Chapter One
Early Middle Ages: Latin Hymns of The Fourth Century
[1.] Jerome, _Liber de viris illustribus_, 100 (_MPL_ 23, 699).
[2.] _Hilarius autem, Gallus episcopus Pictaviensis, eloquentia
conspicuus, hymnorum carmine floruit primus. De ecclesiasticis
officiis 1_, 6 (_MPL_ 83, 743).
[3.] W. N. Myers, _The Hymns of Saint Hilary of Poitiers in the Codex
Aretinus_ (Phila., Un. of Penn., 1928) 12, 29, 53, 67. For a
discussion of other hymns attributed to Hilary, see p. 14; also A.
S. Walpole, _Early Latin Hymns_ (Cambridge, 1922) 1-4. Translations
by W. N. Myers.
[4.] _Antiphonary of Bangor_, edited by F. E. Warren, _Henry Bradshaw
Society Publications_, vols. 4, 10 (London, 1893, 1895). For
discussion of authorship see vol. 10, 36.
[5.] Or perhaps Treves.
[6.] Augustine, _Confessions_ 9, 7 (_MPL_ 32, 770). Translation from
_Confessions of S. Augustine, Ancient and Modern Library of Theol.
Literature_ (London, 1886).
[7.] Translations of first lines: W. J. Copeland, C. Bigg, R. E.
Messenger, J. M. Neale.
[8.] Translations of first lines: J. M. Neale, E. Caswall.
[9.] Translations of first lines: J. M. Neale, H. M. Jones, R. E.
Messenger, S. Hurlbut.
[10.] Myers, _op. cit._ (see note 3) 18-22.
[11.] G. Reese_, Music in the Middle Ages_ (New York, 1940) 104.
[12.] Caelius Sedulius, 5th C., an early imitator of Ambrose, wrote a
well-known alphabetic hymn, _A solis ortus cardine_.
Chapter Two
Early Middle Ages: The Old Hymnal
[1.] _Regula Sancti Benedicti_, IX.
[2.] P. Batiffol, _Historie du Breviare romain_, translated by A. M. Y.
Bayley (London, 1912), chap. I.
[3.] Dom A. Wilmart, “Le Psautier de la Reine,” (_Cod. Vat. Reg. II_),
_Revue Benedictine XXVIII_ (1911) 376 ff.
[4.] Walpole, _Early Latin Hymns_, (ch. 1, note 3), xi-xiv.
[5.] Laodicea, c. 364, Canon 59. See G. D. Mansi, _Sacrorum
conciliorum—collectio_ (Florence, Venet. et Par., 1763) ii, 573;
Braga, 563, Mansi ix, 778.
[6.] H. F. Muller, “Pre-History of the Medieval Drama,” _Zeitschrift f.
romanische Philologie_ 44 (1924) 544-575.
[7.] Tours, 567, Mansi xiv, 803.
[8.] H. Heimbucher, _Die Orden und Kongregationen der katholischen
Kirche_, 3 vols. (Paderborn, 1907) vol. I, 224-236, _Ausbreitung der
Benediktinerregel_.
[9.] F. H. Dudden, _Gregory the Great_ (London, 1905), 2 vols., II,
chap. 8.
[10.] See _A. H._ (_Analecta Hymnica Medii Aevi_) 51.24-41, notes. The
hymns excepted are nos. 23-30; 34-40; J. Julian, _Dictionary of
Hymnology_. _Gregory I., St., Pope_; C. Blume, “Gregor der Grosse
als Hymnendichter,” _Stimmen aus Maria-Laach_, 1908, 269 ff.
[11.] H. LeClercq, _L’Espagne chrétienne_ (Paris, 1906) 304-5.
[12.] Migne, _PL_ 80, 642-700, Braulio’s Letters.
[13.] IV Council of Toledo, 633, Canon 2, Mansi x, 616; Canon 13, Mansi
x, 622-3. _Sicut igitur orationes, ita et hymnos in laudem Dei
compositos, nullus vestrum ulterius improbet, sed pari modo Gallia,
Hispaniaque celebret: excommunicatione plectendi, qui hymnos
rejicere fuerint ausi._
[14.] See R. E. Messenger, “The Mozarabic Hymnal,” _TAPhA_ 75 (1944)
103-126.
