to, give the mind to,
turn the eye to, bend the eye to, apply the eye to, direct the eye to,
give the eye to, turn the attention to, bend the attention to, apply
the attention to, direct the attention to, give the attention to; have
an eye to, have in one's eye; bear in mind; take into account, take
into consideration; keep in sight, keep in view; have regard to, heed,
mind, take cognizance of entertain, recognize; make note of, take note
of; note. examine cursorily; glance at, glance upon, glance over; cast
the eyes over, pass the eyes over; run over, turn over the leaves, dip
into, perstringe|; skim &c. (neglect) 460; take a cursory view of.
examine, examine closely, examine intently; scan, scrutinize, consider;
give one's mind to, bend one's mind to; overhaul, revise, pore over;
inspect, review, pass under review; take stock of; fix the eye on,
rivet attention on, fix attention on, devote the eye to, fix the mind
on, devote the thoughts to; hear out, think out; mind one's business.
revert to; watch &c. (expect) 507, (take care of) 459; hearken to,
listen to; prick up the ears; have the eyes open, keep the eyes open;
come to the point. meet with attention; fall under one's notice, fall
under one's observation; be under consideration &c. (topic) 454. catch
the eye, strike the eye; attract notice; catch the attention, awaken
the attention, wake the attention, invite the attention, solicit the
attention, attract the attention, claim the attention, excite the
attention, engage the attention, occupy the attention, strike the
attention, arrest the attention, fix the attention, engross the
attention, absorb the attention, rivet the attention, catch the mind,
awaken the mind, wake the mind, invite the mind, solicit the mind,
attract the mind, claim the mind excite the mind, engage the mind,
occupy the mind, strike the mind, arrest the mind, fix the mind,
engross the mind, absorb the mind, rivet the mind, catch the thoughts,
awaken the thoughts, wake the thoughts, invite the thoughts, solicit
the thoughts, attract the thoughts, claim the thoughts excite the
thoughts, engage the thoughts, occupy the thoughts, strike the
thoughts, arrest the thoughts, fix the thoughts, engross the thoughts,
absorb the thoughts, rivet the thoughts; be present to the mind, be
uppermost in the mind. bring under one's notice; point out, point to,
point at, point the finger at; lay the finger on, indigitate|,
indicate; direct attention to, call attention to; show; put a mark &c.
(sign) 550 upon; call soldiers to "attention"; bring forward &c. (make
manifest) 525. Adj. attentive, mindful, observant, regardful; alive to,
awake to; observing &c. v.; alert, open-eyed; intent on, taken up
with, occupied with, engaged in; engrossed in, wrapped in, absorbed,
rapt, transfixed, riveted, mesmerized, hypnotized; glued to (the TV);
breathless; preoccupied &c. (inattentive) 458; watchful &c. (careful)
459; breathless, undistracted, upon the stretch; on the watch &c.
(expectant) 507. steadfast. [compelling attention] interesting,
engrossing, mesmerizing, riveting. Int. see! look, look here, look you,
look to it! mark! lo! behold! soho[obs3]! hark, hark ye! mind! halloo!
observe! lo and behold! attention! nota bene [Latin], "N.B.", note
well; I'd have you to know; notice! O yes! Oyez! dekko[obs3]!
ecco[obs3]! yoho! Phr. this is to give notice, these are to give
notice; dictum sapienti sat est [Latin: a word to the wise is
sufficient]; finem respice[Lat]. Attention! Now hear this! Oyez!;
Achtung[German]; vnimanie[Russ][Russian]; chui[Japanese].
#458. Inattention.—N. inattention, inconsideration;
inconsiderateness &c. adj.; oversight; inadvertence, inadvertency,
nonobservance, disregard. supineness &c. (inactivity) 683;
etourderie[French], want of thought; heedlessness &c. (neglect) 460;
insouciance &c. (indifference) 866. abstraction; absence of mind,
absorption of mind; preoccupation, distraction, reverie, brown study,
deep musing, fit of abstraction. V. be inattentive &c. adj.; overlook,
disregard; pass by &c. (neglect) 460 not observe &c. 457; think little
of. close one's eyes to, shut one's eyes to; pay no attention to;
dismiss from one's thoughts, discard from one's thoughts, discharge
from one's thoughts, dismiss from one's mind, discard from one's mind,
discharge from one's mind; drop the subject, think no more of; set
aside, turn aside, put aside; turn away from, turn one's attention
from, turn a deaf ear to, turn one's back upon. abstract oneself,
dream, indulge in reverie. escape notice, escape attention; come in at
one ear and go out at the other; forget &c. (have no remembrance) 506.
call off the attention, draw off the attention, call away the
attention, divert the attention, distract the mind; put out of one's
head; disconcert, discompose; put out, confuse, perplex, bewilder,
moider[obs3], fluster, muddle, dazzle; throw a sop to Cerberus. Adj.
inattentive; unobservant, unmindful, heedless, unthinking, unheeding,
undiscerning[obs3]; inadvertent; mindless, regardless,
respectless[obs3], listless &c. (indifferent) 866; blind, deaf; bird-
witted; hand over head; cursory, percursory[obs3]; giddy-brained,
scatter- brained, hare-brained; unreflective, unreflecting[obs3],
ecervele [French]; offhand; dizzy, muzzy[obs3], brainsick[obs3]; giddy,
giddy as a goose; wild, harum-scarum, rantipole[obs3], highflying;
heedless, careless &c. (neglectful) 460. inconsiderate, thoughtless.
absent, abstracted, distrait; absentminded, lost; lost in thought,
wrapped in thought; rapt, in the clouds, bemused; dreaming on other
things, musing on other things; preoccupied, engrossed &c. (attentive)
457; daydreaming, in a reverie &c. n.; off one's guard &c.
