PARERE, see _Creare_.
PARERE; OBEDIRE; DICTO AUDIENTEM ESSE; OBSEQUI; OBSECUNDARE; MORIGERARI;
OBTEMPERARE. +Parere+, +obedire+ and +dicto audientem esse+, denote
obedience as an obligation, and a state of duty and subjection;
+parere+, in a lower relation, as that of a servant to his master,
a subject to his sovereign, in opp. to _imperare_, Cic. Fam. ix. 25;
+obedire+, +oboedire+, in a freer relation, as that of an inferior to
his superior, of a citizen to the law and magistrate; +dicto audientem
esse+, in a relation of the greatest subordination, as that of a soldier
to his general, as to obey orders; whereas +obsequi+, +obsecundare+,
+obtemperare+, and +morigerari+, as an act of free will. The _obsequens_
and _obsecundans_ obey from love and complaisance, showing their
readiness to obey; the _morigerans_ and _obtemperans_, from persuasion,
esteem, or fear, evincing their conformity to another's will. Hirt. B.
Afr. 51. Jubæ barbaro potius _obedientem_ fuisse quam nuntio Scipionis
_obtemperasse_. Cic. Cæc. 18. Man. 16. Tac. H. ii. 14. Parata non arma
modo sed _obsequium_ et _parendi_ amor; that is, readiness to obey, from
respect and love to the general, and from taking a pleasure in
obedience, from a feeling that without order and subordination their
cause could not be upheld. Cic. Orat. 71. Dum tibi roganti voluerim
_obsequi_; comp. with Fam. ix. 25. _Obtemperare_ cogito præceptis tuis.
(v. 271.)
PARIES, PARIETINÆ, see _Murus_.
PARILIS, see _Æquus_.
PARMA, see _Scutum_.
PARS; PORTIO. +Pars+ (from #peirô#) denotes a part, with reference to a
whole; whereas +portio+, a part or share with reference to a possessor.
Plin. H. N. xi. 15. Æstiva mellatione decimam _partem_ apibus relinqui
placet, si plenæ fuerint alvi; si minus, pro rata _portione_. (iv. 148.)
PARTES; FACTIO. +Partes+ denote the party, which is formed of itself by
difference of principles and interests; whereas +factio+ (from
#sphêkoô#) the clique of partisans, formed by narrow differences of the
members of a party with each other, and who act together with a blind
party-spirit, in order necessarily and by force to give the upper hand
to their own cause. Sall. Jug. 31. Inter bonos amicitia, inter malos
_factio_ est.
PARTICEPS, see _Socius_.
PARTICIPARE, see _Impertire_.
PARTIRI, see _Dividere_.
PARUMPER; PAULISPER. +Parumper+ means in a short time; +paulisper+,
during a short time. Hence acts of the mind are particularly in
construction with _parumper_; acts of the body, with _paulisper_; for
with the former is necessarily connected the glance at the future, which
_lies_ in _parumper_; in _paulisper_, duration of time only is
considered; for example, we use the expression _paulisper morari_, but
_parumper dubitare_. (i. 145.)
PARVUS; MINUTUS; EXIGUUS; PUSILLUS. +Parvus+ and +minutus+ denote
littleness, quite indifferently, and in a purely mathematical sense,
without any accessory notion; +parvus+ (#pauros#) a natural and
intrinsic littleness, in opp. to _magnus_, like #mikros#; +minutus+
(#minuthô#) an artificial and fabricated littleness; whereas +exiguus+
and +pusillus+ with a contemptuous accessory notion; +exiguus+ from
(egere) in a pitiable sense, as paltry and insignificant, in opp. to
_amplus_. Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. x. 24; or in opp. to _grandis_, Quintil.
xi. 3, 15; but +pusillus+ (#psilos#?) in a ludicrous sense, as petty,
nearly in opp. to _ingens_, like #tutthos#. (v. 28.)
PASCERE, see _Alimenta_.
PASSI; PROLIXI; SPARSI. +Passi capilli+ denotes loose hair, in opp. to
_cohibiti nodo_; whereas +prolixi capilli+ denotes hair suffered to hang
down, in opp. to _religati in verticem_; lastly, +sparsi capilli+
denotes dishevelled hair, in opp. to _pexi_. (vi. 258.)
PASSUS, see _Gradus_.
PATEFACERE, see _Aperire_.
