closely allied to ONONDAGA. The name was applied by the Dutch. See
vocabulary in “Bulletin Hist. Soc. of Pennsylvania,” 1848. _See_
MINGO.
MARA.
Dialect of ADALI.
MARADIÇOS.
AMERICAN: Spanish name for SHOSHONES.
MARAHA.
Older DRAVIDIAN: dialect of Nipal.
MARAM.
INDO-CHINESE: dialect of the Nagas or Kookies. See “Jnl. Asiatic S.
of Bengal,” 1837.
MARAMOMISIOS.
AMERICAN: Indians of Brazil. See Pinelo’s “Epitome, &c.,” Madrid,
1737-8.
MARATHI, _see_ MAHRATTI.
MARAUHA, _see_ MAROA.
MARAVI.
African: dialect of N.E. Kaffir, spoken on the Mozambique coast.
Vocaby. in Kölle’s “Polyglot.” H. C.
MARE.
Negritic: dialect of PAPUAN, spoken in the Loyalty Islands. _See_
NENGONE.
MARGANTSHI.
African: assigned by Barth to the HAMARUA.
MARIANNE.
POLYNESIAN: dialect of the Ladrone Islands.
MARIATE.
AMERICAN: spoken near the junction of the Iça with the Amazons, and
allied to BARREE and MANOA. See Von Martius, vol. ii., p. 266.
MARING.
INDO-CHINESE: dialect of the Nagas.
MARKISH.
Teutonic: sub-dialect of LOW-GERMAN. Vocaby. in “Weddigen’s
Magazine,” Lemgo, 1790.
MAROA, MARAUHA.
American: dialect of BANIWA or CARIB. Vocaby. by Wallace. H. C.
MAROCCO, _see_ MOROCCO.
MARONITE.
(1) Semitic: sub-dialect of ARABIC. Grammar by Sionita, Paris, 1616.
(2) An alphabetic character of SYRIAC.
MAROS.
(1) MALAYAN: district of Nias, a small island near Sumatra.
(2) BUGIS: district of Celebes.
MARQUEES (LOURENZO), _see_ TEKEZA.
MARQUESAN.
POLYNESIAN: a dialect of Eastern Polynesia, closely allied to
TAHITIAN, vernacular in the Marquesas Islands, S. Pacific, situated
in 7°-10° S. Lat., 139°-141° W. Lon. De Gembloux, “Idiomologie des
îles Marquises,” Bourges, 1843. W. G. L.
MARRANE, MARRON.
FRENCH: people of Moorish extraction; “a renegade.”
MARU.
JAPANESE: hard accent on consonants.
MARUVI, MARUWI.
MALAYAN: language of the Banyak islands, and of Si-Malu, W. Sumatra;
it is said to bear great affinity to the BATTA and NIAS. P. J. V.
MARWARI.
HINDI: dialect of Joudpoor or Jodpur in Rajpootana.
MASACARA.
American: dialect of GES spoken in Brasil. Von Martius, vol. ii., p.
144.
MASAYA _or_ MASYA.
American: dialect of NICARAGUA, but allied to the SIOUX. H. C.
MASORETIC.
HEBREW: “Masora,” _i.e._ “traditional”; applied to the received
Jewish version of the O. T. It owes its value to the system of points
introduced to supply the want of vowels.
MASSACHUSETT.
American: extinct dialect of ALGONKIN. Vocaby.: “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol.
ii., p. 110.
⁂ The name carries with it its own geographical position. The town
of Boston, U.S., now stands on the land of the Massachusett Indians.
I find that NATIK or NADICK is rather a synonym for MASSACHUSETTS
than the name of a separate form of speech, whether language or
dialect; on the coast, the name changed, and the language also, which
is NARRAGANSET. The two forms are closely allied, but MASSACHUSETTS
means the parts about Boston, NARRAGANSET the language of Connecticut
and Rhode Island. The greatest work in any American language is,
undoubtedly, the translation of the Bible by Eliot; but no one knows
whether the language is to be called NATICK or MASSACHUSETT. Eliot
also wrote a Grammar, dated A.D. 1666; the author merely calls it
INDIAN; reprinted at Boston in 1832. R. G. L.
MASSARATTY.
Malayan: dialect of BOOROO, closely allied to CAJELI. See Wallace:
“Malay Archip.”
