Kenitra, Mohammedia, Nador, Rabat, Safi, Tangier; also
Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla
Merchant marine:
total: 40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 217,869 GRT/263,033 DWT
ships by type: cargo 8, chemical tanker 6, container 3, oil tanker
3, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 8,
short-sea passenger 1 (1998 est.)
Airports: 69 (1998 est.)
Airports--with paved runways:
total: 26
over 3,047 m: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (1998 est.)
Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 43
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 21
under 914 m: 11 (1998 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1998 est.)
Military
Military branches: Royal Armed Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air
Force), Gendarmerie, Auxiliary Forces
Military manpower--military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower--availability:
males age 15-49: 7,735,597 (1999 est.)
Military manpower--fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 4,888,595 (1999 est.)
Military manpower--reaching military age annually:
males: 320,040 (1999 est.)
Military expenditures--dollar figure: $1.3611 billion (FY97/98)
Military expenditures--percent of GDP: 3.8% (FY97/98)
Transnational Issues
Disputes--international: claims and administers Western Sahara,
but sovereignty is unresolved and the UN is attempting to hold a
referendum on the issue; the UN-administered cease-fire has been in
effect since September 1991; Spain controls five places of
sovereignty (plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of
Morocco--the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla which Morocco
contests, as well as the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de
Velez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of hashish; trafficking on the
increase for both domestic and international drug markets; shipments
of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for
cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe
======================================================================
@Mozambique
----------
Geography
Location: Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel,
between South Africa and Tanzania
Geographic coordinates: 18 15 S, 35 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 801,590 sq km
land: 784,090 sq km
water: 17,500 sq km
Area--comparative: slightly less than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:
total: 4,571 km
border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland
105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
Coastline: 2,470 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical to subtropical
Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high
plateaus in northwest, mountains in west
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m
Natural resources: coal, titanium, natural gas
Land use:
arable land: 4%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 56%
forests and woodland: 18%
other: 22% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 1,180 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: severe droughts and floods occur in central and
southern provinces; devastating cyclones
Environment--current issues: a long civil war and recurrent
drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of
the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental
consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal
waters
Environment--international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
People
Population: 19,124,335 (July 1999 est.)
note: the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of
16,542,800; other estimates range as low as 16.9 million
Age structure:
0-14 years: 45% (male 4,236,545; female 4,325,586)
15-64 years: 53% (male 4,941,048; female 5,181,282)
65 years and over: 2% (male 182,857; female 257,017) (1999 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.54% (1999 est.)
Birth rate: 42.75 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Death rate: 17.31 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (1999 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 117.56 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 45.89 years
male: 44.73 years
female: 47.09 years (1999 est.)
Total fertility rate: 5.88 children born/woman (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Mozambican(s)
adjective: Mozambican
Ethnic groups: indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe,
Manyika, Sena, Makua, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans
0.2%, Indians 0.08%
Religions: indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%
Languages: Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 40.1%
male: 57.7%
female: 23.3% (1995 est.)