[15.] _The Irish Liber Hymnorum_, edited by J. H. Bernard and R.
Atkinson, _Henry Bradshaw Soc. Pub._ 13, 14 (London, 1897, 1898),
14, 23-6.
[16.] _Antiphonary of Bangor_, chap. I, note 4; for history of the
manuscript now in the Ambrosian Library at Milan, p. xii-xiii.
[17.] Translations of first lines, 1) J. M. Neale, 2), 3), 4) R. E.
Messenger.
[18.] The Celtic hymns are edited in _A. H._ 51, Part II. See also J. F.
Kenney, _Sources for the Early History of Ireland_, 2 vols. (New
York, 1929) 252-3, 258-274, _Hymns_.
[19.] Translations of first lines in Summary by J. M. Neale except 2) C.
Bigg, 7) G. R. Woodward.
[20.] C. W. Douglas, _Church Music in History and Practice_ (New York,
1937) 168.
Chapter Three
The Ninth Century Revival: Hymns
[1.] J. M. Neale and G. H. Forbes, _The Ancient Liturgies of the
Gallican Church_ (Burntisland, 1855) p. v.
[2.] P. Jaffé, _Regesta Pontificum Romanorum_ (Lipsiae, 1885-8) 2473
(1900).
[3.] _Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum sectio_, II, _Capitularia
Regum Francorum_, I, _Capitulare primum_, 769; _Capitulare
Haristallense_, 779; _Admonitio generalis_, 789; _Synodus
Franconofurtensis_, 794; _Epistola de litteris colendis_, 780-800;
_Epistola generalis_, 786-800; _Capitulare missorum generale_, 802;
_Capitularia missorum specialia_, 802; _Synodus et conventus
aquisgrani habita_, 802; _Capitulare de examinandis ecclesiasticis_,
802; _Capitulare missorum_, 803; _Capitulare de causis etc_., 811;
_Capitulare aquisgranense_, 801-813; _Capitulare cum episcopis
etc_., 780-790; _Capitulare mantuanum primum_, no date, p. 194;
_Pippini capitulare Italicum_, 801-810.
[4.] _MGH, Legum sectio_, II, _Capitularia Regum Francorum_, I,
_Epistola generalis_, no. 30, p. 80; P. Jaffé, _Bibliotheca Rerum
Germanicarum_, vol. IV, _Monumenta Carolina_ (Berlin, 1867) 139,
140.
[5.] Dom R. Van Doren, _Étude sur l’influence musicale de l’abbaye de
Saint-Gall_ (Louvain, 1925) ch. vi, Metz.
[6.] E. Mühlbacher, _Deutsche Geschichte unter den Karolingern_
(Stuttgart, 1896) 211; Jaffé, _Monumenta Carolina_, 358ff.
[7.] E. Bishop, _Liturgica Historica_ (Oxford, 1918) 49-55.
[8.] A. Fortescue, _The Mass_ (London, 1914) 183.
[9.] In _Monumenta Germaniae Historica—Poetarum latinorum medii aevi_,
vol. iv, edited by P. von Winterfeld (Berlin, 1923).
[10.] W. Turner, “Irish Teachers in the Carolingian Revival of
Learning,” _Cath. Un. Bulletin_, XIII (Washington, 1907) 384-5; J.
J. O’Kelly, _Ireland: Elements of her Early Story_ (Dublin, 1921)
ch. viii, _Early Irish on the Continent_.
[11.] Einhard, _Vita Caroli_, 21.
[12.] L. Gougaud, _Gaelic Pioneers of Christianity, VI-XII Century_
(Dublin, 1923) 60-3. Translated by Victor Collins.
[13.] S. Singer, _Die Dichterschule von St. Gallen_ (Leipzig, 1922)
_Introd._ (by Peter Wagner) 11.
[14.] Turner, _supra_, 570; J. M. Clark, _The Abbey of St. Gall as a
Center of Literature and Art_ (Cambridge, 1926) 31.
[15.] _Annales Laurissenses, anno 757_ (_MGH, SS_, I, 140).
[16.] _Jaffé, Regesta_, 2346 (1799); Notker Balbulus, _Epistolae_
(_MPL_, 131, 1172); _Gesta Caroli_, II, 7.
