|a strong hand, | | _Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa, Vol. 4 (of 5)

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Múláy Hámed el Mansúr, | 1603 | 1012 | |

| | | | |

|_Zédán_, his youngest son| 1607 | 1016 | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Múláy Zédán died. | 1630 | 1040 | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Múláy Wálid succeeds him.| 1635 | 1045-6 | |

| | | | |

| | 1637 | 1048 |The French make a |

| | | | |

|The history of Songhay, | 1640 | 1050 |The Tademékket are driven|

| | | | |

|Múláy Áhmed Sheikh | 1647 | 1057 | |

| | | | |

|Króm el Háji usurps the | 1654-5 | 1065 | |

| | | | |

|Múláy Mohammed, son of | 1664 | 1075-8 | |

| | | | |

|Sídi ʿAlí, governor of | 1667 | 1078-9 |About this period the |

|Rashíd, who died | 1672 | 1083 | |

| | | | |

|Múláy Ismáʿaíl succeeds | 1672 | 1083 |Hennún, the son of |

| | | | |

|Múláy Áhmed, the nephew | 1680 | 1091 | |

| | | | |

|Múláy Áhmed el Dhéhebi | Mar. 22,| 1140-1 | |

|succeeds to the aged | 1727 | | |

| | | | |

|Múláy ʿAbd-Alla succeeds | 1729 | 1142-3 | |

| | | | |

| | 1740 | 1153 |About this time the Kél- |

| | | | |

|Sídi Mohammed built Swéra| 1757 | 1171-2 |Babári, powerful king in |

| | | | |

| | 1770 | 1184 |ʿAbd el Káder produces a |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|The chief Káwa, who rules| 1780 | 1195 |Venture collects his |

| | | | |

|Timbúktu, according to | 1787 | 1202-3 |About this period falls |

| | | | |

|Timbúktu, under the | 1803-4 | 1218 |El Mukhtár opens |

| | | | |

| | 1804 | 1219 |The Fúlbe make Gandó, in |

| | | | |

|Mungo Park navigates the | 1805-6 | 1220-1 |The Rumá, still powerful |

| | | | |

| | 1811 | 1226 |Sídi Mukhtár dies. |

| | | | |

|Mohammed or Áhmed Lebbo | 1816 | 1232-3 |Great and sanguinary |

| | | | |

| | 1817 | 1233 |Sheikh ʿOthmán dan Fódie |

| | | | |

|Lebbo commences | 1820 | 1236-7 |Constant war between |

| | | | |

|The Fúlbe of Másina | 1826 | 1242-3 | |

| | | | |

|24th. | | | |

| | | | |

|The Sheikh El Mukhtár, | 1827 | 1243 |ʿAbd-Alláhi, the ruler of|

| | | | |

|Caillié stays in Timbúktu| 1828 | 1244 | |

| | | | |

|The Fúlbe enter Timbúktu | 1831 | 1247 | |

| | | | |

| | 1836 | 1250 |Khalílu succeeds to the |

| | | | |

|The Tawárek conquer the | 1844 | 1260 | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

|Lebbo dies. His son | 1846 | 1262 | |

| | | | |

|Sheikh El Mukhtár dies in| 1848 | 1264 | |

| | | | |

| | 1851 | 1268-9 |The Kél-gerés kill e’ |

| | | | |

|The young Áhmedu succeeds| 1852-3 | 1269 | |

| | | | |

|The Fúlbe make a great | 1855 | 1272-3 |The Igwádaren opposed to |

+-------------------------+---------+---------+-------------------------+

[Footnote 169: Áhmed Bábá, J. L. O. S., vol. ix. p. 526.]

[Footnote 170: Mémoires de la Soc. de Géogr. vol. iii. p. 1.]

[Footnote 171: Descr. dell’ Africa, lib. vii. c. 1.]

[Footnote 172: For this highly important statement, see Ébn Khaldún,

trans. by De Slane, vol. iii. p. 201.]

[Footnote 173: Journal Asiatique, i. 1842, p. 50.]

[Footnote 174: Leo, l. vii. c. 1. even speaks of Negroland as if it had

been quite unknown before this time, “furono scoperti.”]

[Footnote 175: Ahmed Bábá, J. L. O. S. vol. ix. p. 528. seq. He

describes the site of this important town in the most perspicuous and

clear manner as being part of the year, from August to February, an

island. The town was first founded in a place called Zagaru, on the

south side of the southerly branch of the river, and therefore not

identical with the Zaghárí of Ébn Batúta. El Bekrí appears to have had

no knowledge of Jinni.]

[Footnote 176: El Bekrí, ed. Macguckin de Slane, p. 183. The name

بزركانيين which the Arabs gave to the inhabitants seems to have some

connection with the surname of one of the successors of Sunni, Bázekin

or Bázerkín.]

[Footnote 177: El Bekrí, 179. It is a great pity that just in this place

the author, whose statements in general are distinguished by their

clearness, should commit a palpable mistake, by placing Ambára (Hómbori)

west of Ghánata.]

[Footnote 178: Aloise Ca da Mosto, Navigazione, c. 14.]

[Footnote 179: Edrísi makes great confusion, produced by the similarity

of the names, Gógó or Kókó, Kúka (on the Fittri) and Kerker; but what he

relates (i. p. 23.) seems really to refer to Gógó.]

[Footnote 180: Edrísi, i. p. 61.; Compare Cooley, p. 66.]

[Footnote 181: Leo, l. vii. c. 6. As it is certain that no king of the

name Slímán ruled at that period over Melle, Mr. Cooley, in order to

explain Leo’s statement, supposed him to be a king of the

Súsu.—_Negroland of the Arabs_, p. 67. seq.]

[Footnote 182: Ébn Khaldún, trans. by De Slane, vol. ii. p. 83. The same

author, vol. ii. p. 160. seq., is the authority for the history of

Melle. Comp. Cooley, “Negroland,” p. 61. seq.]

