family of, ii, 204
knightfish, ii, 257
Knox, ii, 477
kobini-iwashi, ii, 52
kochi, ii, 441
Koenen, i, 427
Koken, i, 427
kokopu, ii, 204
kokos, ii, 71
Kolliker, i, 428
Konwick, i, 427
konoshiro, ii, 53
Kölreuter, i, 396
Kowala, ii, 51
Kowalevskia, i, 474
Kowalevsky, i, 428
Krascheninnikov, i, 395; ii, 68
Krefft, i, 614
Kröyer, i, 410
Kuhlia, ii, 304
Kuhliidæ, ii, 297, 354
kumu, i, 322; ii, 352
Kundscha, ii, 114
Kuppfer's vesicle, i, 138
kurodai, ii, 343
kuromutsu,
figure of, ii, 213
Kuro Shiwo, i, 242, 251, 258
fishes in, i, 239
goblin shark of, i, 534
Kurtidæ, ii, 287
Kurtus, ii, 288
Kyphosidæ, ii, 349, 364, 398
Kyphosus, ii, 350
figure of, ii, 349
Labidesthes, i, 313; ii, 218
Labrodon, ii, 385
Labrax, ii, 330
Labridæ, i, 207; ii, 372, 385, 390, 396
Labrus, i, 207, 260, 267, 391; ii, 385, 387
labyrinthine fishes, ii, 365, 370
Labyrinthinci, i, 149; ii, 365, 379
Day on, ii, 365
Gill on, ii, 365
Labyrinthodontidæ, i, 86
lac de marbre, ii, 109
Lacépède, i, 376, 389
portrait of, i, 399
Lachnolæmus, ii, 388
figure of, ii, 387
Lactariidæ, ii, 356
Lactarius, ii, 358
Lactophrys, ii, 417
figure of, i, 214, 373, 377, 378; ii, 416, 417
skeleton of, figured, ii, 418
ladyfish, i, 117, 198; ii, 388
figure of, i, 147; ii, 44
transformations in, i, 147
La Favorite, the, i, 408
Lafayette, ii, 356
Lagocephalus,
figure of, ii, 419
Lagodon, ii, 344
Lake Bonneville,
ancient outlet of, i, 303
lake herring, ii, 65-67
lake lamprey,
head of, figured, i, 111
mouth figured, i, 492
Lake Nicaragua,
shark from, i, 542
Lake Patzcuaro,
viviparous fishes from, i, 126
Lake Pontchartrain,
fish fauna of, i, 314
lake trout, ii, 66, 115
figure of, ii, 114
lake whiting, ii, 65
Lamdodus, i, 522
Laminaria, ii, 544
Lamnidæ, i, 532, 537, 538, 542
Lamna, i, 534, 538
teeth of, figured, i, 537
figure of, 447
lamnoid sharks, i, 519, 533
distinguished, i, 534
families of, i, 534
Lampetra, i, 491
figure of, i, 120, 492
lamprey, i, 28, 35, 56, 111, 204, 249, 290, 490, 506
ascending brook figured, i, 496
brain of, i, 112
catfishes destroyed by, i, 358
extinct forms, i, 487
fate of, i, 504
food of, i, 491
gill-basket of, figured, i, 92, 485
Kamchatka, i, 495
method of attack, i, 493
migration of, i, 494
orders of, i, 488
parasites of, i, 354
Reighard on, i, 491
spawning of, i, 498, 500
structure of, i, 486
Surface on, i, 491
Lamprididæ, ii, 16
family of, ii, 243
Lampris, i, 210, 322; ii, 228, 245, 288
figure of, i, 323
shoulder-girdle, figured, ii, 243
Lanarkia, i, 570, 622
figure of, i, 574
lancelet, i, 28, 31, 121, 204, 482-485, 506; ii, 467
characteristics of, i, 482
figure of, i, 484
habits of, i, 483
vertebral column of, i, 55
lancet-fish, ii, 408
figure of, ii, 135
lancet of surgeon-fish, i, 181
lane-snapper,
figure of, ii, 336
Lankester, i, 61, 87, 426, 571, 593
lantern-fishes, ii, 41, 61, 128, 129, 525
figure of, ii, 133
lantern-flounder, ii, 488
laolach, i, 620
Laparus, ii, 518
large-mouthed black bass,
figure of, ii, 305
Larimus, ii, 355
Larvacea, i, 470, 473
figure of, i, 480
larval development of fishes, i, 139-141, 143-147, 174-176
Dean on, i, 139
in common eel, i, 141
Gilbert on, i, 142
figures showing, i, 140-142
in brook lamprey, i, 140
in sturgeon, i, 141
larval flounder,
figure of, ii, 483
larval forms,
of Chætodon, i, 144
figures of, i, 140-142
of flounder, figured, i, 147, 175, 176
of ladyfish, i, 147
of Lepidosiren, i, 620, 621
of Mola, i, 143, 145
of sailfish, i, 140
of swordfish, i, 139
Lasianius,
figure of, i, 580
Lateolabrax, i, 324; ii, 320
lateral fold, i, 64
Balfour on, i, 71-73
Kerr on, i, 72
Mollier on, i, 71
lateral line, i, 9, 22, 23
a mucous channel, i, 22
Dean on, i, 23
function of, i, 23
relation to touch, i, 122
in singing-fish, figured, i, 23
Lates, ii, 320, 330
Latham, i, 396
Latilidæ, the, ii, 361, 363
Latilus, ii, 362
Latrididæ, ii, 363, 364, 426
Latris, ii, 363
lavaret, ii, 65
lawyer, ii, 335, 538
Lay, i, 409
Leach, i, 396
leather-carp, i, 151
leather-jackets, ii, 272, 413
Lebias, ii, 198, 201
lectocephalous condition,
Günther on, i, 142
Leidy, i, 426
Leiognathidæ, ii, 287, 348
Leiognathus, ii, 287
Leiostomus, ii, 356
Leiuranus, ii, 150
length of intestine, i, 33
Lentipes, ii, 466
leopard toadfish,
figure of, ii, 525
Lepadogaster, i, 263; ii, 531
Lepechin, i, 396
Lepidaplois, ii, 390
figure of, ii, 389
Lepidocottus, ii, 426, 449
Lepidopidæ,
family of, ii, 267
Lepidopsetta, ii, 493
Lepidopus, i, 210; ii, 267
Lepidorhombus, i, 206; ii, 488
Lepidosiren, i, 60, 73, 85, 89, 100, 149, 450, 619, 621, 622
adult male, figured, i, 620
larval forms, figured, i, 620
at 3 days, i, 620
at 30 days, i, 621
at 40 days, i, 621
at three months, i, 621
pectoral fin in, i, 60
Lepidosirenidæ, i, 88, 612, 619
Lepidostei, ii, 13, 26
Huxley on, ii, 23
Zittel on, ii, 23, 24
Lepidosteids, ii, 32
Lepidosteoidei, i, 382
Lepidotidæ, ii, 24
Lepidotes, ii, 24
Lepidotrigla, i, 259; ii, 456
Lepisoma, i, 208; ii, 508
Lepisosteidæ, i, 290; ii, 11, 29, 30
Lepisosteus, i, 32, 66, 85, 101, 102, 291, 314, 357, 604, 623; ii, 5,
6, 23, 29, 30, 32
Agassiz on, ii, 5
Balfour and Parker on, ii, 5
Eastman on, ii, 32
figure of, i, 452; ii, 31
Günther on, ii, 5, 7
Müller on, ii, 517
tail of, figured, i, 82
Lepomis, i, 302; ii, 301
figure of, i, 4; ii, 300
Leptecheneis,
figure of, i, 197; ii, 468
leptocardial tail, i, 81, 83
Leptocardians, i, 383
Leptocardii, i, 55, 482-485
Leptocephalidæ, ii, 149
Leptocephalus, i, 211; ii, 148, 149
figure of, ii, 150
leptocercal tail, i, 50, 81, 83, 507, 602
Agassiz on, i, 81
figure of, i, 82
Gaudry on, i, 84
Leptocottus, ii, 448
Leptolepidæ, ii, 36, 41
Leptolepis, ii, 42
figure of, ii, 41
Leptomylus, i, 565
Leptops, ii, 182
Leptoscopidæ, the, ii, 503, 506
Leptosmus, ii, 53
Leptotrachelus, ii, 136
Lepturus, i, 391
lesser-weaver, i, 169
Lesson, i, 408
Le Sueur, i, 418
Lethrinus, i, 268; ii, 347
Leuciscus, i, 254, 256, 346; ii, 168, 169
figure of, i, 287; ii, 169
pharyngeals of, i, 47
teeth of, figured, ii, 163, 175
Leuckart, i, 609
Leucopsarion, ii, 467
Lias, ii, 14
Libys, i, 605
Ligul, a, i, 348
Lilljeborg, i, 410
Limanda, ii, 493
little roncador, ii, 356
Limulus, i, 569
figure of, i, 572
Lindström, i, 427
ling, ii, 538
Linnæus, i, 375, 390; ii, 410, 424, 499
followers of, i, 394
Systema Naturæ of, i, 392
Linophryne, ii, 549
Linton,
on parasitic diseases, i, 343-348
Liodesmidæ, ii, 34
Liodesmus, ii, 34
lion-fish, ii, 434
figure of, ii, 433, 435
Liopsetta, ii, 493
figure of, ii, 494
liparid, ii, 447, 454
figure of, ii, 413, 454
Liparididæ,
family of, ii, 454
Liparididæ, i, 189, 208, 218; ii, 313
Liparis, i, 202, 217, 219, 375, 380; ii, 449, 455
figure of, i, 218
Lipogenyidæ, ii, 158
Lipogenys, ii, 158
Lister, i, 373, 375, 376
lithographic shales, ii, 42
Litholepis, i, 364
littoral fishes,
distribution of, i, 247
Liuranus,
figure of, i, 233
Liza, ii, 221
lizard-fishes, ii, 61
figure of, ii, 130
lizard-skipper,
figure of, i, 230; ii, 509
loach, i, 290; ii, 185
fossil, ii, 175, 176
Lobotes,
figure of, ii, 331
Lobotidæ,
family of, ii, 331
local barriers, i, 298
Lockington, i, 419
on long-jawed goby, ii, 462-465
log-perch,
figure of, ii, 311
Lohest, i, 427
lok-sild, ii, 67
longe, ii, 114
long-eared sunfish, i, 3-15
figure of, i, 2, 3; ii, 300
long-jawed goby, ii, 462, 463
Cooper on, ii, 463
figure of, ii, 463
Lockington on, ii, 462
long-horned sculpin, ii, 447
long-jaw, ii, 66
long-necked eels, ii, 153
lophobranchii, ii, 9, 209, 227-240
lophobranchs, i, 92
suborder of, ii, 235
Lophogobius, i, 208
Lophiidæ, i, 206; ii, 542
Lophiomus, i, 207, 271; ii, 547
Lophius, i, 169, 202, 206, 391; ii, 542, 545, 547, 548
figure of, i, 18; ii, 545
lophocercal tail, i, 81, 83
Lopholatilus, i, 94, 357; ii, 361
Lophopsetta, ii, 488
figure of, ii, 487
Lophotes, i, 260, 263; ii, 291
Lophotidæ, ii, 292
family of, ii, 291
Loricaria, i, 393
figure of, ii, 186
Loricariidæ, ii, 185, 186, 449
Loricati, ii, 426, 455
loro, ii, 394, 396
Lota, i, 109, 209, 316; ii, 538
figure of, ii, 539
Lotella, i, 259
louse-fish, ii, 469
louvar,
figure of, ii, 290
Loven,
on Arctic species, i, 317
Lowe, i, 410
Lowell,
on trout, ii, 108
lower jaw,
figure of, i, 526
of Cochliodus figured, i, 531
of Neoceratodus figured, i, 616
of Polypterus figured, i, 606
lower pharyngeals,
figure of, ii, 171
Lower Silurian,
shark teeth from, i, 508
lowland fishes,
dispersion of, i, 313
Luciæ, i, 477
Lucifuga, i, 314; ii, 524
figure of, i, 222; ii, 524
Lucigobius, ii, 467
Luciocephalidæ, ii, 370
Luciocephalus, ii, 370
Lucioperca, ii, 315
Lucas,
on Therobromus, ii, 127
luminous organs, i, 187
von Lendenfeld on, i, 189
of Porichthys, figured, i, 191
Lumpenus, i, 209; ii, 513
lumpfish, i, 208; ii, 135, 453, 454
figure of, i, 220; ii, 454
lump-sucker, ii, 453, 455
lung-fish, i, 100, 458, 609-622
lungs of the fish,
origin of, i, 98, 99
Morris on, i, 98
lurking-fishes,
Whitmee on, i, 169
Lutianidæ, ii, 323, 335
family of, i, 333; ii, 340
Lutianus, i, 324; ii, 330, 333, 335, 336
figure of, i, 331; ii, 333, 335, 336
Lütken, i, 410; ii, 33, 133
on Selene, i, 144
on flying-fish, ii, 214
Luvaridæ, ii, 291
Luvarus, ii, 291
figure of, ii, 290
Lycenchelys,
figure of, ii, 519
Lycodapodidæ, ii, 520
Lycodes, ii, 518
figure of, ii, 519
Lycodapus,
figure of, ii, 520
Lycodopsis, ii, 518
Lycodes, i, 209
Lycoptera, ii, 41
Lyman,
on the museum at Paris, i, 401
Lyomeri,
order of, ii, 140, 155
Lyopomi, ii, 138, 158, 189
Lyopsetta, i, 205
Lyrifera, i, 462, 508
Lysopteri, i, 623; ii, 13
maaji, ii, 274
maccaroni piatti, i, 351
Macleay, i, 416, 428
Macdonald, i, 419
Macdonaldia, ii, 157
Mackenzie salmon, ii, 67
mackerel, i, 19, 117, 156, 210; ii, 258, 259
figure of, i, 332; ii, 260
fishery, ii, 260, 261
Goode on, ii, 260
mackerel-midges, ii, 539
mackerel-scads, ii, 274
mackerel-shark, i, 533
figure of, i, 447, 537
Mackinaw trout, ii, 114
Macrias, ii, 502
Macrodon, ii, 354
Macropetalichthyidæ,
family of, i, 585
Macropetalichthys, i, 583, 585, 589, 590
Macropharyngodon, ii, 390
Macrophthalmia, i, 491
Macropistius, ii, 26
Macropodus, ii, 369, 370
Macropoma, i, 605
Macrorhamphosidæ, ii, 227, 234, 235
Macrorhamphosus, i, 259
figure of, ii, 234
Macrosemiidæ, ii, 26, 28
Macrosemius, ii, 26