[17.] F. H. Dudden, _Gregory the Great_ (ch. 2, note 9) I, ch. _VI
Gregory at Constantinople_.
[18.] P. Wagner, “Morgen- und Abendland in der Musikgeschichte,”
_Stimmen der Zeit_, Bd. 114 (1927) 138.
[19.] Clark, _The Abbey of St. Gall etc._, 112; C. Diehl, _Manuel d’Art
Byzantin_ (Paris, 1910) 359-360, 362-3; M. Hauttmann, _Die Kunst des
frühen Mittelalters_ (Berlin, 1929) 51-62; J. Strzygowski, _Origin
of Christian Church Art_ (Oxford, 1923) 84.
[20.] _Anal. Hymn._, 51, _Introduction_, xvii-xix; extended lists of the
later Latin hymns appear in J. Julian, _Dictionary of Hymnology_
(London, 1925) 546, 547.
[21.] J. Mearns, _Early Latin Hymnaries_ (Cambridge, 1913).
[22.] Walpole, _Early Latin Hymns_, (ch. 1, note 3) xi.
[23.] Walpole, _ibid_, xii; W. H. Frere, Introduction to _Hymns Ancient
and Modern Historical Edition_ (London, 1909); Wilmart, _Le Psautier
de la Reine etc_., 362-3; F. J. E. Raby, _Christian Latin Poetry_
(Oxford, 1927) 38-41. See also R. E. Messenger, “Whence the Ninth
Century Hymnal?,” _TAPhA 69_ (1938) 446-464.
[24.] Gesta Caroli, I, 10; Einhard, _Vita Caroli_, edited by Garrod and
Mowat (Oxford, 1915), Appendix, p. xxxvii.
[25.] Heimbucher, _Die Orden und Congregationen_ etc., vol. I, 235,
237-9; _Jahrbücher der deutschen Geschichte_ (Berlin & Leipzig,
1866-1902), _Geschichte des Ostfrankischen Reichs_, vol. II, 39, 42,
46.
[26.] Alcuin, _De psalmorum usu_ (_MPL_, 101), _Officia per ferias MPL_,
101, _Epistolae_ 84, 94, 164, 227 (_MPL_, 101): Rabanus Maurus, _De
clericis institutés_, II, 49 (_MPL_, 107, 362): Amalarius of Metz,
_De officiis divinis_ (continuation) in J. Mabillon, _Vetera
Analecta_ (Paris, 1723) 99; Walafrid Strabo, _De ecclesiasticarum
rerum exordiis_ etc., ch. xxv (_MPL_, 114, 952ff.).
[27.] H. De Boor, _Die deutsche Literatur_ 770-1170 (München, 1949) 21.
[28.] P. Batiffol, _History of the Roman Breviary_ (London, 1912) 143-4.
[29.] _Anal. Hymn_. 51.
[30.] Translation of first line, J. M. Neale.
[31.] Dom P. B. Gams, _Die Kirchengeschichte von Spanien_ (Regensburg,
1862-1879) II, Pt. 2, 302, 326-9; Z. García Villada, _Historia
eclesiástica de España_ (Madrid, 1929-36) V, 85.
[32.] De Urbel, “Los himnos mozárabes,” _Revista ecles. Silos_ 58 (1927)
56-61.
[33.] E. Bishop, “Spanish Symptoms,” _Liturgica Historica_ (Oxford,
1918) 168.
[34.] L. Wiener, _Contributions toward a History of Arabico-Gothic
Culture_ (New York, 1917-21) 101; H. G. Farmer, _Historical Facts
for the Arabian Musical Influence_ (London, 1930) 23.
[35.] _Anal. Hymn_. 51, _Introduction_.
Chapter Four
The Ninth Century Revival: Sequences
[1.] Fortescue, _The Mass_ (See ch. 3, note 8) 268-9.
[2.] See _Introduction_ to _A. H._ 53, by C. Blume and H. M. Bannister.
This _Introduction_ has been used as the basis for the discussion of
sequence origins. Theories and opinions of others are noted from
time to time.
[3.] W. H. Frere, Introduction to _Hymns Ancient and Modern_ (See ch. 3,
note 23) xxviii; P. Wagner, _Introduction to Gregorian Melodies_
(London, 1907) 223, translation by Orme and Wyatt.