[Footnote 183: De Barros, Asia, ed. Lisboa, 1778, l. i. c. 8. p. 220.]

[Footnote 184: Áhmed Bábá, in Journ. Leipsic Oriental Society, p. 530.]

[Footnote 185: The translation of Mr. Ralfs in the Journal of the

Leipsic Oriental Society is here not correct. He translates “er bezwang

Tumbúktu,” while the words of the author are طوع تُيبُكتُ. We do not

know what part in these affairs the general, Sagminhu, bore, who,

according to Ebn Khaldún’s account, was stated by some of his informants

to have achieved this conquest. There may have been partial resistance

in Songhay.]

[Footnote 186: سنغرزو مع - فَرَنا سُرا. The final “mʿa,” in Mandingo,

corresponds exactly with the final “ma” in the Kanúri titles.]

[Footnote 187: It is a very remarkable fact, that the titles mentioned

by Áhmed Bábá are all formed by attaching to the name of a town the

syllable “koy,” which would seem to be of Songhay origin.]

[Footnote 188: Áhmed Bábá says (p. 524.), “ʿAlí Killun put an end to the

supremacy of Melle over Songhay. After his death his brother ruled,

Silman Nár. Their dominion was limited to Songhay and the neighbouring

districts.”]

[Footnote 189: The date seems to be certain, for if Áhmed Bábá had only

known that the second dominion of the kings of Melle over Timbúktu,

which they lost in the year 837, had lasted 100 years, we might doubt

about the fact that the epoch began exactly with the year 737, but the

author gives the precise date of that very year. I therefore prefer his

arrangement to the arguments of Mr. Ralfs, p. 582.]

[Footnote 190: Makrízi, Notes et Extraits, vol. xii. p. 638. _note_.]

[Footnote 191: Cooley, “Negroland,” p. 79.]

[Footnote 192: Ca da Mosto, Prima Navigazione, c. 13. With regard to

Oden, see c. 10.; for Timbúktu, c. 12.]

[Footnote 193: From Áhmed Bábá we learn nothing more respecting the fate

of ʿOmár; but we see in another passage that Sonni ʿAlí imprisoned Al

Mukhtár, another son of Mohammed Nasr, who, from what follows, it is

evident, was Túmbutu-koy.]

[Footnote 194: De Barros, in the highly interesting passage, i. l. 3. c.

12. p. 257.; and the curious report of the German Valentin Ferdinand, by

Kunstmann, in Abhandlungen der K. Baier. Akad. cl. iii. vol. viii. first

section a. 1856. It is, however, remarkable that the German author,

although he speaks of Wadán, does not say anything of it ever having

been a factory.]

[Footnote 195: See what I have said respecting the tribe of the

Zoghorán, or Jawambe, p. 175.]

[Footnote 196: See De Barros, in the passage mentioned before, “rey dos

Fullos.”]

[Footnote 197: The origin of this name, as stated by Áhmed Bábá, is not

very probable. But although it is true that “Áskíá” was rather a royal

title, which the founder of this new dynasty adopted, nevertheless, in

Negroland, the popular name of this great ruler and conqueror is nothing

but Áskíá, and that was the reason why Leo calls him only by this name,

changing it into Ischia.]

[Footnote 198: Leo, l. vi. c. 2. p. 138., ed. Venezia, 1837.]

[Footnote 199: These words Mr. Ralfs (p. 533.) has neglected to

translate.]

[Footnote 200: Whether this ʿOmár received his surname Kumzághu only

from the circumstance of his taking the town of Zágha, we cannot decide;

but there is no doubt that he must be distinguished from the other

brother of the same name, else Áhmed Bábá would be guilty of an

absurdity. We never find that a governor of the important province of

Kúrmina was at the same time Túmbutu-koy; and the difference of the two

individuals is quite evident, for ʿOmár Kumzághu died 926, and ʿOmár,

son of Bú Bakr,—that is to say, his other brother,—the Túmbutu-koy, 928.

See further down.]

[Footnote 201: De Barros, i. l. iii. c. 12, p. 257, dizendo (the later

Mansa, in Manuel’s time) que havia em boa ventura ser lhe enviado este

mensajeiro, porque a seu avô que tinha a seu proprio nome fora, enviado

otro mensajeiro do otro Rey D. João de Portugal.]

[Footnote 202: Tukalna, as the name is given by Ralfs, is wrong.]

[Footnote 203: In the Gibla, the south-western district of the great

desert, there is a tribe of the name Welád Abéri.]

[Footnote 204: This is probably the meaning of the words of Leo, l. vii.

c. 4.]

[Footnote 205: This true native form of the name of that country Áhmed

Bábá gives himself. At the time when I made the excerpts I did not

identify the name, having misspelt it Barka; but the form Barb_ú_ is

quite decisive.]

[Footnote 206: Appendix to Clapperton’s Second Expedition, p. 338.:—“And

it is recorded that, when the equitable Prince Hadgi Mohammed Allah-kaja

(Áskíá) ruled over this province, he could gain no advantage over

them.”]

[Footnote 207: باغن فرن مع فُتَ كْيَتال The name is remarkable; “mʿa,” a

Mandingo word; it may belong to the title “fereng,” as a sort of

tautology.]

[Footnote 208: اللعين المتني تينضر It is not improbable that the name

Allʿaín expresses the national term Dhelian, or Dhelianke, to whom this

founder of the new dynasty in Fúta Tóro belonged.]