Macrouridæ, i, 84; ii, 541
vertebræ in, 209; ii, 540
mademoiselle,
figure of, ii, 355
mad tom, ii, 182
figure of, i, 179; ii, 182
Mænidæ,
family of, ii, 347
magifi, ii, 288
mahogany snapper, ii, 337
maigre, ii, 355
mail-cheek fishes, ii, 426
makrede, i, 171
makua, ii, 425
Malacanthidæ, ii, 361, 499
Malacanthus, ii, 361
Malacopterygii, i, 391; ii, 208
Malacopterygium, ii, 39
Malacorhinus, i, 553
Malacosteidæ, ii, 128, 134
Malapterurus, ii, 183
malau, ii, 253
Mallotus,
figure of, ii, 126
Malm, i, 410
malma, i, 326
figure of, ii, 112
Malmgren, i, 410
on Arctic species, i, 317
Malpighi, i, 390
Malthe, i, 206
Malthopsis, ii, 552
mandible,
suspensorium of, i, 43, 120
mandibular rami, i, 589
man-eating shark, i, 538
Maner,
on external gill, i, 77
mangrove snapper, ii, 335
man-of-war fish, ii, 285
Manta, i, 448, 560
figure of, i, 559
map of continents, i, 270
Mapo, ii, 461
Marcgraf, i, 389
Marcgravia, ii, 526
Marcusen, i, 428
marine blenny, i, 118
marine fishes,
checked by barriers, i, 241
distribution of, i, 246
Mariposa, ii, 244, 403
Marquette, ii, 64
Marsh,
on eye of Anableps, ii, 195
Marsiobranch, i, 592, 593
Marsipobranchi, i, 486
Martin pescador, ii, 550
Mason, ii, 73
Mastacembelidæ, ii, 532
Mastacembelus, ii, 157
figure of, ii, 532
Masticura, i, 555
masu, ii, 68, 73
figure of, ii, 71, 72
matajuelo, ii, 252, 253
matajuelo blanco, ii, 361
matao, ii, 249
matodai, ii, 333
matsubara, i, 418
Matthew, i, 427
Mauer,
on external gill, i, 77
Maurolicidæ,
family of, ii, 134
Maurolicus, ii, 134
maxillary,
figure of, i, 55
of Sebastolobus, i, 55
mayfish,
figure of, ii, 198
McClelland, i, 416
McCoy, i, 82, 410, 581
McGregor, i, 422
McKay, i, 420
McMurrich, i, 428
meaji, ii, 275
meaning of species, i, 293
Coues on, i, 379
measurements of the fish, i, 19
mebaru, ii, 429, 431
Meckel's cartilage, i, 44, 57, 507, 596, 606
Meda, ii, 169
Meddagh,
photograph by, i, 164
Medialuna, ii, 350
medregal, ii, 274
Meek,
on trout, ii, 105
Megalaspis, ii, 274
Megalichthyidæ, i, 602, 603
Megalichthys,
figure of, i, 604
Megalops, ii, 43
Megalurus,
figure of, ii, 36
Megaperca, ii, 322
Megaprotodon, ii, 404
mejenidai, ii, 348
Melamphaës, ii, 252
Melaniris, ii, 218
Melanocetus, ii, 548
Melanogrammus, i, 209; ii, 539
figure of, ii, 536
skull of, figured, ii, 536
Melanotænia, ii, 218
Melanotæniidæ, ii, 218
Melichthys, ii, 413
Melletes,
figure of, i, 288
membrane bone of face, i, 44
Mene,
figure of, ii, 288
menhaden,
figure of, i, 340; ii, 51
Menidia, ii, 218
Menidæ,
family of, ii, 218
Menomonee whitefish, ii, 63
Menopneumona, i, 612
Menticirrhus,
figure of, ii, 357
mergate fish, ii, 341
Merlangus, i, 209; ii, 537
Merluccius, i, 209; ii, 136
figure of, ii, 540
isocercal tail of, i, 83
shoulder-girdle of, i, 60
Merluciidæ, ii, 540
mermaid, i, 359
merou, ii, 323, 324
Merriam,
on fossil trout, ii, 62
Mesencephalon,
figured, i, 109, 110
mesentary, i, 32
Mesichthys, ii, 190
mesocoracoid, i, 89; ii, 12
mesoderm, i, 138
Mesodon, ii, 22
Mesogonistius, ii, 301
figure of, ii, 299
Mesolepis, ii, 15
mesopterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523; ii, 12
Mesopus, ii, 124
Swan on, ii, 123
Mesozoic fishes, i, 437
metameral characters, i, 23
metapterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523; ii, 12
metencephalon, figured, i, 109
Michigan grayling,
figure of, ii, 122
Microbranchium, i, 577
Microcanthus, ii, 404
Microdesmus, i, 271
Microdon, i, 204
Microgadus, ii, 537
figure of, ii, 538
Microlepidotus, i, 271
Microperca, ii, 307, 315
Micropogon, i, 271; ii, 356
Micropterus, i, 291, 302; ii, 297, 302, 304
figure of, i, 325; ii, 303, 305
Microspathodon, i, 271; ii, 384, 385
figure of, ii, 384
Microstoma, ii, 127
Microstomidæ, ii, 127
Microstomus, ii, 494
midshipman, i, 121, 189; ii, 526
luminous organs of, i, 191
migratory fishes, i, 160
milkfish,
figure of, ii, 45
milktschitsch, ii, 73
Miller, i, 426
miller's thumb, ii, 444
California, ii, 446
figure of, ii, 445
Yellowstone, ii, 444
Milner, i, 419
on whitefish, ii, 64
minnow, i, 33, 124, 304; ii, 118, 161, 163, 193, 196-199
treatment of eggs by, i, 129
Minous, ii, 436
Mioplosus, ii, 315
Mirbelia, ii, 531
mirror carp, i, 151; ii, 17
Misaki,
tide pools of, i, 161
Misgurnus, i, 98; ii, 176
Mississippi Valley,
blind fishes of, i, 117, 220
stone-roller of, i, 33
Missouri sucker, ii, 173
Mistichthys, ii, 467
Mitchill, i, 376, 418
on climbing-fish, ii, 367, 368
on Spanish mackerel, ii, 264
Mitchillina, ii, 60
Mitsukurina, i, 199, 536, 566
figures of, i, 535
Mitsukurinidæ, i, 534
Mitsukuri, i, 418
on phosphorescent shark, i, 189
portrait of, i, 417
Mivart,
on paired limbs, i, 70
monana, ii, 353
Mobula, i, 448
fœtus of, i, 560
Mobulidæ, i, 559
mojarra, ii, 348
figure of, ii, 348
mojarra cardenal, ii, 254
mojarra de las piedras, ii, 405
mojarra de ley, ii, 348
mojarra verde, ii, 381
Mola, i, 19, 84, 142, 206, 272; ii, 424, 425
figure of, ii, 424
larva of, figured, i, 143
Molgula, i, 474
Molgulidæ, i, 474
Molidæ, ii, 424
Molina, i, 396
Mollier,
on lateral fold, i, 71
Mollienesia, ii, 199
Mollusca, ii, 529
Molva, i, 209; ii, 538
Monacanthidæ, i, 242
family of, ii, 413
Monacanthus, i, 181, 206; ii, 414
du Monceau, i, 396
Mondini, ii, 144
mongrel whitefish, ii, 67
monkfish, i, 359; ii, 545
brain of, figured, i, 547
pectoral fin, figured, i, 56
Monocentridæ, ii, 250
family of, ii, 257
Houttuyn, discoverer of, ii, 257
Monocentrus, i, 260
figure of, ii, 257
Monoceros, i, 268; ii, 409
Monodactylus, ii, 398
figure of, ii, 397
Monolene, i, 206
Monopteridæ, ii, 141
Monopterus, ii, 141
Monorhinus, i, 593
Monotaxis, ii, 344
Monro, i, 390
monstre marin, i, 360, 361
monstrosities among fishes, i, 150
monstrous goldfish,
figure of, i, 151
Montagu, i, 396
month incubation, i, 170, 171, 172
Günther on, i, 173
Moorish idols, ii, 406
figure of, ii, 406
Moodeliar,
on climbing-fish, ii, 367, 368
mooneye, i, 290; ii, 45
moonfishes, i, 144; ii, 243, 244, 276, 401
figure of, i, 323
morays, ii, 152, 153
figure of, i, 458; ii, 155
Mordacia, i, 491
Mordaciidæ, i, 491
Moreau, i, 95, 412
Morgan, i, 428
Moringua, ii, 153, 189
Moringuidæ, ii, 188, 189
family of, ii, 153
Mormyrus, i, 393
Morone, ii, 321
figure of, ii, 322
morphology, i, 511
of fins, i, 62-90
Morris,
on lungs of fishes, i, 98-106
mortality of filefish, i, 357
Moseley,
on Ipnopidæ, ii, 131
Moser,
on catching salmon, ii, 85
moss-bunker, ii, 51
motor nerves, i, 153
mountain chains,
as barriers, i, 310
mountain-oopu, ii, 466
mountain-witch, ii, 445
Mount Whitney,
golden trout of, ii, 99
Moxostoma, ii, 174
mu, ii, 344
mucous channels, i, 22, 23
mud-bass, ii, 297
mud-dab, ii, 493
mud-minnows, i, 290; ii, 35, 193, 194
mud-minnows,
figure of, ii, 193
tenacity of life in, i, 147
mud-skippers, ii, 465
figure of, ii, 466
muffle jaws, ii, 444
Mugil, i, 32, 157, 343, 391; ii, 144, 219
figure of, i, 330; ii, 221
Mugilidæ, i, 206; ii, 219
muki-muki, i, 183; ii, 420
Müller, i, 384, 396, 405, 415, 428, 609, 613; ii, 3, 24, 39, 40, 144,
533
on elastic spring, i, 96
on ganoids, ii, 9
on gas in swim-bladder, i, 96
on Lepidosteus, ii, 5
portrait of, i, 399
Mullerian duct, i, 28
mullets, i, 117, 268, 328; ii, 39, 144, 215, 219, 221
Goode on, ii, 219, 220
Mullidæ, i, 206; ii, 257, 351-379
Mullus, i, 261, 393; ii, 256
figure of, i, 322; ii, 352
Munster, i, 423
munu, i, 322; ii, 352
Muræna, i, 211, 391; ii, 152
figure of, ii, 153
Murænesocidæ, ii, 150
Murænesox, i, 211; ii, 150
Murænidæ, i, 211; ii, 152, 155
Murænolepidæ, ii, 541
Murchison, i, 423
murcielago, ii, 458
muroaji, ii, 274
muscles of the fish, i, 25
muskallonge,
figure of, ii, 192
Musquaw whitefish, ii, 65
Mustelus, i, 71, 541
mutsu, ii, 317
mutton-fish, i, 324; ii, 518
mutton-snapper, ii, 335
figure of, i, 331
Mycteroperca, 271; ii, 325, 327
figure of, ii, 327
Myctophidæ, i, 189, 204; ii, 132-134, 526
Myctophum, i, 195; ii, 133, 134
figure of, ii, 133
Myliobatis, i, 557, 558
Mylognathus, i, 565
Mylostoma, i, 583, 584, 587, 589, 590
Mylostomidæ, i, 587
myotomes, i, 71
Myoxocephalus, ii, 445
figure of, i, 219; ii, 446, 447
Myriacanthidæ, i, 566
Myriacanthus, i, 566; ii, 255
Myrichthys,
figure of, ii, 151
Myridæ, ii, 148, 150
Myriolepis, ii, 14
Myripristis, i, 162, 268, 271; ii, 254-256
Myrocongridæ, ii, 153
Myrophis, i, 313
Myrus, i, 259, 263; ii, 150
Mysis, i, 317
Mysore,
walking-fish of, i, 167
mythology of fishes, i, 359-366
Myxine, i, 198, 490, 593
Myxinidæ, i, 489
Myxobolus, i, 343
Myxocyprinus, ii, 173
Myxodagnus, ii, 506
Myxodes, ii, 508
Myxosporidia, i, 342, 344
Myzontes, i, 486
Nagg's head-fish, i, 375, 376
Naisia, ii, 32
namazu, ii, 188
names of bones, i, 39
names of fishes, i, 372
nami-ho-hana, ii, 218
Nandidæ, ii, 358
Nannocharax, ii, 162
Nansenia, ii, 127
Narcine,
figure of, i, 185, 553
Narcobatidæ,
family of, i, 553
Narcobatis, i, 553
Nardo, i, 412
Nassau,
figure of, ii, 324
natural selection,
effect of, i, 318
in fishes, i, 218
process of, i, 297
species changed by, i, 240
Naucrates, ii, 272, 278
figure of, ii, 273
Nantichthys, ii, 448
Nebris, ii, 355
Necturus, i, 157, 600
needle-bearing filefish,
figure of, ii, 414
needle-fishes, i, 128
figure of, ii, 210
negro-chub, ii, 167
negro-fish, ii, 324
Nelson, i, 419
on Anableps, ii, 196, 197
Nemachilus, ii, 176
Nematognathi, i, 405; ii, 9, 40, 161, 177, 178
Nematistiidæ, ii, 278
Nematocentrus, ii, 218
Nematodes, i, 344
Linton on, i, 352
Nematonurus, ii, 541
Nemichthyidæ, ii, 151
Nemichthys, i, 211; ii, 151
figure of, i, 17, 365; ii, 152
jaws figured, i, 156
Nemipterus, ii, 340
Nemopteryx, ii, 539
Neoceratodus, i, 79, 80, 100, 116, 204, 450, 613
eggs of, i, 618
figure of, i, 614
lower jaw of, figured, i, 616
shoulder-girdle in, i, 68, 609
skull of, i, 67
Neochanna, i, 252; ii, 206
Neoclinus, ii, 462
figure of, ii, 507
Neoditrema, ii, 375
Neoliparis, ii, 455
figure of, ii, 455
Neopercis, ii, 502
Neosebastes, ii, 433
nerka, ii, 73
nerve cells and fibres, i, 152
nerves of fishes, i, 113, 114
nervous system, i, 109-114
nest-building, ii, 229
of sticklebacks, ii, 230, 231
nest of fish, i, 14, 172
Nettastoma, i, 211, 259; ii, 151
Nettastomidæ, ii, 148, 151
neurentric canal, i, 138
Newberry, i, 426, 428, 584, 589
New England,
