And was war of a woman wortheli yeclothed,
Purfiled with pelure[496] þe finest vpon erthe,
Y-crowned with a corone þe kyng hath none better.
Fetislich[497] hir fyngres were fretted[498] with gold wyre,
And þere-on red rubyes as red as any glede,[499]
And diamants of derrest pris, and double manere safferes,
Orientales and ewages[500] enuenymes[501] to destroye.
Among the rich gifts offered at the shrine of St. Erkinwald, in Old
Saint Paul’s, was a sapphire given in 1391 by Richard Preston, “a
citizen and grocer of London.” He stipulated that the stone should
be kept at the shrine for the cure of diseases of the eyes, and that
proclamation should be made of its remedial virtues. St. Erkinwald
was the son of Offa, King of the East Saxons, and was converted to
Christianity by Melittus, the first bishop of London. In 675 A.D. he
himself became bishop of London, being the third to attain that rank
after the death of Melittus. His body was interred in the cathedral,
and his shrine, which was richly embellished during the reign of Edward
III (1327-1377), received many valuable donations.[502]
The usefulness of the sapphire as an eyestone for the removal of all
impurities or foreign bodies from the eye is noted by Albertus Magnus,
who writes that he had seen it employed for this purpose. He adds that
when a sapphire was used in this way it should be dipped in cold water
both before and after the operation.[503] This was probably not so much
to make the stone colder to the touch as to cleanse it, certainly a
very necessary proceeding when the same stone was used by many persons
suffering from contagious diseases of the eyes.
Richard Preston’s sapphire appears to have been only one of a class
regarded as having special virtue to cure diseased eyes, as is shown
by the existence of various other similar sapphires in different parts
of Europe. It is not very easy to determine the precise reason—if
there be one—which rendered any single sapphire more useful than
another in this respect. An entry in the inventory of Charles V notes
“an oval Oriental sapphire for touching the eyes, set in a band of
gold.”[504] Possibly the fact that a particular gem of this kind was
used remedially, and was not set for wear as an ornament, may have been
the only cause for a belief in its special virtue.
That the sapphire should have been regarded as especially valuable
for the cure of eye diseases serves to illustrate the wide-reaching
and persistent influence of Egyptian thought, and the curious
transformations through which an originally reasonable idea may pass
in the course of time. We have already noted that the sapphire of the
ancients was our lapis-lazuli, and in the Ebers Papyrus lapis-lazuli
is given as one of the ingredients of an eye-wash. This ingredient is
believed to have originally been the oxide of copper sometimes called
lapis Armenus, a material possessing marked astringent properties, and
which might be used to advantage in certain morbid conditions of the
eye. Lapis-lazuli, another blue stone, was later substituted because
of its greater intrinsic value, its similarity of color rendering it
equally efficacious according to primitive ideas on this subject. When,
however, in medieval times, the name sapphire came to signify the blue
corundum gem known to us by this designation, the special curative
virtues of the lapis-lazuli were transferred to this still more
valuable stone.
The proper method of applying a sapphire to cure plague boils is given
at some length by Van Helmont. A gem of a fine, deep color was to be
selected and rubbed gently and slowly around the pestilential tumor.
During and immediately after this operation, the patient would feel
but little alleviation; but a good while after the removal of the
stone, favorable symptoms would appear, provided the malady were not
too far advanced. This Van Helmont attributes to a magnetic force in
the sapphire by means of which the absent gem continued to extract
“the pestilential virulency and contagious poyson from the infected
part.”[505]
Topaz
The use of a topaz to cure dimness of vision is strongly recommended
by St. Hildegard. To attain the desired end the stone was to be placed
in wine and left there for three days and three nights. When retiring
to sleep, the patient should rub his eyes with the moistened topaz, so
that this moisture lightly touched the eyeball. After the stone had
been removed, the wine could be used for five days.[506]
A Roman physician of the fifteenth century was reputed to have wrought
many wonderful cures of those stricken by the plague, through touching
the plague sores with a topaz which had belonged to two popes, Clement
VI and Gregory II. The fact that this particular topaz had been in the
hands of two supreme pontiffs must have added much to the faith reposed
in the curative powers of the stone by those upon whom it was used,
and this faith may really have helped to hasten their recovery.[507]
Bloodstone
A historical instance of the use of the bloodstone to check a
hemorrhage is recorded in the case of Giorgio Vasari (1514-1578), the
author of the lives of the Italian painters of the Renaissance period.