[Footnote 209: The following is the highly interesting account which we

have received from De Barros (_Asia_, I. l. 3. c. 12. p. 258.) of this

great commotion:—“E não somente per estes e per Pero d’ Evora, mas ainda

per hum Mem Royz escudeiro de sua casa e per Pero de Astuniga seu moço

d’ esporas que elle levava por companheiro, mandou El Rey algunas vezes

recados a El Rey de Tungubutu e ao mesmo _Temalá_ (Damil) que se

chiamava Rey dos Fullos. O qual Temalá nestes tiempos foi nas quellas

partes _hum incendio de guerra_ levantandose da parte do Sol ex huma

Comarca chamada Futa con tanto numero de gente que seccavam hum rio

quando a elle chegavam; e assiera esquivo e barbaro este açoute d’

aquella gente pagã que assolava quanto se lhe punha diante. E como con

vesta ferocidade tinha feito grande damno emos amigos e servidores del

Rey, principalmente a el Rey de Tungubutu, Mandi Mansa, Uli Mansa mandou

lhe per algunas vezes seus recados de amizade, e outros de rogo sobre os

negocios da guerra que tinha com estes.” It is highly interesting to see

how the course of affairs in this quarter confirms all that we know from

other sources. Thus M. le Colonel Faidherbe, at present governor of the

Senegal, in opposition to common tradition, which would have carried

back the foundation of the new dynasty in Fúta, which he well understood

proceeded from the east, to the middle of the fourteenth century,

arrives at the conclusion that it must have been established about the

year 1500. _Bulletin de la Soc. Géogr._, iv. p. 281.]

[Footnote 210: Leo heard this report evidently from merchants, and in a

very exaggerated manner; for Áhmed Bábá would be guilty of inaccuracy

beyond measure, if he had forgotten to mention a second expedition which

Háj Mohammed, according to Leo’s account, undertook three years after

the first; nay, such an expedition is totally impossible, on account of

the hostility of Kanta the ruler of Kebbi, who made himself independent

of Songhay the second year after the expedition to Kátsena, and there

was no road from Songhay to Kanó except through Kebbi.]

[Footnote 211: See Vol. I. p. 461. seq.]

[Footnote 212: Leo, l. vii. c. 9.]

[Footnote 213: In this instance also it is not certain whether the town

of Kanó be meant, or whether that name at the time attached only to the

whole province.]

[Footnote 214: “Tamben per via da fortaleza da Mina mandarão a Mohamed

bem Manzugue e neto de Mussa Rey de Songo, que de huma Cidade das mais

populosas daquella grao Provincia a que nos communemente chamamos

Mandinga, a qual Cidade jaz no parallelo do Cabo das palmas, mettida

dentro no sertão per distancia de cento e quarenta leguas, segundo a

setuaçao das taboas da nossa Geografia.”—De Barros, _Asia_, l.c. p. 259.

That nephew of Músa, therefore, was evidently governor of the former

principal province of the kingdom of Melle. The king, says De Barros

further on, was not a little surprised at the king of Portugal sending

him presents. It is very probable that among these presents were the

articles of Portuguese workmanship mentioned by the author of the memoir

to Philip II. on the power of Múláy e’ Dhéhebi, as found by the

Maroccains among the spoil of Gágho. See lower down.]

[Footnote 215: This phrase, وفيها ذهب الى دِرَ has not been translated

by Mr. Ralfs.]

[Footnote 216: There seems little doubt that the name Kábi is here

implied, although Áhmed Bábá himself uses the form Kebbi, and he adds

that it was the name of a locality, “makán;” but the author had very

little knowledge of these easterly regions, and, probably, did not know

the relation of Kebbi—which he generally designates as the territory of

Kanta—to Dendi, the name commonly given to this province east of the

Niger.]

[Footnote 217: De Slane, in “La Revue Africaine,” i. p. 291.]

[Footnote 218: The number may not be much exaggerated. It was probably

this example which taught Múláy Hamed that a small well disciplined army

was by far more useful for such a purpose than an undisciplined host.]

[Footnote 219: Most probably the people in Morocco had a very confused

idea of the relation of the two great rivers of that region, the Senegal

and Niger, with the ocean; and both rivers are here meant when Múláy

Hámed ordered the army وامرهم باخذ ما هناك من البلدان على شاطي البحر]

[Footnote 220: Revue Africaine, i. 291.]

[Footnote 221: The place Tegháza seems to have had a considerable

population at that time, which shows the importance of this traffic. See

Caillié, ii. p. 128.]

[Footnote 222: We see from this report the remarkable fact that the

whole of Songhay at that time was provided from Tegháza, while we have

seen from El Bekrí’s account that in the eleventh century Songhay Proper

was supplied from the mines of Taútek. The words of Bábá Áhmed الصبر عن

الملح, not translated by Mr. Ralfs, can be only understood by him who

has travelled in Negroland, and who knows what a precious article salt

is in many regions, and what it is “to be deprived of salt.”]

[Footnote 223: The translation of this passage by Mr. Ralfs (p. 543.) is

rather defective.]

[Footnote 224: Bábá Áhmed is here very distinct, stating expressly,

apparently in order to contradict current reports,—“and they dug (began

to dig) here in Taödénni the salt at this period” (بهذا التاريخ _and

they gave up [the salt mines of] Tegháza this time, or on this

occasion_). The latter words have not been translated by Mr. Ralfs at

all.]

[Footnote 225: Eighteen days’ march with an army from Timbúktu, nine

days for a single horseman on flight.]

[Footnote 226: The name Gurma seems to be employed here quite in a

general sense.]

[Footnote 227: It is remarkable that Bábá Áhmed does not intimate at all

by what road the Bashá arrived.]

[Footnote 228: That Jódar was a eunuch, and a native of Almeria, we

learn from a Spanish source, a paper written the 16th of October, 1648,

by an unknown author, in “Papeles Curiosas,” of the Egerton Collection,

n. 10,262, p. 235.: “Aquel valeroso Eunuco renegado natural de Almeria;”

and further on, “Esta conquista hizó el famoso Jaudar, que fué celebre

en Berberia como uno de los de la fama.”]

[Footnote 229: Journ. Leip. Oriental Soc., ix. p. 549.]

[Footnote 230: This is not certain, although further on Áhmed Bábá

mentions مدافع, which Mr. Ralfs translates (p. 554.) by “Geschütz;” but

the common musket being called مدفع by the Arabs in and near Timbúktu,

it is not quite certain whether the author means field pieces or

matchlocks.]