[4.] G. Reese, _Music in the Middle Ages_ (ch. 1, note 11) _passim_.
This book contains an excellent standard account of the musical
aspect of the sequence.
[5.] G. Schnürer, _Kirche und Kultur im Abendland_ (Paderborn, 1926) II,
88.
[6.] W. Christ, “Über die Bedeutung von Hirmos, etc.,” _Sitzungberichte
der kön. bay. Akad. der Wissenschaft zu München_, II (1870) 89f.
[7.] A. Gastoué, “Les Types byzantins de la Sequence,” _Tribune de
Saint-Gervais_, Dec. 1922, 1, 2.
[8.] Frere, _Introduction, supra_, xxiv.
[9.] L. Gautier, _Histoire de la poésie liturgique au Moyen âge_ (Paris,
1886) 1.
[10.] A. Gastoué, “Les Origines liturgiques de la séquence,” _Tribune de
Saint-Gervais_, June, 1922. See also Wetzer and Welte,
_Kirchenlexicon, Sequenzen_: an important article.
[11.] Amalarius, _De ecclesiasticis officiis_, III, 16 (_MPL_, 105,
1123).
[12.] J. Ottenwälder, “Griechisch-byzantinische Einflüsse,” _Theol.
Quartalschr_. XCVII (1915), 564-7.
[13.] Reese, _Music in the Middle Ages, supra_, 133.
[14.] S. Singer, _Die Dichterschule von St. Gallen_ (ch. 3, note 13),
_Introduction_, 14, 15.
[15.] The earliest manuscript is _Antiphonale missarum S. Gregorii_,
codex 239 of Laon; see _Paléographie musicale_, X. A. Gastoué, _Les
Origines du Chant Romain_ (Paris, 1907) 250f.
[16.] Wetzer und Welte, _supra, Sequenzen_.
[17.] Frere, _Introduction, supra_, xxviii-xxix; Notker Balbulus, _Liber
sequentiarum, Praefatio_ (_MPL_, 131, 1003).
[18.] P. Wagner, “Morgen- und Abendland in der Musikgeschichte,” (ch. 3,
note 18) 139; Schnürer, _supra_, II, 88.
[19.] Gastoué, “Les Types byzantins de la Séquence,” _supra_, 2.
[20.] W. Meyer, _Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur mittellateinischen Rythmik_
(Berlin, 1908) 37.
[21.] P. Von Winterfeld, _Stilfragen aus der lateinischen Dichtung des
Mittelalters_ in _Deutsche Dichter etc_. (München, 1922) 442.
[22.] W. Meyer, _supra_, 41: “So ist die lyrische Dichtung des
Mittelalters durchaus dem Kirchengesang neu geboren worden.”
[23.] E. Wellesz, _Eastern Elements in Western Chant. Studies in the
Early History of Ecclesiastical Music_ (Oxford, 1947) Pt. IV, ch. 1,
_Origin of sequences and tropes_, an excellent summary of the
subject as investigated to 1947.
[24.] Notker, _supra_, note 17.
[25.] P. A. Schubiger, _Die Sängerschule St. Gallens vom viii.-xii.
Jahrhundert_ (Einsiedeln, 1858); W. Wilmanns, “Welche Sequenzen hat
Notker verfasst?,” _Zeitschrift f. deutsches Altertum_, XV (1872)
267f.; J. Werner, _Notkers Sequenzen. Beiträge zur Geschichte der
Lat. Sequenzendichtung_ (Aarau, 1901) III, IV; S. Singer, _supra_;
Van Doren, (ch. 3, note 5) ch. 9; Clark, (ch. 3, note 14) 175. W.
von den Steinen, _Notker der Dichter und seine geistliche Welt_, 2
vols. (Bern. 1948). This author reviews previous literature.
[26.] Ottenwälder, _supra_, 464-5.
[27.] They are _Canopica_, _Styx_, _Phlegethon_, _sophia_, _herous_,
_Myrmidonas_, _spermologos_.
[28.] P. S. Allen, _Romanesque Lyric_ (Un. of North Carolina Press,
1928) 66, 221, 222; Schnürer, _supra_, 89; Wellesz. _supra_, 165; W.