On a certain occasion, when the painter Luca Signorelli (1439-1521)
was placing one of his pictures in a church at Arezzo, Vasari, who was
present, was seized with a violent hemorrhage and fainted away. Without
a moment’s hesitation, Signorelli took from his pocket a bloodstone
amulet and slipped it down between Vasari’s shoulder-blades. The
hemorrhage is said to have ceased immediately.[508]
The bloodstone was used as a remedy by the Indians of New Spain, and
Monardes notes that they often cut the material into the shape of
hearts. This seems a very appropriate form for an object used to check
hemorrhages. The best effect was attained when the stone was first
dipped in cold water and then held by the patient in his right hand.
Of course the application of any cold object would serve to congeal
the blood, but the connection with the heart vanishes in the direction
to place the stone in the _right_ hand. Monardes states that both
Spaniards and Indians used the bloodstone in this way.[509]
The Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagun, a missionary to the Mexican
Indians, shortly after the Spanish Conquest, writes that in 1576 he
cured many natives who were at the point of death from hemorrhage, a
result of the plague, by causing them to hold in the hand a piece of
bloodstone. By this means he claims to have saved many lives.[510]
Robert Boyle, in his “Essay about the Origin and Virtues of Gems”
(London, 1672, pp. 177-78), tells of a gentleman of his acquaintance
who was “of a complexion extraordinary sanguin,” and was much afflicted
with bleeding of the nose. A gentlewoman sent to him a bloodstone,
directing him to wear it suspended from his neck, and from the time
he put it on he was no longer troubled with his malady. It recurred,
however, if he removed the stone. When Boyle objected that this might
be a result of imagination, his friend disposed of his objection by
relating the instance of a woman to whom the stone had been applied
when she was unconscious from loss of blood. Nevertheless, as soon as
it touched her, the flow of blood was checked. Boyle states that this
stone did not seem to him to resemble a true bloodstone. It may have
been that the cold of the stone congealed the blood, or that the flow
was checked by exhaustion.
Index
A
Aaron, 102, 277, 300, 310, 318
Abdul Hamid, Sultan, 139
Abraham, diamond of, 377
luminous stones in his city, 161, 276
Abrasax (Abraxas), 126-130
meaning of name, 127
Acrostics expressed with stones, 359-362
_Adamas_ (diamond?), 39, 95, 157, 163
of high-priest, 278
Adam’s Peak, Ceylon, gems from, 75
Adelbert, St., 164
Ælian, 161
Ætites, 34
Agalmatolite, 48
Agate, 51-54, 132, 236, 237, 265, 296, 305, 336
amulets in the Soudan, 54
amulets of, cut in Idar and Oberstein, 54
banded, 39, 233, 296
coral, for an air-ship, 53
eye-agates and “Aleppo Stones,” 39, 149, 150
gem of Gemini, 346
of Mercury, 350
of Venus, 349
in breastplate, 276
with veinings figuring diadem, 267
Agatharcides, 66
Agricola, Georgius, 141
Agrippa, Cornelius, 181, 335, 336
_Aḥlamah_, stone of breastplate, 297
Air-ship, with coral agate, 52, 53
Alabaster, 35, 36
Alaric, 283
“Albert,” “Le Grand,” “Le Petit,” treatises on stones, 18
Albertus Magnus, 7, 17, 68, 77, 78, 146, 387