[Footnote 231: In order to make out the whole numbers of the army of the

Bashá, we must add the garrison of Timbúktu, which could certainly not

be less than a couple of hundred men.]

[Footnote 232: It would be highly absurd to conclude, from what Áhmed

Bábá says of the strength of this army, that its numbers made it so; for

in numbers it was certainly a very small army for Negroland, where

armies of from 30,000 to 50,000 men are a common occurrence, and the

Imám e’ Tekrúri says that the Songhay king had an army of 140,000 men.

Revue Africaine, l.c.]

[Footnote 233: Bábá Áhmed writes this name exactly as it is pronounced,

كَبِّ, while the name Kábi is never used, but must have been formerly

used, as is evident, from the form Kábáwa. See page 201.]

[Footnote 234: تْارَ (p. 553.), not Tara. There is no doubt that the

well-known Songhay town of that name (Vol. IV. Ap. V.) is meant.]

[Footnote 235: بلد كلن. According to the writer, whose interesting

account Macguckin de Slane has published in the “Revue Africaine,” i. n.

4. p. 296., the authority of Mansúr extended as far as Kanó: nay, even

the ruler of Bórnu is said to have made his subjection; but the latter

assertion is very improbable, the then ruler of Bórnu being none else

than the warlike and energetic Edrís Álawóma. It is remarkable, however,

that that author mentions Kanó without saying anything about Kebbi,

which was the neighbouring kingdom, intervening between Songhay and

Kanó, and at that time very powerful.]

[Footnote 236: See p. 431.]

[Footnote 237: I had no time to excerpt this latter part of Bábá Áhmed’s

history, but it is full of information with regard to this turbulent

period.]

[Footnote 238: Here again Jackson (_Account of Morocco_, p. 295.) has

made a most erroneous statement, saying that Sídi ʿAlí escaped into

Súdán, where the king of Bámbara received him hospitably, so that ʿAlí

was enabled to collect 8000 black warriors, with whom he marched against

Morocco; and that these blacks were the means by which Ismáʿaíl obtained

influence in Timbúktu.]

[Footnote 239: There is great confusion in an article concerning this

subject in a letter addressed by Jackson to Sir James Bankes, in the

Proceedings of the African Association, vol. i. p. 366. Here the annual

tribute which Timbúktu paid to this king is estimated at 5,000,000

dollars. The same sort of exaggeration we find in all Jackson’s

statements.]

[Footnote 240: Even the very meritorious Gråberg de Hemsö, in his

_Specchio di Marocco_, p. 269., repeats this statement.]

[Footnote 241: See M. le Colonel Faidherbe, in _Bulletin de la Soc.

Géogr._ 1850.]

[Footnote 242: Shabíni, p. 12.]

[Footnote 243: Proceedings of the African Association, ii. p. 322.]

[Footnote 244: Ritter, Erdkunde von Afrika, p. 446. seq., especially

from Sídi Hámed’s statement (p. 363.).]

APPENDIX X.

FRAGMENTS OF A METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER.

[Deg. F.: Degrees in scale of Fahrenheit.]

+-----+-------+-------+----------------------------------------------+

| | Day. | | |

+-----+-------+-------+----------------------------------------------+

|1852.| | | |

| | | | |

| Nov.| | | |

| | | | |

| 25 |sunrise| 41 |Outside Kúkawa at the village Kalíluwa. |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 91 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 27 |sunrise| 50 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 74 | |

| | | | |

| 28 |sunrise| 52 | |

| | | | |

| |1.15 | 91 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 81 | |

| | | | |

| 29 |sunrise| 64 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 93 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 81 | |

| | | | |

| 30 |sunrise| 58·5 | |

| | | | |

| Dec.| | | |

| | | | |

| 1 |sunrise| 57·5 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 87 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 77 | |

| | | | |

| 2 |sunrise| 59 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 75 | |

| | | | |

| 3 |sunrise| 52 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 88 |Heavy E. gale. |

| | | | |

| 4 |sunrise| 51 | |

| | | | |

| |1 p.m. | 88 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 77 | |

| | | | |

| 5 |sunrise| 47 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 94 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 82·3 | |

| | | | |

| 6 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 7 |1.30 | 81·2 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 70·2 | |

| | | | |

| 8 |sunrise| 52 |Heavy northerly gale. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 69·5 | |

| | | | |

| 9 |sunrise| 48 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 82·5 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 75 | |

| | | | |

| 10 |sunrise| 56 |Foggy in the morning. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 73·5 | |

| | | | |

| 11 |sunrise| 54 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 75 | |

| | | | |

| 12 |sunrise| 53 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 72·5 | |

| | | | |

| 13 |1.20 | 84 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 14 |1.45 | 83 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 15 |sunrise| 57 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 81 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 76 | |

| | | | |

| 16 |1.30 | 83 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 72·30 | |

| | | | |

| 17 | | |

| |No observation.| |

| 18 | | |

| | | | |

| 19 |1.30 p | 81 | |

| |m. | | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 73 | |

| | | | |

| 20 |sunrise| 50 | |

| | | | |

| 21 |sunrise| 52 |Cold N.E. gale; very heavy. |

| | | | |

| |1.40 | 77 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 22 |sunrise| 40 |Very cold, but no wind. |

| | | | |

| 23 | | |Foggy morning. |

| | | | |

| 24 |sunrise| 55 | |

| | | | |

| 25 |sunrise| 43 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 78 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 26 |sunset | 72 | |

| | | | |

|27 to|No observation.|Sky all this time cloudy. |

| 31 | | | |

| | | | |

| Jan.| | | |

| | | | |

| 1 |sunset | 73 | |

| | | | |

| 2 |sunrise| 55 | |

| | | | |

| 3 to|No observation.| |

| 10 | | | |

| | | | |

| 11 |1.30 | 85 |Fine morning. |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 12 |sunrise| 56 |Fine morning. |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 87·5 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 13 |sunrise| 54 |Strong wind. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 75 | |