(inexpectant) 508[obs3]; napping; dreamy; caught napping. disconcerted,
distracted, put out &c. v. Adv. inattentively, inadvertently,
absent-mindedly &c. adj[obs3].; per incuriam[Lat], sub silentio[Lat].
Int. stand at ease, stand easy! Phr. the attention wanders; one's wits
gone a woolgathering, one's wits gone a bird's nesting; it never
entered into one's head; the mind running on other things; one's
thoughts being elsewhere; had it been a bear it would have bitten you.
129
#459. Care. [Vigilance.]—N. care, solicitude, heed; heedfulness
&c. adj.; scruple &c. (conscientiousness) 939. watchfulness &c. adj.;
vigilance, surveillance, eyes of Argus[obs3], watch, vigil, look out,
watch and ward, loeil du maitre[Fr]. alertness &c. (activity) 682;
attention &c. 457; prudence &c., circumspection &c. (caution) 864;
anxiety; forethought &c. 510; precaution &c. (preparation) 673;
tidiness &c. (order) 58, (cleanliness) 652; accuracy &c. (exactness)
494; minuteness, attention to detail. V. be careful &c. adj.;
reck[obs3]; take care &c. (be cautious) 864; pay attention to &c. 457;
take care of; look to, look after, see to, see after; keep an eye on,
keep a sharp eye on; chaperon, matronize[obs3], play gooseberry; keep
watch, keep watch and ward; mount guard, set watch, watch; keep in
sight, keep in view; mind, mind one's business. look sharp, look about
one; look with one's own eyes; keep a good lookout, keep a sharp
lookout; have all one's wits about one, have all one's eyes about one;
watch for &c. (expect) 507; keep one's eyes open, have the eyes open,
sleep with one's eye open. Adj. careful regardful, heedful; taking
care &c. v.; particular; prudent &c. (cautious) 864; considerate;
thoughtful &c. (deliberative) 451; provident &c. (prepared) 673; alert
&c. (active) 682; sure-footed. guarded, on one's guard; on the qui
vivre[Fr], on the alert, on watch, on the lookout; awake, broad awake,
vigilant; watchful, wakeful, wistful; Argus-eyed; wide awake &c.
(intelligent) 498; on the watch for (expectant) 507. tidy &c. (orderly)
58, (clean) 652; accurate &c. (exact) 494; scrupulous &c.
(conscientious) 939; cavendo tutus &c. (safe) 664[Lat]. Adv. carefully
&c. adj.; with care, gingerly. Phr. quis custodiet istos custodes?
[Latin: who will watch the watchers?]; "care will kill a cat" [Wither];
ni bebas agua que no veas [Sp]; "O polished perturbation! Golden care!"
[Henry IV]; "the incessant care and labor of his mind" [Henry IV].
#460. Neglect.—N. neglect; carelessness &c. adj.; trifling &c. v.;
negligence; omission, oversight, laches[Law], default; supineness &c.
(inactivity) 683; inattention &c. 458; nonchalance &c. (insensibility)
823; imprudence, recklessness &c. 863; slovenliness &c. (disorder) 59,
(dirt) 653; improvidence &c. 674; noncompletion &c. 730; inexactness
&c. (error) 495. paralipsis, paralepsis, paraleipsis [in rhetoric].
trifler, waiter on Providence; Micawber. V. be negligent &c. adj.; take
no care of &c. (take care of &c. 459); neglect; let slip, let go; lay
aside, set aside, cast aside, put aside; keep out of sight, put out of
sight; lose sight of. overlook, disregard; pass over, pas by; let pass;
blink; wink at, connive at; gloss over; take no note of, take no
thought of, take no account of, take no notice of; pay no regard to;
laisser aller[Fr]. scamp; trifle, fribble[obs3]; do by halves; cut;
slight &c. (despise) 930; play with, trifle with; slur, skim, skim the
surface; effleurer [Fr]; take a cursory view of &c. 457. slur over,
skip over, jump over, slip over; pretermit[obs3], miss, skip, jump,
omit, give the go-by to, push aside, pigeonhole, shelve, sink; table
[parliamentary]; ignore, shut one's eyes to, refuse to hear, turn a
deaf ear to; leave out of one's calculation; not attend to &c. 457, not
mind; not trouble oneself about, not trouble one's head about, not
trouble oneself with; forget &c. 506; be caught napping &c. (not
expect) 508; leave a loose thread; let the grass grow under one's feet.
render neglectful &c. adj.; put off one's guard, throw off one's guard;
distract, divert. Adj. neglecting &c. v.; unmindful, negligent,
neglectful; heedless, careless, thoughtless; perfunctory, remiss;
feebleness &c. 575. inconsiderate; uncircumspect[obs3],
incircumspect[obs3]; off one's guard; unwary, unwatchful[obs3],
unguarded; offhand. supine &c. (inactive) 683; inattentive &c. 458;
insouciant &c. (indifferent) 823; imprudent, reckless &c. 863; slovenly
&c. (disorderly) 59, (dirty) 653; inexact &c. (erroneous) 495;
improvident &c. 674. neglected &c. v.; unheeded, uncared-for,
unperceived, unseen, unobserved, unnoticed, unnoted[obs3], unmarked,
unattended to, unthought of, unregarded[obs3], unremarked,
unmissed[obs3]; shunted, shelved. unexamined, unstudied,
unsearched[obs3], unscanned[obs3], unweighed[obs3], unsifted,
unexplored. abandoned; buried in a napkin, hid under a bushel. Adv.
negligently &c. adj.; hand over head, anyhow; in an unguarded moment
&c. (unexpectedly) 508; per incuriam[Lat]. Int. never mind, no matter,
let it pass. Phr. out of sight, out of mind.