⁂ The language of Booroo is a dialect of the Moluccan ALFURU. P. J.
V.
MASSIED.
Dialect of Australian, allied to GUDUNG.
MASSINA.
African: dialect of the FULAH.
MASSIT.
AMERICAN: Indians of Q. Charlotte’s Is.
MASURIC.
Slavonian: sub-dialect of POLISH.
MATABELLO.
Negritic: sub-dialect of PAPUAN. Wallace: Appx. (Malay Archip.).
⁂ According to the best authorities it should be written WATUBELLO.
P. J. V.
MATABILI.
African: sub-dialect of BECHUANA.
MATAGUAYA.
American: dialect of the district of Gran Chaco, classed as
PATAGONIAN, and related to the ABIPONIAN. H. C.
MATARA.
American: Indians of Paraguay, closely allied to VILELA.
MATHEO, SAN.
NEGRITIC: dialect of the Philippines.
MATLAZINGA.
American: Archaic dialect of Mexico. See Pinelo’s “Epitome,” Madrid,
1737-8.
MATURNANTSHI.
African: assigned by Barth to the HAMARUA.
MAU.
Polynesian: dialect of MAORI, vernacular in the New Hebrides.
MAUHE, _see_ UAINAMBEU.
MAUKOR (MAIKOR).
Negritic: dialect of PAPUAN, belonging to the Aroo Islands.
MAURISH, _see_ MOORISH.
MAWAKWA.
American: dialect of CARIB spoken in Guiana, most closely allied to
SOERIKONG.
MAWI, _see_ MAORI.
MAYA or MAYAN.
AMERICAN: Class name for many languages of Central America,
especially those of Yucatan and Guatemala. In the former it rules
exclusively; in the latter it is a closely allied form of speech.
The POCONCHI (with the exception of certain rude dialects belonging
to the same class) is the representative language. The KACHIQUEL is
a third language of equal importance. In Vera Cruz, for the parts
about Tampico, an allied language, the HUASTECA, separated from its
congeners, is (or was) the original vernacular. Grammatical sketches,
“artes,” as they are called by early missionaries are as early and
fully as numerous for the Maya languages and dialects as for any in
America, dating from the seventeenth century. A short but valuable
work by Squier is the chief authority for them. “States of Central
America,” by T. G. Squier, N. York, 1858; “Etudes,” by Brassier
De Bourbourg, Paris, 1869-70; “Silabario,” by Ruz, Merida, 1845;
“Phonetic Alphabet,” described by Brinton. R. G. L. _See_ VEY.
MAYORGA.
POLYNESIAN: dialect of the Friendly Islands.
MAYORUNA.
AMERICAN: Indians of the Rio Yavari, in the province of Rio Negro,
Brasil.
⁂ This language has affinities with the SUNTAHA SOW languages of
Borneo, and belongs to the PYGMEAN or MINCOPIE class of Colebrook. H.
C.
MAYPUR.
American: dialect of the ORINOCO, closely allied to MOXOS, also to
BANIWA, CORETU, SARAVICA, &c. H. C. ☞
MAZENDERAN.
Sub-dialect of PERSIAN, spoken on the S. shores of the Caspian.
Klaproth: “Beschreibung,” Berlin, 1814.
MBAMBA.
AFRICAN: dialect of the Gaboon. It is allied to KANYOKA, MUSENTANDO,
NETERE, &c. H. C.
MBAYA.
American: same as GUAYKURU. They are called CAVALLEROS by the
Spaniards; Paraguay Indians of Cujaba, and allied to MBOKOBI. H. C.
MBOFIA.
AFRICAN: dialect of Brass-town, allied to ABO, ISOAMA, and ISIOLI. H.
C.
MBOKOBI.
American: dialect of the district of Gran Chaco, classed with
ABIPONIAN and TOBA, MATAGUAYA and MBAYA.
MECH.
TRANS-HIMALAYAN: language of the Meches, a lowland tribe of the
Terai, at base of Himalaya in Nipal, noted for enjoying immunity from
malarious fever. No written character. “Jnl. A. S. of Bengal,” 1840.
A. C. _See_ DHIMAL.
MECH-CHAOOH.
American: same as MOHEGAN. _See_ MEKO.
MECKLENBURG.
Teutonic: sub-dialect of LOW-GERMAN. Grammar by Ritter, Rostock, 1832.