B. Sedgwick, “Origin of Rhyme,” “_Revue Bénédictine_” XXXVI (1924),
341.
[29.] Several attractive illustrations of the _modus_ may be found in
Karl Breul’s edition of _The Cambridge Songs_ (Cambridge, 1915).
[30.] Schnürer, _supra_, 89; R. Molitor, _Die Musik in der Reichnau_,
reviewed in _Jahrbuch f. Liturgiewissenschaft_ VI (1926) 331.
[31.] See Chapter VII.
Chapter Five
Late Middle Ages: Hymns and Sequences
[1.] J. De Ghellinck, S. J., _L’Essor de la Littérature Latine au XIIe
Siècle_, 2 vols. (Brussels, 1946) II, 285.
[2.] M. Hélin, History of _Medieval Latin Literature_ (New York, 1949),
translated by J. C. Snow from _Littérature d’occident: Histoire des
Lettres latines du Moyen Age_, 79.
[3.] L. Gautier, _Oeuvres poétiques d’Adam de Saint-Victor_, 2 vols.
(Paris, 1858-9); E. Misset et P. Aubry, _Les Proses d’Adam de
Saint-Victor_ (Paris, 1900).
[4.] Translations of first lines: R. Messenger, Anon, E. Caswall.
[5.] Translations of first lines: S. A. Hurlbut, R. Messenger.
[6.] _A. H._ 48. 141-232.
[7.] Translations of first lines: 1 and 2, H. Waddell; 3 and 5, E.
Caswall; 4, R. Messenger.
[8.] Hélin, _supra_, 117.
[9.] P. Wagner, _Introduction to the Gregorian Melodies_ (ch. 4, note 3)
241.
[10.] Translations of first lines: 1 and 4, R. A. Knox; 2, H. T. Henry;
3, W. J. Irons.
[11.] Translation of first line: R. Messenger.
[12.] R. E. Messenger, “Hymns and Sequences of the Sarum Use,” _TAPhA_,
59 (1928) 99-129.
[13.] E. Bishop, _Liturgica Historica_ (Oxford, 1918) 211-37.
[14.] E. Hoskins, _Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis etc_. (London, 1901); H.
Bohatta, _Bibliographie des livres d’heures_ (Wien, 1924), 2nd
edition.
[15.] R. E. Messenger, “Hymns in the Horae Eboracenses,” _Classical
Weekly_, 38 (Jan., 1945) 90-5.
[16.] S. Singer, “Arabische und europäische Poesie im Mittelalter,”
_Zeitschrift f. deutsche Philologie_, LII (April, 1927); K. Burdach,
“Über den Ursprung des mittelalterichen Minnesangs, etc.” in
_Vorspiel_ I (Halle, 1925) 311; A. F. von Schack, _Poesie und Kunst
der Araber etc_., 2 vols. (Stuttgart, 1877) II, 101-5.
[17.] C. F. Brown, _Religious Lyrics of the 14th Century_ (Oxford,
1924). Translations of William Herebert (d. 1333) xiii.
[18.] _Ad honorem Regis summi_, translation of first line: R. E.
Messenger. See C. Daux, _Les Chansons des Pèlerins de St. Jacques_
(Montauban, 1899).
[19.] A. S. Walpole, _Early Latin Hymns_, (ch. 1, note 3) 87-92.
[20.] E. Rodgers, _Discussion of Holidays in the Later Middle Ages_ (New
York 1940) 33. Miss Rodgers sums up the evidence here, reaching an
affirmative conclusion.
[21.] L. Thorndike, “Elementary and Secondary Education in the Middle
Ages,” _Speculum_, 15 (1940) 400-8, p. 401.
[22.] W. O. Wehrle, _Macaronic Hymn Tradition etc_. (Washington, 1933).
Chapter Six
Late Middle Ages: Processional Hymns
[1.] _Matt_. 21: 4-ll; _Mark_ 11: 7-11; _Luke_ 19: 35-38; _John_ 12:
12-5.