PATERNUS; PATRIUS. +Paternus+ denotes, like #patrôos#, what belongs to a
father, and is derived from him, like paternal; whereas +patrius+, what
belongs to and is derived from one's ancestors or native country, like
#patrios#.
PAULATIM; SENSIM; GRADATIM; PEDETENTIM. +Paulatim+ and +sensim+
represent gradual motion under the image of an imperceptible progress;
+paulatim+, by little and little, in opp. to _semel_, at once, Sen.
Q. N. ii. 8. Coel. Aurel. Acut. ii. 37; +sensim+, (#anesimôs#)
imperceptibly in opp. to _repente_; Cic. Off. i. 33. Suet. Tib.
11;--whereas +gradatim+ and +pedetentim+, under the image of a
self-conscious progress; +gradatim+, step by step, like #badên#, in opp.
to _cursim_, _saltuatim_, etc.; whereas +pedetentim+ denotes at a foot's
pace, in opp. to _curru_, _equo_, _volatu_, _velis_. (iii. 97.)
PAULISPER, see _Parumper_.
PAUPERTAS; INOPIA; EGESTAS; MENDICITAS. +Paupertas+ (redupl. of parum)
denotes poverty only as narrowness of means, in consequence of which one
must economize, in opp. to _dives_, Cic. Parad. 6. Quintil. v. 10, 26,
like #penia#; whereas +inopia+ and +egestas+ denote galling poverty, in
consequence of which one suffers want, and has recourse to shifts;
+inopia+, like #aporia#, objectively, as utterly without means, so that
one cannot help one's self, in opp. to _copia_ or _opulentia_; Cic.
Parad. 6. Sen. Vit. B. 15. Tac. Hist. iii. 6; +egestas+, like #endeia#,
subjectively, as penury, when a man feels want, in opp. to _abundantia_;
lastly, +mendicitas+ (from #madizein#,) as absolute poverty, in
consequence of which one must beg, like #ptôcheia#. The _pauper_
possesses little enough; the _inops_ and _egenus_, too little; the
_mendicus_, nothing at all. In the kingdom of Plutus, according to the
order of rank, the _pauperes_ would occupy the middle station, who must
live the life of citizens, and economize; the _inopes_ and _egeni_, if
not in a state of overwhelming necessity, would occupy the station of
the poor, who live from hand to mouth, and must occasionally starve; the
_mendici_, the station of the beggars, who, without property of any
sort, or the means of earning it, live on alms. Cic. Parad. 6. Istam
_paupertatem_ vel potius _egestatem_ et _mendicitatem_ tuam nunquam
obscure tulisti. Sen. Ep. 17. 50. Ovid, Rem. 748. Suet. Gr. 11. Vixit in
summa _pauperie_, et pæne _inopia_. Plin. Ep. iv. 18. _Inopia_ vel
potius, ut Lucretius ait, _egestas_ patrii sermonis. Cic. Inv. i. 47.
Propter _inopiam_ in _egestate_ esse. (iii. 111.)
PAVIRE, see _Verberare_.
PAX, see _Otium_.
PECCATUM, see _Delictum_.
PECULARI, see _Vastare_.
PECULIARIS, see _Privus_.
PECUNIA; NUMMUS; MONETA. +Pecunia+ (from #pachunô#) is money, as a
collective expression; +nummus+ (#nomimos#) a piece of money, in
reference to its value and currency; +moneta+, a coin in reference to
its coinage and appearance. (vi. 240.)
PECUS; JUMENTUM; ARMENTUM; GREX. 1. +Pecus, pecoris+, is the most
general expression for domestic beasts; +jumenta+ and +armenta+ denote
the larger sort, bullocks, asses, horses; +pecus, pecudis+ (from the
Goth. faihu) the smaller sort, swine, goats, and especially sheep.
2. +Jumenta+ denotes beasts used in drawing carriages, bullocks, asses,
horses; +armenta+ (#aromata#) beasts used in ploughing, oxen and horses,
with the exclusion of cows, pack-asses, riding-horses, etc., which are
neither fit for drawing carriages, nor for the plough. 3. As a singular
and collective noun, +armentum+ denotes a herd or drove of the larger
cattle, like #agelê#; +grex+ (from #ageirô#) a herd or flock of the
smaller animals, like #poimnê#, #pôu#. Plin. Ep. ii. 16. Multi _greges_
ovium, multa ibi equorum boumque _armenta_ (iv. 298.)
PECUS, see _Animal_.
PEDETENTIM, see _Paulatim_.
