underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or
permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive
seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills
Environment--international agreements:
party to: Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography--note: extensive coastlines on Persian Gulf and Red Sea
provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through
Persian Gulf and Suez Canal
People
Population: 21,504,613 (July 1999 est.)
note: includes 5,321,938 non-nationals (July 1999 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 43% (male 4,705,724; female 4,543,918)
15-64 years: 54% (male 6,925,020; female 4,783,570)
65 years and over: 3% (male 291,449; female 254,932) (1999 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.39% (1999 est.)
Birth rate: 37.38 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Death rate: 4.86 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Net migration rate: 1.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.45 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.14 male(s)/female
total population: 1.24 male(s)/female (1999 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 38.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 70.55 years
male: 68.67 years
female: 72.53 years (1999 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.34 children born/woman (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Saudi(s)
adjective: Saudi or Saudi Arabian
Ethnic groups: Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%
Religions: Muslim 100%
Languages: Arabic
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 62.8%
male: 71.5%
female: 50.2% (1995 est.)
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
conventional short form: Saudi Arabia
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Arabiyah as Suudiyah
local short form: Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah
Data code: SA
Government type: monarchy
Capital: Riyadh
Administrative divisions: 13 provinces (mintaqat,
singular--mintaqah); Al Bahah, Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah, Al Jawf, Al
Madinah, Al Qasim, Ar Riyad, Ash Sharqiyah (Eastern Province),
'Asir, Ha'il, Jizan, Makkah, Najran, Tabuk
Independence: 23 September 1932 (unification)
National holiday: Unification of the Kingdom, 23 September (1932)
Constitution: governed according to Shari'a (Islamic law); the
Basic Law that articulates the government's rights and
responsibilities was introduced in 1993
Legal system: based on Islamic law, several secular codes have
been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: none
Executive branch:
chief of state: King and Prime Minister FAHD bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud
(since 13 June 1982); Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime Minister
ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (half-brother to the monarch, heir
to the throne since 13 June 1982, regent from 1 January to 22
February 1996); note--the monarch is both the chief of state and head
of government
head of government: King and Prime Minister FAHD bin Abd al-Aziz Al
Saud (since 13 June 1982); Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime
Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (half-brother to the
monarch, heir to the throne since 13 June 1982, regent from 1
January to 22 February 1996); note--the monarch is both the chief of
state and head of government
cabinet: Council of Ministers is appointed by the monarch and
includes many royal family members
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Legislative branch: a consultative council (90 members and a
chairman appointed by the monarch for four-year terms)
Judicial branch: Supreme Council of Justice
Political parties and leaders: none allowed
International organization participation: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL,
AMF, BIS, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC,
ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat,
Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW,
OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
(applicant)
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador BANDAR bin Sultan bin Abd al-Aziz Al
Saud
chancery: 601 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037
consulate(s) general: Houston, Los Angeles, and New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Wyche FOWLER, Jr.
embassy: Collector Road M, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh
mailing address: American Embassy Riyadh, Unit 61307, APO AE
09803-1307; International Mail: P. O. Box 94309, Riyadh 11693
consulate(s) general: Dhahran, Jiddah (Jeddah)
Flag description: green with large white Arabic script (that may
be translated as There is no God but God; Muhammad is the Messenger
of God) above a white horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist
side); green is the traditional color of Islam
Economy
Economy--overview: This is a well-to-do oil-based economy with
strong government controls over major economic activities. Saudi
Arabia has the largest reserves of petroleum in the world (26% of
the proved total), ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and
plays a leading role in OPEC. The petroleum sector accounts for
roughly 75% of budget revenues, 40% of GDP, and 90% of export
earnings. About 35% of GDP comes from the private sector. Roughly 4
million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy,
for example, in the oil and service sectors. The Saudi economy was
severely hit by the large decline in world oil prices in 1998. GDP
fell by nearly 11%; the budget deficit rose to $12.3 billion; and
the current account recorded a $13 billion deficit--the first in
three years. The government announced plans to implement large
spending cuts in 1999 because of weak oil prices and will continue
to call on greater private sector involvement in the economy.