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique
conventional short form: Mozambique
local long form: Republica de Mocambique
local short form: Mocambique
Data code: MZ
Government type: republic
Capital: Maputo
Administrative divisions: 10 provinces (provincias,
singular--provincia); Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo,
Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia
Independence: 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
National holiday: Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
Constitution: 30 November 1990
Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary
law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November
1986); note--before being popularly elected, CHISSANO was elected
president by Frelimo's Central Committee 4 November 1986 (reelected
by the Committee 30 July 1989)
head of government: Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI (since NA
December 1994)
cabinet: Cabinet
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 27 October 1994 (next to be held NA October
1999); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO elected president;
percent of vote--Joaquim CHISSANO 53.3%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 33.3%
Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or
Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by
popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 27-29 October 1994 (next to be held NA October
1999)
election results: percent of vote by party--Frelimo 44.33%, Renamo
33.78%, DU 5.15%, other 16.74%; seats by party--Frelimo 129, Renamo
112, DU 9
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges appointed by the president
and judges elected by the Assembly
Political parties and leaders: Front for the Liberation of
Alberto CHISSANO, chairman]; Mozambique National Resistance
secretary]; note--the DU may have broken up into the three parties
that composed it--Liberal and Democratic Party of Mozambique,
National Democratic Party, and National Party of Mozambique
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA,
FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO
(pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC,
IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, SADC, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Marcos Geraldo NAMASHULUA
chancery: Suite 570, 1990 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Bryan Dean CURRAN
embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo
mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo
Flag description: three equal horizontal bands of green (top),
black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist
side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is
a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black
superimposed on an open white book
Economy
Economy--overview: Before the peace accord of October 1992,
Mozambique's economy was devastated by a protracted civil war and
socialist mismanagement. In 1994, it ranked as one of the poorest
countries in the world. Since then, Mozambique has undertaken a
series of economic reforms. Almost all aspects of the economy have
been liberalized to some extent. More than 900 state enterprises
have been privatized. Pending are tax and much needed commercial
code reform, as well as greater private sector involvement in the
transportation, telecommunications, and energy sectors. Since 1996,
inflation has been low and foreign exchange rates stable. Albeit
from a small base, Mozambique achieved one of the highest growth
rates in the world in 1997-98. Still, the country depends on foreign
assistance to balance the budget and to pay for a trade imbalance in
which imports outnumber exports by three to one. The medium-term
outlook for the country looks bright, as trade and transportation
links to South Africa and the rest of the region are expected to
improve and sizable foreign investments materialize. Among these
investments are metal production (aluminum, steel), natural gas,
power generation, agriculture (cotton, sugar), fishing, timber, and
transportation services. Additional exports in these areas should
bring in needed foreign exchange.
GDP: purchasing power parity--$16.8 billion (1998 est.)
GDP--real growth rate: 11% (1998 est.)
GDP--per capita: purchasing power parity?$900 (1998 est.)
GDP--composition by sector:
agriculture: 35%
industry: 13%
services: 52% (1996 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): -1.3% (1998 est.)
Labor force: NA
Labor force--by occupation: agriculture 80%, industry 9.5%,
services 5.5%, wage earners working abroad 5% (1993 est)
Unemployment rate: NA
Budget:
revenues: $402 million
expenditures: $799 million, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1997 est.)
Industries: food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap,
paints), petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos,
tobacco
Industrial production growth rate: 39% (1997)
Electricity--production: 426 million kWh (1997)
Electricity--production by source: NA%
Electricity--consumption: 1.11 billion kWh (1997)
Electricity--exports: 0 kWh (1996)
Electricity--imports: 685.6 million kWh (1997)
Agriculture--products: cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea,
cassava (tapioca), corn, rice, tropical fruits; beef, poultry
Exports: $295 million (f.o.b., 1998 est.)
Exports--commodities: shrimp 40%, cashews, cotton, sugar, copra,
citrus (1997)
Exports--partners: Spain 17%, South Africa 16%, Portugal 12%, US
10%, Japan, Malawi, India, Zimbabwe (1996 est.)
Imports: $965 million (c.i.f., 1998 est.)
Imports--commodities: food, clothing, farm equipment, petroleum
(1997)
Imports--partners: South Africa 55%, Zimbabwe 7%, Saudi Arabia 5%,
Portugal 4%, US, Japan, India (1996 est.)
Debt--external: $5.7 billion (December 1997)
Economic aid--recipient: $1.115 billion (1995)
Currency: 1 metical (Mt) = 100 centavos
Exchange rates: meticais (Mt) per US$1--12,394.0 (January 1999),
11,874.6 (1998), 11.543.6 (1997), 11,293.8 (1996), 9,024.3 (1995),
6,038.6 (1994)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 70,000 (1998 est.)
Telephone system: fair system of tropospheric scatter, open-wire
lines, and microwave radio relay
domestic: microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter
international: satellite earth stations--5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean
and 3 Indian Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 29, FM 4, shortwave 0
Radios: 700,000 (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 1 (1997)
Televisions: 44,000 (1992 est.)
