SAMNITE.
ARCHAIC dialect of ancient Italy, known only by inscriptions. _See_
OSCAN.
SAMOAN.
A dialect of Eastern Polynesia; spoken by the natives of Samoa, or
the Navigator’s Islands; a group situated in 13° to 15° S. lat.,
and 168° to 173° W. longitude. This is the only dialect of Eastern
Polynesia which has a sibilant. W. G. L.
SAMOGITIAN.
LITHUANIAN of Wilna, a Russian government in the Baltic provinces. It
is also called POLISH-LITHUANIC.
SAMOIEDE, SAMOYED, _or_ SAMOJEDIC.
Ugrian: dialect classed as FIN, spoken by Tatar tribes along the
Frozen Ocean in N. Siberia. Divisions are known as: (1) NISOVI,
North of the Beresov. (2) VERKHOVI, dialects of the Obi. Grammar by
Castrén, St. Petersburg, 1854. _See_ SOYOTES.
SAMUCA _or_ ZAMUCA.
AMERICAN: Indians of Chiquitos. Dialects are CAIPOTORADE and MOROTOCO.
SAN.
AMERICAN: “San” Spanish for Saint, Sanctus; prefix to several
Missions.
SAN-ANTONIO, in California. Vocaby. by Sitjar, 1861.
SANTA-BARBARA. See “Jour. Roy. Geo. Soc.,” 1841. _See_ PUEBLO.
SANANGDI, _see_ SUNGHAI.
SANDAN.
Moghol: TUNGOOS dialect of Manchuria.
SANDANGAN.
JAVANESE: Vowel signs in written characters of the native alphabet.
SANDEH.
AFRICAN: language of the Nile regions. The people are cannibals with
saw teeth, reputed to have a deformity of the _os coccygis_. They are
commonly called Nyanya. The language has affinities to TASMANIAN and
to some words of Australasia. There is a vocabulary and a grammar
by Dr. S. Schweinfurth, Berlin, 1873; and some words in Petherick’s
“Egypt, the Soudan, &c.,” 1861. This language is of very ancient
type. H. C.
SANDWICH IS., _see_ KANAKA.
SANESE.
ITALIC: dialect of Siena. Vocaby. by Gigli, Siena, 1797.
SANGARA.
Moghol: TUNGUS dialect of Manchuria.
SANGIANG.
MALAYAN: priestly dialect of Borneo, largely influenced by SANSCRIT.
SANGIJ, SANGIR.
Malayan: dialect of MENADU.
SANGOUW.
DAYAK of Borneo: allied to BIAJUK.
SANG-PANG.
Non-Aryan: dialect of E. Nipal, belonging to the KIRANTI group.
Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
SANGUIR.
MALAYAN: group adjoining Celebes; dialect allied to MENADU. Wallace:
“Malay A.”
SANKIKANI.
American: old dialect of ALGONKIN, spoken by Ogibways of New Sweden,
now New Jersey.
SANSANDING, _see_ SUNGHAI.
SANSCRIT, SANSKRIT.
Indo-European: typical dialect of INDIAN, and parent of BENGALI,
HINDI, GUJERATTI, HINDUSTANI, MAHRATTI, ORIYA, PUNJABI, and SINDHI;
it is closely allied to ZEND and other languages of the IRANIC
branch, and though no longer vernacular, is preserved in the Vedas
and other sacred writings of the Brahmins. The word Sanskrit means
“polished, refined,” der.: sam, “together,” krita, “made perfect”
= Samskrita, “made euphonic.” The alphabetic character is called
Devanagari, “city of the gods,” from Benares, sacred city of the
Brahmins; and it is read from left to right like European languages.
The term OLD SANSCRIT is applied to an early numismatic alphabet
found on coins of Kabul. _See_ PRAKRIT.
SANTALI, _see_ SONTALI.
SANWAR, SUNWUR.