[2.] Basil, _Ep_. 207, _Ad Neocaes, MPG_ 32. 765; Ambrose, _Ep._ 40. 16,
_Ad Theodosium, MPL_ 16. 1107; Sozomen, _Hist. Eccles._ VIII, 8; see
also Tertullian, _Ad uxorem_, II, 4, MPL 1. 1294.
[3.] _S. Silviae, quae fertur, Peregrinatio ad loca sancta, in Itinera
Hierosolymitana, Saeculi III-VIII_, ed. P. Geyer (Vindobonae, 1898)
_CSEL_ 39. 35-101.
[4.] _Ibid._ XXIV, 1-7, 8-12; XXV, 7; XXVI; XXXI; XL, 1-2.
[5.] A. Bludau, _Die Pilgerreise der Aetheria, Studien zur Gesch. u.
Kultur d. Altertums XV_, 1/2, (Paderborn, 1927) 56. Translation,
Robert Bridges.
[6.] A. Baumstark, _Die Idiomela der byzantinischen Karfreitagshoren
etc._ Reviewed in _Jahrbuch f. Liturgiewissenschaft_, 10 (1930)
339-40.
[7.] P. Batiffol, _Études de liturgie et d’archéologie chrétienne_,
(Paris, 1919) ch. VI, _La Chandeleur_, p. 200.
[8.] Ambrose, _Ep_. 11(53), _MPL_ 17. 743-4; Augustine, _De Civ. Dei_
22. 8; _Conf._ 9. 7; See also the hymn _Grates tibi, Jesu, novas_,
attributed to Ambrose, _A. H._ 50. 17.
[9.] G. H. Cobb, “Early Catholic Outdoor Processions,” _The Month_, 148
(1926) 539-542.
[10.] For Mamertus, see Greg. Turonen., _Hist. franc._ 2. 34, _MPL_ 71.
230-32. _Councils_. Council of Orleans, 511, canon 17, Mansi VIII,
355; Council of Girona, 517, _Capit._ 2 & 3, Mansi, VIII, 549; see
also 17th Council of Toledo, 694, _Capit._ 6, Mansi XII, 99-100.
_Litaniae maiores_, Greg. Magnus, _Ep._ V, 11, Litany on Feast of
St. John Baptist, _MPL_ 77, 732-3; _Litania septiformis_, Greg.
Turonen., _Hist. franc._ 10, 1, _MPL_ 71. 519-20; Joh. Diac., _Vita
Greg. Magn._, 1. 41, 42, MPL 75. 80.
[11.] L. Duchesne, _Christian Worship_, (London, 1904) 240, 515.
[12.] P. Batiffol, (note 7) 197-201; L. Eisenhofer, _Handbuch der
Katholischen Liturgik_, 2 vols. (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1923) I,
582-6.
[13.] At this point the definition of _processio_ in Canon Law is of
interest: _Nomine sacrarum processionum significantur solemnes
supplicationes quae a populi fideli, duce clero, fiunt eundo
ordinatim de loco sacro ad locum sacrum, ad excitandam fidelium
pietatem, ad commemoranda Dei beneficia eique gratias agendas, ad
divinum auxilium implorandum_. Can. 1290. ç I.
[14.] B. M. Peebles, “Fortunatus, Poet of the Holy Cross,” _Amer. Church
Monthly_ 38 (1935, July-Sept.) 152-166. His account is based upon
Greg. Turonen., _Hist. franc._, IX, 40; Baudonovia, _Vita S. Rad._,
II. 16.
[15.] R. E. Messenger, _Salve festa dies, TAPhA_, 78 (1947) 208-222.
Translation, S. A. Hurlbut; for _Salve festa dies_, traditional.
[16.] Dom M. Férotin, _Liber ordinum_, in _Monumenta ecclesiae
liturgica_, 5 (Paris, 1904) 178-87; Isidore of Seville, _De
ecclesiasticis officiis_, 1. 38.
[17.] Férotin, _supra_, 179.
[18.] A. S. Walpole, _Early Latin Hymns_, (ch. 1, note 3) 337-340.
Translation, 1st line, Walpole.
[19.] Duchesne, _supra_, 162-4.
[20.] Walpole, _supra_, 342-4.
[21.] Translations in this chapter, unless otherwise noted, are
furnished by the author.
[22.] L. Gautier, _Histoire de la Poésie liturgique etc._ (ch. 4, note
9) ch. VI, _Versus_.