Albite, 48
“Aleppo Stones,” 149
boil, 149
Alexander the Great, 68, 96, 125
Alexander II of Russia, 54
Alexandria, 125, 126, 130
Alexandrite, 54, 55
cat’s-eye, 334
Alfonso X, “Lapidario” of, 63, 348, 376
Alford, Henry, 304
Allanite, from Virginia, 366
Almandine garnet, 37, 59, 293
Amazonite, from Maine, 365
Amber, 34, 55-58
in deposits of Stone Age, 55, 57
in Mycenæ, 57
origin of, 55, 56
therapeutic effect of, 372
with initials naturally marked, 57, 58
Amboin, 62
American Museum of Nat. Hist., vi, vii, 219, 234, 249, 254
Amethyst, 37, 119, 134, 145, 237, 243, 244, 297, 303, 305, 336
as antidote to drunkenness, 58, 371
as symbol of St. Matthias, 313
gem of Jupiter, 348
of Pisces, 345
in breastplate, 276
legend of, 58, 59
ring of St. Valentine, 257
symbolism of, 269
Amulets, Alexandrian, 125-129
Assyrian, of seven stones, 230
attraction of astral influence to, 340
Burmese, 266
canon on, at Council of Laodicea, 42
Chinese, of five stones, 40
directions for preparing, 39
Egyptian, 38, 226-229
etymology of word, 22
for heart, 227-229
for horses, 130
Gnostic, 125-129
in Austro-Prussian War, 25
in Russo-Japanese War, 25
Japanese, called _magatama_, 265
Jewish, 43
of five stones, _pancharatna_, 241
of nine stones, _naoratna_, 241, 242-245
origin of, 19-24
sailors’, 38, 39
with head of Alexander the Great, 131
Amymone, image of, in emerald, 139, 140
Andalusite, 47
Andreas, bishop of Cæsarea, on apostles’ stones, 311, 313
Andromeda, image of, on gem, 140
Angels, 275
guardian of the months, 326-332
guardian, stones dedicated to, 339, 340
nine orders of, 314
twelve, 303
twelve guardian, 322
“Anne of Geierstein” and the opal, 143
_Anthrax_ (carbuncle), 162
Apocalyptic gems, significance of, 305
Apollonius of Tyana, seven rings of, 244
Apostles, lists of the twelve, 304
stones of, 303-306
Aquamarine (beryl), 299, 320
therapeutic effect of, 387
Aquarius, zodiacal sign of, 345, 353
Aquinas, St. Thomas, 17
Aragonite, 251
Aries, zodiacal sign, 341, 342, 345, 353
Aristotle, pseudo-, 160, 163
Arsinoë, wife of Ptolemy II, 67, 93
_Artemisia vulgaris_, 212
Artemidorus, 356, 357
Ashmole, Elias, 167
Assher, 289, 300
Asteria, 106, 107
Astral stones, 321, 338-363
fixed stars controlling, 351, 352
images of constellations on, 352-355
influence of stars on, 338, 339
Athene of Phidias, 167
Aubrey, John, 196
Augustine, St., 126, 282
Augustus, 342
Auto-suggestion, 3
Aventurine, 48
Axinite, 48
Azchalias of Babylon, 80
“Azoth” of Paracelsus, 6
Azur-malachite, from Arizona, 364
B
Babylonian axe-head, 233, 234
cylinders, 121-123, 204
Bacchus and Amethyst, 58, 59
Baccio, Andrea, 158
Bacon, Roger, 182, 183
Baelz, Dr. Erwin, 265
Balas-ruby, 64, 349
Ball, Dr. Valentine, 76
Baltic Coast, amber of the, 56
_Bareketh_, stone of breastplate, 291, 292
Barium sulphate, 9
Bartolomæus Anglicus, 91, 94, 104, 150
Basalt, 227
Basilides, 126, 129
Basilidian gems, 126-130
Batman, Stephen, 150
Bela IV of Hungary, emerald in ring of, 77, 78
Belgium, jet in cave deposits of, 92
Belisarius, 283
Belucci collection of worked jade at Perugia, 264
Belucci, Prof. Giuseppe, vii
Benitoite, from California, 364
Benjamin, 289, 297
Benoni, Rabbi, 72
Berenice, mother of Ptolemy II, 67
Berlin Museum, 36
Berthelot, Pierre Eugène Marcellin, 174