#461. Inquiry [Subject of Inquiry. Question]—N. inquiry; request
&c. 765; search, research, quest, pursuit &c. 622. examination, review,
scrutiny, investigation, indagation|; perquisition[obs3],
perscrutation[obs3], pervestigation|; inquest, inquisition;
exploration; exploitation, ventilation. sifting; calculation, analysis,
dissection, resolution, induction; Baconian method[obs3]. strict
inquiry, close inquiry, searching inquiry, exhaustive inquiry; narrow
search, strict search; study &c. (consideration) 451. scire
facias[Lat], ad referendum; trial. questioning &c. v.; interrogation,
interrogatory; interpellation; challenge, examination,
cross-examination, catechism; feeler, Socratic method, zetetic
philosophy[obs3]; leading question; discussion &c. (reasoning) 476.
reconnoitering, reconnaissance; prying &c. v.; espionage,
espionnage[Fr]; domiciliary visit, peep behind the curtain; lantern of
Diogenes. question, query, problem, desideratum, point to be solved,
porism[obs3]; subject of inquiry, field of inquiry, subject of
controversy; point in dispute, matter in dispute; moot point; issue,
question at issue; bone of contention &c. (discord) 713; plain
question, fair question, open question; enigma &c. (secret) 533; knotty
point &c. (difficulty) 704; quodlibet; threshold of an inquiry. [person
who questions] inquirer, investigator, inquisitor, inspector,
querist[obs3], examiner, catechist; scrutator scrutineer
scrutinizer[obs3]; analyst; quidnunc &c. (curiosity) 455[Lat]. V. make
inquiry &c. n.; inquire, ask, seek, search. look for, look about for,
look out for; scan, reconnoiter, explore, sound, rummage, ransack, pry,
peer, look round; look over, go over, look through, go through; spy,
overhaul. [transitive: object is a topic] ask about, inquire about.
scratch the head, slap the forehead. look into every hole and corner,
peer into every hole and corner, pry into every hole and corner; nose;
trace up; search out, hunt down, hunt out, fish out, ferret out;
unearth; leave no stone unturned. seek a clue, seek a clew; hunt,
track, trail, mouse, dodge, trace; follow the trail, follow the scent;
pursue &c. 662; beat up one's quarters; fish for; feel for &c.
(experiment) 463. investigate; take up an inquiry, institute an
inquiry, pursue an inquiry, follow up an inquiry, conduct an inquiry,
carry on an inquiry, carry out an inquiry, prosecute an inquiry &c.
n.; look at, look into; preexamine; discuss, canvass, agitate.
[inquire into a topic] examine, study, consider, calculate; dip into,
dive into, delve into, go deep into; make sure of, probe, sound,
fathom; probe to the bottom, probe to the quick; scrutinize, analyze,
anatomize, dissect, parse, resolve, sift, winnow; view in all its
phases, try in all its phases; thresh out. bring in question, bring
into question, subject to examination; put to the proof &c.
(experiment) 463; audit, tax, pass in review; take into consideration
&c. (think over) 451; take counsel &c. 695. [intransitive] question,
demand; put the question, pop the question, propose the question,
propound the question, moot the question, start the question, raise the
question, stir the question, suggest the question, put forth the
question, ventilate the question, grapple with the question, go into a
question. question[transitive: human object], put to the question,
interrogate, pump; subject to interrogation, subject to examination;
cross-question, cross-examine; press for an answer; give the third
degree; put to the inquisition; dodge|!. catechize. require an answer;
pick the brains of, suck the brains of; feel the pulse. get the lay of
the land; see how the wind is blowing; put one's ear to the ground.
[intransitive] be in question &c. adj.; undergo examination. Adj.
inquiry &c. v.; inquisitive &c. (curious) 455; requisitive|,
requisitory[obs3]; catechetical[obs3], inquisitorial, analytic; in
search of, in quest of; on the lookout for, interrogative,
zetetic[obs3]; all searching. undetermined, untried, undecided; in
question, in dispute, in issue, in course of inquiry; under discussion,
under consideration, under investigation &c. n.; sub judice[Lat], moot,
proposed; doubtful &c. (uncertain) 475. Adv. what? why? wherefore?
whence? whither? where? quaere? how comes it[Lat], how happens it, how
is it? what is the reason? what's the matter, what's in the wind? what
on earth? when? who? nicht wahr?[Ger].
#462. Answer.—N. answer, response, reply, replication, riposte,
#
rejoinder, surrejoinder[obs3], rebutter, surrebutter[obs3], retort,
repartee; rescript, rescription[obs3]; antiphon[obs3], antiphony;
acknowledgment; password; echo; counter statement.
discovery &c. 480a; solution &c. (explanation) 522; rationale &c.
(cause) 153; clue &c. (indication) 550.
Oedipus; oracle &c. 513; return &c. (record) 551.
V. answer, respond, reply, rebut, retort, rejoin; give for answer,
return for answer; acknowledge, echo.
explain &c. (interpret) 522; solve &c. (unriddle) 522; discover
&c.
480a; fathom, hunt out &c. (inquire) 461; satisfy, set at rest,
determine.
Adj. answering &c. v.; responsive, respondent; conclusive.
Adv. because &c. (cause) 153; on the scent, on the right scent.
Int. eureka!