Bhot: dialect of the Sunwars of E. Nipal, classed as THIBETAN.
Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” A. C.
SAPARUA.
MALAYAN: dialect of the Moluccas.
SAPIBOCONI.
AMERICAN: tribes of Moxos Missions in Bolivia.
⁂ It belongs to the GUARANI and AGAW class; and is allied to MOVIMA
and APIACA. H. C. ☞
SAQUE, _see_ SAC.
SARABAYA, _see_ SURABAYA.
SARAKHOLLE, _see_ SERACOLET.
SARAMACCA.
American: CREOLESE of Surinam, called DJOE-TONGO. It is said to be
derived from Portuguese Jews, who were among the settlers in the
colony, and meant Jews’ language. See Trübner’s “Ludewig,” p. 56.
SARAR.
AFRICAN: spoken on the N.W. coast, and closely allied to BAGNON,
BOLAR, BULANDA, &c.
SARAVECA.
AMERICAN: nearly extinct. Christian tribes of the Santa Anna Mission,
Chiquitos. It belongs to the AGAW group. H. C.
SARAWASTI, _see_ PRAKRIT.
SARAWI.
Name of the people and language of the Passumah valleys in the
interior of Palembang in Sumatra. It is a MALAY dialect, with a
considerable infusion of JAVANESE, and is written with the Palembang
or Renchong alphabet. P. J. V.
SARDEGNA, SARDINIAN.
(1) Archaic: known only from inscriptions, and assumed to be derived
from LYBIAN.
(2) Romance: dialect of ITALIAN. Grammar by Porru, Cagliari, 1811.
SARIK, SARYK.
Tatar tribe of Central Asia; classed as Turcomans.
SARMATIAN.
General name for the SLAVONIC family of languages.
SAROINSOIG.
Malayan: dialect of MENADU.
SART.
Tatar tribe of the Khanate of Khiva.
SASAK.
Malayan: dialect of SALAPARANG, somewhat allied to SUMBAWA. _See_
LOMBOK.
SASSANIAN.
Properly a dynasty of Persian monarchs, dating from Ardshir
(Artachetr) circa 220-240 A.D. Used sometimes as a name for the
language employed by these monarchs on their coins and inscriptions.
But the language is better termed PEHLEVI or HUZVARESH. G. R. _See_
GOOPTA.
SASTE, _under_ SH.
SASTROSWORO.
JAVANESE: accents used to produce alphabetic equivalents for Arabic
letters.
SATAHUAN, SATAWAL, SETAWAL.
Micronesian of the Carolines: allied to CHAMORI.
SATERLAND.
Teutonic: dialect of FRISIC. See Hoche’s “Reise,” Bremen, 1800.
SATRAHE.
American: same as ARICARA. _See_ RICCARI.
SATSIKA.
American: “Blackfeet;” tribes of ALGONKIN in N.W.
SAUKI, SAWKEE, _see_ SAC.
SAUSENBERG.
Teutonic: classed as HIGH-GERMAN.
SAUTEUX, _see_ SALTEAUX.
SAVAGE IS., _see_ NIEUE.
SAVAKOT.
Ugrian: dialect of KARELIAN.
SAVANERIC.
AMERICAN: Panama Indians, near Las Palmas.
SAVARA.
KHOND dialect of the Sour in Souradah. Ganjam circar, British India.
Vocabulary in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” The numerals resemble the THUG
and KORIAK in some respects. H. C.
SAVOY.
Romance: mingled dialects of FRENCH and ITALIAN.
SAVU, SAWU.
Malayan: dialect of NEGRITO character, spoken in an island W. of
Timor. Diss.: Crawfurd’s “Malay Grammar.”
SAWANNO, _see_ SHAWANOE.
SAXON (SACHSISCH).