PEDICA, see _Vincula_.
PEJERARE, see _Perlucidus_.
PEJOR, see _Deterior_.
PELAGUS, see _Mare_.
PELLEGERE, PELLICERE, see _Perlucidus_.
PELLEX; CONCUBINA; MERETRIX; SCORTUM. 1. +Pellex+ and the foreign word
+pallaca+ (#pallakê#, #paralegesthai#,) mean the bed-fellow of a married
man with reference to his wife, and in opp. to her, as her rival;
whereas +concubina+ means any bed-fellow, without further limitation
than that she does not live in a state of lawful wedlock. Suet. Cæs. 49.
_Pellicem_ reginæ Dolabella Cæsarem dixit: comp. with Ner. 44.
_Concubinas_, quas secum educeret. 2. +Pellex+ and +concubina+ are bound
to one man; +meretrix+, +scortum+, +lupa+, +prostibulum+, are common
prostitutes. 3. The +meretrices+ and +scorta+ are not _so low_ as
_lupæ_, _prostibula_. They exercise some choice and selection, and
support themselves by the work of their own hands, from which
_meretrices_ derive their name (from mereri); +meretrices+ are
considered with ref. to the _class_ they belong to; +scorta+ (#korê#,
#korasion#), with ref. to their moral character, as enticing men to sin,
like #hetairai#, filles de joie. The +meretrices+ are common; the
+scorta+, lascivious and dissolute. (v. 241.)
PELLIS, see _Tergus_.
PELLUCIDUS, see _Perlucidus_.
PENDERE, see _Hærere_.
PENITUS, see _Plane_.
PENNA, see _Ala_.
PENUS, see _Alimenta_.
PERCONTARI, s. _Rogare_.
PERCUSSOR, see _Homicida_.
PERCUTERE, see _Interficere_.
PERDERE; PESSUNDARE; PERVERTERE; EVERTERE. +Perdere+ and +pessundare+
denote complete destruction; +perdere+, by breaking to pieces, or by any
other mode of destroying; +pessundare+ (#pezon theinai#) by sinking, or
any other mode of getting rid of; whereas +evertere+, +pervertere+, and
+subvertere+ merely denote throwing down; +evertere+, by digging up and
tearing up what is fastened in the ground, in opp. to _fundare_, Plin.
Pan. 34. Cic. Acad. iv. 10. Fin. ii. 25. Verr. iii. 18. Pis. 35;
+pervertere+, by pushing down what stands fast; +subvertere+, by
secretly digging under, and withdrawing the basis. Cic. Pis. 24.
Provincia tibi ista manupretium fuerit non _eversæ_ per te sed _perditæ_
civitatis. Ad. Att. v. 16.
PERDERE, see _Amittere_.
PEREGRINARI, s. _Proficisci_.
PEREGRINUS, s. _Externus_.
PEREMTOR, see _Homicida_.
PERFERRE, see _Ferre_.
PERFICERE, see _Finire_.
PERFIDIOSUS, PERFIDUS, see _Fidus_.
PERFUGA; TRANSFUGA; PROFUGUS; FUGITIVUS; EXTORRIS; EXUL; PERFUGIUM;
SUFFUGIUM; REFUGIUM. 1. +Perfuga+ and +transfuga+ denote the deserter
who flees from one party to another, like #automolos#; but the +perfuga+
goes over as a delinquent, who betrays his party; the +transfuga+, as a
waverer, who changes and forsakes his party; whereas +profugus+ and
+fugitivus+ denote the fugitive, who forsakes his abode, but +profugus+
is the unfortunate man, who is obliged to forsake his home, and, like a
banished man, wanders in the wide world, like #phugas#; +fugitivus+, the
guilty person, who flees from his duty, his post, his prison, his
master, like #drapetês#. The +perfuga+ and +transfuga+ are generally
thought of as soldiers; the +profugus+, as a citizen; the +fugitivus+,
as a slave. Liv. xxx. 43. De _perfugis_ gravius quam de _fugitivis_
consultum. 2. +Perfugium+ is an open secure place of shelter in serious
dangers; +suffugium+, if not a secret, is at least an occasional and
temporary place of shelter from inconveniences; +refugium+ is a place of
shelter prepared, or at least thought of beforehand in case of a
retreat. 3. +Profugus+ denotes a merely physical state, something like
fugitive; +extorris+, a political state, like homeless, or without a
country; +exul+, a juridical state, like banished. The +extorris+
suffers a misfortune, as not being able to remain in his native land;
the +exul+, a punishment, as not being allowed. Appul. Met. v. p. 101.