MECKLEY, _see_ MOITAY.
MEDIAN.
Properly the language of the ancient Medes, a people of the high
country between Mesopotamia and the Persian desert, only known
through names and a few words, which show it to have been ARYAN, and
closely allied to ancient PERSIAN. The term “Median” was at one time
applied to the language of the third column of Achæmenian cuneiform
inscriptions, but it is now admitted that this was a misnomer. On the
real Median language, see Rawlinson: “Ancient Monarchies,” Media,
vol. iii., pp. 137-156. G. R.
MEDO-PERSIAN.
Class name for the branch of ARYAN speech, with slight differences,
common to the ancient Medes and Persians. G. R.
MEDO-SCYTHIAN.
Dr. Hincks’ name for the language of Scythic tribes dwelling in
Media and Persia, known to us by a peculiar form of inscriptions in
cuneiform.
⁂ The best account of the language, which is decidedly TURANIAN, will
be found in Norris’s “Scythic Inscriptions of Behistun,” “Jnl. of R.
As. Soc.,” vol. xv. G. R.
MEFUR.
Negritic: dialect of PAPUAN, vernacular in New Guinea.
MEHERRIN.
AMERICAN: name for the Tuteloes.
MEISTERSANGEREN, _see_ MINNESINGERS.
MEKO.
AMERICAN: old race of Mexico, prior to the Nahuatl. Same as CICI-MECH.
MEKRI.
Dialect of KURDISH.
MELANESIAN.
Same as KELENONESIAN; it represents the S.W. Islands of the Pacific,
consisting of the Loyalty group, Bank’s Santa Cruz, the Solomon
Archipelago extending W. by N., to include New Guinea.
MELLELE.
Class of GIPSEY.
MELON.
African: allied to NHOTEN and NHALEMOE. H. C.
MEMPHITIC.
Egyptian: an extinct dialect of COPTIC; it was spoken over the
district about Memphis, and represented the language of middle rather
than upper or lower Egypt. R. G. L.
MENADO _or_ MENADU.
A large class of dialects spoken in Celebes or Macassar, classed as
ALFURU, and somewhat allied to BUGIS. (Wallace.) _See_ MINAHASSA.
MENAK.
Javanese: in the SUNDANESE dialect “Ménak” means “a noble, one of
high birth;” hence high-Sundanese is called BASA-MENAK. P. J. V.
MENANGKABAW.
MALAYAN: dialect of the Dutch residency in the highlands of Padang,
Sumatra, which was anciently an independent monarchy called MENANG
KABAW. It differs considerably from ordinary Malay. Vocabulary, &c.,
edited by Pynappel (Dialogues: Menangkabaw and Malay). P. J. V.
MENASSER (BENI).
Language of the BENI MENASSER, a branch of the BERBER. See LIBYAN.
Baron de Slane first published the pronouns of this language, which
differ so much from the other Libyan languages that it must be
unintelligible to those who know only the others; yet it is small
and unimportant. H. Duveyrier (1857) places the tribes near to the
Hhallûla Lake, and says that they have adopted Arab manners, an
Arabic name, and an immensity of the Arabic language. He gives an
extremely limited vocabulary. He thinks that it and the dialect
called that of the Benî Mezâb, is a branch of the ZENATIA dialect,
and is connected with that spoken in the oasis of Touât. But the last
is supposed to be TAMASHIGHT. F. W. N.
MENDE, _see_ TSCHUR.
MENDI.
AFRICAN: quoted from “Outline of a Vocabulary,” London, 1841.
MENEMONI, _see_ MENOMENI.
MENERO-DOWNS.
Dialect of AUSTRALIAN. Vocaby. “Jnl. R. Geog. Soc.,” 1839.
MENGWE, _see_ MAQUA.
MENIENG.
AMERICAN: dialect of Brazil, mixed with NEGRO-PORTUGUESE, and
sometimes called S. American JARGON. _See_ KAMAKAN.
MENOMENI.
American: dialect of ALGONKIN spoken to the S. of L. Superior. “Amer.
Ethnol,” vol. ii., p. 113; Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” vol. ii.,
p. 470.
MENYAMNYAM, _see_ SANDEH.
MEQUACHAKE.
AMERICAN: tribe of Shawnees.
MERI.