Teutonic: name for typical dialect of old LOW-GERMAN, now extinct,
formerly spoken in Schleswig and Holstein, and thence brought to
England; it was closely allied to GOTHIC and ALLEMANNIC. Upper Saxon
is a dialect of High-German. See “Gedichte,” by Döring, Leipsig,
1835. _See_ ANGLO-SAXON.
The literary remains, or stages of language, run thus:—
(1) OLD LOW-GERMAN, or Old Saxon, extinct in 9th century, but
represented by the “Evangelian Harmony.”
(2) LOW-GERMAN of middle ages, represented by the story called
“Reynard the Fox.”
(3) Modern LOW-GERMAN: (_a_) Saxon, of Lower Saxony. (_b_) East-Saxon
(Brandenburg, Pomerania). (_c_) West-Saxon, _i.e._, Westphalian.
⁂ Saxon is classed by French philologists as CIMBRIAN. _See_ MISNIAN.
SAYANIC.
TURKEE of the Upper Yenesei.
SCANDINAVIAN (SKANSKT).
Teutonic: class name for NORWEGIAN and allied dialects, including OLD
NORSE, ICELANDIC, and the modern languages of Denmark, Sweden, and
Norway.
SCHABBI, _see_ SHABUN.
SCHAN, _see_ SHAN.
SCHLESWIG (SLESWICK).
Dialect of LOW-GERMAN. See “Karte,” &c., by Geerz, Eutin, 1838.
SCHONEN.
Sub-dialect of Sweden. Lexicon by Klinghammer, Helsingborg, 1841.
SCHWABEN, _see_ SWABIAN.
SCHWEIZ, _see_ SWISS.
SCINDE, _see_ SINDHI.
SCLAVIC.
Same as SLAVONIAN; Greek form from Σχλαβηνοι. _See_ SLAVONIC.
SCOTCH _or_ SCOTTISH.
(Of the Lowlands). Dialect of ENGLISH, as spoken in that part of the
old district of Northumbria which lay to the N. of the Tweed. See
Murray: “Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland,” 1873. Dicty.
by Jamieson.
Old Scottish: Glossary by Ruddiman, Edinburgh, 1710; Pinkerton’s
Poems, London, 1792. A vocabulary of Scottish Gipsy is given in the
“Life of Bamfylde Moore Carew.” _See_ GAELIC.
SCOTT’S-RIVER INDIANS.
American: ENGLISH name for the T-ka Indians. _See_ IDDOA.
SCYTHIAN.
Word used for Nomadic; anciently applied to Tatars, and other tribes
speaking TURANIAN dialects in Central Asia.
⁂ The few ancient Scythian words resemble MANCHU. H. C.
SEA-GIPSIES, _see_ BAJAU.
SECHUANA.
African: same as BECHUANA; classed as S.E. BANTU. Dr. Bleek writes
“Setshuana.”
SECQLAPI.
African: dialect of KAFFIR.
SECUMNE, _see_ SEKUMNE.
SEGZI.
Iranic: early PERSIAN dialect of Seistan or Segistan.
SEHUAC, _see_ TEHUELET.
SEKUMNE.
American: Indians of U. California, closely allied to TSAMAK.
SELDSCHUK, SELJUK.
Alatyan: a dialect of TURKISH.
SELENGA.
Turanian: dialect of MOGHOL, closely allied to AIMAUK.
SELISH.
AMERICAN: tribe of Atnah, or Flatheads. The Flatheads are sometimes
called Chin-Indians, because the boards used to compress the forehead
serve to thrust the chin forward. Also called SHOUSHWAP. Grammar by
Mengarini, New York, 1861. _See_ TSHIHAILI.
SEMIAN.
Sub-Semitic: a dialect of AMHARIC.
SEMINOLE.
American: Indians of E. Florida. Their language belongs to the CREEK
or MUSKOGULGEE class. R. G. L.
SEMITIC.
A word formed from the name of the patriarch Shem or Sem. Same as
SYRO-ARABIC; class name for the ARABIC, ARAMAIC, MESOPOTAMIAN, and
CANAANITISH groups of languages, taken collectively.