scanty fauna of, i, 302
Newton, i, 426
New Zealand,
fauna of, i, 252
nezupo, ii, 441
nictitating membrane, i, 540
nijinge-rijinge, i, 171, 172
Nieuhof, i, 396
Nilsson, i, 410
Niphon, ii, 320
nohu, ii, 434
noises of fishes, i, 168, 169
Nomeidæ, ii, 283
nomenclature, i, 173
beginning of, i, 374
trinomial, i, 378
of trunkfishes, i, 373
Nordmann, i, 410
northern blennies, ii, 511
northern zone, i, 250
Norway haddock, ii, 428
Notacanthidæ, ii, 157
Notacanthus, ii, 157, 532
figure of, ii, 158
Notæus, ii, 36
Notagogus, ii, 26
figure of, ii, 28
Notelops, ii, 44
Notidiani, i, 447, 513, 519, 526
order of, i, 523
Notidanoid shark, i, 438
skull of, figured, i, 56
Notidanus, i, 523, 524
notochord, i, 55, 56, 509
in Chimæras, i, 59
in Elasmobranchs, i, 57
Notogeneus, i, 456
figure of, ii, 55
Notopteridæ, ii, 48, 49
Notopterus, ii, 49
Nototheniidæ, ii, 501, 502, 533
Notropis, i, 129, 283, 304, 307, 311, 313; ii, 164
figure of, i, 343, 457; ii, 165, 167
Noturus, i, 180; ii, 177, 182
Novaculichthys, ii, 390
Novara, i, 410
Nozawa, i, 418
numbers of genera, i, 262
numbfish,
figure of, i, 185, 553
number of vertebræ, i, 202-204
nuptial colors, i, 155, 156
nuptial tubercles, i, 33
figure showing, ii, 167
Nyström, i, 416
oarfish, i, 361; ii, 472
figure of, i, 362; ii, 476
Forgy on, ii, 473
Glesnæs, ii, 472
Holder on, ii, 474
Oatka Creek, i, 282
Oblata, i, 260; ii, 348
ocean currents,
agency of, i, 242
Ocyurus,
figure of, ii, 337
Odacidæ, ii, 388
Odax, ii, 390
Odontaspididæ, i, 533
Odontaspis, i, 534
Odontoscion, ii, 355
Odontostomus, ii, 136
Odontotodontidæ, i, 576
Odontotodus,
figure of, i, 570
Ogcocephalidæ, ii, 551
Ogcocephalus,
figure of, ii, 551-553
shoulder-girdle in, i, 88
Ogilby, i, 408, 416
on ragfishes, ii, 285
oil shark, i, 524
Oikopleura, i, 474
ojanco, ii, 337
okose, i, 236, 429; ii, 436
oldwench, ii, 413
oldwife, ii, 413
Old World catfish, ii, 182
olfactory lobe,
figure of, i, 111
Oligocottus, ii, 447, 449
figure of, ii, 449
Oligopleuridæ, ii, 36, 41
Oligopleurus, ii, 36
Oligoplites, ii, 272
Oligorus, ii, 320
ombre chevalier, ii, 108, 109
Omosoma, ii, 284
Omosudis, ii, 136
Onchus,
Agassiz on, i, 530
fin-spine of, i, 509
Oncobatis, i, 553
Oncottus, i, 317; ii, 447, 449
figure of, ii, 447
Oncolepis, ii, 513
Oncopterus, ii, 489
Oncorhynchus, i, 146, 160, 301, 329, 332; ii, 68, 70, 89, 94
figure of, 354; ii, 69, 71, 72, 76
ontogeny, i, 511
ontology, i, 63
oopu, ii, 465
Onychodontidæ, i, 602, 604
Onychodus, i, 604
opahs, i, 210; ii, 243
taken by Berndt, ii, 244
Farquhar on, ii, 244
figure of, i, 323
opercle, i, 7, 45
opercula,
used in climbing, ii, 367
operculum, ii, 7
Ophicephalidæ, ii, 370
Ophidiidæ, ii, 520
Ophidion, i, 391, 612
Ophichthyidæ, i, 211; ii, 150
Ophichthus,
figure of, ii, 151
Ophiocephalidæ, i, 103, 104; ii, 215
Ophiocephalus, i, 149
figure of, i, 150
Ophiodon, ii, 442, 518, 520
figure of, ii, 440
Ophioblennius, ii, 510
Ophiopsis, ii, 26
Ophocephalus,
figure of, ii, 370
Opistharthri, i, 509
Opisthocentrus, ii, 512
Opisthocœlian, i, 49; ii, 29
Opisthocœlous, ii, 6
Opisthognathidæ, ii, 330, 359, 499, 502
Opisthognathus, ii, 462, 508
figure of, ii, 360
Opisthomi, i, 611; ii, 499, 532-542
Opisthomyzon, ii, 469
Storms on, ii, 469
Opisthonema, ii, 51, 53
opisthure, i, 84
Oplegnathus, i, 260
Opsanus, ii, 525
figure of, ii, 524
Opsariichthys, ii, 165
optic nerves,
of flounders, ii, 482
orbitophenoid, ii, 40
orca, i, 361, 536
order,
defined, i, 373
organs of the fish,
electric, i, 25
of hearing, i, 119-121
nutritive, i, 29
Orectolobus, i, 533
Orestias, ii, 200
Oregon lamprey,
figure of, i, 496
Oregon sucker,
teeth of, figured, ii, 175
Ordovician deposits,
figure of, i, 435
origin,
of air-bladder, i, 98
of fins, i, 62, 64, 67
of lungs, i, 98
origin of lancelets,
Willey on, i, 484
Orodontidæ, i, 65, 66, 447, 528
Orr,
on external gill, i, 77
Ortmann, i, 238, 256, 270
map of continents, i, 270
Orthacanthus, i, 521
Orthodon, ii, 165
Orthopristis, ii, 342
Orthopsetta, i, 206; ii, 489
Orthostœchus, i, 271
Osbeck, i, 389
Osbeckia, ii, 414
figure of, ii, 414
Osborn,
on extinction of species, i, 239, 442
on law of radiation, i, 296
Osmeroides, ii, 44, 134
Osmerus, i, 391; ii, 123, 127
figure of, ii, 123
Osphromenidæ, ii, 368, 370
Osphromenus, ii, 368
ossicles,
Hasse on, i, 96
Ostariophysi, i, 120; ii, 38, 40, 140, 209
series of, ii, 159-165
Osteoglossidæ, ii, 56, 60, 160
Osteoglossum, ii, 11, 41, 42, 56, 57
Osteolepis, i, 602-604
Osteostraci, i, 568, 571, 573, 590
order of, i, 575
Ostichthys,
figure of, ii, 255
Ostraciidæ, i, 568
family of, ii, 415
Ostracion, i, 206, 373, 391; ii, 416-418
figure of, i, 16, 376; ii, 416
Ostracodermi, i, 568; ii, 398, 411, 415
Ostracophores, i, 240, 242, 246, 444, 488, 568, 581, 582, 590, 603; ii,
3
figure of, i, 444
nature of, i, 569
order of, i, 573
Ostracophori, i, 462
class of, i, 568, 569
Osurus, ii, 502
Otaki, i, 418, 422
Otodus, i, 538
otoliths, i, 119-121; 354
Otsego bass, ii, 64
Ouananiche, ii, 92, 93
Overland Monthly,
reference to, ii, 69
oviducts, ii, 6
oviparous fishes, i, 125
ovoviviparous fishes, i, 125, 550
Owen, i, 88, 90, 424, 428
on swordfish, ii, 270, 271
Owsjannikow, i, 428
Owston,
sharks taken by, i, 534
Oxuderces, ii, 468
Oxudercidæ, ii, 468
Oxygnathus, ii, 14
Oxylabracidæ, ii, 320, 327
family of, ii, 319
Oxylabrax, ii, 320, 355
figure of, ii, 319
Oxylebius, ii, 440
Oxyjulis, ii, 388
Oxymonacanthus, ii, 415
Oxynotidæ, i, 546
Oxynotus, i, 546
Oxystomus, i, 259
oyster-fish, ii, 525
Ozorthe, ii, 513
figure of, i, 9; ii, 513
Pachycormidæ, ii, 34
Pachycormus, ii, 34
Pachylebias, ii, 201
Pachyrhizodontidæ, ii, 44
Pachyrhizodus, ii, 44
Pacific Creek, i, 308, 309
paddle-fish, i, 199, 253, 290; ii, 20
Pagellus, i, 260, 267; ii, 344, 346
Pagrus, i, 94, 259, 263, 324; ii, 343, 344, 346
figure of, ii, 342
paired fins,
in Acanthodei, i, 515
Balfour on, ii, 8
migration of, i, 75
origin of, i, 64
Ryder on, i, 66
paired limbs,
Dean on, i, 81
Mivart on, i, 70
relation of, i, 69
Thacker on, i, 70
Gill on, i, 85
palæichthyologists, i, 424, 426, 427
palæichthyology, i, 426
Palæichthys, ii, 3
Palæobalistum, ii, 22
Palæoniscidæ, i, 452, 580; ii, 4, 14, 15, 23
Palæoniscum, i, 437, 622
Blainville on, ii, 14
figure of, i, 453; ii, 14
palæontology, evidence of, i, 64
Palæorhynchidæ,
family of, ii, 268
Palæorhynchus, ii, 268
figure of, ii, 268
Palæospinax, i, 528
Palæospondylidæ, i, 593
Palæospondylus, i, 204, 437, 444, 593, 595, 596
figure of, i, 591
relationships of, i, 593
palatines, i, 6
palatopterygoid arch, ii, 152, 155
palato-quadrate apparatus, i, 508, 509, 523
Palinurichthys, ii, 284
Pallas, ii, 67, 135, 428, 522
Pallasina, ii, 453
figure of, i, 221; ii, 453
Palœaspis, i, 575
palometa, i, 324; ii, 283
pampano, i, 210, 324; ii, 272-292
gaff-topsail, ii, 277
great, ii, 277
round, ii, 277
true, ii, 277
panai feri, ii, 367
Panama,
as barrier, i, 270
final hypothesis as to, i, 279
pancreas, i, 32
Pander, i, 427
pan fish, ii, 355
Panicum, ii, 369
Pantodon, ii, 60
Pantodontidæ, ii, 57
Pantosteus, i, 304, 316; ii, 172
papagallo, ii, 278
papilla, i, 115
Pappichthys, ii, 36
Parabatrachus, i, 604
Paracentropogon, ii, 436
Paracentropristis, ii, 328
Paracirrhites, ii, 363
paraglenal, i, 90; ii, 12
Paragobiodon, ii, 466
Paralabrax, ii, 328
Paralepidæ, ii, 136
Paralichthys, i, 206; ii, 482, 486, 492
figure of, ii, 493
shoulder-girdle of, i, 58; ii, 2
tail of, figured, i, 83; ii, 486
Paraliparis, i, 202, 219; ii, 454, 455
Paramia, ii, 317
Paranguilla, ii, 150
Paranthias, ii, 328
Paraphyllodus, ii, 396
Parapristipoma, ii, 342
Parapegasus, ii, 240
Parapercis, ii, 502
Parasilurus, ii, 183
parasites of fishes,
crustaceans, i, 340
figures illustrating, i, 341-344
fungi, i, 353
Heart Lake tapeworm, i, 348
hosts of, i, 343
internal, i, 342
protozoans, i, 342
parasitic diseases,
Gurley on, i, 342
Linton on, i, 343
Megnin on, i, 343
Railliet on, i, 343
Stiles on, i, 343
Ward on, i, 343
parasitic fungi, i, 353
parasitic worms,
acanthocephala, i, 344
cestodes, i, 344
an article of food, i, 351
nematodes, i, 344
trematodes, i, 344
Paratrachichthys, i, 439; ii, 295
figure of, ii, 253
Paraxus, i, 517
Pareioplitæ, ii, 426-458
parental affection in fishes, i, 166, 167
Parexocœtus, ii, 214
parent-stream theory, ii, 81
Parequula, ii, 287
pargo criollo, i, 324; ii, 335
pargo de lo alto, ii, 336
pargo guachinango, ii, 335
pargos, ii, 333
Park, i, 393
Parker, i, 90, 428, 594; ii, 160, 482
on Chimæras, i, 563
on hearing of fishes, i, 121, 122
optic nerve of flounder, ii, 482, 483
on soles, ii, 483
Parnell, i, 410
Parophrys, ii, 493
Parr, ii, 91
Parra, i, 396
parrot-fish, i, 21; ii, 56, 360, 385, 390, 393
figure of, i, 330; ii, 392, 394, 395
jaws of, figured, i, 30; ii, 391
pharyngeals of, i, 47, 48; ii, 393
parts of skeleton, i, 35
paru, ii, 405
Patæcidæ, ii, 516
Patæcus, ii, 514
patao, ii, 348
Patten, i, 428
on Ostracophores, i, 569
pesce re, ii, 218
peacock flounders, ii, 488
pearlfish, i, 84, 159; ii, 522
figure of, i, 522, 523
pêche prêtre, ii, 429
Peck, i, 419
pecten, ii, 6
pectoral fin, i, 10, 521
of Chiloscyllium, i, 66
of codfish, i, 66
figure of, i, 57, 66
Gegenbaur on, i, 66, 67
of Heptranchias, i, 57
origin of, i, 67
pectoral limb, i, 50
of Dipnoan, i, 60
figure of, i, 85
Kerr on, i, 61
in shark, i, 60
peculiar,
jaws and teeth, i, 201
larval forms, i, 142
pediculates, i, 51, 206, 207, 405; ii, 40, 499
order of, ii, 542-553
Pegador,
figure of, i, 197; ii, 468
pegapega, ii, 468
Pegasidæ, ii, 240
family of, ii, 239
Pegasus, i, 393; ii, 240
peixe rey, ii, 216
pelagic fishes, i, 245
vertebræ in, i, 209
Pelamis, i, 364
Pelargorhynchus, ii, 136
Pelates, ii, 342
Pelecanus, i, 345
Pelecopterus, ii, 34
pelican,
fish parasites in, i, 345
pelican-eel, ii, 156
Pellegrin, i, 412
on poisonous fishes, i, 182-184
Pelor, i, 180; ii, 434
Peltacephalata, i, 568
pelvic girdle, i, 42
Pempheridæ, ii, 288
Pempheris, ii, 289
figure of, ii, 289, 290
penfishes, ii, 344
Penella, i, 242
Pennant, i, 396
on parental affection in fishes, i, 166
Pentacerotidæ,[14] ii, 333
Footnote 14:
This family should stand as _Histiopteridæ_, the name _Pentaceros_,
_Pentacerotidæ_, being used earlier for starfishes.