Sub-dialect of DYAK in Borneo.
MERUSY.
PERSIC: sub-dialect of Khorassan.
MESHTSHERIAK.
TURKEE: tribes of Ugrians speaking Turkish.
MESO-GOTHIC, _under_ MŒ.
MESSENIAN.
Hellenic: a provincial dialect of Modern GREEK.
MESSISSAUGI.
American: ALGONKIN tribes S. of Lake Superior and N.E. of the Huron.
MESTIZO.
Ethnological: issue of whites and native Americans. In Spanish the
word “Mestizo” means “a mongrel.”
METZ, MEURTHE, MEUSE.
Romance: sub-dialects of FRENCH. (1) Vocaby. by François, Metz, 1773;
(2) Vocaby., “Fr. Socy. Antiq.,” vol. ix.; (3) “Dissertation” by
Cordier, Bar-le-Duc, 1843.
MEWARA.
Same as RHATORE, sub-dialect of BOWRI.
MEXICAN.
It is of some importance to remember that MEXICAN is not a
philological but a geographical term, and that the indigenous name
of the occupants of the parts about the present city of Mexico was
Nahuatl, akin to whom were the Tlaskala. The Asteks were conquerors
and intruders—the Chetimacha probably the same. This is important
when we remember that the three names, Nahuatl, Huasteca, and
Tlaskala are to be found in three different districts far away
from Mexico. At present MEXICAN and ASTEK are nearly synonymous;
just like Quichua and Peruvian. See “Dialogues,” by Arenas, Paris,
1862; Glossary by Biondelli, Milan, 1869; “Cuadro Descriptivo,”
by Pimentel, 1862-5. For Picture Character, see Humboldt’s “Atlas
Pittoresque.” R. G. L. _See_ AZTEC.
MFUT.
AFRICAN: language of the Gaboon, closely allied to AFUDU.
MIAMI.
American: tribes of ALGONKIN, W. of the Mississippi. Vocaby. in
Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” vol. ii.
MIAOS, MIAU.
Sub-dialect of CHINESE; MIAUTSZE means “children of the soil,”
_i.e._, Aborigines. Vocaby. by Edkins, Foochow.
MIC-MAC.
American: FRENCH name for the native Indians of Nova Scotia, &c.
⁂ (1) As a special name it means the ALGONKIN of New Brunswick, Nova
Scotia, Cape Breton, and Prince Edward’s Island. The still more
special name for the present dialect is MIRAMICHI.
(2) As a class name it may conveniently be made to include (i.) on
the North the Skoffi and Sheshatapoosh of Labrador; (ii.) the MIC-MAC
proper of the South; (iii.) the New England forms of speech, as the
ABENAKI, PENOBSCOT, and ETCHEMIN, whence we derived the present
name for the State of Mayne. It corresponds thus with the ACADIAN
and GASPESIAN of the French, including the French denominations
Souriquois, Montagnard, and others. Grammar by Maillard, New York,
1864. R. G. L.
MICRONESIAN.
LESSER-POLYNESIAN: class of oceanic dialects in the lesser islands of
the Pacific.
MIDDLE-HIGH-GERMAN.
TEUTONIC: period of language from 12th century until Luther. Dicty.
by Benecke, Leipsig, 1854-60.
MIDDLESEX.
Local dialect of ENGLISH; sometimes called Language of the
Metropolis, sometimes COCKNEY. _See_ LONDON.
MIEN-TING.
Local dialect of CHINESE.
MIGUEL, ST.
NEGRITO: a dialect of the Philippines.
MIGUEL, SAN.
American: dialect of Californian Mission, allied to SAN ANTONIO, and
classed as DIEGUNOS.
MIKTLANTONGO.
American: same as MITLANTONGO.
MILANESE.
ITALIC: sub-dialect of Milan. Vocaby. by Cherubini, Milano, 1814; by
Cappeletti, Milano, 1848.
MILCHAN.
INDO-CHINESE: vernacular dialect of Rampoor, B. India.
MILCOCAYAC.
American: dialect of the Guarpes, Indians of Chili, almost identical
with ALLEUTIAC.
MILICITE.
American: Indians of New Brunswick, using IROQUOIS numerals.
MILLANOW.
Sub-dialect of DYAK in Borneo.
MILLE.
POLYNESIAN: dialect of the Ladrones or Marianne Islands.