(1) Arabic, with its affiliations, includes ETHIOPIC and AMHARIC.
(2) Aramaic is represented by SYRIAC.
(3) Mesopotamian includes ancient ASSYRIAN, BABYLONIAN, and the
modern language of the Chaldees of Kurdistan.
(4) Canaanitish includes PHŒNICIAN and HEBREW.
The primitive Semitic alphabet consisted of seventeen letters only.
“Sem” is the equivalent for “Chem” by a natural law of speech. ☞
SEMITIC (SUB), _see_ HEBRÆO-AFRICAN.
SENA.
AFRICAN: dialect of the Mozambique.
SENAAR, _see_ SHILLUK.
SENECA, SENEKA.
American: IROQUOIS dialect of Buffalo and Niagara. See “Hymn-book,”
New York, 1852.
SEPHARDIM.
HEBREW word; name for Spanish Jews.
SERACOLET, SERAHULI, SERAWULLI.
African: dialect of true NEGRO.
⁂ Under the names AZERIYE, ASWAREK, and SWANINKE, Barth gives great
importance to this class, though now its area is greatly diminished
through the encroachment of the Arabic. It is probable the three
languages just named may, along with the FULAH, be brought within the
same class. R. G. L.
SERAWATTY.
Small group of the Sunda Islands. Dialects are distinguished in BABA,
KISSER, and SERMATTE.
SERB _or_ SERVIAN.
Slavonic: native speech of Servia, closely allied to POLISH and
RUSSIAN, and written in CYRILLIC characters. Grammar by Jordan,
Prague, 1841; by Schmaler, Bautzen, 1852. _See_ ILLYRIAN.
SERERES (SERAIRES).
African: dialect of Cape Verd, closely allied to SARAR and SERAWULLI.
SERGU, _see_ SURGA.
SERMATTE.
MALAYAN: native name of the Serawatte Is.
SEROCI.
Negrito: dialect of PAPUAN.
SERPA.
BHOT: dialect of E. Nipal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” A. C.
SERPENT, SERPENS.
American: Snake Indians; same as SHOSHONES. _See_ NAGA.
SERRANO.
American: SPANISH name for TEHUELHET.
SERSKEN, SERSKISH.
Wendic: the SORB of Lower Lusatia.
SERVIAN, _see_ SERB.
SESUTO.
AFRICAN: dialect of Bechuana Kaffirs.
SETAWAL, _see_ SATAWAL.
SETTE-COMMUNI.
Teutonic: local dialect of Italy, classed as HIGH-GERMAN. _See_
TREDECI.
SEVERNOVZI.
AMERICAN: tribe of Olamentke in New California. Vocaby. in “Beiträge
zur Kenntniss,” St. Petersburg, 1839.
SGAU.
Monosyllabic: Burmese dialect of KAREN. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp.
Dicty.”
SHABUN.
AFRICAN: dialect of Kordovan.
SHAGA.
African: same as AGAG; a form of ANGOLA.
SHAHAPTIN, _see_ SAHAPTIN.
SHALCHA.
Lesgian: MIZDZHEDZHI dialect of the Caucasus.
SHAMAITEN, _see_ SARMATIAN.
SHAN, SHYAN.
INDO-CHINESE: Thay race of Burmah; used also for a division of
SIAMESE. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
SHANDOO.
INDO-CHINESE: tribe of N. Arracan. A. C.
SHANGALLA, SHANKALI.
AFRICAN: name applied by true Abyssinians to Negro races on the
hills; as Dizzela and Tacazze.
⁂ It is an AGAW language. H. C. _See_ GALLA.
SHANGHAI.
Local dialect of CHINESE. Grammar (1868), Vocaby. (1869), by Edkins.
SHARA.
American: name for SHYENNES.
SHARAIGOL.
Tatar: same as SHARRA, or Eastern MOGHOL of Mantchuria.