pentadactyle limb, i, 79
Pentapus, ii, 341
Peprilus, ii, 285
figure of, i, 18; ii, 284
Perca, 391; ii, 307, 315, 367
brain of, i, 111
figure of, ii, 308
Percalates, ii, 320
Percarina, ii, 310
Percesoces, ii, 157, 208, 228, 290, 360, 370, 521, 522
order of, ii, 215
perches, i, 21, 209, 290, 304; ii, 168, 258, 304, 307, 310
brain of, figured, i, 111
European, ii, 307
everglade pigmy, figured, ii, 295
white, ii, 304
yellow, ii, 307, 308
Percichthys, ii, 320
Percidæ, i, 209, 248, 290, 406; ii, 171, 258, 294, 304, 309, 320
family of, ii, 304
Percilia, ii, 320
Percina, ii, 306, 310
figure of, ii, 311
Percis, ii, 453
Percoidea, ii, 293-315
Percoidei, ii, 398
percoid fishes, ii, 293-315
Percomorphi, ii, 258-271, 365, 397, 398, 426
suborder of, ii, 258
Percophidæ, ii, 502
Percopsidæ, i, 290; ii, 241
family of, ii, 241
Percopsis, i, 316; ii, 296
figure of, ii, 241
periblast, i, 136
Periophthalmus, i, 117; ii, 465, 510
figure of, i, 118; ii, 466
Peristediidæ, i, 208; ii, 457
Peristedion, i, 219
figure of, i, 299; ii, 457
peritoneum, i, 32
Permian, ii, 14, 23
sharks from, i, 517
Perugia, i, 412
pescado azul, ii, 382
pescadillo del red, ii, 354
pescado blanco, i, 328; ii, 216
figure of, i, 217, 329
pescado del rey, ii, 216
pesce rey, ii, 216
Petalodontidæ, i, 531
family of, i, 554
teeth of, figured, i, 555
Petalodus, i, 554
Petalopteryx, ii, 26, 458
Peters, i, 411
peto, ii, 266
Petromyzon, i, 132, 142, 357, 372, 391, 490, 618
figure of, i, 491
mouth figured, i, 492
head of, figured, i, 111
Petromyzonidæ, i, 290, 373, 490
Petroscirtes, ii, 509
pez ciego, ii, 524
pez del rey,
figure of, ii, 218
pez de pluma, ii, 344
pez puerco, ii, 413
Phæbodus, i, 522
Phanerodon, ii, 375
Phaneropleuron, i, 612
figure of, i, 613
Phanerosteon, i, 580
Phareodus, ii, 56, 57
figures of, ii, 57-59
fossils of, ii, 58, 59
pharyngeals, i, 5, 48
figure of, i, 47
of Italian parrot-fish, ii, 391
of parrot-fish, figured, ii, 391
use in voice, i, 121
pharyngeal teeth,
figured, ii, 175
Pharyngognathi, i, 405; ii, 259, 380, 396
suborder of, ii, 384
Philippi, i, 415
Philypnus, ii, 459
figure of, ii, 460
Pholidophoridæ, ii, 26, 29, 36, 41
Pholidophorus, ii, 28
figure of, ii, 29
Pholidurus, ii, 22
Pholis, i, 209; ii, 512
figure of, ii, 512
phosphorescent groups, i, 187
phosphorescent organs,
artificial stimulation of, i, 191
chemical action in, i, 196
cross-section of, i, 193
Greene on, i, 194, 196, 197
Lendenfeld on, i, 194, 195
of Porichthys, i, 194
photophores, i, 187, 189
Phoxinus, ii, 167
Phractolamidæ, ii, 48
Phrynorhombus, ii, 488
Phtheirichthys, ii, 469
Phthinobranchii, i, 227-240
Phyllodus, ii, 396
Phyllolepidæ, i, 584
phylogeny, i, 63, 79
Phylopteryx, ii, 238
Phylyctænaspis, i, 586
Physoclysti, i, 405; ii, 39, 209
physostome, ii, 10
Physostomi, i, 405; ii, 39, 40
picarel, ii, 347
pickerel, i, 4; ii, 147
pigfish, ii, 342
pigmentation, i, 226
effect of spirits on, i, 235
pigmy sunfishes, ii, 296
pike, i, 209, 239, 250, 290, 304, 328, 440; ii, 190
figure of, i, 203, 328; ii, 191
skeleton of, i, 203
pike-perch, ii, 309
pilchard, ii, 50
pilot-fish, i, 63; ii, 272
figure of, ii, 273
Pimelodus, ii, 183, 186
Pimelometopon, ii, 388, 389
figure of, ii, 389
pineal organ, i, 111
Dean on, i, 112
figure of, i, 111
pine-cone-fish,
figure of, i, 16; ii, 257
pinfish, ii, 344
ping, ii, 91
Pinguipedidæ, ii, 363, 499
pink, ii, 72
pintado, ii, 266
pipefish, i, 64, 128, 440
family of, ii, 236
pirate-perch, i, 290; ii, 294
figure of, ii, 295
Pisces, i, 393, 588
characteristics of, i, 506
Piso, i, 389
placoderm, i, 462, 584, 590, 591, 593
Placodermi, i, 568, 622, 623
placoid scales, i, 21
Placopharynx, ii, 174
lower pharyngeal figured, ii, 171
Plagioscion, ii, 354
Plagiostomi, i, 507
Plagiuri, i, 392
Plagyodontidæ, ii, 134, 136
Plagyodus, ii, 136
figure of, ii, 135
plaice, ii, 487, 493
plaice tribe, ii, 492
pla-kat, ii, 370
Platacidæ, ii, 398, 400, 401
Platax, i, 240, 268; ii, 243, 245, 398, 401
Platophrys,
figure of, i, 174, 175
larval form, i, 174
Platichthys, ii, 482, 493
figure of, ii, 495
Platophrys, ii, 481, 482, 488
larval stages of, figured, ii, 484
Platycephalidæ, i, 267
family of, ii, 441
Platycephalus, ii, 441
Platycormus, ii, 283, 284, 485
Platyglossus, ii, 390
Platyptera, ii, 506
Platysomidæ, ii, 4, 14, 15
Platysomus, ii, 15
figure of, i, 452
Platystacus, i, 128; ii, 184
Platyurus, i, 364
Playfair, i, 416
Plecoglossus, i, 260; ii, 62, 115, 117
figure of, i, 321; ii, 116
plectognath fishes, i, 206
Plectognathi, ii, 9, 40
series of, ii, 411
Plectognaths, ii, 291, 411
Plectorhynchus, ii, 341
Plectospondyli, ii, 40, 161, 162
plectospondylous, i, 48
Plectromus, ii, 253
Plectropoma, ii, 323
Plesiops, ii, 330, 359
Plethodus, ii, 44
Pleuracanthus, i, 65, 66, 204, 437, 510, 511, 513
diphycercal tail of, i, 80
figures of, i, 74, 519, 520
headbones and teeth of, figured, i, 520
Pleurocanthidæ, i, 519, 520, 522, 566
Pleurogrammus, i, 209
figure of, i, 328; ii, 439
Pleuronectidæ, i, 290
family of, ii, 485
Pleuronectinæ, ii, 492
Pleuronectes, i, 391; ii, 493
Pleuronichthys, i, 206, 257; ii, 493
figure of, i, 441
Pleuropholis, ii, 29
Pleuropterygii, i, 513, 514, 518
Plioplarchus, ii, 304
Plotosidæ, ii, 184
Plotosus, ii, 184
Plumier, i, 389
Pneumatosteus, ii, 32
Podopteryx, ii, 457
Podothecus, ii, 453
pond-skipper,
figure of, i, 118; ii, 466
Pœcilia, ii, 199
Pœciliidæ, 22, 125; ii, 194, 198, 199, 201, 213
figure of, i, 126
Pœcilodus, i, 531
Poey, i, 376, 415
portrait of, i, 413
Pogonias, i, 595; ii, 354, 357
figure of, ii, 358
Pogonichthys, ii, 169
poison fishes, i, 180-185, 236
figure of, i, 229; ii, 436
poison glands, ii, 177, 527
in catfishes, ii, 182
Günther on, ii, 527, 528, 529
poisonous fishes, ii, 325, 335
diseases arising from, i, 183
varieties of, i, 180, 182, 183
Polistotrema,
figure of, i, 489
Pollachius, i, 209; ii, 537
pollack,
figure of, ii, 537
Pollard, i, 595, 600
Polycentridæ, ii, 358
Polyclinidæ, i, 477
Polydactylus,
figure of, ii, 225
shoulder-girdle of, i, 89; ii, 225
Polygnathus,
figure of, i, 486
Polymixia, i, 122; ii, 257
Polymixiidæ,
family of, ii, 256
Polynemidæ, i, 122; 11, 215, 224
Polynemus, i, 393
Polyodon, i, 199, 253, 302, 452, 534, 566, 622, 623; ii, 22
figure of, ii, 22
Polyodontidæ, i, 290; ii, 20, 21, 22
Polyospondyli, i, 509, 530, 561
Polypteridæ, i, 602, 605
Boulenger on, i, 608
Polypterus, i, 76, 79, 88, 89, 204, 450, 600, 601, 603, 606, 616; ii, 2
figure of, i, 79, 602, 607
shoulder-girdle of, figured, i, 600
Polyrhizodus, i, 555
Polystylidæ, i, 476
Pomacanthus, ii, 403, 405
figure of, ii, 403
Pomacentridæ, i, 206, 209; ii, 380, 381, 382
organs of smell in, i, 115
Pomacentrus, i, 235; ii, 383
figure of, ii, 382
species of, ii, 383
Pomadasis, ii, 341, 342
Pomatomidæ, ii, 278
Pomatomus, ii, 278
figure of, i, 324
pomfret, ii, 286
Pomolobus, i, 300; ii, 49, 53
figure of, i, 455; ii, 50
Pomotis, i, 302; ii, 379
Pomoxis, i, 302; ii, 297
figure of, ii, 297, 298
pompon, ii, 341
pond-skipper,
figure of, i, 118
pond-smelt, ii, 124
poolfishes, i, 159
pope, ii, 309
poppy-fish, ii, 283
Popular Science Monthly,
reference to, ii, 69
porbeagle, i, 537
porc des rivières, ii, 369
porcupine-fish, i, 19, 197; ii, 422, 423
figure of, i, 17; ii, 422
porgy, i, 239; ii, 342
varieties of, ii, 344
Porichthys, i, 121, 190, 191, 192; ii, 526
figure of, i, 23; ii, 526
Greene on, i, 190; ii, 526
luminous organs of, i, 172
phosphorescent organs of, i, 191
porkfish, ii, 341
figure of, ii, 341
portal vein, i, 108
Portheus, ii, 48
skeleton of, ii, 47
Port Jackson shark,
eggs of, figured, i, 128, 527
portugais, ii, 405
Portuguese man-of-war,
figure of, i, 160
Porcus, ii, 183
postembryonic development of fishes, i, 132
posterior limbs, i, 53
postero-temporal, i, 90
post-temporal, i, 88, 90
Potamorrhaphis, ii, 211
Powrie, i, 424
predatory fishes, i, 116; ii, 164
premaxillary,
figure of, i, 55
preopercle, i, 45
preservation of fishes,
Günther on, i, 431
methods of, i, 431, 432
Priacanthidæ, ii, 333
Priacanthus, ii, 333
figure of, ii, 331
Pribilof sculpin,
figure of, ii, 446
Priem, i, 427
priestfish,
figure of, ii, 430
Prime,
on crab-eater as game fish, ii, 282
primitive fishes,
brain of, i, 112
skeleton of, i, 54
primitive herring-like fishes, i, 454
primitive sharks, i, 511
orders of, i, 513
Prionace, i, 542
Prionodus, i, 488
Prionodes, ii, 329
Prionotus, i, 246; ii, 283
figure of, ii, 456
Prionurus, ii, 409
Priscacara, ii, 381
Pristipoma, i, 375
Pristididæ, i, 549
Pristodontidæ, i, 555
Pristiophoridæ,
family of, i, 548, 549
Pristiophorus, i, 199
figure of, i, 201, 548
Pristis, i, 199, 548
figure of, i, 200
Pristiurus, i, 70
proach, ii, 445
Proantigonia, ii, 400
Proballostomus, ii, 201
problem of highest fishes,
Gill on, i, 383
problem of Oatka Creek, i, 282
process of natural selection, i, 297, 302
Prochanos, ii, 45
Prognathodes, ii, 404
Progymnodon, ii, 423
Prolebias, ii, 201
Promethichthys, ii, 267
Promicrops, ii, 323
pronephros, i, 619; ii, 5, 8
Pronotocanthus, ii, 157
Propristis, i, 550
propterygium, i, 58, 511, 512, 523
Prosarthri, i, 509, 526
proscapula, i, 89
prosencephalon, i, 109
figure of, i, 111
Protamia, ii, 36
Protaulopsis, ii, 233
protection,
through poisonous flesh, i, 182
of young, i, 128
protective,
coloration, i, 226
markings, i, 228
Proteus, i, 600
Protocatostomus, ii, 56
protocercal tail, i, 81, 598
Wyman on, i, 81
Protochordata, i, 460-466
Protonotacanthidæ, ii, 157
Protopterus, i, 82, 85, 100, 204, 450, 613, 616, 617
figure of, i, 622
Protoselachii, i, 523
Protosphyræna, ii, 34
Protosphyrænidæ, ii, 34
Prostospondyli, ii, 23, 34
Protosyngnathus, ii, 233
Prototroctes, i, 252; ii, 128
protozoan parasites, i, 342
Provençal i, 95
Psammobatis, i, 553
Psammodus, i, 558, 559
Psammosteidæ, i, 574
Psenes, ii, 285
Psenopsis, ii, 284
Psephodus, i, 531
Psephurus, i, 199, 253, 452, 622, 623
figure of, ii, 21
Psettidæ, ii, 291
Psettus, ii, 398, 400
figure of, ii, 399
Pseudecheneis, ii, 184
Pseudeleginus, ii, 502
Pseudobagrus, ii, 183
Pseudoberyx, ii, 52
Pseudoblennius, i, 260; ii, 448
pseudobranch, ii, 7
pseudobranchiæ, i, 92
Pseudocheilinus, ii, 390
Pseudochromipidæ, ii, 359
Pseudogaleus, i, 533
Pseudojulis, ii, 389
Pseudolabrus, ii, 390
Pseudomonacanthus, ii, 415
Pseudopleuronectes, i, 174; ii, 493
larval figures of, i, 176; ii, 483
Pseudopriacanthus, ii, 332, 333
figure of, ii, 332
Pseudorhombus, ii, 492
Pseudoscaphirhynchus, ii, 18, 20
Pseudoscarus, i, 329; ii, 394, 396
figure of, i, 330
Pseudosciæna, i, 169; ii, 355, 356
Pseudotriakidæ,
family of, i, 536
Pseudotriakis, i, 536
Pseudovomer, ii, 278, 286
Pseudogobio, i, 416
Pseudupeneus, ii, 352
figure of, i, 122, 329; ii, 351
Psychrolutes, i, 219; ii, 441, 447, 449
figure of, i, 221; ii, 451
Psychromaster, ii, 315
Pteraclidæ, ii, 286, 291
Pteraclis, ii, 286
Pteraspidæ, i, 570
Pteraspis, i, 569, 571, 591, 622
figure of, i, 575
Pterichthyodes, i, 444, 622