#463. Experiment.—N. experiment; essay &c. (attempt) 675; analysis
&c. (investigation) 461; screen; trial, tentative method, ttonnement.
verification, probation, experimentum crucis[Lat], proof,
(demonstration) 478; criterion, diagnostic, test, probe, crucial test,
acid test, litmus test. crucible, reagent, check, touchstone,
pix[obs3]; assay, ordeal; ring; litmus paper, curcuma paper[obs3],
turmeric paper; test tube; analytical instruments &c. 633. empiricism,
rule of thumb. feeler; trial balloon, pilot balloon, messenger balloon;
pilot engine; scout; straw to show the wind. speculation, random shot,
leap in the dark. analyzer, analyst, assayist[obs3]; adventurer;
experimenter, experimentist[obs3], experimentalist; scientist,
engineer, technician. subject, experimentee[obs3], guinea pig,
experimental animal. [experimental method] protocol, experimental
method, blind experiment, double-blind experiment, controlled
experiment. poll, survey, opinion poll. epidemiological survey[Med],
retrospective analysis, retrospective survey, prospective survey,
prospective analysis; statistical analysis. literature search, library
research. tryout, audition. [results of experiment] discovery &c 480;
measurement &c. 466; evidence &c. 467. [reasoning about an experiment]
deduction, induction, abduction. V. experiment; essay &c. (endeavor)
675; try, try out, assay; make an experiment, make a trial of; give a
trial to; put on trial, subject to trial; experiment upon; rehearse;
put to the test, bring to the test, submit to the test, submit to the
proof; prove, verify, test, touch, practice upon, try one's strength;
road-test, test drive, take for a spin; test fly. grope; feel one's
way, grope for one's way; fumble, ttonner, aller ttons[Fr], put out a
feeler, throw out a feeler; send up a trial balloon, send up a pilot
balloon; see how the land lies, get the lay of the land, test the
waters, feel out, sound out, take the pulse, see, check, check
out[coll.], see how the wind blows; consult the barometer; feel the
pulse; fish for, bob for; cast for, beat about for; angle, trawl, cast
one's net, beat the bushes. try one's fortune &c. (adventure) 675;
explore &c. (inquire) 461. Adj. experimental, empirical. probative,
probatory[obs3], probationary, provisional; analytic, docimastic[obs3];
tentative;unverified, unproven, speculative, untested. Adv. on trial,
under examination, on probation, under probation, on one's trial, on
approval. Phr. check it out, give it a try, see how it goes; "Run it up
the flagpole and see who salutes."
#464. Comparison.—N. comparison, collation, contrast;
#
identification; comparative estimate, relative estimate, relativity.
simile, similitude, analogy (similarity) 17; allegory &c.
(metaphor)
521.
matching, pattern-matching.
[quantitative comparison] ratio, proportion (number) 84.
[results of comparison] discrimination 465; indiscrimination
465a[obs3]; identification 465b.
V. compare to, compare with; collate, confront; place side by
side,
juxtapose &c. (near) 197; set against one another, pit against one
another;
contrast, balance.
identify, draw a parallel, parallel.
compare notes; institute a comparison; parva componere
magnis[Lat]..
Adj. comparative; metaphorical &c. 521.
compared with &c. v.; comparable; judged by comparison.
Adv. relatively &c. (relation) 9; as compared with &c. v.
Phr. comparisons are odious; "comparisons are odorous" [Much Ado
about Nothing].
#464a. Incomparability [Lack of comparison]—N. incomparability;
#
incommensurability; indistinguishablility &c. 465a.
Adj. incommensurable, incommensurate; incomparable; different
&c.15.
Phr. like apples and oranges; no basis for comparison; no standard
for
comparison.
#465. [results of comparison. 1] Discrimination.—N. discrimination,
distinction, differentiation, diagnosis, diorism[obs3]; nice
perception; perception of difference, appreciation of difference;
estimation &c. 466; nicety, refinement; taste &c. 850; critique,
judgment; tact; discernment &c. (intelligence) 498; acuteness,
penetration; nuances. dope*, past performances. V. discriminate,
distinguish, severalize[obs3]; recognize, match, identify; separate;
draw the line, sift; separate the chaff from the wheat, winnow the
chaff from the wheat; separate the men from the boys; split hairs, draw
a fine line, nitpick, quibble. estimate &c. (measure) 466; know which
is which, know what is what, know "a hawk from a handsaw" [Hamlet].
take into account, take into consideration; give due weight to, allow
due weight to; weigh carefully. Adj. discriminating &c. v.;
dioristic[obs3], discriminative, distinctive; nice. Phr. il y a fagots
et fagots; rem acu tetigisti[Lat][obs3]; la critique est aisee et l'art
est difficile [Fr]; miles apart; a distinction without a difference.
#465a. [results of comparison. 2] Indiscrimination.—N.
#
indiscrimination[obs3], indistinguishability; indistinctness,
indistinction[obs3]; uncertainty &c. (doubt) 475; incomparability &c.
464a.
V. not discriminate &c. 465; overlook &c. (neglect) 460 a
distinction:
confound, confuse.
Adj. indiscriminate; undistinguished|!, indistinguishable,
undistinguishable[obs3]; unmeasured; promiscuous, undiscriminating.
Phr. valeat quantum valere potest[Lat.].
#465b. [results of comparison. 3] Identification.—N. identification,
recognition, diagnosis, match; apperception, assimilation;
dereplication; classification; memory &c. 505; interpretation &c. 522;
cognizance (knowledge) 490. V. identify, recognize, match, match up;
classify; recall, remember &c. (memory) 505; find similarity
(similarity) 17; put in its proper place, put in its proper niche,
place in order (arrangement) 60.
#466. Measurement.—N. measurement, admeasurement[obs3],
mensuration, survey, valuation, appraisement, assessment, assize;
estimate, estimation; dead reckoning, reckoning &c. (numeration) 85;
gauging &c. v.; horse power. metrology, weights and measures, compound
arithmetic. measure, yard measure, standard, rule, foot rule, compass,
calipers; gage, gauge; meter, line, rod, check; dividers; velo[obs3].