| | | | |

| 14 |sunrise| 54 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 76 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 15 |sunrise| 51 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 76 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 16 |sunrise| 55 | |

| | | | |

| 17 |sunrise| 57 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 77 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 18 |sunrise| 55 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 77 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 19 |sunrise| 57 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 80 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 71·5 | |

| | | | |

| 20 |sunrise| 56·5 | |

| | | | |

| 21 |2 p.m. | 86 | |

| | | | |

| 22 |sunrise| 56 |Cold wind. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 75 | |

| | | | |

| 23 |sunrise| 47·2 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 75 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 24 |sunrise| 50·4 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 80·2 | |

| | | | |

| 25 |sunrise| 50 | |

| | | | |

| |1.45 | 85·7 |Fine day. |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 26 |sunrise| 48·5 | |

| | | | |

| |1.45 | 85·2 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 27 |sunrise| 51·5 | |

| | | | |

| |1.50 | 89·4 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 28 |sunrise| 59·6 | |

| | | | |

| |1.45 | 89·5 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 29 | | |

| |No observation.| |

| 30 | | |

| | | | |

| 31 |sunset | 75 | |

| | | | |

| Feb.| | | |

| | | | |

| 1 |sunrise| 59·5 | |

| | | | |

| }|sunrise| 58-60 | |

| 2 }| | | |

| }|1.30 | 90 | |

| to}|p.m. | | |

| }| | | |

| 24}|sunset | 76 | |

| | | | |

| 25 | | |In the evening heat-lightning towards N. |

| | | | |

| 26 | | |Cloudy, the sun shining forth at times; in the|

| | | |overcast with thick clouds; in the evening |

| | | | |

| 27 | | |Windy. |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| 3 |1.15 | 95 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 9 |1.30 | 96 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 10 |sunrise| 66 | |

| | | | |

| 11 |sunset | 85 |Cloudy; heavy gale. |

| | | | |

| 12 |sunrise| 75 |Clear. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 97 | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| 13 |sunrise| 72 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 92 |The whole day heavy gale. |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 14 |sunrise| 70 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 92 | |

| | | | |

| 15 |sunrise| 70 |Weather clear. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 88 | |

| | | | |

| 16 |sunrise| 72 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 96 | |

| | | | |

| 17 |sunrise| 72 |Fine morning. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 96·5 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 91·5 | |

| | | | |

| 18 |sunrise| 72 |Fine morning. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 98·3 | |

| | | | |

| 19 |sunrise| 75 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 99 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 92 | |

| | | | |

| 20 |sunrise| 72 |Very fine morning. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 98·5 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 92 | |

| | | | |

| 21 |sunset | 90 | |

| | | | |

| 22 |1.15 | 101 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 23 |sunrise| 74 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 106 | |

| | | | |

| 24 |1.30 | 103·5 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 25 |1.15 | 100·5 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 26 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 27 |3 p.m. | 100 | |

| | | | |

| 28 |3 p.m. | 103 | |

| | | | |

| 29 |sunrise| 79·5 | |

| | | | |

| 30 |sunrise| 81 | |

| | | | |

| |2.15 | 103·5 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| |5.30 | |Heavy gale, sky thickly overcast; no rain with|

| |p.m. | |us, but heat-lightning. |

| | | | |

| 31 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| 1 |8 p.m. | |Sky thickly overcast; thunder-storm the |

| | | | |

| 2 | | |Sky thickly overcast in the morning; a few |

| | | | |

| 3 | | |(Some rain early in the morning.) |

| | | | |

| 4 |1.30 | (94) |In the cool hall of a clay house. |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| | | 104·5 |In shade outside. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 80 | |

| | | | |

| 5 |sunrise| 70 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | (95) | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| | | 105·7 | |

| | | | |

| 6 |sunrise| 71·3 | |

| | | | |

| 7 |1.30 | (95) | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| | | 105·7 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 94 | |

| | | | |

| 8 |sunrise| 77·5 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 90 | |

| | | | |

| 9 |sunrise| 72 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 105·7 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 89 | |

| | | | |

| 10 |sunrise| 68 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 106 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 89 | |

| | | | |

| 11 |sunrise| 70 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 105 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 85 | |

| | | | |

| 12 |sunrise| 64 | |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 106 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 108 | |

| | | | |

| 13 |sunrise| 66 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 109 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 90 | |

| | | | |

| 14 |sunrise| 77 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 107·5 | |

| | | | |

| |2.45 | 110 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 93 | |

| | | | |

| 15 |sunrise| 77·4 |Strong wind. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 108 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 95 | |

| | | | |

| 16 |sunrise| 81 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 110·5 | |

| | | | |

| 17 |sunrise| 72 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 110·5 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 93 | |

| | | | |

| 18 |sunrise| 77 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 108·5 |Sky towards W. overcast with clouds. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 94 | |

| | | | |

| 19 |sunrise| 80 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 106·5 | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| 20 |sunrise| 79 |Sky overcast. |

| | | | |

| 21 |2 p.m. | 103 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 98 | |

| | | | |

| 22 |sunrise| 78 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 102 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 95 | |

| | | | |

| 23 |sunrise| 78 | |

| | | | |

| 24 |2 p.m. | 106·5 | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| 25 |sunrise| 82 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 106 |Sky overcast. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 96 | |

| | | | |

| 26 |sunrise| 81·7 |Thunder-clouds from east, only a few drops of |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 106 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 95 | |

| | | | |

| 27 |sunrise| 82 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 110 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 97 | |

| | | | |

| 28 |2 p.m. | 110 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 98 | |

| | | | |

| 29 |sunrise| 83 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 98·5 | |

| | | | |

| 30 |sunrise| 85 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 110 |In the afternoon a thunder-storm rose from E. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 92 | |

