GOLD.—An ounce of Standard Gold, of 22 Carats fine, (that is,
having 22 parts of pure Gold, and 2 parts of Alloy,) is worth £4—a
pennyweight 4d, and a grain 2d. A sovereign weighs about a quarter of
an ounce.
SILVER.—An ounce is worth 5s. and a pennyweight 3d. This is, about
one fifteenth part of the value of Gold. A crown piece weighs about
an ounce.
_Characters used in Accounts, for the Sake of Brevity._
+ Plus, or More, Addition, thus, 3 + 4 = 7
- Minus, or Less, Subtraction, 5 - 3 = 2
× Multiply, Multiplication, 3 × 4 = 12
÷ Divide, Division, 12 ÷ 3 = 4
= Equal, Equality, 6 + 6 = 12
: :: : Proportion, Proportionality, 1:4::3:12
_A Table of Customary Weights and Measures._
_lbs._
A Firkin of Butter is 56
A Barrel of Do. or 4 Firkins 224
A Firkin of Soap 64
A Barrel of Do. or 4 Firkins 256
A Barrel of Pot-ashes 200
A Barrel of Anchovies 30
A Barrel of Candles 120
A Stone of Butchers’ Meat 8
A Stone, Horsemen’s weight,
or Butchers’ Meat in the
Country 14
A Stone of Glass, 5 lbs. and, a
Seam of Do. or 24 Stones 120
A Quire of Paper is 24 Sheets.
A Ream of Paper is 20 Quires.
A Bundle of Paper is 2 Reams.
A Cord or Stack of Wood is 108
solid Feet.
42 Feet is a Ton of Shipping.
40 Feet of rough, or 50 Feet of hewn
Timber is a Load or Ton.
A Dozen is 12; a long Dozen is 13.
A Gross is 12 Dozen, or 144.
A Pace is 3 Feet or a Yard.
Mathematicians conceive every Circle to be divided into 360 equal
Parts, called Degrees, and each Degree into 60 equal parts, called
Seconds, and each Second subdivided into 60 smaller parts, called
thirds, and so on.
The Diameter of a Circle is a straight line drawn from one side to
the other through the centre; and is one-third of the circumference.