figure of, i, 576
Pterichthys, i, 581
Pterogobius,
figure of, ii, 462
Pterois, i, 180, 202; ii, 434
figure of, ii, 435
Pterophryne, ii, 550
figure of, ii, 549
species of, ii, 550
Pteroplatea, i, 556
Pteropsaridæ, ii, 502
Pteropsaron,
figure of, ii, 502
Pterothrissidæ, ii, 46
described, ii, 46
Pterothrissus, ii, 46
Pterophryne,
figure of, i, 52
pterygials, ii, 1
Pterygocephalus, ii, 513
pterygoid, i, 606
Ptilichthyidæ, ii, 513
Ptilichthys,
figure of, ii, 514
Ptychochelius, i, 164, 304; ii, 169
figure of, i, 162
Ptychoderidæ, i, 465
Ptychodus, i, 557
Ptycholepis, ii, 26
figure of, ii, 28
ptychopterygium, i, 510, 512
Ptychodus, i, 566
pudding-wife, ii, 388
pudiano, ii, 388
puffer, inflated,
figure of, ii, 420
puffers, i, 206, 236;
figure of, ii, 419, 420
silver, ii, 419
tiger, ii, 423
pugnacity of fishes, i, 162
pug-nosed eel, ii, 148
figure of, ii, 149
Putnam, i, 405; ii, 522
Pycnodonti, ii, 13
Pycnodontidæ, ii, 22
Pycnodus, ii, 22
Pygæidæ, ii, 405
Pygæus, ii, 405, 410
Pygidiidæ, ii, 185, 186
Pygopterus, ii, 14
Pygosteus, ii, 231
pyloric cæca, i, 26, 32
Pyrosoma, i, 477
Pyrosomidæ, i, 477
quadrate, i, 606
Quassilabia, ii, 174
Quensel, i, 396
Querimana, ii, 222
questions,
by Agassiz, i, 284
by Cope, i, 288
quiescent fishes, i, 158
quillfish,
the, ii, 513
figure of, ii, 514
quinnat salmon, i, 150, 301; ii, 68, 73-76
figure of, i, 354; ii, 69, 79
young male figured, i, 355
rabbit-fishes,
figure of, ii, 423
Rabirubia, ii, 337
Rachycentridæ,
family of, ii, 282
Rachycentron, ii, 470, 468
figure of, ii, 282
Rafinesque, i, 395; ii, 315
on imaginary garpike, i, 364, 366
ragfishes, the, ii, 285
Ogilby on, ii, 285
rainbow darter, ii, 315
rainbow trout, ii, 96-98, 100
figure of, i, 326; ii, 98, 99
Raja, i, 72, 129, 391, 549
figure of, i, 448, 552
Rajidæ, i, 551, 553
Ranicipitidæ, ii, 539
Rangeley trout, ii, 109
figure of, i, 326
Raniceps, ii, 539
Ranzania, i, 84, 412
figure of, ii, 425
Rapp, i, 411
Rascasio, ii, 433
ratfish, i, 564
Rathke, i, 428; ii, 144
rat-tail, i, 209; ii, 441, 540
Ray, i, 390
ray, i, 9, 24, 35, 117, 508, 509, 549
electric organs of, i, 186
razor-back sucker, ii, 174
figure of, ii, 175
razor-fish,
figure of, ii, 388
recognition marks, i, 7, 231, 232
records of fishes, i, 433
red charr, ii, 108
red drum,
figure of, ii, 356
redeye, ii, 168
Redfield, i, 423
redfin, ii, 166
Redfieldius, ii, 16
redfish, ii, 68, 324, 355, 388
figure of, ii, 389
red goatfish, ii, 35
figure of, i, 329
red grouper, ii, 324
figure of, ii, 325
red hind, ii, 324
figure of, ii, 326
red-mouth grunt, ii, 340
red mullet, ii, 352
red mumea, ii, 335
red parrot-fish,
figure of, ii, 393
red porgy, ii, 343
red rockfish, ii, 429
red rock-trout, ii, 440
skeleton of, figured, i, 214
red salmon, ii, 69, 71, 82
figure of, ii, 70, 76
red snapper, ii, 330, 335
red tai, ii, 349
figure of, ii, 342
red-throated trout, ii, 102
red voraz, ii, 338
red wrasse, ii, 387
Reed, ii, 112, 113
on trout-fishing, ii, 112
Regalecidæ,
family of, i, 472
Regalecus, i, 361; ii, 425, 472, 473, 479
figure of, i, 362, 363
Regan, ii, 291
on Teleostomi, i, 622, 623
Règnè Animal, i, 400
Reighard, i, 428
on lampreys, i, 491
Reinhardt, i, 410; ii, 127
portrait of, i, 409
Reinhardtius, ii, 491
Reis, i, 427, 428, 571
relations of fish faunas,
Japan and Mediterranean, i, 270
relationships,
of Chimæras, i, 563
of Palæspondylus, i, 593, 595
relation of vertebræ to temperature, i, 202
Remora, i, 197; ii, 468, 469
Remorina, ii, 469
Remoropsis, ii, 469
Remsberg,
photograph by, i, 362
Renard, i, 396
reproduction of lost parts, i, 150
Requins, i, 540
resemblances of fish faunas, i, 259, 260
respiration, i, 91-108
Retropinna, i, 252; ii, 123
Retzius, i, 428
Rhabdofario, ii, 62, 118
Rhacochilus, ii, 375
figure of, ii, 374
Rhacolepis, ii, 44
Rhadinichthys, ii, 14
Rhamphognathus, ii, 218
Rhamphocottidæ, ii, 449
Rhamphocottus, ii, 449
figure of, ii, 451
Rhamphosidæ, ii, 234
Rhamphosus, ii, 234
Rhegnopteri,
order of, ii, 224
Rheopresbe, i, 256; ii, 445
Rhina, i, 551
Rhinæ,
suborder of, i, 547
Rhineastes, ii, 186
Rhinellidæ, ii, 134
Rhinellus, ii, 134
figure of, ii, 134
Rhineodon, i, 540
Rhineodontidæ, i, 540
Rhinesomus, i, 377
Rhinichthys, i, 283, 307
figure of, i, 342; ii, 164
Rhinidæ, i, 551
Rhinobatidæ, i, 551
family of, i, 550
Rhinobatis, i, 553
figure of, i, 551
Rhinochimæra, i, 199, 566
Rhinochimæridæ, i, 565
Rhinoptera, i, 557
Rhinotriacis, i, 541
Rhipidistia, i, 602
Rhizodontidæ, i, 603
Rhizodopsis, i, 603
Rhodeus, i, 129; ii, 164
Rhombochirus,
figure of, ii, 469
Rhomboganoidea, ii, 24
Rhomboplites, ii, 337
Rhombus, ii, 486
Rhyacichthyidæ, ii, 504
Rhyacichthys, ii, 504
Rhynchias, ii, 522
Rhynchobdella, ii, 532
Rhynchodus, i, 566
Rhynchorhinus, ii, 150
ribbon-fish, ii, 471, 475, 485
Goode on, ii, 475
rice-field eels, ii, 141
Richardson, i, 408, 418; ii, 64
on whitefish, i, 322
Richardson's sculpin,
figure of, ii, 451
Rio Grande trout,
figure of, ii, 106
Risso, i, 395
Rissola,
figure of, ii, 520
Ritter,
on ascidians, i, 474
on Enteropneusta, i, 464
river-bullhead,
spawning of, i, 166
river-drum, ii, 354, 355
river-fishes,
dispersion of, i, 297-319
river-ruff, ii, 309
river-sculpin, ii, 445
river-sheepshead, ii, 354
river-trout, ii, 94
river-wolf, ii, 190
Rivulus, i, 314
roach, ii, 163, 168
robalito, ii, 320
robalo, the, i, 320, 355
figure of, ii, 319, 324
Roccus, i, 291, 324; ii, 321, 330
bones of, i, 35
cranium of, i, 36-39
figures of, i, 35-39, 46, 48
Roche, i, 396
rock-bass, i, 4; ii, 297
figure of, ii, 299
skull of, figured, ii, 296
rock-beauty, ii, 404
figure of, ii, 405
rock-cod, i, 203; ii, 429
rock-cook, ii, 387
rockfish, i, 94, 125, 159; ii, 321, 429, 431
figure of, i, 218
rock-hind, i, 19; ii, 324
figure of, i, 29
rocklings, i, 209; ii, 520, 539
rock-pilots, the, ii, 381
rock-pool fishes,
figure of, i, 294
rock-skipper, ii, 510
figure of, ii, 509
Rocky Mountains,
barriers to dispersion, i, 305
Rohon, i, 427, 428
romero, ii, 272
roncador, ii, 353, 355, 356
ronco amarilla, ii, 340
ronco arará, ii, 340
Rondelet, i, 361, 388
on sea-monster, i, 360
Rondeletiidæ, ii, 132
Ronquilus, ii, 502
ronquils, ii, 502
rosefishes, i, 125; ii, 428
figure of, ii, 427
Rosenthal, i, 428
rothfisch, ii, 106
rough-headed sea-robin, ii, 457
roundfish, ii, 63
round-herring, ii, 52
round-minnow,
figure of, ii, 196
round-robin, ii, 274
rousettes, i, 533
Rudarius,
figure of, i, 241
rudder-fish, ii, 273, 285, 349, 350
figure of, ii, 349
runners, ii, 272
Rüppell, i, 411
Rusconi,
on external gills, i, 77
Russell, i, 396; ii, 473
rusty-dab, ii, 493
Rutilus, ii, 164, 168
Rutter, i, 422; ii, 69, 84
photograph by, i, 355
Ruvettus, ii, 267
Ryder, i, 408, 428
on embryos, i, 64
on nest-building, ii, 229
on paired limbs, i, 66
on tail forms, i, 81, 84
Rypticus,
figure of, ii, 330
saboti, ii, 304
Saccopharynx, ii, 136, 157
Sacramento perch, i, 179
figure of, i, 258
Sagenodus, i, 613
sailfish, ii, 268
sailor-fish, i, 199
St. Ambrose, ii, 120
on Thymallus, ii, 120
St. Hilaire, i, 396, 428
St. John, i, 426
Salangidæ, ii, 127
Salanx, i, 146; ii, 123, 127, 128
figure of, i, 147; ii, 128
sälbling, ii, 108
Salar, ii, 90, 93
Salarias, i, 208, 271; ii, 510, 511
salema, ii, 346
Salmo, i, 291, 304, 305, 316-318, 332, 345, 346, 378, 391; ii, 62, 68,
89, 94-96, 98
figure of, i, 326; ii, 98, 99, 101, 104-106
general description, ii, 89
tail of, figured, ii, 486
salmon, i, 21, 25, 28, 39, 53, 146, 204, 209, 249, 256, 290, 440; ii,
67-69, 94, 107, 128, 159
artificial propagation of, ii, 88
ascent of cascades, ii, 76
Callbreath on, ii, 89
colors of, ii, 78
family of, i, 61-119
habits in ocean, ii, 73
method of descent of stream, ii, 78
mutilation of, ii, 75, 76
nest of, ii, 78
packing of, ii, 87
scales of, i, 21
sexual distortion in, i, 129
spawning changes in, ii, 89
spawning of, ii, 78-80
spring running, ii, 73
white-meated, ii, 78
of Yukon, i, 73
salmonete, i, 329
figure of, ii, 351
salmon fishery,
of Japan, ii, 81
output of, ii, 87
salmon fry,
liberation of, ii, 84
marking of, ii, 84
Salmonidæ, i, 204, 290; ii, 61-119, 127, 130, 161, 190
Salmonoidea, ii, 41, 61
salmonoids, ii, 94, 107
salmon pack,
estimate of, ii, 80
salmon roe, ii, 76
salmon shark, i, 447, 537
salmon trout, ii, 94, 105, 114
Salmopercæ, ii, 241-249
suborder of, ii, 241
Salpa, i, 477; ii, 348
Salpidæ, i, 477
Salvelini, ii, 95, 106
Salvelinus, i, 282, 306, 307, 311; ii, 62, 95, 99, 107, 108-110,
112-114
description of, ii, 107
figure of, i, 326; ii, 110, 111
samarang, i, 408
Samaris, ii, 489
samlet,
figure of, ii, 116
Sancassini, ii, 144
Sandalodus, i, 531
sand-dab, ii, 491
sand-darter, ii, 313
figure of, i, 158; ii, 313
sandfishes, ii, 364
figure of, ii, 364
sand-lance,
figure of, ii, 521
sand-pike, ii, 308
sand-roller,
figure of, ii, 241
Sandroserrus, ii, 309
Sandrus, ii, 309
sandstone,
fragment figured, i, 435
sand-sucker, ii, 357
sand-whiting, ii, 357
San Pedro fish, ii, 244
São Paulo, ii, 162
Saprolegnia, i, 353; ii, 76
surface on, i, 354
sarcastic blenny,
figure of, ii, 507
Sarda, i, 210; ii, 264
Sardinella, i, 204, 327, 332; ii, 50
sardines, i, 199, 268; ii, 50
Sardinia, i, 204
Sardiniodes, ii, 134
Sardinius, ii, 44
Sargassum fish,
figure of, i, 52; ii, 549
sargo, ii, 345
Sars, ii, 535
saucer-eye porgy,
figure of, ii, 345
sauger,
figure of, ii, 309
Sauripterus, i, 603
Saurocephalus, ii, 48
Saurodon, ii, 48
Saurodontidæ, ii, 48
Sauropsida, i, 601
Sauropsis, ii, 34
Saurorhynchidæ, ii, 17
Saurorhynchus, ii, 17
saury,
figure of, ii, 212
sausolele,
figure of, ii, 435
Sauvage, i, 412, 427
savalo, ii, 43
sawfish, i, 199, 548
figure of, i, 550
saw-shark, i, 549
figure of, i, 201, 548
scabbard-fishes, ii, 267
Scænidæ, i, 206
scales of fish,
classification of, i, 20
figure of, i, 21, 22
scamp, ii, 327
Scapanorhinus,
snout figured, i, 536
Scaphirhynchus, i, 253, 452; ii, 18, 20
Scardinius, ii, 168
Scaridæ, ii, 390, 393, 396
Scaridea, ii, 391
Scartichthys,
figure of, i, 294; ii, 510
Scarus, ii, 352, 391, 393, 396
figure of, ii, 394
jaws of, figured, ii, 393
pharyngeals of, i, 47, 48; ii, 393
Scatophagus, ii, 400
Scaumenacia, i, 612
Schedophilus, ii, 285
Schilbiosus,
figure of, i, 179
Schilbeodes, i, 180, 202; ii, 177, 182
figure of, ii, 182
structure of, ii, 177
Schizocardium, i, 465
Schlegel, i, 414
Schmidt, i, 411
Schnäbel, ii, 63
Schnapper, ii, 343
Schneider, i, 398
schoolmaster, ii, 336
schoolmaster-snapper,
figure of, i, 440
Schomburgk, i, 415
Schöpf, i, 395
Sciæna, i, 391; ii, 356-358
Sciænidæ, i, 290; ii, 225, 353-355, 358
Sciænops, ii, 355
figure of, ii, 356
Sclerodermi, ii, 398, 411, 412
scleroderms, ii, 412, 415
Scoliodon, i, 542
Scolopsis, ii, 342
Scomber, i, 94, 210, 391; ii, 260, 262, 266
figure of, i, 332; ii, 260
Scomberoides, ii, 272, 470
Scomberomorus, i, 210, 322; ii, 264, 266
figure of, ii, 264
Scomberosomus,
figure of, i, 322
Scomberidea, ii, 258, 271
Scombramphodon, ii, 266