| | | | |

| May | | | |

| | | | |

| 1 |sunrise| 82 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 109 |During the night heavy wind, but no rain. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 97 | |

| | | | |

| 2 |sunrise| 80 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 106 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 98 | |

| | | | |

| 3 |sunrise| 82 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 109 |During the night wind, heat-lightning. |

| | | | |

| 4 |sunrise| 82 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 108 |In the afternoon sky cloudy; in the evening |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 98 | |

| | | | |

| 5 |sunrise| 81·5 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 105 |Sky overcast and cloudy, but no rain. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 97 | |

| | | | |

| 6 |sunrise| 83 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 106 | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| 7 |sunrise| 77 |Air refreshed; windy. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 101 | |

| | | | |

| 8 |No observation.|No rain. |

| | | | |

| 9 |sunrise| 80 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 109 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 95 | |

| | | | |

| 10 |sunrise| 84 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 105 | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| 11 |sunrise| 82·5 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 104 | |

| | | | |

| | | |of rain lasting about one hour, refreshing the|

| | | |air. |

| | | | |

| 12 |sunrise| 76 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 103 | |

| | | | |

| 13 |sunrise| 99 |In the afternoon thunder-storm with very heavy|

| | | | |

| |sunset | 96·5 | |

| | | | |

| 14 |sunrise| 75 | |

| | | | |

| 15 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 16 |sunrise| 80·5 | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| 17 |sunrise| 79 |Clouds towards the S. |

| | | | |

| 18 |No observation.| (Gandó.) |

| | | | |

| 19 |2 p.m. | 104 |Fine cool morning; in the afternoon thunder- |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 92·3 | |

| | | | |

| 20 | | |In the afternoon thunder-storm from N.; after |

| | | |sunset a slight shower with us, lasting about |

| | | | |

| 21 |sunrise| 80·5 | |

| | | | |

| 22 |sunrise| 83·5 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 102 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 92 | |

| | | | |

| 23 |sunrise| 82·5 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 104 | |

| | | | |

| |4 p.m. | 99 |About 4 p.m. thunder-storm from N. with |

| | | | |

| |5 p.m. | 79 | |

| | | | |

| 24 |sunrise| 78 |A slight fall in the morning; cloudy. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 95 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 88 | |

| | | | |

| 25 |sunrise| 78·5 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 107 |About 4 p.m. thunder-storm in the S. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 92 | |

| | | | |

| 26 |sunrise| 77·5 |Early in the morning a few drops of rain. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 96 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 89 | |

| | | | |

| 27 |sunrise| 78 |Early in the morning a slight thunder-storm |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 84 | |

| | | | |

| 28 |sunrise| 79 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 90·5 | |

| | | | |

| 29 |sunrise| 80 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 94·4 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 82·4 | |

| | | | |

| 30 |sunrise| 75 |Early in the morning a little rain. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 89·5 | |

| | | | |

| 31 |sunrise| 79·5 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 99 |At 5 p.m. thunder-storm accompanied by heavy |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| 1 |sunrise| 73·5 | |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 90 |Sky gloomy. |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 86 | |

| | | | |

| 2 |sunrise| 76 | |

| | | | |

| |7 a.m. | 73 |Thick clouds gathering. From 7.30 a.m. rain |

| | | |half an hour tolerably heavy, then gentle till|

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 90 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 87 | |

| | | | |

| 3 |sunrise| 77 |A thunder-storm in the distance. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 92 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 89 | |

| | | | |

| 4 |sunrise| 73 |In the night thunder-storm, with much rain, |

| | | | |

| 5 |sunrise| 78 |Thunder-storm gathered from E.; 6.5 a.m. it |

| | | |began raining, the first hour heavy, then |

| |7 a.m. | 73 |gentle till about 9 o’clock. Thunder-storm |

| | | |late in the evening, with a few drops of rain.|

| | | | |

| 6 |No observation.|Fine morning. |

| | | | |

| 7 | | |8 a.m. the sun broke through the clouds. |

| | | | |

| |2 p.m. | 91 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 84·5 | |

| | | | |

| 8 |sunrise| 75 |Very fine morning. |

| | | | |

| 9 | | |About 3 o’clock in the morning a moderate |

| | | | |

| 10 | | |About midnight from 10th to 11th a little rain|

| | | | |

| 11 | | |In the afternoon thunder-clouds gathering, but|

| | | | |

| 12 | | |At 4½ o’clock a.m. a thunder-storm gathering |

| | | | |

| 13 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 14 |sunset | 98 | |

| | | | |

| 15 |sunrise| 87 | |

| | | | |

| 16 |No observation.|The following night a little rain. |

| | | | |

| 17 | | |The sun broke through the clouds about 8 a.m. |

| | | | |

| 18 | | |Fine morning; in the afternoon thunder-storm |

| | | | |

| 19 | | |About 4 o’clock p.m. thunder-storm from the |

| | | | |

| 20 | | |In the afternoon thunder-storm at some |

| | | | (Say.) |

| | | | |

| 21 | | |In the afternoon overcast. After sunset a |

| | | |thunder-storm gathered from E.N.E., refreshing|

| | | | |

| 22 | | |In the following night thunder-storm, but no |

| | | | |

| 23 | | |The sky clearer. |

| | | | |

| |1.30 | 100 | |

| |p.m. | | |

| | | | |

| 24 | | |Sky overcast. 7 a.m. severe thunder-storm |

| | | |gathered, setting in with a violent gale, |

| | | |followed by heavy rain, lasting about three |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 84 | |

| | | | |

| 25 |sunrise| 73·5 |Fine morning. |

| | | | |

| 26 | | |Cloudy and stormy. |

| | | | |

| 27 | | |Sky thickly overcast, the clouds proceeding |

| | | | |

| 28 | | |Sky overcast. About noon a few drops. About |

| | | | |

| 29 | | |Sky thickly overcast in the morning, |

| | | | |

| 30 | | |Fine morning, tolerably clear. In the |

| | | |afternoon a thunder-storm in the distance; |

| | | |late in the evening a second one gathered from|

| | | |extraordinary force for the first hour, then |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| 1 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 2 | | |Sky about noon thickly overcast and atmosphere|

