economics, freezing spending, easing price controls, liberalizing
domestic and international trade. Mongolia's severe climate,
scattered population, and wide expanses of unproductive land,
however, have constrained economic development. Economic activity
traditionally has been based on agriculture and the breeding of
livestock. In past years, extensive mineral resources had been
developed with Soviet support; total Soviet assistance at its height
amounted to 30% of GDP, but disappeared almost overnight in 1990-91.
The mining and processing of coal, copper, molybdenum, tin,
tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial
production. The Mongolian leadership has been soliciting support
from foreign donors and economic growth picked up in 1997 and 1998
after stalling in 1996 due to a series of natural disasters and
declines in world prices of copper and cashmere. Mongolia joined the
World Trade Organization in 1997.
GDP: purchasing power parity--$5.8 billion (1998 est.)
GDP--real growth rate: 3.5% (1998 est.)
GDP--per capita: purchasing power parity?$2,250 (1998 est.)
GDP--composition by sector:
agriculture: 31%
industry: 35%
services: 34% (1997 est.)
Population below poverty line: 36.3% (1995 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 24.5% (1995)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6% (1998)
Labor force: 1.115 million (mid-1993 est.)
Labor force--by occupation: primarily herding/agricultural
Unemployment rate: 4.5% (1998)
Budget:
revenues: $260 million (1998)
expenditures: $330 million (1998)
Industries: copper, construction materials, mining (particularly
coal); food and beverage, processing of animal products
Industrial production growth rate: 4.5% (1997 est.)
Electricity--production: 2.3 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity--production by source:
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1996)
Electricity--consumption: 2.681 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity--exports: 0 kWh (1996)
Electricity--imports: 381 million kWh (1996)
Agriculture--products: wheat, barley, potatoes, forage crops;
sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses
Exports: $316.8 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports--commodities: copper, livestock, animal products,
cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals
Exports--partners: China 30.1%, Switzerland 21.5%, Russia 12.1%,
South Korea 9.7%, US 8.1% (1998)
Imports: $472.4 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Imports--commodities: machinery and equipment, fuels, food
products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials,
sugar, tea
Imports--partners: Russia 30.6%, China 13.3%, Japan 11.7%, South
Korea 7.5%, US 6.9% (1998)
Debt--external: $500 million (1996 est.)
Economic aid--recipient: $250 million (1998 est.)
Currency: 1 tughrik (Tug) = 100 mongos
Exchange rates: tughriks (Tug) per US$1--902 (January 1999),
840.83 (1998), 789.99 (1997), 548.40 (1996), 448.61 (1995), 412.72
(1994)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones: 93,600 (1998)
Telephone system:
domestic: NA
international: satellite earth station--1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean
Region)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 0
Radios: 220,000
Television broadcast stations: 1 (in addition, there are 18
provincial repeaters) (1997)
Televisions: 120,000 (1993 est.)
Transportation
Railways:
total: 1,928 km
broad gauge: 1,928 km 1.524-m gauge (1994)
Highways:
total: 46,470 km
paved: 3,730 km
unpaved: 42,740 km (1997 est.)
note: much of the unpaved rural road system consists of rough
cross-country tracks
Waterways: 397 km of principal routes (1988)
Ports and harbors: none
Airports: 34 (1994 est.)
Airports--with paved runways:
total: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
under 914 m: 1 (1994 est.)
Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 26
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 5 (1994 est.)
Military
Military branches: Mongolian People's Army (includes Internal
Security Forces and Frontier Guards), Air Force
Military manpower--military age: 18 years of age
Military manpower--availability:
males age 15-49: 702,141 (1999 est.)
Military manpower--fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 457,270 (1999 est.)
Military manpower--reaching military age annually:
males: 28,613 (1999 est.)
Military expenditures--dollar figure: $20.3 million (1997)
Military expenditures--percent of GDP: 2% (1997)
Transnational Issues
Disputes--international: none
======================================================================
@Montserrat
----------
Geography
Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of
Puerto Rico
Geographic coordinates: 16 45 N, 62 12 W
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
total: 100 sq km
land: 100 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area--comparative: about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 40 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 3 nm
Climate: tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Terrain: volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal
lowland
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Chances Peak 914 m
Natural resources: NEGL
Land use:
arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 10%
forests and woodland: 40%
other: 30% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Natural hazards: severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic
eruptions (full-scale eruptions of the Soufriere Hills volcano
occurred during 1996-97)
Environment--current issues: land erosion occurs on slopes that
have been cleared for cultivation
Environment--international agreements:
party to: NA
signed, but not ratified: NA
People
Population: 12,853 (July 1999 est.)
note: demographic figures include an estimated 8,000 refugees who
left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in
July 1995
Age structure:
0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA
65 years and over: NA
Population growth rate: 0.21% (1999 est.)