Shortages of water and rapid population growth will constrain
government efforts to increase self-sufficiency in agricultural
products.
GDP: purchasing power parity--$186 billion (1998 est.)
GDP--real growth rate: -10.8% (1998 est.)
GDP--per capita: purchasing power parity?$9,000 (1998 est.)
GDP--composition by sector:
agriculture: 6%
industry: 53%
services: 41% (1996)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.2% (1998 est.)
Labor force: 7 million
note: 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(July 1998 est.)
Labor force--by occupation: government 40%, industry,
construction, and oil 25%, services 30%, agriculture 5%
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $32.3 billion
expenditures: $44 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1999 budget est.)
Industries: crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic
petrochemicals, cement, two small steel-rolling mills, construction,
fertilizer, plastics
Industrial production growth rate: 1% (1997 est.)
Electricity--production: 95 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity--production by source:
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1996)
Electricity--consumption: 95 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity--exports: 0 kWh (1996)
Electricity--imports: 0 kWh (1996)
Agriculture--products: wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates,
citrus; mutton, chickens, eggs, milk
Exports: $59.7 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
Exports--commodities: petroleum and petroleum products 90%
Exports--partners: Japan 18%, US 15%, South Korea 11%, Singapore
8%, India 4% (1997 est.)
Imports: $26.2 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
Imports--commodities: machinery and equipment, foodstuffs,
chemicals, motor vehicles, textiles
Imports--partners: US 23%, UK 17%, Japan 8%, Germany 8%, Italy 5%
(1997 est.)
Debt--external: $NA
Economic aid--donor: pledged $100 million in 1993 to fund
reconstruction of Lebanon; since 1993, Saudi Arabia has committed
$208 million for assistance to the Palestinians
Currency: 1 Saudi riyal (SR) = 100 halalah
Exchange rates: Saudi riyals (SR) per US$1--3.7450 (fixed rate
since June 1986)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 1.46 million (1993)
Telephone system: modern system
domestic: extensive microwave radio relay and coaxial and
fiber-optic cable systems
international: microwave radio relay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait,
Qatar, UAE, Yemen, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait and Jordan;
submarine cable to Djibouti, Egypt and Bahrain; satellite earth
stations--5 Intelsat (3 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 1
Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 43, FM 13, shortwave 0
Radios: 5 million (1993 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 117 (1997)
Televisions: 4.5 million (1993 est.)
Transportation
Railways:
total: 1,390 km
standard gauge: 1,390 km 1.435-m gauge (448 km double track) (1992)
Highways:
total: 162,000 km
paved: 69,174 km
unpaved: 92,826 km (1996 est.)
Pipelines: crude oil 6,400 km; petroleum products 150 km; natural
gas 2,200 km (includes natural gas liquids 1,600 km)
Ports and harbors: Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Duba, Jiddah, Jizan,
Rabigh, Ra's al Khafji, Mishab, Ras Tanura, Yanbu' al Bahr, Madinat
Yanbu' al Sinaiyah
Merchant marine:
total: 73 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,124,110 GRT/1,467,121
DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 13, chemical tanker 7, container 5,
liquefied gas tanker 1, livestock carrier 4, oil tanker 17,
passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 4, roll-on/roll-off cargo 12,
short-sea passenger 8 (1998 est.)
Airports: 205 (1998 est.)
Airports--with paved runways:
total: 70
over 3,047 m: 30
2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 23
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 2 (1998 est.)
Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 135
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 78
914 to 1,523 m: 38
under 914 m: 13 (1998 est.)
Heliports: 4 (1998 est.)
Military
Military branches: Land Force (Army), Navy, Air Force, Air
Defense Force, National Guard, Ministry of Interior Forces
Military manpower--military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower--availability:
males age 15-49: 5,696,772 (1999 est.)
Military manpower--fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 3,171,860 (1999 est.)
Military manpower--reaching military age annually:
males: 197,386 (1999 est.)
Military expenditures--dollar figure: $18.1 billion (1997 est.)