_Extorres_ et . . . velut _exulantes_. (iv. 239.)
PERICLITARI, PERICULUM, see _Tentare_.
PERIMERE, see _Interficere_.
PERIRE, see _Mors_.
PERLUCIDUS; PELLUCIDUS; PERLEGERE; PELLEGERE; PERLICERE; PELLICERE;
PERJURARE; PEJERARE. 1. +Perlucidus+ means very bright, whereas
+pellucidus+, transparent. Cic. Civ. i. 57. 2. +Perlegere+ means to read
through, that is, from beginning to end; whereas +pellegere+, to read
over, that is, not to leave unread. Plaut. Pseud. i. 1. 3. +Perlicere+
means completely to inveigle, Liv. iv. 15. Tac. Ann. xiii. 48; whereas
+pellicere+, to lead astray. 4. +Perjurare+ means to swear falsely;
+pejerare+, to violate an oath. (ii. 82.)
PERMITTERE, see _Concedere_ and _Fidere_.
PERNEGARE, see _Negare_.
PERNICIES, see _Lues_.
PERNIX, see _Citus_.
PERPERAM; FALSO; FALSE; FALLACITER. 1. +Perperam+ (redupl. of #para#)
denotes that which is not true, objectively, with reference to the
object, as incorrect; whereas +falso+, subjectively, in reference to the
person, as mistaken. 2. +Falso agere+ has its foundation in error and
self-deceit; whereas +false+ and +fallaciter+ happens against better
knowledge and conscience; +false+, through fear and weakness of
character; +fallaciter+, like deceitfully, with the wicked intention of
deceiving and betraying. Comp. Tac. Ann. i. 1. Tiberii res . . . ob
metum _false_ compositæ sunt, according to Wolf's reading; comp. with
Germ. 36. Inter impotentes et validos _falso_ quiescas. 3. The adjective
+falsus+ combines the notions of _falso_ and of the participle _falsus_,
and is distinguished only from _fallax_. Cic. Phil. xii. 2. Spes _falsa_
et _fallax_. Tac. Ann. xvi. 33. Specie bonarum _falsos_ et amicitiæ
_fallaces_. (i. 66.)
PERPETI, see _Ferre_.
PERPETUUS, see _Continuus_.
PERQUAM; VALDE; ADMODUM; MAGNOPERE. +Perquam+ means, in an extraordinary
degree, with an indication of astonishment on the part of the speaker;
whereas +valde+, very, +admodum+, tolerably, and +multum+, are a simple
and quiet enhancing of the attributive, or of the verb; +magnopere+,
only of the verb. (v. 262.)
PERSEVERANTIA, see _Pervicacia_.
PERSONA, see _Larva_.
PERTINACIA, see _Pervicacia_.
PERVERTERE, see _Vertere_ and _Perdere_.
PERVICACIA; PERSEVERANTIA; PERTINACIA; CONTUMACIA; DESTINATIO;
OBSTINATIO. 1. +Pervicacia+ and +perseverantia+ denote adherence to what
is once resolved upon as a virtue; +pervicacia+ (from vincere? vigere?)
has its foundation in natural energy of disposition; +perseverantia+, in
earnestness of character, formed by cultivation; whereas +pertinacia+
and +contumacia+ as a fault; +pertinacia+ has its foundation in a
stiff-necked adherence to what is once resolved upon, like obstinacy and
stubbornness, in opp. to condescension; +contumacia+ (from temere,
contemnere) in a haughty maintenance of one's free-will, even against
proper and legitimate superiority,[3] like insolence and refractoriness,
in opp. to complaisance, _obsequium_. Tac. Ann. iv. 20. Hist. iv. 74.
Accius apud Non. Tu _pertinacem_ esse, Antiloche, hanc prædicas, ego
_pervicaciam_ esse aio et a me uti volo, etc. Cic. inv. ii. 54.
Unicuique virtuti finitimum vitium reperietur, ut _pertinacia_, quæ
finitima _perseverantiæ_ est: comp. with Balb. 27. Marc. 10.
2. +Pervicacia+, etc. denote persisting in a resolution once made;
+destinatio+ and +obstinatio+ are more immediately connected with the
making of the resolution; +destinatio+, the making of an unalterable
resolution, decidedness; +obstinatio+, adhering to it in spite of
insurmountable obstacles and reasonable remonstrances, obstinacy.