Birth rate: 13.87 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Death rate: 9.88 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 12 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 75.56 years
male: 73.79 years
female: 77.37 years (1999 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.78 children born/woman (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Montserratian(s)
adjective: Montserratian
Ethnic groups: black, white
Religions: Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal,
Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations
Languages: English
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 97%
male: 97%
female: 97% (1970 est.)
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Montserrat
Data code: MH
Dependency status: overseas territory of the UK
Government type: NA
Capital: Plymouth (abandoned in 1997 due to volcanic activity;
interim government buildings have been built at Brades, in the
Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat)
Administrative divisions: 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint
Georges, Saint Peter's
Independence: none (overseas territory of the UK)
National holiday: Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen
(second Saturday of June)
Constitution: present constitution came into force 19 December
1989
Legal system: English common law and statutory law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),
represented by Governor Anthony John ABBOTT (since NA September 1997)
head of government: Chief Minister David BRANDT (since 22 August
1997)
cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief
minister, three other ministers, the attorney general, and the
finance secretary
elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the
monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority
party usually becomes chief minister; note--as a result of the last
election, a coalition party was formed between NPP, NDP, and one of
the independent candidates
Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 7
popularly elected; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 11 November 1996 (next to be held by NA 2001)
election results: percent of vote by party--NA; seats by party--PPA 2,
MNR 2, NPP 1, independent 2
Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint
Lucia) (one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands
and presides over the High Court)
Political parties and leaders: National Progressive Party or NPP
International organization participation: Caricom, CDB, ECLAC
(associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, WCL
Diplomatic representation in the US: none (overseas territory of
the UK)
Diplomatic representation from the US: none (overseas territory
of the UK)
Flag description: blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper
hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in
the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman
standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross
Economy
Economy--overview: Severe volcanic activity, which began in July
1995, put a damper on this small, open economy throughout 1996-98. A
catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the air and sea ports,
causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the
12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998,
but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector
continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming
and the destruction of crops. Construction was the dominant activity
in 1997 and 1998. GDP probably declined again in 1998. Prospects for
the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the
volcano and on public sector construction activity. The UK has
committed about $100 million in 1996-98 to help reconstruct the
economy.
GDP: purchasing power parity--$36 million (1997 est.)
GDP--real growth rate: -18.5% (1997 est.)
GDP--per capita: purchasing power parity?$NA
GDP--composition by sector:
agriculture: 5.4%
industry: 13.6%
services: 81% (1996 est.)
Population below poverty line: NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5% (1997)
Labor force: 4,521 (1992); note--later substantially lowered by
flight of people from volcanic activity
Labor force--by occupation: community, social, and personal
services 40.5%, construction 13.5%, trade, restaurants, and hotels
12.3%, manufacturing 10.5%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 8.8%,
other 14.4% (1983 est.)
Unemployment rate: 20% (1996 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $31.4 million
expenditures: $31.6 million, including capital expenditures of $8.4
million (1997 est.)
Industries: tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricity--production: 15 million kWh (1996)
Electricity--production by source:
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1996)
Electricity--consumption: 15 million kWh (1996)
Electricity--exports: 0 kWh (1996)
Electricity--imports: 0 kWh (1996)
Agriculture--products: cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes,
onions, peppers; livestock products
Exports: $8.2 million (1997)
Exports--commodities: electronic components, plastic bags,
apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle
Exports--partners: US, Ireland
Imports: $26.1 million (1997)
Imports--commodities: machinery and transportation equipment,
foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related
materials
Imports--partners: NA
Debt--external: $8.9 million (1997)
Economic aid--recipient: $9.8 million (1995); note?about $100
million (1996-98) in reconstruction aid from the UK
Currency: 1 East Caribbean dollar (EC$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.7000
(fixed rate since 1976)
Fiscal year: 1 April--31 March
Communications
Telephones: 3,000
Telephone system:
domestic: NA
international: NA
Radio broadcast stations: AM 8, FM 4, shortwave 0
Radios: 6,000 (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 1 (1997)
Televisions: 2,000 (1992 est.)