Military expenditures--percent of GDP: 12% (1997 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes--international: large section of boundary with Yemen not
defined; location and status of boundary with UAE is not final, de
facto boundary reflects 1974 agreement; Kuwaiti ownership of Qaruh
and Umm al Maradim islands is disputed by Saudi Arabia; in 1996,
agreed with Qatar to demarcate border per 1992 accord; that process
is ongoing
Illicit drugs: death penalty for traffickers; increasing
consumption of heroin and cocaine
======================================================================
@Senegal
-------
Geography
Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean,
between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Geographic coordinates: 14 00 N, 14 00 W
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 196,190 sq km
land: 192,000 sq km
water: 4,190 sq km
Area--comparative: slightly smaller than South Dakota
Land boundaries:
total: 2,640 km
border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau
338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Coastline: 531 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has
strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by
hot, dry, harmattan wind
Terrain: generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in
southeast
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m
Natural resources: fish, phosphates, iron ore
Land use:
arable land: 12%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 16%
forests and woodland: 54%
other: 18% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 710 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Environment--current issues: wildlife populations threatened by
poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification;
overfishing
Environment--international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands,
Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping
Geography--note: The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal
People
Population: 10,051,930 (July 1999 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 48% (male 2,403,384; female 2,416,791)
15-64 years: 49% (male 2,360,113; female 2,594,278)
65 years and over: 3% (male 134,765; female 142,599) (1999 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.32% (1999 est.)
Birth rate: 43.88 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Death rate: 10.71 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (1999 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 59.81 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 57.83 years
male: 54.95 years
female: 60.78 years (1999 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.11 children born/woman (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)
adjective: Senegalese
Ethnic groups: Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Diola 3.7%,
Mandink 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Religions: Muslim 92%, indigenous beliefs 6%, Christian 2%
(mostly Roman Catholic)
Languages: French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Diola, Mandingo
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 33.1%
male: 43%
female: 23.2% (1995 est.)
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Senegal
conventional short form: Senegal
local long form: Republique du Senegal
local short form: Senegal
Data code: SG
Government type: republic under multiparty democratic rule
Capital: Dakar
Administrative divisions: 10 regions (regions, singular--region);
Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis,
Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
Independence: 4 April 1960 from France; complete independence was
achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
(The Gambia and Senegal signed an agreement on 12 December 1981 that
called for the creation of a loose confederation to be known as
Senegambia, but the agreement was dissolved on 30 September 1989)
National holiday: Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Constitution: 3 March 1963, revised 1991
Legal system: based on French civil law system; judicial review
of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State
audits the government's accounting office; Senegal has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Abdou DIOUF (since 1 January 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Mamadou Lamine LOUM (since 4 July
1998)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in
consultation with the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term;
election last held 21 February 1993 (next to be held NA February
2000); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Abdou DIOUF reelected president; percent of
vote--Abdou DIOUF (PS) 58.4%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 32.03%, other 9.57%
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee
Nationale (140 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to
serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 24 May 1998 (next to be held NA May 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party--PS 50.19%, PDS 19%, UDS-R
13%, And/Jef-PADS 5%, LD/MPT 4%, CDP/Garab-Gi 2%, FSD 1%, PDS-R 1%,
RND 1%, BCG 1%, PIT 1% ; seats by party--PS 93, PDS 23, UDS-R 11,
And-Jef/PADS 4, LD-MPT 3, CDP/Garab-Gi 1, FSD 1, PDS-R 1, RND 1, BCG
1, PIT 1
Judicial branch: under the terms of a reform of the judicial
system implemented in 1992, the principal organs of the judiciary
are as follows; Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of
Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals
Political parties and leaders: African Party for Democracy and
secretary general]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT
Political pressure groups and leaders: students; teachers; labor;
Muslim brotherhoods
International organization participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC,
ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,
ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat,
Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MINURCA, MIPONUH, MONUA, NAM, OAU, OIC,
OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH,
UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Mamadou Mansour SECK
chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Dane Farnsworth SMITH, Jr.
embassy: Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Avenue Kleber, Dakar
mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar
Flag description: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist
side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered
in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Economy
Economy--overview: In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and
ambitious economic reform program with the support of the
international donor community. This reform began with a 50%
devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which is linked at
a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and
subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy
contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround,
thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5%
annually in 1995-98. Annual inflation has been pushed below 2%, and
the fiscal deficit has been cut to less than 1.5% of GDP. Investment
rose steadily from 13.8% of GDP in 1993 to 16.5% in 1997. As a
member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA),
Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a
unified external tariff. Senegal also realized full Internet
connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom in information
technology-based services. Private activity now accounts for 82% of
GDP. On the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems
of chronic unemployment, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction.