Beryl, 39, 59, 60, 119, 133, 134, 234, 236, 237, 299, 303, 305, 313,
320, 336
as symbol of St. Thomas, 312
gem of the moon, 348
of Scorpio, 347
in breastplate, 276
Bes, god, image of, 36
Bejazet II, 154
Bezoar, 340
Birth-stones, see _Natal Stones_
Black, Christian symbolism of, 273
in occult ritual, 336
symbolism of, 32
Black opal of New South Wales, 152
Blake, W. W., vii
Blessington, Countess of, verses on opal, 143
Bloodstone, 133
causing tempests, 60
checking hemorrhages, 28
figuring blood of Christ, 267
gem of Aries, 345
in Leyden papyrus, 61
therapeutic effect of, 370, 390, 391
Blue, Christian symbolism of, 273
gems in dreams, 357
significance of, 31
silver, worn in Siam for Friday; dark for Saturday, 335
Bologna stone, 168
Bondaroy, Jean de la Taille de, 5
Book of the Dead, 38, 86, 225, 227, 228, 229, 290, 297
Book of Wings, Ragiel’s, 132
Boot, Anselmus de, 56, 65, 106, 109, 110, 271
Borgia, Card. Stefano, 234
Borneo, breeding pearls in, 42
Boyle, Robert, 169, 170, 171, 391
Braddock, Dr. Charles, vii
Breastplate of high-priest, 16, 120, 231, 307, 308, 309, 310, 319
stones of, 275-302
names of, in ancient lists, 301
probable modern names of, 301
Breastplate of Judgment, 16
Buddha, 238
Buddhabhatta, 71, 73
Budge, Dr. Ernest A. Wallis, vii, 227
Burgh, Hubert de, 44
Burke, Capt. John G., 202
Burma, amulets of, 266
Burton, Sir Richard Francis, star-sapphire of, 106
C
Cæsar, Julius, 341
Cagliostro (Giuseppe Balsamo), 198
Cairo Museum, 38, 201, 297
Calamine, religious use of, 271, 272
Calculus, renal, curious poem on, 384
California Midwinter Mem. Mus., San Francisco, vi
Californite, 323
_Callais_, 108
Cancer, zodiacal sign, 346, 354
Canrobert, Marshal, faith in amulets, 25
Cantimpré, Thomas de, 17, 59
Capricorn, zodiacal sign, 342, 347
Carbuncle, 33, 39, 145, 162, 168, 174, 243, 292, 305, 343, 357, 372
as symbol of Christ’s sacrifice, 61
brought by serpent, 62
gem of Venus, 348
in breastplate, 276
_Carcinia_, 34
Cardano, Girolamo, 52, 70, 78, 83, 98, 151, 160, 264
Carnelian, 6, 36, 37, 119, 124, 133, 226, 227, 229, 265, 290, 291, 319
Arabic inscription on, 63
engraved with zodiacal signs, 341
figures engraved in, by Israelites, 120
gem of Virgo, 346
of the Sun and Venus, 348
Goethe’s praise of, 62
identified with _odem_-stone of breastplate, 120
Mohammed’s seal-ring of, 64
Napoleon’s seal of, 64
Oriental use against envy, 63
therapeutic effect of, 370
Carrington, Hereward, vii
Catherine de’ Medici, girdle of, set with talismanic stones, 317
Cat’s-eye, 65, 238, 242, 243, 244
alexandrite, 334
chrysoberyl, 333
quartz, 334
Cellini, Benvenuto, 154
Celonite, 134
_Ceraunia_, 34, 134, 162
Cernowitz, Hungary, opals of, 148
Cethel, 140
Ceylon, 54, 65, 75, 165, 252, 324
_Chalazia_ (rock-crystal), 34
Chalcedony, 39, 65, 122, 134, 265, 303, 305, 313, 372
as symbol of St. Andrew, 312
gem of Capricorn, 347
_Chalchiuhatl_, “water of precious stones,” in Aztec, 40
_Chalchiuitl_ (jadeite?), 247, 251
Charles I of England, 262
Charles V of France, 388
Charles V of Germany and the turquoise, 24
Charles XII of Sweden, 57
Chau Ju-Kua, 165
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 43
_Chelonites_, 34
Chiastolite (macle) as religious symbol, 270
therapeutic effect of, 270