flood mark, high water mark; Plimsoll line; index &c. 550. scale;
graduation, graduated scale; nonius[obs3]; vernier &c. (minuteness)
193. [instruments for measuring] bathometer, galvanometer, heliometer,
interferometer, odometer, ombrometer[obs3], pantometer[obs3],
pluviometer[obs3], pneumatometer[obs3], pneumometer[obs3], radiometer,
refractometer, respirometer, rheometer, spirometer[obs3], telemeter,
udometer[obs3], vacuometer[obs3], variometer[obs3], viameter[obs3],
thermometer, thermistor (heat &c. 382), barometer (air &c. 338),
anemometer (wind 349), dynamometer, goniometer (angle 244) meter;
landmark &c. (limit) 233; balance, scale &c. (weight) 319;
marigraph[obs3], pneumatograph[obs3], stethograph[obs3]; rain gauge,
rain gage; voltmeter(volts), ammeter(amps); spectrophotometer (light
absorbance); mass spectrophotometer(molecular mass); geiger counter,
scintillation counter(radioactivity); pycnometer (liquid density);
graduated cylinder, volumetric flask (volume); radar gun (velocity);
radar (distance); side-looking radar (shape, topography); sonar (depth
in water); light meter (light intensity); clock, watch, stopwatch,
chronometer (time); anemometer (wind velocity); densitometer (color
intensity). measurability, computability, determinability[obs3].
coordinates, ordinate and abscissa, polar coordinates, latitude and
longitude, declination and right ascension, altitude and azimuth.
geometry, stereometry[obs3], hypsometry[obs3]; metage[obs3]; surveying,
land surveying; geodesy, geodetics[obs3], geodesia[obs3];
orthometry[obs3], altimetry[obs3]; cadastre[Fr]. astrolabe, armillary
sphere[obs3]. land surveyor; geometer. V. measure, mete; determine,
assay; evaluate, value, assess, rate, appraise, estimate, form an
estimate, set a value on; appreciate; standardize. span, pace step;
apply the compass &c. n.; gauge, plumb, probe, sound, fathom; heave the
log, heave the lead; survey. weigh. take an average &c. 29; graduate.
Adj. measuring &c. v.; metric, metrical; measurable, perceptible,
noticeable, detectable, appreciable, ponderable, determinable,
fathomable; geodetical, topographic, topographical, cartographic,
cartographical.
SECTION III. MATERIALS FOR REASONING
#467. Evidence [On one side.]—N. evidence; facts, premises, data,
praecognita[Lat], grounds. indication &c. 550; criterion &c. (test)
463. testimony, testification[obs3], expert testimony; attestation;
deposition &c. (affirmation) 535; examination. admission &c. (assent)
488; authority, warrant, credential, diploma, voucher, certificate,
doquet[obs3], docket; testamur[obs3]; record &c. 551; document; pi ce
justificative[obs3]; deed, warranty &c. (security) 771; signature, seal
&c. (identification) 550; exhibit, material evidence, objective
evidence. witness, indicator, hostile witness; eyewitness, earwitness,
material witness, state's evidence; deponent; sponsor; cojuror[obs3].
oral evidence, documentary evidence, hearsay evidence, external
evidence, extrinsic evidence, internal evidence, intrinsic evidence,
circumstantial evidence, cumulative evidence, ex parte evidence[Lat],
presumptive evidence, collateral evidence, constructive evidence; proof
&c. (demonstration) 478; evidence in chief. secondary evidence;
confirmation, corroboration, support; ratification &c. (assent) 488;
authentication; compurgation[obs3], wager of law, comprobation|.
citation, reference; legal research, literature search (experiment)
463.
V. be evidence &c. n.; evince, show, betoken, tell of; indicate
&c. (denote) 550; imply, involve, argue, bespeak, breathe. have
weight, carry weight; tell, speak volumes; speak for itself &c.
(manifest) 525. rest upon, depend upon; repose on. bear witness
&c. n.; give evidence &c. n.; testify, depose, witness, vouch for;
sign, seal, undersign[obs3], set one's hand and seal, sign and
seal, deliver as one's act and deed, certify, attest; acknowledge
&c. (assent) 488. [provide conclusive evidence] make absolute,
confirm, prove (demonstrate) 478. [add further evidence] indorse,
countersign, corroborate, support, ratify, bear out, uphold,
warrant. adduce, attest, cite, quote; refer to, appeal to; call,
call to witness; bring forward, bring into court; allege, plead;
produce witnesses, confront witnesses. place into evidence, mark
into evidence. [obtain evidence] collect evidence, bring together
evidence, rake up evidence; experiment &c. 463. have a case, make
out a case; establish, authenticate, substantiate, verify, make
good, quote chapter and verse; bring home to, bring to book. Adj.
showing &c. v.; indicative, indicatory; deducible &c. 478;
grounded on, founded on, based on; corroborative, confirmatory.
Adv. by inference; according to, witness, a fortiori; still more,
still less; raison de plus[Fr]; in corroboration &c. n. of; valeat
quantum[Lat]; under seal, under one's hand and seal. Phr. dictum
de dicto[Lat]; mise en evidence[Fr.].
#468. [Evidence on the other side, on the other hand.] Counter
Evidence.—N. counter evidence; evidence on the other side, evidence on
the other hand; conflicting evidence, contradictory evidence, opposing
evidence; disproof, refutation &c. 479; negation &c. 536. plea &c.
617; vindication &c. 937 counter protest; "tu quoque" argument; other
side of the shield, other side of the coin, reverse of the shield. V.
countervail, oppose; mitigate against; rebut &c. (refute) 479; subvert
&c. (destroy) 162; cheek, weaken; contravene; contradict &c. (deny)
536; tell the other side of the story, tell another story, turn the
scale, alter the case; turn the tables; cut both ways; prove a
negative. audire alteram partem[Lat]. Adj. countervailing &c. v.;
contradictory. unattested, unauthenticated, unsupported by evidence;
supposititious. Adv. on the contrary, per contra.
#469. Qualification.—N. qualification, limitation, modification,
#
coloring.
allowance, grains of allowance, consideration, extenuating
circumstances; mitigation.
condition, proviso, prerequisite, contingency, stipulation,
provision,
specification, sine qua non[Lat]; catch, string, strings attached;
exemption; exception, escape clause, salvo, saving clause; discount &c.
813; restriction; fine print.