Scombresox, ii, 211, 214
figure of, i, 212
Scombridæ, i, 210; ii, 258, 272, 470
family of, ii, 259
scombriform fishes, i, 209
Scombrinus, ii, 266
Scombroclupea, ii, 52
Scombroidea,
suborder of, ii, 258
Scombroidei, ii, 291, 484, 485
scombroids, ii, 485
Scombropidæ, ii, 317
Scombrops, ii, 317
scopeloid, ii, 474
Scopelus, ii, 133
Scophthalmus, ii, 486, 488
Scopoli, i, 396
Scorpæna, i, 180, 211, 391; ii, 429, 432, 433, 438
figure of, i, 433, 434
Scorpænichthys, ii, 442
skull of, figured, i, 427
Scorpænidæ, i, 94, 207, 211; ii, 363, 426, 435, 441, 503
family of, i, 426, 448
Scorpænopsis, ii, 434
Scorpænopterus, ii, 436
Scorpididæ, ii, 397, 398, 400
Scorpis, ii, 398, 400
scorpion-fishes, i, 207, 429; ii, 426, 433
Scudder, i, 405
sculpin, i, 21, 219, 257, 290, 429, 440; ii, 363, 441, 445, 447-449
buffalo, ii, 443
daddy, ii, 445
eighteen-spined, ii, 446
great, ii, 442
little, ii, 446
long-horned, ii, 447
Pribilof, ii, 446
red, ii, 443
Richardson's, ii, 451
river, ii, 445
sleek, ii, 451
stone, ii, 443
scup, ii, 344
figure of, ii, 343
scutes, i, 570
Scuticaria, ii, 153
Scymnorhinus, i, 546
Scyliorhinidæ, i, 127, 532, 533
Scyliorhinoid shark,
skull of, figured, i, 56
Scyliorhinus, i, 447, 533
Scyphophori, ii, 188, 207
order of, ii, 188, 189
Scytalina,
figure of, ii, 519
Scytalinidæ, ii, 519
sea-bass, i, 135; ii, 320, 323
figure of, i, 137
sea-bat, ii, 552
sea-catfish, ii, 178
eggs of, hatched in mouth, ii, 179
figure of, ii, 179
sea-devil, i, 559; ii, 547
sea-drum, ii, 357
sea-horse, i, 19, 64, 128; ii, 449
family of, i, 236
figure of, i, 17
Seale, i, 422
sea-mink, ii, 356
sea-moth, ii, 239
figure of, ii, 240
sea-poacher, i, 208; ii, 449, 453
sea-raven,
figure of, i, 220; ii, 448
sea-robin, i, 246; ii, 457
figure of, ii, 456
rough-headed, ii, 457
striped, ii, 457
sea-scorpion, ii, 363
figure of, ii, 434
sea-serpent, i, 361; ii, 471, 473
sea-snail, i, 217; ii, 39, 454
sea-trout, ii, 94
sea-waifs, ii, 133
sea weed, ii, 512
sebago, ii, 92
Sebastapistes, ii, 434
Sebastes, i, 125, 211; ii, 428
figure of, i, 218; ii, 427
Sebastichthys, ii, 428, 429, 433
figure of, ii, 431, 432
Sebastiscus, ii, 432
Sebastodes, i, 125, 211, 219, 375; ii, 428, 429, 431-433, 438
figure of, ii, 429
skeleton of, figured, i, 214
Sebastolobus, i, 52-55, 211
cranium of, i, 53
figure of, ii, 428
lower jaw of, i, 54
maxillary of, i, 55
shoulder-girdle of, i, 52
Sebastopsis, i, 271; ii, 432
Sectator, i, 271; ii, 350
Seeley, i, 410
Segemehl, i, 97
segments of Dibothrium figured, ii, 103
selachians, i, 572, 592
Selachii, i, 382, 507-509; ii, 9
Selachostomi, i, 623; ii, 13
order of, ii, 20
Selenaspis,
clavicle of, i, 87
shoulder-girdle of, i, 86
Selene, ii, 276
development of, figured, i, 148
Lütken on, i, 144
skeleton of, figured, i, 55
Selenichthyes, ii, 241-249
suborder of, ii, 243
Selenosteus, i, 588
Selenosteidæ, i, 587
Semicossyphus, ii, 390
Semionotidæ, ii, 23, 24, 26
Semionotus,
figure of, ii, 24
Semiophoridæ, ii, 245
Semiophorus, ii, 245
figure of, ii, 246
Semon, i, 428
Semotilus, i, 282; ii, 167
figure of, i, 285; ii, 268
señorita, ii, 388
sense organs, i, 115-123
sense of pain, i, 123
sense of taste, i, 121
sense of touch, i, 121
sensorium, i, 153
sensory nerves, i, 153
Sergeant Baker, ii, 130
sergeant-fish,
figure of, ii, 282
Seriola, ii, 272, 278
figure of, i, 459; ii, 273
Seriphus, ii, 354
serran, ii, 329
Serrana, ii, 357
Serranellus, ii, 329
Serranidæ, i, 206, 209, 259, 290; ii, 258, 293, 319, 320, 324, 327,
328, 330, 331, 333, 359, 363
serrano, ii, 327, 328
Serranus, ii, 328, 363
Serrasalmo, ii, 161, 162
Sertulariæ, ii, 544
sese de lo alto, ii, 336
sesele, ii, 304
Setarches, ii, 433
setiform, i, 30
sexual coloration, i, 230
sexual modification,
in colors, i, 129
in structure, i, 129
shad, ii, 50, 53, 147
shad waiter, ii, 63
shagreen grains, i, 570
sharks, i, 21, 23, 24, 28, 53, 75, 445, 446, 519, 523, 542, 543, 545,
546
air-bladder wanting in, i, 506
distribution of, i, 459
eggs of, i, 127, 433
fossil teeth of, i, 546
jaws of, i, 35
pectoral limbs of, i, 60, 66
phosphorescent, i, 189
primitive, i, 510, 511
shoulder-girdle in, i, 507
skull of, i, 56, 57
shark-sucker, i, 197; ii, 468, 469
sharp-nosed flying-fish,
figure of, ii, 213
Shasta, ii, 97
Shaw, i, 398
sheatfish, ii, 182, 183
sheepshead, i, 30, 324; ii, 345, 346
figure of, i, 31; ii, 346
shibi, ii, 263
shiner, i, 283; ii, 163, 168
figure of, ii, 168
shiro-uwo, ii, 127, 467
Shooter,
head-fish taken by, ii, 424
shore-fishes, i, 245
distribution of, i, 263-265
short-nosed garpike,
figure of, i, 452
shoulder girdle, i, 42, 50
of batfish, ii, 551
of buffalo-fish, ii, 160
figure of, i, 51, 52, 58, 59, 60, 69, 70, 86, 88, 89, 600; ii, 225,
227
figure of fossil, i, 521
of flounder figured, i, 58; ii, 2
of Ictiobus ii, 160
inner view of, ii, 160
of Neoceratodus, i, 609
of Opah figured, ii, 243
of Polypterus, i, 70
of Sebastolobus figured, i, 52
in sharks, i, 507
in true eel, ii, 141
shovel-nosed sturgeon i, 253
shrimp, ii, 147
shrimpfishes, ii, 234
figure of, ii, 235
Shufeldt,
photographs by, i, 7, 13, 137; ii, 181, 305, 333
Siebold, i, 411, 414
sierra, ii, 266
Siganidæ, ii, 409, 410
Siganus, ii, 410
sight organs, i, 116-118
significance,
of resemblance, i, 259
of rare forms, i, 262
Sillaginidæ, ii, 358
sillago, ii, 358
silk-snapper, ii, 336
Siluridæ, i, 149, 205, 280, 290, 293; ii, 60, 178, 182, 186
siluroid, i, 290; ii, 529
Silurus, i, 391; ii, 182
silverfin,
figure of, i, 457; ii, 166
silver-jaw minnow, ii, 165
figure of, ii, 165
silver-jenny, ii, 348
silver-king, ii, 43
silver-perch, ii, 342
silver-salmon, ii, 68, 71, 73, 87
silversides, i, 290; ii, 215
figure of, ii, 217
silver surf-fish,
figure of, i, 309; ii, 375
silver-tail, ii, 512
silvery anchovy,
figure of, ii, 54
silvery puffer,
figure of, ii, 419
Simenchelyidæ, ii, 148
Simenchelys, ii, 148
figure of, ii, 149
Sindo, i, 418, 422
singing-fish, i, 121
figure of, i, 23; ii, 526
species of, ii, 526
Siniperca, ii, 320
sinus impar, i, 120
sinus venosus, i, 108
Siphonognathidæ, ii, 390
Siphonognathus, ii, 390
Siphonostoma, ii, 236
Sirembo, ii, 524
Sirenoidei, i, 612
order of, i, 613
sisco, ii, 66, 67
siscowet, ii, 66, 115
Sisoridæ, ii, 184
skates, i, 28, 551, 552
skeleton of cowfish,
figure of, ii, 418
skeleton of fish, i, 10, 34-61
of cowfish, i, 215
of Chimæra, i, 564
parts of, i, 35, 36
primitive, i, 54
of pike figured, i, 203
of red rockfish, i, 214
of Selene figured, i, 55
of shark, i, 57
of spiny-rayed fish, i, 214
skilfishes, ii, 438
figure of, ii, 438
skin-peeler, ii, 415
skipjack, ii, 50
skippers,
Couch on, ii, 211
skipping-goby, i, 117
skittle-dogs, i, 545
skull,
of Anarrhichthys, ii, 517
autostylic, i, 57
figure of, ii, 296
of haddock, ii, 536
hyostylic, i, 56, 508
of rock-bass, ii, 296
of Scorpænichthys figured, ii, 427
of shark figured, i, 56
sleek-sculpin,
figure of, i, 221; ii, 451
sleeper-shark, i, 547
sleepy Argentine, ii, 134
slippery Dick, ii, 388
figure of, i, 297; ii, 180, 396
Sloane, i, 389
small-mouthed bass,
figure of, i, 325; ii, 303
smear-dab, ii, 494
smelt, ii, 66, 91, 120-138
figure of, ii, 123
Smerdis, ii, 310, 330
Smith, i, 416, 419, 608
on Arctic species, i, 317
Smitt, i, 410
snailfish, ii, 455
snake-blennies, ii, 512
snake-eels, ii, 150
figure of, i, 233
snake-headed China-fish, ii, 371
figure of, i, 150; ii, 371
snake-headed mullets, ii, 370
snapper, ii, 333, 335, 338
diamond, ii, 337
gray, ii, 334, 335
lane, ii, 336
mahogany, ii, 337
mangrove, ii, 335
mutton, ii, 335
red, ii, 335
silk, ii, 336
true, ii, 337
yellow-tail, ii, 337
snipe-eels, ii, 151
snipefishes, ii, 234
Snodgrass, i, 422; ii, 423
snooks, ii, 282, 320
snowy grouper,
figure of, ii, 329
Snyder, i, 418, 420
Snyderina,
figure of, ii, 437
soapfishes, ii, 330
figure of, ii, 330
sobaco, ii, 413
sockeye, ii, 69
soft-rayed fishes, i, 204; ii, 39
soi, ii, 429
soldados, ii, 253
Solander, i, 395
soldier-fish, ii, 315
family of, ii, 253
figure of, ii, 254
Solea, i, 327; ii, 487, 496
Soleidæ, i, 290; ii, 495, 499
Soleinæ, ii, 496
Solenostomidæ,
family of, ii, 236
Solenostomus, i, 128; ii, 236
figure of, ii, 237
soles, ii, 495
broad, ii, 495
Day on, ii, 496, 497
European, ii, 496
Gill on, ii, 496
habits of, ii, 496
hog-choker, ii, 498
Parker on, ii, 483
Sonnerat, i, 395
Sörensen,
on elastic spring, i, 97
sounds of fishes, i, 168-170
Bowring on, i, 168
soup-fin sharks,
figure of, i, 541
southern zone, i, 253
spadefish, ii, 400
figure of, i, 325; ii, 401
Spaniodon, ii, 43
Spaniodontidæ, ii, 47
Spanish-flag, ii, 323, 429
Spanish-mackerel, i, 64, 210, 322
figure of, i, 322; ii, 264
Goode on, ii, 264, 265
Mitchill on, ii, 264
Sparidæ, i, 206; ii, 342, 344, 346, 372
family of, ii, 342
Sparisoma, i, 268; ii, 352, 391, 392, 396
figure of, ii, 392
jaws figured, i, 30
Sparnodus, ii, 347
Sparus, i, 259, 263, 391; ii, 346
Spathiurus, ii, 36
Spaulding, ii, 84
marking of fry by, ii, 84
spawning-grounds,
return to, ii, 82
spawning of salmon, i, 160
special creation impossible, i, 295
spearfish, i, 199; ii, 469
specialized fishes, i, 249
species, i, 371
absent through barriers, i, 238
changed through natural
selection, ii, 239
characters of, i, 292
conditions favorable to, i, 301
extinction of, i, 239
meaning of, i, 293, 379
special creation, i, 295
transfer of, i, 312
speckled flounder, ii, 488
speckled hind, ii, 324
figure of, ii, 325
speckled trout,
figure of, i, 326; ii, 110
Spengel,
on Enteropneusta, i, 464
Spengelia, i, 465
Spengeliidæ, i, 465
sperling, ii, 123
Sphærodon, i, 268
Sphagebranchus, ii, 151
Sphagepæa, i, 565
sphenial, i, 606
Sphenocephalus, ii, 252
Spheroides, i, 206; ii, 419-421
figure of, i, 420
Sphyrænidæ, i, 206
family of, ii, 222
Sphyræna, ii, 221
figure of, ii, 223
Sphyrænodus, ii, 266
Sphyrna, i, 543
figure of, i, 544
Sphyrnidæ, i, 543
Spicara, i, 260; ii, 347
Spinacanthidæ, ii, 415
Spinacanthus, ii, 415
Spinachia, ii, 232
spinal cord, i, 112
spineless trunkfish,
figure of, i, 378; ii, 417
spines of catfish, i, 179
spiny eels, ii, 157
spiny-rayed fishes, i, 21, 206-208; ii, 39, 208, 307
skeleton of, figured, i, 214
spiracle, i, 92
Spiraculis, i, 393
spiral valve, i, 32
splenial, i, 43
split-tail, ii, 169
Spondyliosoma, i, 260, 267; ii, 348, 350
spookfishes, i, 564
spot, ii, 356
spotted trout, ii, 105
spotted trunkfish, ii, 416
figure of, i, 377; ii, 417
spotted weakfish,
figure of, ii, 353
sprat, i, 204; ii, 50, 123
spring salmon, ii, 80
Squalidæ, i, 531, 543, 545, 546, 566
Squaloraja, i, 566
Squalorajidæ, i, 566
Squalus, i, 391
figure of, i, 545
Squamipinnes, ii, 209, 411
Squamipinus, ii, 397-410
square-tails, ii, 291
Squatina, i, 548
brain of, figured, i, 547
pectoral fin figured, i, 56
Squatinidæ, i, 549, 554
squawfish,
figure of, i, 162; ii, 169
spawning journey of, i, 164
squeteague, ii, 353
squirrel-fish, ii, 253, 329
Stannius, i, 428
star-gazer, ii, 364, 503
figure of, i, 187, 504
Starks, C. L.