Childeric, crystal ball of, 219-221
Chinese amulets, 40, 84-87
Chin T’sang Khi, of loadstone, 95
Chirocrates, 93
Chlorastrolite, from Minnesota, 365
Chlorophane, luminescence of, 172, 173
Christ, blood of, figured in bloodstone, 267
colors symbolical of his sacrifice, 274
foundation stones symbols of, 313
head of, naturally figured in quartz, 267, 268
natural images of, in stones, 266, 267, 268, 269
sacrifice of, symbolized by amethyst, 269
Chromium oxide, 10
Chrysoberyl, 54, 65, 313
cat’s-eye, 333
Chrysolampis, 164
Chrysolite, 29, 133, 291, 297, 303, 305
as symbol of St. Bartholomew, 312
from the “Serpent Isle,” 66
gem of Libra, 346
of the Sun, 347
in Cologne Cathedral, 66
statue of Arsinoë in, 67
Chrysoprase, 11, 37, 67, 265, 303, 305, 313, 316, 319
as symbol of St. Thaddeus, 312
of Alexander the Great, 68
Chrysostom, John, 125
Cicero, his daughter’s emerald, 31
Claudian, 94
Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de, 266
Cleandro, Arnobio, 165, 372
Clemens Alexandrinus, 309
Clement VI, 389
Clement VII, 342, 378
Clerc, Dr. G. O., vii
Cock, the, on amulets, 137
Cologne, chrysolites in cathedral of, 66
Color, Christian symbolism of, 273, 274
of gems and vestments for each day of the week in Siam, 335
symbolism of, 29-33
therapeutic effect of, 27-29, 33, 370
Confucius and musical jade, 87
Consecration of precious stones, 44, 45
Constantine, King of Greece, star-sapphire in sword-hilt of, 334
Constantine the Great, 136, 286, 373
Constellations, symbols of, in engraved gems, 352-355
Coral, 40, 68, 69, 236, 237, 238, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246
gem of Venus, 348
red, superstition in regard to, explained, 160, 161
therapeutic effect of, 372
Cornelius à Lapide (Van den Steen), 280
Corundum, 39, 252, 344, 372
Council of Laodicea, canon on amulets, 42
Countries, gem of, 363, 364
Crocidolite (Krokidolite), 360
Cronstedt, Axel Frederic, 271
Crookes, Sir William, 172
Cross, monogrammatic, 136
of Christ, found by St. Helena, 286
Crusades, 66
_Crux ansata_, 135
Crystal ball, called “Currahmore Crystal,” 223
from Madagascar, 217
in Grüne Gewölbe, Dresden, 223
in sepulchres, 219-222
Japanese, 217, 218
of Childeric, 219-221
Crystal gazing, 176-224
Ctesiphon, sack of, 284, 285
“Currahmore Crystal,” 223
Cyanite, 49
_Cyanus_, 119
Cylinders, Assyro-Babylonian, 121-123, 204
“Cyrianides,” Greek treatise on stones, 16
D
Damigeron, 15, 90, 104, 132, 140, 141
Damour, A., vii
Dan, 289, 297
Days of the week, ritual gems worn in occult ceremony, 336
gems of the, 332, 333
Dee, Dr. John, 189-196
Delhi, 79
Demantoid, 49
Dendrite, 360
Diamond, 10, 28, 32, 69-76, 234, 236, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 269,
280, 281, 294, 344, 348, 375
as natal stone, 308, 320
breeding, 41, 72
combustion of, 71
“Diamond Throne,” 238
_elmêshu_ in Assyrian (?), 231
gem of reconciliation, 70
of the Sun, 349
of Winter, 323, 326, 327
in breastplate, 276
medicinal use of, 153
names of Hindu castes given to, 71, 73
paleness sign of infidelity, 157
Sanskrit names of, 343
secured by birds, 75, 176
symbolism of, 235
talismanic effect of various shapes of, 154
Talmudic legend of, 74
therapeutic effect of, 386-389
used as poison, Bejazet II, Paracelsus, Cellini,
Sir Thomas Overbury, 154-156