| | | | |

| 3 | | |Clear. |

| | | | |

| 4 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 5 | | |Sky overcast. 8.30 a.m. a thunder-storm |

| | | |gathered, accompanied by violent rain till |

| | | |9.45, afterwards lasting with intermission |

| | | | |

| 6 | | |Fine weather. |

| | | | |

| 7 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 8 | | |In the afternoon a heavy thunder-storm, but no|

| | | | |

| 9 | | |Sky overcast, rainy. 10 a.m. the sun broke |

| | | | |

| 10 | | |4 p.m. a thunder-storm gathered from N. |

| | | |proceeded westward, bringing us only a few |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 80 | |

| | | | |

| 11 | | |In the afternoon a thunder-storm, but only a |

| | | | |

| 12 | | |No thunder-storm; windy. (Libtáko.) |

| | | | |

| 13 | | |During the following night heavy thunder- |

| | | | |

| 14 | | |About 4 o’clock p.m. thunder-storm towards S.,|

| | | | |

| 15 | | |In the afternoon again thunder-storm without a|

| | | | |

| 16 | | |Cool. |

| | | | |

| 17 | | |After 2 p.m. thunder-storm in the distance, |

| | | |the whole sky becoming gradually overcast. |

| | | |From 5.15 p.m. moderate rain till 8.30, and |

| | | | |

| 18 | | |Atmosphere refreshed. In the evening moderate |

| | | | |

| 19 | | |At 2 p.m. considerable rain, with frequent |

| | | | |

| 20 | | |Sky in the morning very cloudy, but no rain. |

| | | | |

| 21 | | |Wind westerly; no rain. |

| | | | |

| 22 | | |At 7.40 a.m. a black thunder-storm gathering |

| | | |from the E., followed by moderate rain lasting|

| | | | |

| 23 | | |Sky mostly overcast. About 5 p.m. thunder- |

| | | |storm towards N.W., then turned by E. towards |

| | | |S., and reached us about 8 p.m. again from the|

| | | |heavy, but not accompanied by wind, continuing|

| | | | |

| 24 | | |Fine sunny day; no rain. |

| | | | |

| 25 | | |Clear. |

| | | | |

| 26 | | |About 2 a.m. heavy thunder-storm, followed by |

| | | | |

| 27 | | |Late in the evening thunder-storm followed |

| | | |after midnight by moderate rain, at times |

| | | | |

| 28 | | |At 6.30 a.m. a heavy thunder-storm gathering |

| | | |from E., followed by heavy rain, lasting till |

| | | |noon. Sky did not clear up till near sunset. |

| | | | |

| 29 | | |Clear. |

| | | | |

| 30 | | |Heavy dew at night, fine morning, scarcely a |

| | | |cloud to be seen. At 9 o’clock p.m. a violent |

| | | | |

| 31 | | |The sun broke through the clouds about 7 a.m.,|

| | | |and the day remained fine till 3 o’clock p.m.,|

| | | |when the clouds gathered, and at 4 p.m. were |

| | | |followed by a very heavy shower, lasting about|

| | | |hour with the utmost violence, after which it |

| | | |became more moderate, lasting till long after |

| | | | |

| Aug.| | | |

| | | | |

| 1 | | |In the afternoon cloudy, but no rain. |

| | | | |

| 2 | | |Very fine day, but the heat gradually |

| | | |oppressive; clouds gathering in the afternoon.|

| | | |At 9 o’clock p.m. heavy gusts of wind and |

| | | | |

| 3 | | |At 2 p.m. thunder-storm in S.W.; about 9 p.m. |

| | | |violent thunder-storm with heavy rain, lasting|

| | | |about ½ hour, followed by a second rain very |

| | | | |

| 4 | | |At 4.40 p.m. a heavy shower lasting till 4.55.|

| | | | |

| 5 | | |Clear. |

| | | | |

| 6 | | |In the evening thunder-storm with heavy rain. |

| | | | |

| 7 | | |No rain. |

| | | | |

| 8 | | |Clear. |

| | | | |

| 9 | | |Sky overcast. |

| | | | |

| 10 | | |7 p.m. a very violent thunder-storm with heavy|

| | | | |

| 11 | | |No rain. |

| | | | |

| 12 | | |4 o’clock p.m. a thunder-storm from the E., |

| | | |with rain lasting about ¾ hour, first violent,|

| | | | |

| 13 | | |In the afternoon thunder-storm towards the S. |

| | | | |

| 14 | | |7 a.m. dark thunder-clouds gathered from N., |

| | | | |

| 15 | | |The whole day thunder-storm towards N. and W. |

| | | | |

| 16 | | |Past midnight a violent thunder-storm |

| | | | |

| 17 | | |At 4½ o’clock p.m. a little rain. |

| | | | |

| 18 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 19 | | |In the night thunder-storm but no rain. |

| | | | |

| 20 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 21 | | |Clear but very warm. |

| | | | |

| 22 | | |After 6 p.m. a heavy thunder-storm from E., |

| | | |with much wind, but moderate rain; the air not|

| | | | |

| 23 | | |Warm sunny day. |

| | | | |

| 24 | | |

| |No observation.| |

| 25 | | |

| | | | |

| 29 | | |A thunder-storm; heat-lightning without rain. |

| | | | |

| 30 | | |At noon a thunder-storm from the east. 12.45 a|

| | | |little rain. The rain clouds went from S. to |

| | | |W., then turned northwards; in that direction |

| | | | |

| 31 | | |Morning cool; in the evening a thunder-storm |

| | | | |

| | | | |

| 1 | | |In the evening the sky thickly overcast; |

| | | |thunder-storm gathered, only a few drops of |

| | | | |

| 2 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 3 | | |3 p.m. a thunder-storm as in general, from the|