drawings of fishes i, 36-39
Starks, E. C., i, 420
on berycoid skull, ii, 250
on fish skeleton, i, 39
starry-flounder, ii, 493
figure of, ii, 495
star-spined ray,
figure of, i, 448
Stearns, i, 419
steelhead, ii, 94, 96, 99, 100
figure of, ii, 101
steelhead-trout,
figure of, i, 327
Steenstrup, i, 410
Stegocephali, i, 606
Stegostoma, i, 533
Stegothalami, i, 584
Dean on, i, 585
Steindachnerella, ii, 541
Steindachner, i, 411, 414, 427
portrait of, i, 403
Steindachneria,
figure of, ii, 541
Steinegeria, ii, 286
Steinegeriidæ, ii, 286
Stelgis,
figure of, ii, 451
Steller, i, 395; ii, 135
on quinnat salmon, ii, 68
Stellifer, i, 271; ii, 355
Stenodus, ii, 62, 68
figure of, ii, 67
Stenotomus, ii, 344
figure of, ii, 343
Stephanoberycidæ,
family of, ii, 223
Stephanoberyx, ii, 223
Stephanolepis, ii, 414, 415
figure of, i, 182, 415
Stereobalanus, i, 465
Stereolepis, ii, 321
Sternoptychidæ, ii, 137
Sternoptyx, i, 357; ii, 137
Stethojulis, ii, 390
Stichæiniæ, ii, 511
Stichæus, ii, 513
figure of, ii, 513
stickleback, i, 51, 128, 250, 290; ii, 157, 215, 228, 229, 232
fighting of, i, 165
figure of, ii, 232
shoulder-girdle of, ii, 227
spines of, i, 179
Stieda, i, 428
Stiles,
on parasitic diseases, i, 343, 344
stingaree, i, 556
sting-bull, ii, 501
stingfish, ii, 501
sting-rays, i, 84, 267, 549
figure of, i, 246, 555
spines of, i, 182
Stizostedion, ii, 308
figure of, ii, 309
Stolephorus, ii, 52
Stomias,
figure of, ii, 128
Stomiatidæ, i, 189, 204; ii, 128
Stone, ii, 80
on rate of travel of salmon, ii, 80
stone-bass, ii, 323
stone-cats, ii, 182
stone-roller, i, 157; ii, 166
figure of, i, 33; ii, 167
stone-sculpin, ii, 443
stonewall perch, ii, 359, 360
stony-flounder, ii, 482
Storer, i, 418
Storms, i, 427
on fossil remora, ii, 469
Stratodontidæ, ii, 137
Stratodus, ii, 137
Strinsia, ii, 539
striped-bass, i, 48, 53; ii, 37, 321
bones of, i, 39, 45
figure of, i, 35
tail of, i, 49
vertebral column of, i, 48
striped-mullet,
figure of, i, 330
striped sea-robin, ii, 457
Ström, i, 396
Stromateidæ, i, 160; ii, 215, 259, 284, 291, 398, 485
family of, ii, 283
Stromateus, i, 391; ii, 283, 291
sturgeon, i, 128, 204, 250, 257, 290; ii, 18-21, 159, 160, 182, 186
child swallowed by, ii, 182
of Danube, ii, 182
figure of, ii, 19, 20
larva of, figured, i, 141
Styela,
figure of, i, 475, 476
Stygicola, i, 314; ii, 524
Stylephoridæ, ii, 480
Stylephorus, ii, 480
subgenus, i, 373
suborbital stay, i, 44
subspecies, i, 294
sucker, i, 156, 198, 290, 304; ii, 56, 171, 172, 174
California, ii, 174
carp, ii, 173
common, ii, 174
figure showing parasites, i, 348
Oregon, ii, 175
razor-backed, figured, ii, 175
sucking-disks,
of clingfish, i, 198
sucking-fish,
figure of, i, 197; ii, 468
Suckley, i, 419
Sudis, ii, 9, 136
Suez Canal, i, 268
sukkegh, ii, 69
Suletind watershed, i, 307
Sulphur, the, i, 408
summer herring,
figure of, i, 455
Sunapee trout,
figure of, ii, 109
sunfish, i, 3-15, 28, 209, 290; ii, 37, 297, 424
banded, ii, 299
blue-green, i, 26
common figured, i, 7; ii, 301
description of, i, 4
dwarf, ii, 467
figure of, i, 2, 4, 27
food of, i, 11
long-eared, i, 3; ii, 300
nine-spined, ii, 301
photograph of, i, 13
pigmy, ii, 297
supraclavicle, i, 89
Surface,
on destruction of fish, i, 357
on lampreys, i, 491-505
on Saprolegnia, i, 354-356
surf-fish, i, 125, 207, 290; ii, 372, 373
blue, ii, 375
silver, ii, 375
thick-lipped, ii, 374
wall-eye, ii, 375
white, ii, 374
surf-shiner, ii, 376
surf-smelt, ii, 123, 124, 127
surf-whiting, ii, 357
surgeon-fish, ii, 407
lancet of, i, 181
surmullets, i, 122, 198, 322; ii, 351-379
suspensorium of mandible, i, 43
susuki, i, 324; ii, 320
Swain, i, 422
Swainson, i, 410
swallowers, ii, 360
Swammerdam, i, 390
swampy watersheds, i, 314
Swan, ii, 123
on Mesopus, ii, 123
sweetfish, ii, 115
sweet-perch, ii, 363
swell-sharks, i, 197, 533
swell-toad, ii, 420, 423
swim-bladder, ii, 95
swordfish, i, 169, 199, 210; ii, 269
adult, figured, ii, 270
Goode on, ii, 270
Owen on, ii, 270, 271
vessels struck by, ii, 270
young, figured, ii, 269
swordtail-minnow,
figure of, i, 124; ii, 199
Syacium,
figure of, ii, 488
Syllæmus, ii, 224
Symbranchia, ii, 140
order of, ii, 140
Symbranchidæ, ii, 141
Symbranchus, ii, 141
Symphodus, i, 268; ii, 387
Symphurus,
figure of, ii, 498
symplectic bone, ii, 156
Synagrops, ii, 317
Synanceia, i, 180; ii, 434
figure of, i, 229
Synaphobranchidæ, ii, 149
Synaphobranchus, ii, 149
figure of, ii, 149
Synaptura, ii, 497
Synchiropus, ii, 506
Synechodus,
eggs of, i, 527
Synentognathi, ii, 190, 208-214
suborder of, ii, 209
Syngnathidæ,
family of, i, 236
Syngnathus, i, 170, 391; ii, 236
Synodontidæ, ii, 130, 133
Synodontis, ii, 182
Synodus, ii, 190
figure of, ii, 130
synonymy and priority,
Coues on, i, 374
Syntegmodus, ii, 44
Syrski, ii, 144, 145
on eels, ii, 145
Systema Naturæ, i, 373
Tachysurus, ii, 178, 179, 86
Tænioides, ii, 467
Tæniosomi, ii, 292, 459-480
suborder of, ii, 471, 472
Tæniotoca, ii, 375
Tæniura, i, 557
tahanohadai, ii, 363
Tahoe trout,
figure of, i, 327; ii, 104
tai-fishing,
illustration of, i, 338
tail forms, i, 49, 50, 80-85
taiva, ii, 342
Talisman, i, 408; ii, 60
Talismania, ii, 60
Tamiobatidæ, i, 532
Tamiobatis, i, 551
tangs, ii, 407
Tantogolabrus, ii, 387
Tarpon, i, 157, 205; ii, 35, 51
figure of, ii, 43
Tarrassiidæ, i, 602
Tarrassius, i, 602
tarwhine, ii, 344
tautog, ii, 387
figure of, ii, 385, 386
Tautoga, i, 207; ii, 385
taxonomy, i, 367, 368
Tectospondyli, i, 448, 510, 513, 519, 545, 549
order of, i, 543
Woodward on, i, 543
tectospondylous, i, 49
teeth, i, 29, 30, 201
of Ceratodus figured, i, 614
of Chimæra, i, 562
of Corax, i, 543
figured, i, 522, 524
of Janassa, i, 554
of sharks, i, 515, 527, 529, 537
Teleocephali, i, 405; ii, 39, 40, 209
Teleosteans, i, 384
Teleostei, i, 66, 204, 622, 624; ii, 2, 5, 37
sympathetic system of, i, 114
Teleostomes, i, 599
Teleostomi, i, 462, 572, 583, 598, 599, 603
Regan on, i, 622
teleosts, i, 35, 135, 139, 141, 204, 569; ii, 1, 3, 4, 159
Telepholis, ii, 133
Telescopias, ii, 317
figure of, ii, 318
teleotemporal, i, 90
Temnothoraci, i, 584, 586
temperature,
affecting distribution, i, 242
tenacity of life in fishes, i, 146, 147, 149
tench, ii, 168
tengudai, ii, 333
tengusame, i, 534
ten-pounder, ii, 35, 43
figure of, i, 454; ii, 42
Terapon, ii, 342
Teraponidæ, ii, 342
Tertiary fishes, i, 440
Tertiary ganoids, ii, 140
tessellated darter,
figure of, ii, 312
tessellated teeth, i, 30, 549
Tetragonolepis, i, 24
figure of, ii, 26
Tetragonopterus, i, 314; ii, 161, 162, 381
Tetragonuridæ, ii, 215
family of, ii, 291
Tetragonurus, ii, 291
Tetraodon, i, 169, 197, 206, 236, 393, 611; ii, 420
figure of, i, 183, 244; ii, 421, 422
Tetraodontidæ, i, 182; ii, 421
family of, ii, 419
Tetrapturus, i, 257; ii, 269
Tetrarhynchus, ii, 134
Tetronarce, i, 554
Teuthidæ, ii, 291
Teuthididæ, ii, 407, 409
Teuthis, i, 268, 271, 293; ii, 407
figure of, i, 181; ii, 407, 408
Thacher,
on paired limbs, i, 70
thalamencephalon, ii, 6, 8
Thalassoma, i, 207, 267, 271; ii, 389
Thalassophryne, i, 180; ii, 526, 527
poison organ of, ii, 528, 529
structure of, ii, 527, 528
Thalassothia, ii, 526
Thaleichthys, ii, 124
figure of, i, 320; ii, 19, 124
sketch of, ii, 125
Thaliacea, i, 477
Thaumaturus, ii, 119
Thelodontidæ, i, 574, 579
Thelodus, i, 570, 573
Theragra, i, 209
figure of, ii, 537
Therobromus, ii, 127
Thetis, the, i, 410
thick-lipped surf-fish,
figure of, i, 374
Tholichthys, i, 144; ii, 402
Thollière, i, 427
Thompson, i, 410, 418
Thoracici, i, 393; ii, 39
Thoracies, ii, 209
Thoreau, ii, 190, 308
thread-eel, ii, 151, 152
figure of, i, 17, 365; ii, 152
threadfins, i, 122; ii, 215, 224
figure of, ii, 225
shoulder-girdle of, i, 89; ii, 225
threadfish, ii, 276
threadhead worms, i, 351
thread-herring, ii, 51, 53
three-forked hake, ii, 539
three-spined stickleback,
figure of, ii, 232
thresher-shark, i, 536
Thrissopater, ii, 43
Thrissops, ii, 41
Thryptodontidæ, ii, 44
Thryptodus, ii, 44
Thunberg, i, 416
thunder-pumper, ii, 354, 355
Thunnus, i, 210, 272; ii, 262
Thursius, i, 604
Thwaite shad, ii, 50
Thyestes, i, 576
Thymallidæ, ii, 120
Thymallus, i, 305; ii, 120, 121, 122
figure of, i, 328; ii, 120, 122
Thyrsites, ii, 267
Thyrsitocephalus, ii, 267
tide pools of Misaki,
view of, i, 161
tiger-puffer, ii, 423
tiger-sharks, i, 533
Tilapia, ii, 380
tilefish, ii, 361
catastrophe to, ii, 362
Collins on, ii, 362
Gill on, ii, 361, 362
Tilesius, i, 396, 416
Tinca, i, 345; ii, 168, 175
tiñosa, ii, 276
Tiphle, ii, 236
Titanichthyidæ, i, 587
Titanichthys, i, 583, 587, 589
Titicaca Lake,
peculiar fish from, ii, 201
toadfish, ii, 525, 526
Brazilian, ii, 526
poison, ii, 526
poison-organs of, i, 180
shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
tomcod, ii, 537
figure of, ii, 538
tomtates, ii, 341
tongue-fish, ii, 488, 497
tooth,
of Hybodus, figured, i, 528
of Lamnidæ, i, 538
topknot, ii, 488
top-minnow, i, 118; ii, 198, 199, 467
figure of, ii, 198
toque, ii, 114
torabuku, ii, 423
tori, ii, 6
Tornaria,
figure of, i, 463
torpedo, i, 268; ii, 183, 188
figure of, i, 186; ii, 183
fin rudiments in, i, 71
torsk, ii, 539
toto, ii, 398
totuava, ii, 354
Townsend, ii, 502
Tower,
on gas in swim-bladder, i, 95, 96
on weakfish, i, 94
Toxotes, i, 240, 268; ii, 400
Toxotidæ, ii, 400
Trachicephalus,
figure of, i, 456; ii, 438
Trachichthyidæ, ii, 253
Trachichthys, i, 263; ii, 252
Trachidermus, ii, 445
Trachinidæ, ii, 500, 501, 506, 525
Trachinotus, i, 322; ii, 276
Trachinus, i, 169, 180, 391; ii, 500, 501
Boulenger on, ii, 501
Trachosteus, i, 583, 588, 589, 590
Trachurops, ii, 275
Trachurus, i, 210, 274
figure of, ii, 274
Trachypteridæ,
family of, ii, 477
Goode and Bean on, ii, 479
Trachypterus, i, 144; ii, 425, 477
figure of, ii, 478
Günther on, ii, 480
Trachyrhynchus, ii, 541
trahira, ii, 162
transportation of fishes, i, 150
Trautschold, i, 427
Traquair, i, 426, 428
on Gnasthome, i, 573
on high and low forms, i, 381, 382
on Ostracophores, i, 569-571
on Palæospondylus, i, 591
portrait of, i, 425
on sharks, i, 512
Traquairia, i, 517
Travailleur, the, i, 408; ii, 60
tree-climber of India,
Daldorf on, i, 163
treefish, ii, 431
Tremataspidæ, i, 576
trematodes, i, 344
Triakis, i, 541
Triacanthidæ, ii, 412
Triacanthodes, ii, 412
Triacanthus, ii, 412
Trichina, i, 352
Trichiurichthys, ii, 268
Trichiuridæ, i, 210; ii, 472
family of, ii, 267
Trichiurides, ii, 32
Trichiurus, ii, 268, 479
figure of, ii, 268
Trichodon,
figure of, ii, 364
Trichodontidæ, ii, 364, 506
trinomial nomenclature, i, 378
trigger-fishes, i, 440; ii, 412, 413
figure of, i, 184, 412
Trigla, i, 169, 391; ii, 456, 457
air-bladder of, i, 97
Triglidæ, i, 122, 208; ii, 455
family of, ii, 455
Triglops, ii, 442
figure of, ii, 443
Triglopsis, i, 317; ii, 447
Trigonodon, ii, 347
Triodon, ii, 419
Triodontidæ, ii, 418
Tripterygian, ii, 508
Tristichopterus, i, 603