“Diamond Throne,” 238
Diana and Amethyst, 59
Diaspore, 47
Didius Julianus, Emperor, 178
Diodorus, Bishop of Tyre, 16
Diodorus Siculus, 66, 298
Dionysius Periegetes, 298
Dioptase, gem of the Congo, 363
Dioskorides, Greek gem-engraver, 342
Disease in precious stones, 5
Dolce, Ludovico, 18
Domitian, 341
_Donnerkeil_, 162
Draper, Mrs. Henry, vii
Dreams, books of, ancient, 356, 357
meaning of precious stones seen in, 356-358
E
Ebers Papyrus, 367, 368, 388
_Echites_, 34
Edda, 146
Edward III of England, 387
Edward VI of England, 98
Egmund Abbey, luminous stone of, 164
Elæolite, 47
Electrum, 37, 295
Elizabeth, Queen of England, 150, 189, 374
Elizabeth, St., 268
luminous stone in shrine of, 165
ring of, 165
Emerald, 28, 34, 68, 76-79, 90, 132, 145, 234, 236, 237, 238, 240,
242, 280, 293, 303, 305, 313, 336, 349, 372
as burnt offering, 255
as symbol of St. John, 312
blinding of serpent by, 158
engraved, of Ismenias, 139, 140
gem of Cancer, 346
of Jupiter, 348
of Spring, 323, 324
in breastplate, 276
in Revelation, 304
luminous, in tomb of Hermias, 167
of Isabella da Este, 31
of Mt. Zabara, Nubia, 292, 324
of Otho I of Germany, 260
of Tullia, 31
one adored by ancient Peruvians, 247, 248
(supposed) cup in Genoa, 258, 259
therapeutic effect of, 370, 375, 379-382
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 24
Engraved gems as talismans, 115-142
Envy, Oriental use of carnelian against, 63
Ephod of high-priest, 276, 277
Ephraim, 288, 289
Epidote, 360
Epiphanius, St., 16, 67, 157, 278, 295, 311, 313
Epitaphs illustrating symbolism of gems, 272, 273
Erasmus, Desiderius, 34
Eridanus, 56
Essonite, 359
Euclase, 47
Euphrates, 68
Europa, 33
Eusebius, 373
Evax, 15, 59
Evil Eye, 39, 42, 54, 72, 106, 107, 137, 138, 139, 148, 150
Eye-agates, 39, 149, 150
Ezekiel, 231, 275, 314
F
Farrington, Dr. Oliver C., vii
Fay, Mons du, 170, 171
Feavearyear, A. W., vii
_Feits’ui_ (Imperial jade), 83, 85
Feldspar, 229, 292
Ferez, Dr. Paul, 33
Fetichism, 19, 26, 37
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, vi, 51, 66
Fire-opal, 47
Flint, Dr. Earle, 86
Fluorescence, 169-174
Fluorspar, 9, 67
Foundation stones, 307, 310-314, 316, 317
associated with apostles, 303-306
with Twelve Tribes, 314
Fowlerite, from New Jersey, 365
Francis I of France, 342
Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia, 57
G
Gabelchover, Wolfgang, 158, 380
Gad, 289, 299
Gadolinite, 49
Gagates, 49
Galactides, 49
Galen, 300, 376, 385
_Galopetræ_, Cretan seals, 123
Garcias ab Orta, 153, 166, 167
Garnets, 265, 316
almandine, 37, 59, 293
as bullets, 33
engraved, 133
gem of Aquarius, 345
therapeutic effect of, 370
Gem-city of Dwaraka, 236
of Kusavati, 236
described by Lucian, 237
Gemini, zodiacal sign, 346, 354, 355
“Gemma Augustea” of Vienna Collection, 342
Genlis, Mme. de, of “Le Saphire Merveilleux,” 105
George V of England, 288
_Geranites_, 34
Gesner, Conrad, 252, 259
Gesta Romanorum, 35
Gimma, Giacinto, 29
Glanvil, Joseph, 197
Gnostic gems, 126-130
Goethe, Wolfgang von, 62, 187
Gomara, Francisco Lopez de, 254
Gonelli, Giuseppe, 65, 379
Gonzaga da Este, Isabella, emerald of, 31
Goodrich-Freer, Miss, 208, 209
Gratacap, Dr. L. P., vii
Green, Christian symbolism of, 273
curative effects of, 28
gems in dreams, 357