V. qualify, limit, modify, leaven, give a color to, introduce new
conditions, narrow, temper.
waffle, quibble, hem and haw (be uncertain) 475; equivocate
(sophistry) 477.
depend, depend on, be contingent on (effect) 154.
allow for, make allowance for; admit exceptions, take into
account;
modulate.
moderate, temper, season, leaven.
take exception.
Adj. qualifying &c. v.; qualified, conditioned, restricted,
hedged;
conditional; exceptional &c. (unconformable) 83.
hypothetical &c. (supposed) 514; contingent &c. (uncertain) 475.
Adv. provided, provided that, provided always; if, unless, but,
yet;
according as; conditionally, admitting, supposing; on the supposition
of
&c. (theoretically) 514; with the understanding, even, although,
though,
for all that, after all, at all events.
approximately &c. 197, 17; in a limited degree (smallness) 32;
somewhat, sort of, something like that, to a certain extent, to a
degree,
in a sense, so to speak.
with grains of allowance, cum grano salis[Latin: with a grain of
salt]; exceptis excipiendis[Lat]; wind and weather permitting; if
possible
&c. 470.
subject to, conditioned upon; with this proviso &c. n.
Phr. "if the good lord is willing and the creeks don't rise";
catch-22.
_Degrees of Evidence_
#470. Possibility.—N. possibility, potentiality; what may be, what
#
is possible &c. adj.; compatibility &c. (agreement) 23.
practicability, feasibility; practicableness &c. adj.
contingency, chance &c. 156.
V. be possible &c. adj.; stand a chance; admit of, bear.
render possible &c. adj.; put in the way of.
Adj. possible; in the cards, on the dice; in posse, within the
bounds
of possibility, conceivable, credible; compatible &c. 23; likely.
practicable, feasible, performable, achievable; within reach,
within
measurable distance; accessible, superable[obs3], surmountable;
attainable,
obtainable; contingent &c. (doubtful) 475, (effect) 154.
barely possible, marginally possible, just possible; possible but
improbably, (improbable) 473; theoretically possible.
Adv. possibly, by possibility; perhaps, perchance, peradventure;
maybe, may be, haply, mayhap.
if possible, wind and weather permitting, God willing, Deo
volente[Lat], D. V.; as luck may have it.
Phr. misericordia Domini inter pontem et fontent[Lat]; "the
glories
of the Possible are ours" [B. Taylor]; anything is possible; in theory
possible, but in practise unlikely.
#471. Impossibility.—N. impossibility &c. adj.; what cannot, what
can never be; sour grapes; hopelessness &c. 859. V. be impossible &c.
adj.; have no chance whatever. attempt impossibilities; square the
circle, wash a blackamoor white; skin a flint; make a silk purse out of
a sow's ear, make bricks without straw; have nothing to go upon; weave
a rope of sand, build castles in the air, prendre la lune avec les
dents[Fr], extract sunbeams from cucumbers, set the Thames on fire,
milk a he-goat into a sieve, catch a weasel asleep, rompre l'anguille
au genou[Fr], be in two places at once. Adj. impossible; not possible
&c. 470; absurd, contrary to reason; unlikely; unreasonable &c. 477;
incredible &c. 485; beyond the bounds of reason, beyond the bounds of
possibility, beyond the realm of possibility; from which reason
recoils; visionary; inconceivable &c. (improbable) 473; prodigious &c.
(wonderful) 870; unimaginable, inimaginable[obs3]; unthinkable.
impracticable unachievable; unfeasible, infeasible; insuperable;
unsurmountable[obs3], insurmountable; unattainable, unobtainable; out
of reach, out of the question; not to be had, not to be thought of;
beyond control; desperate &c. (hopeless) 859; incompatible &c. 24;
inaccessible, uncomeatable[obs3], impassable, impervious,
innavigable[obs3], inextricable; self-contradictory. out of one's
power, beyond one's power, beyond one's depth, beyond one's reach,
beyond one's grasp; too much for; ultra crepidam[Lat]. Phr. the grapes
are sour; non possumus[Lat]; non nostrum tantas componere lites
[Lat][Vergil]; look for a needle in a haystack, chercher une aiguille
dans une botte de foin [obs3][Fr.]; il a le mer boire[obs3].
#472. Probability.—N. probability, likelihood; credibleness[obs3];
likeliness &c. adj.; vraisemblance[Fr], verisimilitude, plausibility;
color, semblance, show of; presumption; presumptive evidence,
circumstantial evidence; credibility. reasonable chance, fair chance,
good chance, favorable chance, reasonable prospect, fair prospect, good
prospect, favorable prospect; prospect, wellgrounded hope; chance &c.
156. V. be probable &c. adj.; give color to, lend color to; point to;
imply &c. (evidence) 467; bid fair &c. (promise) 511; stand fair for;
stand a good chance, run a good chance. think likely, dare say, flatter
oneself; expect &c. 507; count upon &c. (believe) 484. Adj. probable,
likely, hopeful, to be expected, in a fair way. plausible, specious,
ostensible, colorable, ben trovato[It], well- founded, reasonable,
credible, easy of belief, presumable, presumptive, apparent. Adv.
probably &c. adj.; belike[obs3]; in all probability, in all likelihood;
very likely, most likely; like enough; odds on, odds in favor, ten &c.
to one; apparently, seemingly, according to every reasonable
expectation; prim facie[Lat]; to all appearance &c. (to the eye) 448.
Phr. the chances, the odds are; appearances are in favor of, chances
are in favor of; there is reason to believe, there is reason to think,
there is reason to expect; I dare say; all Lombard Street to a China
orange.