Transportation
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: 269 km
paved: 203 km
unpaved: 66 km (1995)
Ports and harbors: Plymouth (abandoned), Little Bay (anchorages
and ferry landing), Carr's Bay
Merchant marine: none
Airports: 1 (1998 est.)
Airports--with paved runways:
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (1998 est.)
Military
Military branches: Police Force
Military--note: defense is the responsibility of the UK
Transnational Issues
Disputes--international: none
======================================================================
@Morocco
-------
Geography
Location: Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and
the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara
Geographic coordinates: 32 00 N, 5 00 W
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 446,550 sq km
land: 446,300 sq km
water: 250 sq km
Area--comparative: slightly larger than California
Land boundaries:
total: 2,017.9 km
border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain
(Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km
Coastline: 1,835 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior
Terrain: northern coast and interior are mountainous with large
areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal
plains
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Sebkha Tah -55 m
highest point: Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m
Natural resources: phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc,
fish, salt
Land use:
arable land: 21%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 47%
forests and woodland: 20%
other: 11% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 12,580 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: northern mountains geologically unstable and
subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts
Environment--current issues: land degradation/desertification
(soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing,
destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw
sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters
Environment--international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea
Geography--note: strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar
People
Population: 29,661,636 (July 1999 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 36% (male 5,409,322; female 5,208,742)
15-64 years: 60% (male 8,773,625; female 8,922,976)
65 years and over: 4% (male 619,164; female 727,807) (1999 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.84% (1999 est.)
Birth rate: 25.78 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Death rate: 6.12 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Net migration rate: -1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (1999 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 50.96 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 68.87 years
male: 66.85 years
female: 70.99 years (1999 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.24 children born/woman (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Moroccan(s)
adjective: Moroccan
Ethnic groups: Arab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2%
Religions: Muslim 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2%
Languages: Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the
language of business, government, and diplomacy
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 43.7%
male: 56.6%
female: 31% (1995 est.)
Government
Country name:
conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco
conventional short form: Morocco
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah
local short form: Al Maghrib
Data code: MO
Government type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Rabat
Administrative divisions: 37 provinces and 2 wilayas*; Agadir, Al
Hoceima, Azilal, Beni Mellal, Ben Slimane, Boulemane, Casablanca*,
Chaouen, El Jadida, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Er Rachidia, Essaouira,
Fes, Figuig, Guelmim, Ifrane, Kenitra, Khemisset, Khenifra,
Khouribga, Laayoune, Larache, Marrakech, Meknes, Nador, Ouarzazate,
Oujda, Rabat-Sale*, Safi, Settat, Sidi Kacem, Tanger, Tan-Tan,
Taounate, Taroudannt, Tata, Taza, Tetouan, Tiznit
note: three additional provinces of Ad Dakhla (Oued Eddahab),
Boujdour, and Es Smara as well as parts of Tan-Tan and Laayoune fall
within Moroccan-claimed Western Sahara;
decentralization/regionalization law passed by the legislature in
March 1997 creating many new provinces/regions; specific details and
scope of the reorganization not yet available
Independence: 2 March 1956 (from France)
National holiday: National Day, 3 March (1961) (anniversary of
King HASSAN II's accession to the throne)
Constitution: 10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992, amended
(to create bicameral legislature) September 1996
Legal system: based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil
law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional
Chamber of Supreme Court
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: King HASSAN II (since 3 March 1961)
head of government: Prime Minister Abderrahmane YOUSSOUFI (since 14
March 1998)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed
by the monarch following legislative elections
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper
house or Chamber of Counselors (270 seats; members elected
indirectly by local councils, professional organizations, and labor
syndicates for nine-year terms; one-third of the members are renewed
every three years) and a lower house or Chamber of Representatives
(325 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)
elections: Chamber of Counselors--last held 5 December 1997 (next to
be held NA December 2000); Chamber of Representatives--last held 14
November 1997 (next to be held NA November 2002)