SHASTI, _also_ SASTE, SHASTA.
AMERICAN: dialect of Oregon and U. California, allied to PALAIK, to
KULANAPA, and OREGONES.
⁂ The native name is “Wee-o-how,” _i.e._, “Stone-house,” a retreat in
the famous lava-beds at Lake Clamets, in Siskyon County, California.
They are, however, a race alien to the MODOCS, and speak a different
language. For the Chasta-Butte Indians, see YEKA.
SHAWANOE.
American: also SHAWHAY, SHAWNEE, SHAWNOE; S. branch of ALGONKIN;
originally of Kentucky, they are now to be found west of the
Mississippi. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 113; Schoolcraft’s “Indian
Tribes,” vol. ii., p. 470.
SHAWI, _see_ SHOWIAH.
SHEBA, _see_ SHEVA.
SHEBAYI.
American: CARIB of French Guiana.
SHEFFIELD.
One of the provincial dialects of ENGLISH belonging to Yorkshire. See
Bywater’s “Sheffield Dialect,” 1839. _See_ HALIFAX.
SHEKAK.
Unclassed: N. dialect of KURDISH.
SHEKAWATTY.
Indian: HINDI dialect of Rajpootana.
SHELLU, _see_ SHILHA.
SHEN.
Dravidian: archaic dialect of TAMIL, called HIGH-TAMIL.
SHENDU.
INDO-CHINESE: dialect of Burmah; same as HEUMA.
SHENVI.
Indic: MARATHI dialect of Bombay. Allied to KONKANI.
SHERBRO-BULLOM.
African: MANDINGO of the Banana Islands. _See_ BULLOM.
SHESHATAPOOSH.
American: ALGONKIN of Labrador, closely allied to NARRAGANSETTS.
“Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 108. _See_ SKOFFI.
SHEVA, SHEBA.
Semitic: local dialect of AMHARIC.
SHIA-PUSH, _or_ SIAH-POSH.
SANSKRITIC: spoken by the Kafirs of Hindu-Kush. _See_ PUSHTOO.
SHIBBOLETH, SIBBOLETH.
HEBREW term, used as a test-word; peculiarities of speech; thence
applied to distinguishing creeds and dogmas of religion or politics.
See Judges xii. 6.
SHIENNE, _see_ SHYENNE.
SHIGHNIS.
TATAR: tribes of Badakshan.
SHIHO, SHIKO.
ABYSSINIAN: tribe of Danakil; EDO and GUMEDDO are thus classed.
SHIKAN.
African: NIGRITIAN of the Gaboon.
SHIKASTAH.
Cursive form of TALIK characters, used in Persian as a running hand.
SHILHA.
The language of the Shilouh (Fr. Chelouh) probably represents to us
that of the ancient Mauritanians and western Gætulians. It is now
spoken in the highlands and outlying districts of Morocco. Though
immensely overrun by ARABIC, it preserves its ancient grammar as
a LIBYAN tongue. The pronominal system distinguishes it from the
kindred languages. In the “Journal of the Asiatic Society” (1847) a
long specimen of this language was printed in the Arabic character
(“The Narrative of Sidi Ibrahim”), with a tentative interlineary
Latin translation and some Notes by Professor Newman. F. W. N. _See_
LIBYAN.
SHILLUK.
African: dialect of KORDOVAN, closely allied to DENKA.
SHIMAGAC, _see_ ZAPARA.
SHINA.
Indian: dialect of SANSKRIT, used by the S. W. Dards of Dardistan.
SHINICOOK.
AMERICAN: Indians of Long Island, allied to MONTAK.
SHO, SHOU.
Indo-Chinese: also called PWO, KAREN dialect of Burmah. _See_ KHYEN.
SHOSHONE.
AMERICAN: Serpens; Snake Indians; classed as PADUCAN. Also called
Radigeurs, or Root-diggers. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii.; Schoolcraft’s
“Indian Tribes,” vols. ii., iv.