#473. Improbability.—N. improbability, unlikelihood; unfavorable
chance, bad chance, ghost of a chance, little chance, small chance,
poor chance, scarcely any chance, no chance; bare possibility; long
odds; incredibility &c. 485. V. be improbable &c. adj.; have a small
chance &c. n. Adj. improbable, unlikely, contrary to all reasonable
expectation; wild, far out, out of sight, outtasight, heavy [all
coll.]. rare &c. (infrequent) 137; unheard of, inconceivable;
unimaginable, inimaginable[obs3]; incredible &c. 485; more than
doubtful; strange, bizarre (uncomformable) 83. Phr. the chances are
against; aquila non capit muscas[Lat]; pedir peras pal olmo[Lat].
#474. Certainty.—N. certainty; necessity &c. 601; certitude,
surety, assurance; dead certainty, moral certainty; infallibleness &c.
adj.; infallibility, reliability; indubitableness, inevitableness,
unquestionableness[obs3]. gospel, scripture, church, pope, court of
final appeal; res judicata[Lat], ultimatum positiveness; dogmatism,
dogmatist, dogmatizer; doctrinaire, bigot, opinionist[obs3], Sir
Oracle; ipse dixit[Lat]. fact; positive fact, matter of fact; fait
accompli[Fr]. V. be certain &c. adj.; stand to reason. render certain
&c. adj.; insure, ensure, assure; clinch, make sure; determine, decide,
set at rest, "make assurance double sure" [Macbeth]; know &c. (believe)
484. dogmatize, lay down the law. Adj. certain, sure, assured &c. v.;
solid, well-founded. unqualified, absolute, positive, determinate,
definite, clear, unequivocal, categorical, unmistakable, decisive,
decided, ascertained. inevitable, unavoidable, avoidless[obs3];
ineluctable. unerring, infallible; unchangeable &c. 150; to be depended
on, trustworthy, reliable, bound. unimpeachable, undeniable,
unquestionable; indisputable, incontestable, incontrovertible,
indubitable; irrefutable &c. (proven) 478; conclusive, without power of
appeal. indubious[obs3]; without doubt, beyond a doubt, without a shade
or shadow of doubt, without question, beyond question; past dispute;
clear as day; beyond all question, beyond all dispute; undoubted,
uncontested, unquestioned, undisputed; questionless[obs3], doubtless.
authoritative, authentic, official. sure as fate, sure as death and
taxes, sure as a gun. evident, self-evident, axiomatic; clear, clear as
day, clear as the sun at noonday. Adv. certainly &c. adj.; for certain,
certes[Lat], sure, no doubt, doubtless, and no mistake, flagrante
delicto[Lat], sure enough, to be sure, of course, as a matter of
course, a coup sur, to a certainty; in truth &c. (truly) 494; at any
rate, at all events; without fail; coute que coute[Fr], coute qu'il
coute[Fr]; whatever may happen, if the worst come to the worst; come
what may, happen what may, come what will; sink or swim; rain or shine.
Phr. cela va sans dire[Fr]; there is -no question, - not a shadow of
doubt; the die is cast &c. (necessity) 601; "facts are stubborn things"
[Smollett].
#475. Uncertainty.—N. uncertainty, incertitude, doubt; doubtfulness
&c. adj.; dubiety, dubitation[obs3], dubitancy|, dubitousness[obs3].
hesitation, suspense; perplexity, embarrassment, dilemma, bewilderment;
timidity &c. (fear) 860; vacillation &c. 605; diaporesis[obs3],
indetermination. vagueness &c. adj.; haze, fog; obscurity &c.
(darkness) 421; ambiguity &c. (double meaning) 520; contingency,
dependence, dependency, double contingency, possibility upon a
possibility; open question &c. (question) 461; onus probandi[Lat];
blind bargain, pig in a poke, leap in the dark, something or other;
needle in a haystack, needle in a bottle of hay; roving commission.
precariousness &c. adj.; fallibility. V. be uncertain &c. adj.; wonder
whether. lose the clue, lose the clew, scent; miss one's way. not know
what to make of &c. (unintelligibility) 519, not know which way to
turn, not know whether one stands on one's head or one's heels; float
in a sea of doubt,hesitate, flounder; lose oneself, lose one's head;
muddle one's brains. render uncertain &c. adj.; put out, pose, puzzle,
perplex, embarrass; confuse, confound; bewilder, bother, molder, addle
the wits, throw off the scent, ambiguas in vulgus spargere voces[Lat];
keep in suspense. doubt &c. (disbelieve) 485; hang in the balance,
tremble in the balance; depend. Adj. uncertain; casual; random &c.
(aimless) 621; changeable &c. 149. doubtful, dubious; indecisive;
unsettled, undecided, undetermined; in suspense, open to discussion;
controvertible; in question &c. (inquiry) 461. vague; indeterminate,
indefinite; ambiguous, equivocal; undefined, undefinable; confused &c.
(indistinct) 447; mystic, oracular; dazed. perplexing &c. v.;
enigmatic, paradoxical, apocryphal, problematical, hypothetical;
experimental &c. 463. unpredictable, unforeseeable (unknowable) 519.
fallible, questionable, precarious, slippery, ticklish, debatable,
disputable; unreliable, untrustworthy. contingent, contingent on,
dependent on; subject to; dependent on circumstances; occasional;
provisional. unauthentic, unauthenticated, unauthoritative;
unascertained, unconfirmed; undemonstrated; untold, uncounted. in a
state of uncertainty, in a cloud, in a maze; bushed, off the track;
ignorant.&c. 491; afraid to say; out of one's reckoning, astray,
adrift; at sea, at fault, at a loss, at one's wit's end, at a nonplus;
puzzled &c. v.; lost, abroad, dsorient; distracted, distraught. Adv.
pendente lite[Lat]; sub spe rati[Lat]. Phr. Heaven knows; who can tell?
who shall decide when doctors disagree? ambiguas in vulgum spargere
voces[Lat].