MINCOPIE.
Dialect of the Andaman Islands.
⁂ In the Great Andaman island of the Indian Seas at least two
distinct languages are known, viz., that of Colebrooke’s Vocabulary,
and that of Tickell’s. These people are Negritos of small stature and
with glossy skins. Their affinities are with those of the short races
in other parts of the world, and they have probably the most ancient
languages yet known. See “Asiatic Researches,” vol. iv., p. 393; x.,
218. H. C. _See_ PYGMEAN.
MINDANAO, _see_ MAGINDANAO.
MINETARI.
American: dialect of SIOUX, N. division, called “Grosventre,” _i.e._
“big-bellies,” EHATSAR; other dialects are ALASAR, or Fall-Indians,
and KATTANAHAWS. Ludewig, London, 1858, p. 119.
⁂ Dr. Latham objects to the word “Alasar.” According to that great
authority it is a misnomer, arising from some confusion between the
words “Ahnenin” and “Atsina.” The former are classed by Gallatin as
ARRAPAHOES. See “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., where the same vocabulary
is printed as ATSINA. We have no original authority for the word
“Alasar,” but it appears in Jülg’s “Vater,” p. 253. See Trübner’s
“Ludewig,” p. 12; also Latham’s “Elements,” p. 457, where it is shown
that there are two different tribes called Fall-Indians, one ALGONKIN
and one SIOUX.
MINGO.
AMERICAN: tribes of Iroquois, now extinct. Sometimes called MAQUA,
MENGWE.
MINGRELIAN.
Caucasian: sub-dialect of GEORGIAN, closely allied to LAZIC.
Klaproth: “Jnl. Asiatique,” 1829.
MINNESINGERS.
Early minstrels of Germany, using the SWABIAN and other dialects.
See “Manessische Handschrift,” by Vander Hagen, 1838; “Die Deutschen
Minnesänger,” 4 vols. 4to. The MEISTERSANGERS are of a later date.
MINSI.
American: classed as ALGONKIN. Also called MINISTI or MUNSEYI,
meaning “Wolf-tribe.”
⁂ A tribe of the Lenni-Lenape or Delaware Indians; of the others, the
Unalachtgo speak a similar dialect, but the Unami is different.
MIRAMICHI.
American: MIC-MAC of New Brunswick.
MIRANHA.
AMERICAN: dialect of the U. Japura, allied to BARREE. See Vocaby. in
Von Martius, vol. ii., p. 279.
MIRBAT.
Extinct dialect of ARABIC.
MIRDITES.
A local dialect of SKIPETAR, spoken in a political division of
Albania.
MIRI.
Dialect of ASSAMESE, closely allied to ABOR. Vocaby. in Hunter’s
“Comp. Dicty.” _See_ SIBSAGAN.
MIRIAM.
Negritic: collective term for insular dialects of PAPUAN, belonging
to the Torres Straits.
MIRUPS.
BURMESE: dialect of Singpo.
MISHIMI.
INDO-CHINESE: dialect of Assam. “Jnl. Asiat. Socy. of Bengal,” 1837.
MISNIAN.
Teutonic: old HIGH-GERMAN of Meissen, Saxony, but best known by the
later modern or NEW HIGH-GERMAN, found in the writings of Martin
Luther. _See_ LUTHERAN.
MISSIONS, _under_ SAN.
MISSKITO, _see_ MOSQUITO.
MISTECO, _see_ MIXE.
MITHAN.
ASSAMESE: dialect of the Naga tribes, allied to TABLUNG. Vocaby. in
Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
MITHILI.
BENGALI: vernacular in Behar, Hindostan. It is allied to MAGADHA, and
sometimes called TIRHUTYA.
MITLANTONGO.
American: dialect of MISTECO.
MITTEL, _see_ MIDDLE.
MIXE, MIXTECA.
AMERICAN: tribes of Oaxaca in Mexico, speaking several dialects. See
“Catechismo,” Puebla, 1837.
MIYUNG.
Burmese: dialect of SINGPHO.
MIZDZHEDZHI.
CAUCASIAN: Klaproth’s name for the central group of languages which
the Russians call TSHETSH or CHECH. Various spellings are MITSJEGHI,
MIZJEJI, MIZDEGHIC.
MJAMMAW.
Native name for BURMESE. It is a mutation of M into B.