⁂ It belongs to the Pygmean or Negrito group, and is related to
ANDAMAN, KIRIRI, SABUJA, GONGA, &c. H. C. _See_ MARADIÇOS.
SHOULAH, _see_ SHILHA.
SHOUSHWAP, SHUSHWAP.
American: same as ATNA. _See_ SELISH.
SHOWIAH.
(Fr. Chaouia), one of the BERBER or LIBYAN languages. The name
Kabâil, or Kabyle, is given by the Arabs. It is exceedingly mixed
with ARABIC, yet retains its own forms of grammar. The Arabic article
“El” (or the letter L initial) is often imported with an Arabic
noun, as with us in the words “Alcoran,” “Alcohol”; and feminine
nouns take T at each end: as “Tamdint,” from Arabic Medina(t), city.
The language is spoken chiefly in the highlands of Mount Atlas,
towards Algiers, especially in the province of Constantine. There is
little doubt that it represents to us the ancient Numidian, and one
branch of the Gætulian. Brosselard’s Dictionary, “Français-Berbère,”
whatever its value to a traveller, disappoints a philologer; for
by far the greater part of it is Arabic in disguise. Hanoteau’s
“Grammaire Kabyle,” gives a large mass of pure words: he has selected
the Zouave dialect by preference. It is rougher than that of Bougie,
into which Sadi Hamet translated the book of Genesis and the four
Gospels for the Bible Society. F. W. N. _See_ LIBYAN.
SHYAN, _see_ SHAN.
SHYENNE.
(Fr. Cheyenne). American: ALGONKIN dialect of the Kansas, allied to
ARRAPAHO. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii.
SIAH-POSH, _see_ SHIA-PUSH.
SIAMESE.
Indo-Chinese: a monosyllabic language, called, in full,
SA-YAME-PHASA, also TAI, or T’HAI; founded on CHINESE, it contains
many elements of MALAY; its alphabet resembles PALI. Grammar by
Pallegoix, Bangkok, 1850; Dicty., Paris, 1854.
SIAU.
MALAYAN: group of islands adjoining Celebes. Wallace’s “M. Archip.”
SIBERIAN.
Ugrian: a geographical term, embracing dialects of TURK or TATAR,
with the FINNISH, as OSTIAK and SAMOIED. It is sometimes applied
especially to the languages of the Yakuts on the Lena.
SIBNOW.
DAYAK of Borneo: allied to BIAJUK.
SIBSAGAN.
Non-Aryan: MIRI dialect of E. Bengal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp.
Dicty.”
SICAUNIE.
AMERICAN: tribe of Tacullies. _See_ SIKANNI.
SICILIAN.
Sub-dialect of ITALIAN. Dicty. by Biundi, Palermo, 1857.
SICULAN.
Primitive language of S. Italy, classed by some with ETRUSCAN. See
Müller’s “Etrusker,” Breslau, 1828. _See_ SZEKLER.
SIDEIA.
MALAYAN: language of Tai-wan, the island of Formosa, using an
alphabet conformable to the CHINESE.
SIEBENBURGISCH.
TEUTONIC: Saxon dialect of Transylvania, classed as LOW-GERMAN.
SIENA, _see_ SANESE.
SIFAN.
CHINESE word for “Western Barbarians;” the languages are unclassed. ☞
SIGNS, LANGUAGE OF.
AMERICAN: described in the “Philosophical Transactions,”
Philadelphia, 1804.
⁂ Signs are used by the mutes of the Seraglio and the aristocracy at
Constantinople. H. C.
SIKANNI.
American: ATHABASCAN dialect of N. Caledonia; also called Tsikanne.
Vocaby. by Howse. _See_ TAKULLI.
SIKH (PUNJABI).