(iv. 176.)
[Footnote 3: [But, adhibere _liberam_ contumaciam. Cic. Tus.
1, 29.]]
PESSULUS, see _Sera_.
PESSUMDARE, see _Perdere_.
PESTILENTIA, PESTIS, see _Lues_.
PETERE; ROGARE; POSTULARE; EXIGERE; POSCERE; FLAGITARE. 1. +Petere+ and
+rogare+ are the most general expressions for asking any thing, whether
as a request or as a demand, and stand therefore in the middle between
+poscere+ and +orare+, yet somewhat nearer to a request; +petere+ (from
#pothein#) generally refers to the object which is wished for; whereas
+rogare+ to the person who is applied to; hence we say, _petere aliquid
ab aliquo_, but _rogare aliquem aliquid_. Cic. Verr. * * Iste _petit_ a
rege, et cum pluribus verbis _rogat_, uti ad se mittat. Planc. 10, 25.
Phil. ii. 30. Fam. ix. 8. and ii. 6. Ne id quod _petat_, exigere magis
quam _rogare_ videatur. Pseudoquintil. Decl. 286. Curt. iv. 1, 8.
2. +Postulare+ and +exigere+ denote simply a demand, without any
enhancing accessory notion, as a quiet utterance of the will;
+postulare+ (diminutive of #pothos#) more as a wish and will; +exigere+,
more as a just claim; whereas +poscere+ and +flagitare+, as an energetic
demand; +poscere+ (from #pothos#) with decision, with a feeling of right
or power; +flagitare+, with importunity, in consequence of a passionate
and impatient eagerness. Tac. Hist. ii. 39. Othone per literas
_flagitante_ ut maturarent, militibus ut imperator pugnæ adesset
_poscentibus_; plerique copias trans Padum agentes acciri _postulabant_.
Cic. Verr. iii. 34. Incipiunt _postulare, poscere_, minari. Planc. 19.
_Poscere_ atque etiam flagitare crimen. Legg. i. 5. _Postulatur_ a te
jamdiu vel _flagitatur_ potius historia. (v. 230.)
PETRA, see _Saxum_.
PETULANS; PROCAX; PROTERVUS; LASCIVUS. The +petulans+ (#spatalôn#) sins
against _modestia_ through wantonness, raillery, and needless attack;
the +procax+, through importunity and boisterous forwardness; the
+protervus+ (from proterere? or #taraxai#?) from impetuosity and haughty
recklessness; the +lascivus+, through unrestrained frolicksomeness and
inclination for play. Hence +petulantia+ has its foundation in aversion
to rest and quietness, or in the love of mischief; +procacitas+, in
assurance or complete impudence; +protervitas+, in a feeling of
strength, or in insolence; +lascivia+, in high spirits, or the want of
seriousness. (iii. 40.)
PIETAS, see _Diligere_.
PIGET; TÆDET; POENITET. +Piget+ (from #pachus#) means, what one can
neither do nor suffer, in general terms; +tædet+ (from tardus?) what one
can no longer do or suffer; +poenitet+, what one would fain never have
done or suffered. (vi. 269.)
PIGRITIA, see _Ignavia_.
PILUM, see _Missile_.
PILUS, see _Crinis_.
PINGUIS; OPIMUS; OBESUS; CORPULENTUS. 1. +Pinguis+ (#pachus#, #panchu#,)
denotes fat, indifferently, or, on its dark side, as that component part
of the body that is most without sensation and strength; thence,
figuratively, sluggish: whereas +opimus+ (from #pimelês#) on its bright
side, as a sign of plenty and good living; thence, figuratively,
opulent. 2. +Obesus+ denotes fatness, on its dark side, with reference
to the unwieldiness connected with it, in opp. to _gracilis_, Cels.
i. 3. ii. 1. Suet. Dom. 18; whereas +corpulentus+, on its bright side,
with reference to the portliness connected with it. (v. 222.)
PINNA, see _Ala_.
PIRATA, see _Præda_.
PLACIDUS, see _Mitis_.
PLAGA, see _Locus_, _Rete_, and _Vulnus_.
PLANCÆ, see _Axis_.