MKUAFI, _see_ UKUAFI.
MOA.
Negritic: sub-dialect of PAPUAN, belonging to the Letti group of the
Serwatty Islands. Vocaby. by Heymering: “Tydschrift voor Ned. Ind.,”
1846. P. J. V.
MOAB, MOABITE.
Name for a supposed variety of HEBREW; pre-historic dialect of Wady
Mujib, the valley of the river Arnon. Known only by the fragments
of an inscription brought from ancient Dibon, now Dîbhan, with
characters resembling those of the PHŒNICIAN alphabet. Treatise by
Dr. Ginsburg, London, 1870.
MOAN, _see_ MON.
MOBBA, MABA, MABANG.
AFRICAN: dialect of Dar-Saleh, E. of Lake Tschad. See Burckhardt’s
“Travels in Nubia,” London, 1819.
MOBILIAN.
American: name for the CHIKKASA of the R. Mobile, spoken in Alabama
and Arkansas.
MOBIMA, _see_ MOVIMA.
MOCHIKA, _see_ YUNGA.
MOCHONO, MUCHOJEONE, MOCOROSI.
AMERICAN: Indians of Moxos in Bolivia, allied to MAIPUR.
MODENESE.
Romance: sub-dialect of ITALIAN.
MODOC _or_ MOADOC.
AMERICAN: small tribe of warlike Indians at Lake Clamet or Klamath,
on the boundaries of California and Oregon. _See_ OK-KOW-ISH.
MŒSO-GOTHIC.
Teutonic: the GOTHIC of ancient Mœsia. See Gabelentz and Löbe:
“Ulphilas,” Leipsic, 1836-1843; also Skeat’s “Mœso-Gothic Glossary”
(Phil. Soc. 1868), in the preface to which is a list of all the
editions of “Ulphilas” and an account of all MSS. written in
Mœso-Gothic, the most famous of the MSS. being the “Codex Argenteus”
at Upsal.
⁂ Prof. Max Müller thinks that the era of Ulphilas should be stated
as 311-381 A.D. The Mœso-Gothic is LOW-GERMAN, and varies widely
in spelling from high-German. This important fact is often passed
over in the text-books, which copy from each other. W. W. S. _See_
SUIO-GOTHIC.
MOGHOL, _see_ MONGOL.
MOGHRIL-EL-AKSA, _see_ MONGREBIN.
MOGIALUA.
African: Douville’s class name for BUNDA and KONGO. See “Voyage au
Congo,” Paris, 1832.
MOHAVE.
American: dialect of U. California, belonging to the YUMA class.
MOHAWK.
American: same as Maqua, a dialect of IROQUOIS formerly spoken on the
R. Mohawk, a tributary of the Hudson, and still spoken to the E. of
N. York State; but these tribes are principally settled in Canada.
Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” vol. ii., p. 482.
MOHEGAN, MOHICAN.
American: tribes of ALGONKIN formerly settled on the Hudson,
sometimes called PEQUOTS. Sub-divisions were MECH-CHAOOH, or
“Wolf-tribe;” “MUCH-QUANH”, or “Bear-tribe;” and TOON-PAOOH, or
“Turtle-tribe.” Vocaby. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 110.
MOHILIAN.
Dialect of the Commorro Is., E. Africa, classed as KAFFIR. H. C.
MOITAY.
Indian tribe on boundaries of Assam and Bengal; also called MECKLEY
and MUGGALU.
MOKO _or_ MOKKO.
African: dialect of BENNI or BINI.
MOKOBY, _see_ MBOKOBI.
MOKOROSI, _see_ MOCHONO.
MOKSCHA, MOKSCHANISCHEN.
UGRIAN: dialects of Orenburg, allied to MORDVINIAN and TCHEREMISS,
both classed as sub-dialects of MORDOWSKAJA. Grammar by Ornatow,
Moskwa, 1838 (Moscow).
MOLDAVIAN.
Romance: dialect of ROUMAN, closely allied to WALLACHIAN.
MOLONGLO.
AUSTRALIAN: See Eyre’s “Journals”, London, 1845.
MOLUA.
AFRICAN: tribes of Guinea. _See_ MOGIALUA.
MOLUCCAS.
MALAYAN: languages of the Spice Islands in the Malay Archipelago.
MOLUCHE.