Forecasters predict growth will continue in the 5% range in
1999-2000.
GDP: purchasing power parity--$15.6 billion (1998 est.)
GDP--real growth rate: 5.7% (1998 est.)
GDP--per capita: purchasing power parity?$1,600 (1998 est.)
GDP--composition by sector:
agriculture: 19%
industry: 17%
services: 64% (1996 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 1.4%
highest 10%: 42.8% (1991)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.8% (1998 est.)
Labor force: NA
Labor force--by occupation: agriculture 60%
Unemployment rate: NA%; urban youth 40%
Budget:
revenues: $885 million
expenditures: $885 million, including capital expenditures of $125
million (1996 est.)
Industries: agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining,
fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials
Industrial production growth rate: 7% (1998 est.)
Electricity--production: 1.027 billion kWh (1997 est.)
Electricity--production by source:
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1996)
Electricity--consumption: 730 million kWh (1996)
Electricity--exports: 0 kWh (1997)
Electricity--imports: 0 kWh (1997)
Agriculture--products: peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice,
cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish
Exports: $925 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports--commodities: fish, ground nuts (peanuts), petroleum
products, phosphates, cotton
Exports--partners: France 20%, other EU countries, India, Cote
d'Ivoire, Mali (1996)
Imports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1998)
Imports--commodities: foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital
goods, petroleum products
Imports--partners: France 36%, other EU countries, Nigeria,
Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Algeria, US, China, Japan (1996)
Debt--external: $3.8 billion (1997)
Economic aid--recipient: $647.5 million (1995)
Currency: 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100
centimes
Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per
US$1--560.01 (December 1998), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55
(1966), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 81,988 (1995 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial
cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system
international: 4 submarine cables; satellite earth station--1
Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 6, shortwave 1
Radios: 850,000 (1993 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 1 (1997)
Televisions: 61,000 (1993 est.)
Transportation
Railways:
total: 904 km
narrow gauge: 904 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double track) (1995)
Highways:
total: 14,576 km
paved: 4,271 km
unpaved: 10,305 km (1996 est.)
Waterways: 897 km total; 785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km
on the Saloum river
Ports and harbors: Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard-Toll,
Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor
Merchant marine:
total: 1 bulk ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,995 GRT/3,775 DWT
(1998 est.)
Airports: 20 (1998 est.)
Airports--with paved runways:
total: 10
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (1998 est.)
Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 1 (1998 est.)
Military
Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie,
National Police (Surete Nationale)
Military manpower--military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower--availability:
males age 15-49: 2,096,438 (1999 est.)
Military manpower--fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 1,095,047 (1999 est.)
Military manpower--reaching military age annually:
males: 103,348 (1999 est.)
Military expenditures--dollar figure: $68 million (1997)
Military expenditures--percent of GDP: 1.4% (1997)
Transnational Issues
Disputes--international: short section of boundary with The Gambia
is indefinite
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast
Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator
of cannabis
======================================================================
@Serbia and Montenegro
---------------------
Introduction
Background: Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of
a joint independent state, but this entity has not been formally
recognized as a state by the US. The US view is that the Socialist
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and that none of
the successor republics represents its continuation.
Geography
Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea,
between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Geographic coordinates: 44 00 N, 21 00 E
Map references: Europe
Area:
total: 102,350 sq km (Serbia 88,412 sq km; Montenegro 13,938 sq km)
land: 102,136 sq km (Serbia 88,412 sq km; Montenegro 13,724 sq km)
water: 214 sq km (Serbia 0 sq km; Montenegro 214 sq km)