SECTION IV. REASONING PROCESSES
#476. Reasoning,—N. {ant. 477} reasoning, ratiocination, rationalism;
dialectics, induction, generalization. discussion, comment;
ventilation; inquiry &c. 461. argumentation, controversy, debate;
polemics, wrangling; contention &c. 720 logomachy[obs3]; disputation,
disceptation[obs3]; paper war. art of reasoning, logic. process of
reasoning, train of reasoning, chain of reasoning; deduction,
induction, abduction; synthesis, analysis. argument; case,
plaidoyer[obs3], opening; lemma, proposition, terms, premises,
postulate, data, starting point, principle; inference &c. (judgment)
480. prosyllogism[obs3], syllogism; enthymeme[obs3], sorites[obs3],
dilemma, perilepsis[obs3], a priori reasoning, reductio ad absurdum,
horns of a dilemma, argumentum ad hominem [Lat.], comprehensive
argument; empirema[obs3], epagoge[obs3]. [person who reasons] reasoner,
logician, dialectician; disputant; controversialist,
controvertist[obs3]; wrangler, arguer, debater polemic, casuist,
rationalist; scientist; eristic[obs3]. logical sequence; good case;
correct just reasoning, sound reasoning, valid reasoning, cogent
reasoning, logical reasoning, forcible reasoning, persuasive reasoning,
persuasory reasoning[obs3], consectary reasoning|, conclusive &c. 478;
subtle reasoning; force of argument, strong point, strong argument,
persuasive argument. arguments, reasons, pros and cons. V. reason,
argue, discuss, debate, dispute, wrangle- argufy[obs3], bandy words,
bandy arguments; chop logic; hold an argument, carry on an argument;
controvert &c. (deny) 536; canvass; comment upon, moralize upon;
spiritualize; consider &c. (examine) 461. open a discussion, open a
case; try conclusions; join issue, be at issue; moot; come to the
point; stir a question, agitate a question, ventilate a question,
torture a question; take up a side, take up a case. contend, take one's
stand upon, insist, lay stress on; infer &c. 480. follow from &c.
(demonstration) 478. Adj. reasoning &c. v.; rationalistic;
argumentative, controversial, dialectic, polemical; discursory[obs3],
discursive; disputatious; Aristotelian[obs3], eristic[obs3],
eristical[obs3]. debatable, controvertible. logical; relevant &c. 23.
Adv. for, because, hence, whence, seeing that, since, sith[obs3], then
thence so; for that reason, for this reason, for which reason; for as,
inasmuch as; whereas, ex concesso[Lat], considering, in consideration
of; therefore, wherefore; consequently, ergo, thus, accordingly; a
fortiori. in conclusion, in fine; finally, after all, au bout du
compt[Fr], on the whole, taking one thing with another. Phr. ab actu ad
posse valet consecutio [Lat]; per troppo dibatter la verita si perde
[It]; troppo disputare la verita fa errare [It].
#477. [The absence of reasoning.] Intuition. [False or vicious
reasoning; show of reason.] Sophistry.—N. intuition, instinct,
association, hunch, gut feeling; presentiment, premonition; rule of
thumb; superstition; astrology[obs3]; faith (supposition) 514.
sophistry, paralogy[obs3], perversion, casuistry, jesuitry,
equivocation, evasion; chicane, chicanery; quiddet[obs3], quiddity;
mystification; special pleading; speciousness &c. adj.; nonsense &c.
497; word sense, tongue sense. false reasoning, vicious reasoning,
circular reasoning; petitio principii[Lat], ignoratio elenchi[Lat];
post hoc ergo propter hoc[Lat]; non sequitur, ignotum per
ignotius[Lat]. misjudgment &c. 481; false teaching &c. 538. sophism,
solecism, paralogism[obs3]; quibble, quirk, elenchus[obs3],
elench[obs3], fallacy, quodlibet, subterfuge, subtlety, quillet[obs3];
inconsistency, antilogy[obs3]; "a delusion, a mockery, and a snare"
[Denman]; claptrap, cant, mere words; "lame and impotent conclusion"
[Othello]. meshes of sophistry, cobwebs of sophistry; flaw in an
argument; weak point, bad case. overrefinement[obs3]; hairsplitting &c.
v. V. judge intuitively, judge by intuition; hazard a proposition,
hazard a guess, talk at random. reason ill, falsely &c. adj.; misjudge
&c. 481; paralogize[obs3]. take on faith, take as a given; assume
(supposition) 514. pervert, quibble; equivocate, mystify, evade, elude;
gloss over, varnish; misteach &c. 538[obs3]; mislead &c. (error) 495;
cavil, refine, subtilize[obs3], split hairs; misrepresent &c. (lie)
544. beg the question, reason in a circle, reason in circles, assume
the conclusion. cut blocks with a razor, beat about the bush, play fast
and loose, play fast and loose with the facts, blow hot and cold, prove
that black is white and white black, travel out of the record, parler a
tort et a travers[Fr][obs3], put oneself out of court, not have a leg
to stand on. judge hastily, shoot from the hip, jump to conclusions
(misjudgment) 481. Adj. intuitive, instinctive, impulsive; independent
of reason, anterior to reason; gratuitous, hazarded; unconnected.
unreasonable, illogical, false, unsound, invalid; unwarranted, not
following; inconsequent, inconsequential; inconsistent; absonous|,
absonant[obs3]; unscientific; untenable, inconclusive, incorrect;
fallacious, fallible; groundless, unproved; non sequitur[Latin: it does
not follow]. deceptive, sophistical, jesuitical; illusive, illusory;
specious, hollow, plausible, ad captandum[Lat], evasive; irrelevant &c.
10. weak, feeble, poor, flimsy, loose, vague. irrational; nonsensical
&c. (absurd) 497. foolish &c. (imbecile) 499; frivolous, pettifogging,
quibbling; finespun[obs3], overrefined[obs3]. at the end of one's
tether, au bout de son latin. Adv. intuitively &c. adj.; by intuition;
illogically &c. adj. Phr. non constat[Lat]; that goes for nothing.