election results: Chamber of Counselors--percent of vote by party--NA;
seats by party--RNI 42, MDS 33, UC 28, MP 27, PND 21, IP 21, USFP 16,
MNP 15, UT 13, FFD 12, CDT 11, UTM 8, PPS 7, PSD 4, PDI 4, UGTM 3,
UNMT 2, other 3; Chamber of Representatives--percent of vote by
party--NA; seats by party--USFP 57, UC 50, RNI 46, MP 40, MDS 32, IP
32, MNP 19, PND 10, MPCD 9, PPS 9, FFD 9, PSD 5, OADP 4, PA 2, PDI 1
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are appointed on the
recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided
over by the monarch
Political parties and leaders:
ARCHANE]
labor unions and community organizations (indirect elections only):
International organization participation: ABEDA, ACCT
(associate), AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, FAO, G-77,
IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO
(pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM
(observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE
(partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Mohamed BENAISSA
chancery: 1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Edward M. GABRIEL
embassy: 2 Avenue de Marrakech, Rabat
mailing address: PSC 74, Box 3, APO AE 09718
consulate(s) general: Casablanca
Flag description: red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear
star) known as Solomon's seal in the center of the flag; green is
the traditional color of Islam
Economy
Economy--overview: Morocco faces the problems typical of
developing countries--restraining government spending, reducing
constraints on private activity and foreign trade, and keeping
inflation within manageable bounds. Since the early 1980s the
government has pursued an economic program toward these objectives
with the support of the IMF, the World Bank, and the Paris Club of
creditors. The dirham is now fully convertible for current account
transactions; reforms of the financial sector have been implemented;
and state enterprises are slowly being privatized. Drought
conditions in 1997 depressed activity in the key agricultural
sector, holding down exports and contributing to a 2.2% contraction
in real GDP. Favorable rainfalls in the fall of 1997 have led to
6.8% real GDP growth in 1998. Growth is forecast to be about 4.0% in
1999. Formidable long-term challenges include: servicing the
external debt; preparing the economy for freer trade with the EU;
and improving education and attracting foreign investment to improve
living standards and job propects for Morocco's youthful population.
GDP: purchasing power parity--$107 billion (1998 est.)
GDP--real growth rate: 6.8% (1998 est.)
GDP--per capita: purchasing power parity?$3,200 (1998 est.)
GDP--composition by sector:
agriculture: 14%
industry: 33%
services: 53% (1997)
Population below poverty line: 13.1% (1990-91 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 30.5% (1990-91)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2%-3% (1998 est.)
Labor force: 11 million (1997 est.)
Labor force--by occupation: agriculture 50%, services 26%,
industry 15%, other 9% (1985)
Unemployment rate: 19% (1998 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $8.4 billion
expenditures: $10 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.8
billion (FY97/98 est.)
Industries: phosphate rock mining and processing, food
processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism
Industrial production growth rate: 4.1% (1997 est.)
Electricity--production: 11.5 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity--production by source:
fossil fuel: 95.65%
hydro: 4.35%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1996)
Electricity--consumption: 12.52 billion kWh (1996)
Electricity--exports: 0 kWh (1996)
Electricity--imports: 1.02 billion kWh (1996)
Agriculture--products: barley, wheat, citrus, wine, vegetables,
olives; livestock
Exports: $7 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
Exports--commodities: food and beverages 30%, semiprocessed goods
23%, consumer goods 21%, phosphates 17% (1995 est.)
Exports--partners: EU 63%, Japan 7.7%, India 6.6%, US 3.4%, Libya
3.4% (1996 est.)
Imports: $10 billion (c.i.f., 1997)
Imports--commodities: semiprocessed goods 26%, capital goods 25%,
food and beverages 18%, fuel and lubricants 15%, consumer goods 12%,
raw materials 4% (1995 est.)
Imports--partners: EU 57%, US 6.6%, Saudi Arabia 5.3%, Brazil 2.8%
(1996 est.)
Debt--external: $20.9 billion (1998 est.)
Economic aid--recipient: $565.6 million (1995)
Currency: 1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates: Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1--9.320 (January
1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527 (1997), 8.716 (1996), 8.540 (1995), 9.203
(1994)
Fiscal year: July 1-June 30
Communications
Telephones: 1,312,596 (1999 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and
microwave radio relay links; principal centers are Casablanca and
Rabat; secondary centers are Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Tangier, and
Tetouan
international: 5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations--2
Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to
Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave
radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel
Radio broadcast stations: AM 22, FM 7, shortwave 5 (1998 est.)
Radios: 5.1 million (1998 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 26 (in addition, there are 35
repeaters) (1997)
Televisions: 1.21 million (1998 est.)
Transportation
Railways:
total: 1,907 km
standard gauge: 1,907 km 1.435-m gauge (1,003 km electrified; 246 km
double track) (1994)
Highways:
total: 60,626 km
paved: 30,556 km (including 219 km of expressways)
unpaved: 30,070 km (1996 est.)
Pipelines: crude oil 362 km; petroleum products 491 km
(abandoned); natural gas 241 km