Indic: dialect of SANSKRIT, deduced from SAREWASTI or PRACRIT,
and much influenced by ARABIC and PERSIAN. The word Sikh means
“disciple,” or follower of the fakir Nanak, a Saint of Lahore, A.D.
1469-1539. Its alphabetic character resembles HINDI, and it is the
vernacular speech of the Punjab, or “Country of the five” waters or
rivers. Grammar (1866), Dictionary (1854), Ludiana.
SIKKIM, _see_ LEPCHA.
SILESIAN (SCHLESIEN).
(1) Teutonic: classed as HIGH-GERMAN; local dialect of Upper Silesia,
&c.
(2) Slavonic: sub-dialect of POLISH. _See_ GLATZ.
SILLA.
AMERICAN: language of San Felipe Mission, New Mexico.
SILONG.
MALAYAN: dialect of the Mergui Archipelago, Tenasserim.
SIMILATON.
American: LENCA dialect of Honduras.
SIMISENCHI.
AMERICAN: name for the Piros or Chuntaquiros.
SINA, SINOLOGIST.
Used for CHINESE, and any profound student of that language and its
literature. “S” is the invariable equivalent for “ch” in Semitic
languages.
SINAITIC.
Epigraphic: name for certain inscriptions at and near Wady-Mukatteb,
or “written valley,” in the peninsula of Sinai.
The language of these inscriptions is ARABIC, with a slight ARAMAIC
influence. The character is peculiar, but allied to the ARAMAIC,
the PALMYRENE, and the modern ARABIC. The view of the inscriptions
taken by the Rev. C. Forster (“Voice of Israel,” London, 1860) is not
generally endorsed by Semitic scholars, who assign the inscriptions
to a time a little earlier and a little later than our era. See Beer:
“Inscriptiones veteres ad Montem Sinai servatæ,” Leipzig, 1840-3.
Also “Zeitschrift d. Deutsch. Morgenländ. Gesellschaft,” 1849, pp.
129-215. G. R.
SIND.
One of the multitudinous names for GIPSY, probably = “dark”; but
Sindh means “sea, ocean, water.” Hence applied to the Indus (Sindus)
river.
SINDHI.
Indian: dialect of HINDI spoken in Scinde. Two alphabets are in
use—viz., the ARABIC and the GURMUKHI. Dicty. by Stack, Bombay,
1849-55; Grammar, 1849.
SINDONGA.
African: allied to OTYIHERERO.
SINGHALESE, SINHALESE.
The language of Ceylon. ELU, or high-Sinhalese, is DRAVIDIAN, and
closely resembles TAMIL; its written characters, however, are more
like CANARESE. Colloquial Sinhalese is largely modified by SANSKRIT;
PALI is the religious language of Buddhists in Ceylon. Vocaby. in
Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” _See_ CINGALESE.
SINGHBHUM.
Same as KOL; Non-Aryan language of Central India. Vocaby. in Hunter’s
“Comp. Dicty.”
SINGHPO _or_ SINGPHO.
Singh = “lion.” INDO-CHINESE: large class of dialects spoken by
hill-tribes of Burmah and Assam. See “Asiatic Journal of Bengal,”
1837; and Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
SINGKAL.
Malayan: BATTA dialect of Sumatra.
SIOUX.
AMERICAN: Dacotah Indians, closely allied to Iowa, and sometimes
classed as Iroquois. They are also called Issati and Nadowessier; and
the Assineboines have been classed with them. Vocabularies by Hayden,
Philadelphia; Grammar and Dictionary by Biggs and Turner.
SIRAIKI.
Indic: dialect of SINDHI.
SIRANG, _see_ CERAM.
SIRANIAN, SIRENIAN, SIRJENIC.
Ugrian: same as ZIRIANIAN; FINNISH dialect of Vologda, in Russia.
Grammar by Castrén, Helsingfors, 1844.
SISUTA, _see_ SESUTO.
SITCHA, SITKA, SITSKA.