Transportation
Railways:
total: 3,131 km
narrow gauge: 2,988 km 1.067-m gauge; 143 km 0.762-m gauge (1994)
Highways:
total: 30,400 km
paved: 5,685 km
unpaved: 24,715 km (1996 est.)
Waterways: about 3,750 km of navigable routes
Pipelines: crude oil 306 km; petroleum products 289 km
note: not operating
Ports and harbors: Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba,
Quelimane
Merchant marine:
total: 3 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,125 GRT/7,024
DWT (1998 est.)
Airports: 174 (1998 est.)
Airports--with paved runways:
total: 22
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 4 (1998 est.)
Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 152
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
914 to 1,523 m: 39
under 914 m: 96 (1998 est.)
Military
Military branches: Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense
Forces, Militia
Military manpower--availability:
males age 15-49: 4,385,483 (1999 est.)
Military manpower--fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 2,526,447 (1999 est.)
Military expenditures--dollar figure: $72 million (FY97)
Military expenditures--percent of GDP: 4.7% (1997)
Transnational Issues
Disputes--international: none
Illicit drugs: Southern African transit hub for South American
cocaine probably destined for the European and US markets; producer
of hashish and methaqualone
======================================================================
@Namibia
-------
Geography
Location: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean,
between Angola and South Africa
Geographic coordinates: 22 00 S, 17 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 825,418 sq km
land: 825,418 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area--comparative: slightly more than half the size of Alaska
Land boundaries:
total: 3,824 km
border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa
855 km, Zambia 233 km
Coastline: 1,572 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic
Terrain: mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari
Desert in east
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Konigstein 2,606 m
Natural resources: diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead, tin,
lithium, cadmium, zinc, salt, vanadium, natural gas, fish; suspected
deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore
Land use:
arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 46%
forests and woodland: 22%
other: 31% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 60 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: prolonged periods of drought
Environment--current issues: very limited natural fresh water
resources; desertification
Environment--international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
People
Population: 1,648,270 (July 1999 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 44% (male 366,030; female 358,105)
15-64 years: 52% (male 424,879; female 435,116)
65 years and over: 4% (male 26,787; female 37,353) (1999 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.57% (1999 est.)
Birth rate: 35.63 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Death rate: 19.92 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (1999 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 65.94 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 41.26 years
male: 41.64 years
female: 40.87 years (1999 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.94 children born/woman (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Namibian(s)
adjective: Namibian
Ethnic groups: black 86%, white 6.6%, mixed 7.4%
note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9%
to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are: Herero 7%, Damara
7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%
Religions: Christian 80% to 90% (Lutheran 50% at least, other
Christian denominations 30%), native religions 10% to 20%
Languages: English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of
most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German
32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 38%
male: 45%
female: 31% (1960 est.)
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Namibia
conventional short form: Namibia
Data code: WA
Government type: republic
Capital: Windhoek
Administrative divisions: 13 regions; Caprivi, Erongo, Hardap,
Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Okavango, Omaheke, Omusati,
Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa
Independence: 21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)
National holiday: Independence Day, 21 March (1990)
Constitution: ratified 9 February 1990; effective 12 March 1990
Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Sam NUJOMA (since 21 March 1990); note--the
president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Sam NUJOMA (since 21 March 1990);
note--the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members
of the National Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;
election last held 7-8 December 1994 (next to be held NA December
1999)
election results: Sam NUJOMA elected president; percent of vote--76%
Legislative branch: bicameral legislature consists of the
National Council (26 seats; two members are chosen from each
regional council to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly
(72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year
terms)
elections: National Council--last held 30 November-1 December 1998
(next to be held by December 2004); National Assembly--last held 7-8
December 1994 (next to be held NA December 1999)
election results: National Council--percent of vote by party--NA;
seats by party--NA; National Assembly--percent of vote by party--SWAPO
73.89%, DTA 20.78%, UDF 2.72%, DCN 0.83%, MAG 0.82%; seats by
party--SWAPO 53, DTA 15, UDF 2, MAG 1, DCN 1
note: the National Council is a purely advisory body
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges appointed by the president
Political parties and leaders: South West Africa People's
KATJIUONGUA]
Political pressure groups and leaders: NA
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA,
FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU,
MONUA, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO,
UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Usko SHIVUTE
chancery: 1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador George F. WARD, Jr.