[23.] Von den Steinen, _Notker der Dichter etc._ (ch. 4, note 25) I,
40-42.
[24.] Eisenhofer (see note 12) I, 522-3.
[25.] Dom A. Wilmart, _Auteurs spirituels etc._ (Paris, 1932) 26-36.
[26.] R. E. Messenger, _Sancta Maria quid est?, Cath. Choirmaster_,
June, 1950.
[27.] Eisenhofer, _supra_, I, 100-102.
[28.] Du Cange, see _versarius_.
[29.] Gulielmus Durandus, _Rationale divinorum officiorum_ (Lugdini,
1612) Bk. IV, _De accessu sacerdotis ac pontificis ad altare et de
Processione_.
[30.] _Ibid._ fol. 102.
[31.] D. Attwater, _Dictionary of Saints_ (London, 1938) 180.
[32.] G. Reese, _Music in the Middle Ages_ (ch. 1, note 11) 201.
[33.] L. Ellinwood, “The Conductus,” _Musical Quarterly_, 27 (1941) 2.
165-203.
Chapter Seven
Influence and Survival of Latin Hymns
[1.] W. B. Sedgwick, “The Origin of Rhyme,” (ch. 4, note 28) 333.
[2.] For translations see Helen J. Waddell, _Medieval Latin Lyrics_
(London, 1929); _The Wandering Scholars_ (New York, 1949), new
edition.
[3.] P. S. Allen, _Romanesque Lyric_ (ch. 4, note 28), Ch. XII,
especially p. 223.
[4.] F. J. E. Raby, _History of Secular Latin poetry in the Middle
Ages_, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1934) II, 332.
[5.] E. M. Sanford, “Were the Hymns of Prudentius actually sung?”
_Classical Philology_ 31 (1936) 71.
[6.] For the texts of liturgical plays, see K. Young, _The Drama of the
Medieval Church_, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1933).
[7.] B. M. Peebles, “O Roma nobilis,” _Amer. Benedictine Review_, I
(1950) no. 1.
[8.] R. Stroppel, _Liturgie und geistliche Dichtung_ (Frankfurt am Main,
1927) 53-5: S. Singer, “Karolingische Renaissance,”
_Germanisch-Romanisch Monatschrift_, 13 (1925) 200-1.
[9.] K. E. Wackernagel, _Das deutsche Kirchenlied etc._, 5 vols.
(Leipzig, 1864-77) vol. I.
[10.] K. Meyer, Selections from _Ancient Irish Poetry_ (London, 1911)
_Introd._ 13.
[11.] J. Pokorny, _Die älteste Lyrik der grünen Insel_ (Halle S., 1923)
13, 14.
[12.] W. Meyer, “Liturgie, Kunst und Dichtung in Mittelalter,”
_Gesammelte Abhandlungen_ (Berlin, 1905) 371.
[13.] P. von Winterfeld, “Stilfragen der lateinischen Dichtung des
Mittelalters,” _Deutsche Dichter des lateinischen Mittelalters_
(München, 1922) 440.
[14.] Washington, D. C., Catholic Un. Press, 1942, especially p. 221,
231, 248, 266.
[15.] H. Koht, “Medieval Liberty Poems,” _Amer. Hist. Review_, 48 (1943)
no. 2, 281-290.
[16.] H. Spanke, “Über das Fortleben der Sequenzenform in den
Romanischen Sprachens,” _Zeitschrift f. Rom. Philol._ 51 (1931)
309-334.
[17.] E. A. Peers. _Ramon Lull_ (London, 1929) 140.
[18.] See translation by H. C. Robbins, 1939, “Most High, Omnipotent,
Good Lord.”
[19.] For a brief account, see J. Pulver, “Laudi spirituali,” _Musical
Opinion_, March, 1938, 503-4; April, 1938, 602-3; May, 1938, 691-2.
[20.] See Bibliography for these titles.
[21.] Dom Jean Stéphan, _The Adeste fideles_, “Publications,” Buckfast
Abbey, South Devon, England, 1947. Translation, Frederick Oakeley.
[22.] M. Britt, _Hymns of the Breviary and Missal_ (New York, 1922,
1948), a standard and indispensable work.