American: names for KOLUSH.
SITUFA, SITUGA.
American: Indians of New Granada, classed as a dialect of BETOI.
SIWAH.
African: allied to the BERBER of Morocco; it is the dialect spoken
in Wady Sywah, or Great Oasis of Oum Beida, formerly the temple of
Jupiter Ammon. Vocaby. by Minutoli, Berlin, 1824-7.
SKIPETAR.
ILLYRIC: native name of the Albanians. Mr. Vaux suggests that the
word Skipétar is of TURANIAN origin. ☞
SKITTEGAT.
American: dialect of the HAIDAH.
SKOFFI.
American: put for “Escopie,” name for SHESHATAPOOSH.
SKWALLY.
American: same as NASQUALLY. Classed by Hale as ATNAH or SELISH.
Scouler’s name is SQUALLYAMISH.
SLANG.
Vulgar or Colloquial English of the sporting classes and lower
orders, especially those of large towns. See Hotten’s “New
Dictionary,” “Slang,” &c.
SLAVIC, SLAVONIC, _or_ SLAVONIAN.
Word of uncertain derivation, used as designating one branch of
the Indo-European family. Professor Senkovski derives it from slov
= man (RUSS, cheloväku; POLISH, czlowiek); others derive it from
“sru,” “slu,” “famous”; or from “slovo”: “word,” the people being
“slovenie,” “the speakers.” Also called VENIDI, WINIDI, WENDS.
SLAVONIC.
(1) The typical dialect of Sarmatian, from which Russian has been
formed, first written A.D. 850. (Modern Slavonia is a province of
Austria.) Grammar by Miklosich, vols. i.-iii., Vienna, 1852-6.
(2) Class name for a division of WENDIC, comprising OLD BOHEMIAN,
POLATIAN (extinct), ECCL. SLAVONIC (extinct), BULGARIAN, CZECH,
CROATIAN, ILLYRIAN, LUSITANIAN, POLABIAN, POLISH, RUSSIAN, RUTHENIAN,
SERVIAN, SLOVACK, SLOVENIAN, SORABIC.
They have two forms of alphabetic character:—(1) The CYRILLIC, (2)
the GLAGOLITIC, which is by some called a modified Cyrillic, by
others attributed to St. Hieronymus, of Dalmatia, A.D. 331.
SLESWICK, _see_ SCHLESWIG.
SLOVACK.
SLAVONIC of Hungary. Dicty. by Loos, Pesth, 1870. _See_ HUNGARIAN.
SLOVENIAN.
SLAVONIC of Illyria, Styria, and Carinthia. Sprachlehre, by Murko,
Grätz, 1832. _See_ SERVIAN.
SMALL-ROBES.
AMERICAN: tribe of Blackfeet.
SNAKE INDIANS.
AMERICAN: tribe of Shoshones. _See_ NAGA.
SOAHILI, _under_ KI.
SOANA.
Romance: dialect of FRANCO-ITALIAN.
SOBO.
African: closely allied to BINI.
SOCIETY’S ISLANDS, _see_ TAHITIAN.
SOCOTRA, _see_ SOKOTRAN.
SOERABAYAN, _see_ SURABAYA.
SOERIKONG.
American: dialect of CARIB.
SOFALA.
African: dialect of the MOZAMBIQUE.
SOGDI.
IRANIC: dialect of ancient Sogdiana, now Bokhara.
SOHILI, _under_ Ki.
SOIONY, SOIOT.
Ugrian: Siberian dialects, sometimes classed as TURKEE, sometimes
called SAMOIED; allied to KOIBAL.
SOK, SOKPA.
NON-ARYAN dialect of N. Thibet. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
SOKHA, SOKHALA.
Turkee: classed as YAKUT.
SOKKO, ASOKKO.
African: class-name for a division of MANA or MANDINGO. ☞
SOKNA.
African: dialect of TUARIK.
SOKOTRAN.