embassy: Ausplan Building, 14 Lossen St., Private Bag 12029
Ausspannplatz, Windhoek
mailing address: use embassy street address
Flag description: a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst
fills the upper left section and an equal green triangle (solid)
fills the lower right section; the triangles are separated by a red
stripe that is contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders
Economy
Economy--overview: The economy is heavily dependent on the
extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts
for 20% of GDP. Namibia is the fourth-largest exporter of nonfuel
minerals in Africa and the world's fifth-largest producer of
uranium. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary
source for gem-quality diamonds. Namibia also produces large
quantities of lead, zinc, tin, silver, and tungsten. Half of the
population depends on agriculture (largely subsistence agriculture)
for its livelihood. Namibia must import some of its food. Although
per capita GDP is three times the per capita GDP of Africa's poorer
countries, the majority of Namibia's people live in pronounced
poverty because of the great inequality of income distribution and
the large amounts going to foreigners. The Namibian economy has
close links to South Africa.
GDP: purchasing power parity--$6.6 billion (1998 est.)
GDP--real growth rate: 2% (1998 est.)
GDP--per capita: purchasing power parity?$4,100 (1998 est.)
GDP--composition by sector:
agriculture: 11%
industry: 34%
services: 55% (1997 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1996 est.)
Labor force: 500,000
Labor force--by occupation: agriculture 49%, industry and commerce
25%, services 5%, government 18%, mining 3% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate: 30% to 40%, including underemployment (1997
est.)
Budget:
revenues: $1.1 billion
expenditures: $1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $193
million (FY96/97 est.)
Industries: meat packing, fish processing, dairy products; mining
(diamond, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)
Industrial production growth rate: 10% (1994)
Electricity--production: 0 kWh (1996)
Electricity--production by source:
fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA%
nuclear: NA%
other: NA%
Electricity--consumption: 1.11 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity--exports: 0 kWh (1996)
Electricity--imports: 1.11 billion kWh (1996)
note: imports electricity from South Africa
Agriculture--products: millet, sorghum, peanuts; livestock; fish
Exports: $1.44 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.)
Exports--commodities: diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium;
cattle, processed fish, karakul skins
Exports--partners: UK 38%, South Africa 24%, Spain 12%, Japan 7%
(1996 est.)
Imports: $1.48 billion (f.o.b., 1998 est.)
Imports--commodities: foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel,
machinery and equipment, chemicals
Imports--partners: South Africa 87%, Germany, US, Japan (1995 est.)
Debt--external: $315 million (1996 est.)
Economic aid--recipient: $127 million (1998)
Currency: 1 Namibian dollar (N$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Nambian dollars (N$) per US$1--5.98380 (January
1999), 5.52828 (1998), 4.60796 (1997), 4.29935 (1996), 3.62709
(1995), 3.55080 (1994)
Fiscal year: 1 April--31 March
Communications
Telephones: 89,722 (1992 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: good urban services; fair rural service; microwave radio
relay links major towns; connections to other populated places are
by open wire
international: NA
note: a fully automated digital network is being implemented
Radio broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 40, shortwave 0
Radios: 195,000 (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 8 (of which five are main stations
and three are low-power stations; there are also about 20 low-power
repeaters) (1997)
Televisions: 27,000 (1993 est.)
Transportation
Railways:
total: 2,382 km
narrow gauge: 2,382 km 1.067-m gauge; single track (1995)
Highways:
total: 64,799 km
paved: 7,841 km
unpaved: 56,958 km (1996 est.)
Ports and harbors: Luderitz, Walvis Bay
Merchant marine: none
Airports: 135 (1998 est.)
Airports--with paved runways:
total: 22
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 15
914 to 1,523 m: 3 (1998 est.)
Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 113
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 20
914 to 1,523 m: 70
under 914 m: 21 (1998 est.)
Military