Trochocopus, ii, 388
Troglichthys, i, 220, 222; ii, 202, 203
tropical fishes,
species of, i, 271
variety among, i, 333
Tropidichthyidæ, ii, 421
Tropidichthys, i, 115; ii, 422
Troschel, i, 415
trout, i, 156, 250, 290, 304, 326, 327; ii, 38, 41, 61, 89, 90, 107,
121, 128, 147, 168
tail figure of, ii, 486
of Utah basin, ii, 104
of Yellowstone, i, 345
trout-perch, i, 241, 290; ii, 61
figure of, ii, 242
trout-spotted darter, ii, 314
trout-worm, ii, 103
figure of head, ii, 103
segments of, figured, ii, 103
trucha, ii, 320
true eels, ii, 141
shoulder-girdle in, ii, 141
true perches, ii, 304
true sharks, i, 523-560
true snapper, ii, 337
trumpeter, ii, 363
trumpet-fish, i, 51, 440
family of, i, 233
figure of, i, 234
truncate, i, 19
truncus arteriosus, ii, 6
trunkfishes, i, 16, 19, 206, 373, 375, 378, 429; ii, 415-417
figure of, i, 373, 376, 377
horned, ii, 416
hornless, ii, 419
spineless, ii, 417
spotted, ii, 416
Trypauchen, ii, 467
tschawytscha, ii, 73
Tschudi, i, 415
tsuzume, ii, 402
tullibee, ii, 67
tunicates, i, 460, 462, 467-481
adult, figured, i, 480
anatomy, figured, i, 472
Kingsley on, i, 467, 468, 469
larva, figured, i, 471
Ritter on, i, 474
tunny, i, 19, 210
great, ii, 262
turbots, i, 206, 328; ii, 488, 489
tribe, the, ii, 487
Turner,
on Dallia, ii, 207
Turton, i, 410
Tutuila Island,
lizard skipper from, i, 230
Twin Lakes,
trout of, i, 241
Two-Ocean Pass, i, 307, 308, 309, 310
Evermann on, i, 307
tyee, ii, 69
Tylosurus, i, 128
figure of, ii, 210
shoulder-girdle of, i, 59
Typhlichthys, i, 220, 314; ii, 201, 202
figure of, i, 116; ii, 202
Typhlogobius, i, 198; ii, 467
Typodus, ii, 222
uku, i, 325; ii, 338
Ulæma, i, 271
ulchen, ii, 124
figure of, i, 320; ii, 124
Umbra, i, 253; ii, 35
figure of, ii, 193
Umbridæ, i, 290; ii, 193, 194
Umbrina, ii, 356, 357
figure of, ii, 357
umiuma, i, 429
uncertain conclusions, i, 79
Undina, i, 204, 605
unicorn-fish, ii, 409, 415
U. S. Fish Commission, ii, 69
Upeneus, ii, 353
Upham,
on glacial effects, i, 275
upland fishes, i, 311
Uranidea, ii, 443, 445
figure of, ii, 445
Uranoplosus, ii, 22
Uranoscopus, i, 259, 260, 393; ii, 361, 364, 503, 504
Uranoscopidæ, ii, 503, 504, 506, 525
Urenchelyidæ, ii, 142
Urenchelys, ii, 142
ureters, ii, 6
Urochordata, i, 460
Urodela, i, 76
Urolophus, i, 555-557
Uronemidæ, i, 612
Uronemus, i, 612
Urophycis, i, 187; ii, 538
Uropterygius, ii, 153
urosome, i, 84, 85
Urosphen, ii, 234
Urosphenidæ, ii, 234
urostyle, i, 84
Usinosita, ii, 498
uu, i, 162
vaca, i, 235; ii, 327
Vahl, i, 396
Vaillant, i, 412
portrait of, i, 413
Valenciennellus, ii, 134
Valenciennes, i, 401, 404
Valenciennesia, ii, 460
Valentyn, i, 396
Valisneri, ii, 144
Valisneria, ii, 144
Van Dyke, ii, 93
on Ouananiche, ii, 93
vaqueta de dos colores, ii, 404
variability of instinct,
Whitman on, i, 156
variation in colors, i, 235
variation in fin-rays, i, 211
Variola, ii, 327
vasa efferentia, ii, 6
vas deferens, i, 28
Velifer, ii, 286
Vellitor, i, 260; ii, 448
vendace, ii, 67
venomous spines,
of catfish, i, 179
of scorpion-fish, i, 180
ventral fins, i, 10
Venustodus, i, 531
Verasper, ii, 492
ver blanc, i, 351
Verilus, ii, 338
vertebræ, i, 203, 205
vertebræ in fishes, i, 212
Boulenger on, i, 213
figure of, i, 510
vertebral column, i, 46-48
figure of, i, 48
vertebral column,
of lancelet, i, 55
of Roccus, i, 48
verrugato, ii, 356
vessels engaged in fish-collecting, i, 408, 410
villiform teeth, i, 29
Vinciguerra, ii, 408
portrait of, i, 413
Vinciguerria, ii, 134
Vinson,
on Gourami, ii, 369
Violante, the, i, 408; ii, 60
viper-fish, ii, 129
Vireosa, ii, 460
figure of, ii, 461
viscera of fish, i, 26, 28
viviparous fishes,
figure of, i, 125, 126, 222; ii, 200
viviparous perch,
figure of, ii, 379
voices of fishes, i, 121
Vogmar, ii, 477
Vogt, i, 428
Volador, ii, 458
Vomer, ii, 276
vomer, i, 6
Vomeropsis, ii, 278
wachna cod, ii, 537
Wagner, i, 427
Waha Lake, ii, 104
Waite, i, 408, 416
portrait of, i, 409
Walbaum, i, 397; ii, 68
Walcott, i, 428, 603
on fossil chimæroids, i, 565
on oldest forms, i, 435
walking-fish, i, 167
wall-eye, ii, 307
wall-eyed surf-fish, ii, 375
Walton, i, 336, 337
Ward,
on parasitic diseases, i, 343, 344
Wardichthys, ii, 15
water-beetle, ii, 144
water-pig, ii, 369
watersheds, i, 305
the Cassiquiare, i, 307
how fishes cross, i, 306
the Suletind, i, 306
swampy, i, 314
Two-Ocean Pass, i, 307
weakfish, ii, 353
Weber, i, 428
on swim-bladder, i, 96
Weberian apparatus, i, 93, 96, 97; ii, 160
figure of, i, 93; ii, 160
weevers, ii, 500
Gill on, i, 500
weissfelchen, ii, 65
weissfisch, ii, 65
wels, ii, 182
welshmen, ii, 253
West Indian fish, i, 235
whale-shark, i, 540
whiff, ii, 488, 489
whips, i, 206
whiptail rays, i, 549
Whiteaves, i, 427
whitebait, ii, 123, 127, 216
white bass, ii, 321
white bullhead, ii, 180
white catfish,
figure of, i, 344
white channel-cat, ii, 180
white chub,
figure of, ii, 165
whitefish, i, 62-64, 305, 322; ii, 115, 362, 467
figure of, i, 321
white-mouthed drummers, ii, 356
white perch, ii, 321
figure of, ii, 322
white sea-bass, ii, 354
white sharks, i, 534
white shiner,
figure showing parasites, i, 343
white surf-fish,
figure of, ii, 374
with young figured, i, 125; ii, 372
whiting, ii, 537
Whitman, i, 428
on instincts, i, 156
Whitmee,
on aquarium fishes, i, 165
Whitney, ii, 116
wide-eyed flounder,
figure of, ii, 488
wide-gape, ii, 545
wide-mouthed flounder,
figure of, ii, 493
Wiedersheim, i, 513
Williams,
on eye of flounder, i, 174-178
Williamson, i, 423
Williston, i, 427
willow-cat, ii, 180
Willughby, i, 390
Winckler, i, 427
window-pane fish, ii, 488
figure of, ii, 487
wine-colored eel, ii, 153
wolf-eel, ii, 517
wolf-fish, ii, 517
figure of, ii, 517
Wolffian duct, i, 28
Woodward, i, 426, 428, 519, 543, 554, 582, 584, 591, 594, 602; ii, 4,
13, 24, 26, 34, 36, 43, 48, 140, 425, 514, 522
on Acanthodei, i, 514, 516
on Chondrostei, ii, 17
on Dorypterus, ii, 16
on eels, ii, 140
on fossil fishes, i, 439
on fossil garpike, ii, 32
on Isospondyli, ii, 38
portrait of, i, 425
on Pycnodonti, ii, 23
Woolman, i, 422
worm-like eels, ii, 150
worm of the Yellowstone, i, 345
Worthen, i, 426
wrasse, i, 203; ii, 385, 387
wreckfish, ii, 323
Wright, i, 427, 428
on fishes of Panama, i, 275
wrymouths,
figure of, ii, 516
Wyman,
on month gestation, i, 170
on protocercal tail, i, 81
Xanthichthys, ii, 413
Xererpes, ii, 512
figure of, ii, 511
Xenichthys, i, 271; ii, 338
Xenistius, i, 271; ii, 338
figure of, ii, 338
Xenocephalidæ, ii, 520
Xenocephalus, ii, 520
Xenocys, i, 271; ii, 338
Xenomi, i, 405; ii, 157
order of, ii, 206
Xenopterygii, ii, 499
suborder of, ii, 529
Xesurus, ii, 409
Xiphasia,
figure of, ii, 515
Xiphasiidæ, ii, 513
Xiphias, i, 210, 329, 391; ii, 269
figure of, ii, 270
Xiphidiinæ, ii, 511
Xiphidion, ii, 512
Xiphiidæ,
family of, ii, 269
Xiphiorhynchus, ii, 269
Xiphorphorus,
figure of, i, 124; ii, 199
Xiphistes,
figure of, ii, 512
Xyrauchen, ii, 172, 174
figure of, ii, 175
Xyrias,
figure of, ii, 151
Xyrichthys, i, 207; ii, 388-390
figure of, ii, 388
Xystæma, ii, 348
figure of, ii, 347
Xystreurys, ii, 492
Xystrodus, i, 531
yamabe, i, 327; ii, 95
yamanokami, ii, 445
Yarrell, i, 410
on fishing-frog, i, 169
on sounds, i, 168
yellowback rockfish,
figure of, i, 218
yellow bass, ii, 321
yellow catfish, ii, 182
yellow-fin grouper, ii, 325
figure of, ii, 327
yellow-fin trout, ii, 105
figure of, ii, 105
yellow-fish, ii, 324
yellow goatfish, ii, 352
yellow grunt, ii, 340
yellow mackerel, ii, 276
yellow perch, ii, 307
Yellowstone Lake,
trout of, i, 310, 345-347
Yellowstone Miller's Thumb,
figure of, ii, 444
yellow-tail, ii, 273
yellow-tail roncador, ii, 356
figure of, ii, 357
yellow-tail snapper,
figure of, ii, 337
yezomasu, ii, 71, 72
Young, i, 426
on angling, i, 337-339
Zacalles,
figure of, ii, 511
Zacco, ii, 164
zakko, ii, 117, 120
Zalarges, ii, 134
Zalembrius, ii, 374, 376
Zalieutes, ii, 552
Zalises,
figure of, ii, 240
Zanclidæ, ii, 406
family of, ii, 406
Zanclus, i, 240, 268; ii, 406
figure of, ii, 406
Zaniolepis, ii, 440
Zander, ii, 309
Zaprora, ii, 286
Zaproridæ, ii, 286
Zebrasoma, ii, 408, 409
Zebrias, ii, 497
Zeidæ, ii, 398
family of, ii, 247
Zenarchopterus, ii, 212
Zenion, ii, 249
Zenopsis, ii, 249
Zeoidea, i, 241-249
suborder of, ii, 245
Zeoidei, ii, 484
zeoid fishes, ii, 245
Zeorhombi, ii, 245
Zesticelus, ii, 447
Zeugopterus, ii, 488
Zeus, i, 259, 263, 267, 391; ii, 243, 249, 398
figure of, ii, 248
Zigno, i, 427
Zingel, ii, 307
figure of, ii, 310
Zittel, i, 427; ii, 13, 514
on Lepidostei, ii, 23
on Ostracophores, i, 569
portrait of, i, 425
Zoarces, ii, 144, 518
figure of, ii, 518
Zoarcidæ, ii, 518, 522
zoogeography, i, 237
zooids, i, 479
zootomists, i, 90
Zostera, i, 476
Zuieuw, i, 396
Zygonectes, ii, 199
figure of, ii, 198
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_Bradley M. Davis_, in the BOTANICAL GAZETTE:—"Wonderfully free from the
dry diagnoses of most systematic descriptions, and everywhere combined
with interesting accounts of life-habits and activities.... A marvel in
its compactness, with a wonderfully uniform tone throughout, condensed
and yet very clear."
Flora of the Northern States and Canada
BY PROFESSOR N. L. BRITTON
_Director of the New York Botanical Garden_
x + 1080 pages, large 12mo $2.25
This manual is published in response to a demand for a handbook suitable
for ordinary school use, which shall meet modern requirements and
outline modern conceptions of the science. It is based on _An
Illustrated Flora_ prepared by Professor Britton in co-operation with
Judge Addison Brown, in three volumes. The text has been revised and
brought up to date, and much of novelty has been added, but all
illustrations are omitted.
CONWAY MACMILLAN, _Professor in the University of Minnesota_, in
SCIENCE:—"There is no work extant in the whole series of American
botanical publications which deals with descriptions of the
flowering plants that can for a moment be compared with it, either
for a skillful and delightful presentation of the subject-matter or
for modern, scientific, and accurate mastery of the thousandfold
mass of detail of which such a work must consist."
V. M. SPALDING, _Professor in the University of Michigan_:—"I regard
the book as one that we cannot do without and one that will
henceforth take its place as a necessary means of determination of
the plant species within its range."
Henry Holt and Company
29 West 23d Street, New York
[Illustration]
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
1. Corrected the ERRATA listed on p. xxiii with the exception of the
table of changes in generic names.
2. Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical
errors.
3. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.
4. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.
5. Enclosed bold font in =equals=.