significance of, 31, 226, 227
stones, therapeutic effect of, 370
worn in Siam for Thursday, 335
Green, Miss Belle Da Costa, vii
Gregory II, 389
Grossularite, 47
Gyges, ring of, 7
Gypsum, 10, 79, 80
“lucky stones” of, 80
H
_Han-yü_, or “mouth jade,” 86
Hardouin, Jean, 128
Harlequin-opal, 49
Hauffe, Frederike, 9
Hecate, image of, in amulet, 40
Hector, 30
Hei-tiki of New Zealand, 87-90
Helena, St., 286
Heliades, 55
Heliodor, 49
Heliotrope, 47
Helmont, Van, 389
Hematite, 6, 38, 80, 81, 122, 218, 227
Henrietta Maria, 262
Henry III of England, 44
Henry II of France, 166
Heuen Tsang, 238
Heraclius, 286
Hermes Trismegistus, 16, 381
Hiddenite, from North Carolina, 365
Hilda, St., Abbess of Whitby, 263
Hildegard, St., 70, 82, 389
“Hind Horn and Maid Rimnild,” ballad, 156, 157
Hirth, Dr. Frederick, vii
“History of Jewels,” old gem-treatise, 17
Hoernes, Dr. Moriz, 55, 135
Höllenzwang of Dr. Faustus, 187
Homer’s Odyssey, amber necklace, 57
Iliad, use of red, 30
Horsey, Sir Jerome, 374
Horus, eye of, as scarab, 117
Hours of the day, gems of the, 337
Hudibras, 356
Human sacrifice, 3-5
Huntilite, 49
Hyacinth, see _jacinth_
Hyades, 343
Hyde, Major, 113
Hydrolite, from Oregon, 365
_Hydromantii_, 180
Hypersthene, 49
Hypnotism, 7, 8, 11, 33
I
Iceland spar, 9
Idar, Germany, gem-cutting at, 54
Idocrase, 359
Images, natural, in stones, 266-269
Imperial Academy, Moscow, 142
Indersoen, Norway, amber from, 57
Indicolite, 360
Initials of names figured by precious stones, 47-50
Iolite, 359
Iris, 124, 130, 132, 226, 234
image signifying blood of, 120
stone, 133
Isaiah, 305
Ishtar, jewels of, 231
Isidorus of Seville, 59
Israel, twelve tribes of, 276, 278, 282, 288, 289, 305, 314
Issachar, 289, 294
Italian MS., 14th cent., 70, 77, 134
Ivan the Terrible and his curative stones, 374, 375
Ivory, 37
J
Jacinth (hyacinth), 29, 81-83, 234, 242, 243, 295, 296, 303, 305,
316, 319, 344, 349, 375
as symbol of St. Simon Zelotes, 313
electuary of, 372
gem of Jupiter, 348
of Mars, 348
to dissolve magic spells, 82
to induce sleep, 83
Jade, 68, 83-90, 122, 236, 248-254, 265, 294, 300
called, with other green stones, _chalchihuitl_ by Mexicans, 251
Chinese amulets of, 83, 84
Chinese vase of, described, 239, 240
derivation of name, 383
form of Chinese character for, 83
_hei-tikis_ of New Zealand, 87-90
large mass of, from Jordansmühl, Silesia, 250
objects of in Chinese emperor’s collection, 245
of New Zealand, 382
talismans of, among Mohammedans, 246
therapeutic use of, 239, 381-384
where found in New and Old World, 249-251
adze, known as the “Kunz Adze,” 248, 249, 252
Jadeite, 247, 249-252, 300, 382
cross made from celt of, 264
objects of, at Perugia, 264
Jagganath, image of with eyes of precious stones, 240
James I of England, 155
Jamestown Exposition, 1907, vi
Jâmi, lines in crystal mirror, 182
Jargoon, see _jacinth_
Jasper, 6, 38, 90, 91, 122, 133, 135, 226, 227, 229, 252, 265, 291,
294, 298, 300, 302, 303, 305, 313, 319, 372
as symbol of St. Peter, 311
gem of Libra, 346
green, engraved with zodiacal symbols, 342
in breastplate, 276
of King Nechepsus, 385
Jerome, St., 100, 307, 310
Jessen, Dr. Peter, vii
Jet, 39, 91, 92
in burials of Pueblo Bonito, 92
in palæolithic remains, 91
of Whitby, 263, 264
John, St., 275, 303, 311