| | | |minutes. 4.35 p.m. a second thunder-storm. |

| | | | |

| 4 | | |Heat-lightning in the evening; heavy gale. |

| | | | |

| 5 | | |Heavy westerly gale. |

| | | | |

| 6 | | |

| |No observation.| (Timbúktu.) |

| 7 | | |

| | | | |

| 8 | | |In the evening thunder-storm with heavy |

| | | | |

| 9 | | |In the evening heavy thunder-storm from the |

| | | |N.; violent rain from 8 to 8.30 p.m., then |

| | | |less severe till 11.5; afterwards heavy gale. |

| | | | |

| 10 | | |In the afternoon a little rain. |

| | | | |

| 11 | | |Sky in the afternoon thickly overcast. |

| | | | |

| 12 | | | |

| 13 | | | |

| | | | |

| 14 | | |2.5 p.m. a little rain; afterwards thunder- |

| | | | |

| 15 | | |The clouds driven about by a storm. |

| | | | |

| 16 | | |Greater part cloudy. |

| | | | |

| 17 | | |Tolerably clear. |

| | | | |

| 18 | | |2 p.m. very violent gale, followed by |

| | | | |

| 19 | | |Fine morning. |

| | | | |

| 20 | | |Early in the morning heavy gale with a few |

| | | | |

| 21 | | |Tolerably clear. |

| | | | |

| 22 | | |At 7 o’clock p.m. a thunder-storm with |

| | | | |

| 23 | | |Heavy gale. |

| | | | |

| 24 | | |Clearer. |

| | | | |

| 25 | | |Sunrise not clear; afterwards windy. |

| | | | |

| 26 | | |In the evening thunder-storm without rain. |

| | | | |

| 27 | | |Sky not clear. About noon a gale arose. |

| | | | |

| 28 | | |Towards morning a little rain; sky thickly |

| | | |overcast; several times rain, especially in |

| | | |the afternoon; in the evening considerable |

| | | | |

| 29 | | |1.30 p.m. heavy rain, but short. 8 p.m. |

| | | |another fall of rain, moderate, but lasting |

| | | | |

| 30 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| Oct.| | | |

| | | | |

| 1 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 2 | | |In the afternoon thunder-storm passed by |

| | | | |

| 3 | | |3.33 p.m. thunder-storm with heavy rain, |

| | | | |

| 4 to| | |Clear. |

| 7 | | | |

| | | | |

| 8 | | |4 o’clock p.m. thunder-storm towards the N. |

| | | | |

| 9 | | |4 p.m. rain with interruption. |

| | | | |

| 10 | | |Sky not clear. |

| | | | |

| 11 | | | |

| 12 | | | |

| | | | |

| 13 | | |Overcast; at 4 p.m. a thunder-storm from the |

| | | |N. with heavy gale, but only a few drops of |

| | | | |

| 14 | | | |

| | | | |

| 15 | | |Cloudy in the east. |

| | | | |

| 16 | | | |

| | | | |

| 17 | | |In the afternoon cloudy. |

| | | | |

| 18 | | |Night cool; fine morning. |

| | | | |

| 19 | | |Cool night. |

| | | | |

| 20 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 21 | | |The morning cloudy; N.E. gale. |

| | | | |

| 22 | | |N.E. wind. |

| | | | |

| 23 | | |Clear; gradually N.E. wind arose. |

| | | | |

| 24 |No observation.| |

| | | | |

| 25 | | |Very cold night. |

| | | | |

| 26 | | |Clear cold morning. |

| | | | |

|27 to| | |

| Nov.|No observation.|Tolerably clear. |

| 24 | | |

| | | | |

| 25 |sunrise| 56 | |

| | | | |

| |sunset | 76 | |

| | | | |

| 26 |sunrise| 56 | |

| | | | |

| 27 |sunrise| 63 | |

| | | | |

| 28 |sunrise| 62 | |

| | | | |

| 30 | | |Very cold; heavy northerly gale. |

| | | | |

| | | |Month of December no rain; sky generally dull |

+-----+-------+-------+----------------------------------------------+

END OF THE FOURTH VOLUME.

LONDON

PRINTED BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO.

NEW-STREET SQUARE

Transcriber's note:

Dotless _yā’_ ى has been transcribed as _yā’_ ي, except in Appendix

VIII.

The position of diacritics in Appendix VIII. has often been adjusted

based on the German edition.

Changes in the ERRATA have been done, as well as the following:

pg 37, Changed: "hence the precarious. allegiance" to: "hence the

precarious allegiance"

pg 153, Changed: "incur the se-severest condemnation" to: "the

severest"

pg 378, Changed: "very often less Besides the" to: "very often less.

Besides the"

pg 411, footnote 93, Changed: "See Vol. I. p. 323, note." to: "p.

333"

pg 481, Added ” after: "or the “Sane-gungu"

pg 481, footnote 136, Changed: "Kasbah, Ah´med Bábá’s account" to:

"Áhmed"

pg 523, Changed: "are the places Alíbaná, Bidáji" to: "Alíbawá"

pg 542, Changed: "bokki meams baobabs" to: "means"

pg 568, Changed: "الفُلأَن" to: "الفُلَان"

pg 569, Changed: "لبى حام الالى" to: "لبنى"

pg 569, Changed: "حُرّا نصيعـــ" to: "نصيعـــا"

pg 572, Changed: "ابوا ونبوا عن كلّ" to: "من"

pg 619, Changed: "Ís-hák thereforere crossed the river" to:

"therefore"

pg 625, Changed: "Thus wrote old Bábá Ah´med" to: "Áhmed"

pg 627,, footnote 240, Changed: "Gråberg de Hemso̊" to: "Hemsö"

Minor changes in punctuation have been done silently.

Other spelling inconsistencies have been left unchanged.

Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa, Vol. 4 (of 5) · 第 11 / 11 章

|a strong hand, | | | |