American: name for ARAUCANIANS. It means “men of the West.” Indians
of Chili.
⁂ In Chileno ethnography the terminal “che” is important: it means
“man”; so the compounds Moluche, Puelche, Huilliche, &c., are all
Chileno names. R. G. L.
MOMENYA.
African: sub-dialect of KAFFIR.
MOMOYEENTSHI.
African: assigned by Barth to the HAMARUA.
MON.
Indo-Chinese: dialect of PEGU, same as TALAIN. Vocaby. in Hunter’s
“Comp. Dicty.”
MONG-JUNG.
INDO-CHINESE: tribes of Laos, speaking a dialect of SIAMESE.
MONGOL _or_ MONGOLIAN.
Correctly MOGHOL, the typical dialect of a large family of Turanian
languages, allied to MANTSHU and TURKEE; it is spoken in Central
Asia, and written in perpendicular lines, reading from left to
right. An old form of character is called BASPA-MOGHOL, and a modern
variation is known as GALIK. Dicty. (1855), Grammar (1831), by
Schmidt, St. Petersburg. _See_ KALMUK.
MONGOYO.
American: a sub-division of CAMACAN spoken in the province of Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, classed as BOTOCUDO. _See_ KAMAKAN.
MONGREBIN, MOGREBIN.
Semitic: a dialect of ARABIC spoken in Africa; it is the vernacular
speech of the Moors (anciently of Mauritania) and vernacular
in Algiers, Barbary, and Marocco. It is called MOORISH or
MOGHRIB-EL-AKSA. Grammar and Vocaby. by De Dombay, Vienne, 1800; see
also “Asiatic Jl.,” 1828.
MONOGRAM.
Single letter, one letter duplicated, any combination of initials
into one device; a single character used for an entire word, as the
Arabic numerals.
MONOSYLLABIC.
A name for certain primitive forms of speech, including CHINESE,
wherein each letter or character represents an entire word, and
polysyllables are recognised by the speaker as compounds. In such
languages “roots are used as words, without change of form.” Also
called ISOLATING.
MONQUI.
American: Hervas’ name for the WAIKUR.
MONSONIK.
American: dialect of CREE.
MONTAGNARDS.
American: French name for the SHESHATAPOOSH.
MONTAK, MONTAUK.
American: Indians of Long Is. “Arch. Amer.,” vol. ii.
MONTE-NEGRO.
Slavonic: sub-dialect of SERVIAN.
MONTESE.
Romance: sub-dialect of WALLOON. See Sigart: “Glossaire Etymologique.”
MOOR (1).
PAPUAN: dialect of Moor or Mohr, an island in Geelvink Bay, on the
north of N. Guinea.
MOOR (2) or MOORISH, _see_ MONGREBIN.
MOORMI, MURMI.
Tribe of E. and Central Nipal, closely allied to GYARUNG. Vocaby. in
Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” A. C.
MOORS.
Hindostani: a jargon or corrupt dialect of BOMBAY and CALCUTTA, much
compounded with ENGLISH and PORTUGUESE.
MOORUNDE.
AUSTRALIAN: same as AIAWONG. Eyre’s “Journals,” London, 1845.
MOQUELUMNE.
American: allied to TALATUI.
MORAVIAN.
Slavonic: same as MAHREN, sub-dialect of CHECK or BOHEMIAN.
MORDOWSKAJA.
UGRIAN: dialect of Orenburg. _See_ MOKSCHA.
MORDVINIAN.
Ugrian: dialect of FINNISH, spoken near the confluence of the Russian
rivers Oka and Volga. Sub-dialects are ERSA and MOKSCHA. Tribes
anciently called Bulghars. Grammar by Wiedemann, St. Petersburg, 1865.
MORELLA.
Batu-Morella: dialect of Amboyna, closely allied to LIANG. Wallace:
“Malay A.” _See_ BATU-MERAH.
MORETON.
AUSTRALIAN: dialect of Moreton I. and Bay.
MOROCCO, MAROCCO.
ARABIC of N. Africa; same as MOORISH. Norberg: “Disputatio, &c.,”
1787. _See_ MONGREBIN.
MOROTOCO.
American: sub-dialect of ZAMUCA.
MORPHOLOGY.
Botanical term: adopted in philology in relation to the general laws
or grammatical structure of a language.
MOSE, MOSI.