PLANE; OMNINO; PRORSUS; PENITUS; UTIQUE. +Plane+ means completely, in
opp. to _pæne_, Cic. Brut. 97, 33; or _vix_, Att. xi. 9; +omnino+,
altogether and generally, in opp. to partly, in some instances, with
some exceptions; in opp. also to _magna ex parte_, Cic. Tusc. i. 1. Fam.
ix. 15, or _separatim_, Plin. Ep. viii. 7, #holôs#; +prorsus+, exactly,
in opp. to in some measure, or almost; +penitus+, thoroughly, deeply, in
opp. to in a certain degree, or superficially, #pantôs#; +utique+
[related to _utcunque_, as _quisque_ to _quicunque_: opp. _neutiquam_],
at any rate, in opp. to at all events, or _perhaps_ #hopôsdêpote#.
(v. 260.)
PLANUS, see _Æquus_.
PLERIQUE; PLURIMI. +Plerique+ means a great many, in an absolute sense;
+plurimi+, most, in a superlative sense. Tac. Ann. xiii. 27. _Plurimis_
equitum, _plerisque_ senatorum non aliunde originem trahi. (vi. 273.)
PLORARE, see _Lacrimare_.
PLUMA, see _Ala_.
PLURIMI, see _Plerique_.
PLUVIA; IMBER; NIMBUS. +Pluvia+ (from #pleusai#) denotes rain as a
beneficial natural phenomenon, which, as it falls on the land, the
thirsty ground absorbs, like #huetos#; +imber+ and +nimbus+ involve the
notion of an unfriendly phenomenon, which, falling in a particular
district, disperses the fine weather; +imber+ (#ombros#, from #murô#) so
far as the rain is attended by cold and stormy weather; +nimbus+ (from
_nivere_, #nipha#, #niptô#) so far as it is attended with cloudy
weather. (ii. 88.)
POCULUM; CALIX; SCYPHUS; SIMPUVIUM; CYATHUS; CRATER. 1. +Poculum+ and
+calix+ denote, as old Latin words, any sort of drinking vessel, merely
with reference to its use; +poculum+, a usual cup for meals; +calix+, a
rarer chalice, or goblet, for feasts; whereas +scyphus+, +cantharus+,
+cymbium+, +culigna+, are foreign words, of Greek origin, denoting
particular sorts of cups, with reference to their form. 2. +Poculum+,
etc. all serve as drinking cups; whereas the old Roman word +simpuvium+,
and the modern +cyathus+, are ladles to fill the _pocula_ from the
_crater_, as with the punch-ladle we fill the punch-glasses from the
punch-bowl. (v. 318.)
POEMA, see _Canere_.
POENA, see _Vindicta_.
POENITET, see _Piget_.
POETA, see _Canere_.
POLLERE, see _Posse_.
POLLICERI; PROMITTERE; SPONDERE; RECIPERE. +Polliceri+ (from pro and
loqui, #lakein#) means to promise, generally from a free impulse, and as
an act of obliging courtesy, like #epangellesthai#; +promittere+, to
promise, generally, at the request of another, as an act of agreement,
and in reference to the fulfilment of the promise, like
#hupischneisthai#; +spondere+ and +despondere+ (#meta spondôn#) to
promise in a solemn manner, as the consequence of a stipulation with
judicially binding strength, as to pledge one's self, #enguan#;
+recipere+, to take upon one's self, and pass one's word of honor, as an
act of generosity, inasmuch as one sets at ease the mind of a person in
trouble, like #anadechesthai#. The _pollicens_ makes agreeable offers,
the _promittens_ opens secure prospects; the _spondens_ gives legal
security; the _recipiens_ removes anxiety from another. Cic. Att.
xiii. 1. Quoniam de æstate _polliceris_ vel potius _recipis_; for the
_pollicens_ only engages his good-will, the _recipiens_ undertakes to
answer for consequences. Sen. Ep. 19; Jam non _promittunt_ de te, sed
_spondent_. Cic. Fam. vii. 5. Neque minus ei prolixe de tua voluntate
_promisi_, quam eram solitus de mea _polliceri_; for with regard to
Trebatius, Cicero could only express his hope, with regard to himself he
could actually promise. (iv. 109.)
POLLUERE, s. _Contaminare_.
POMPA, see _Funus_.
PONDO, see _Libra_.
PONDUS, see _Moles_.
PONTUS, see _Mare_.
POPINA, s. _Deversorium_.
POPULARI, see _Vastare_.
POPULUS, see _Gens_.
PORCA; SULCUS; LIRA. +Porca+ (from #sparaxai#) is the ridge between two
furrows, the soil thrown up; +sulcus+ (#holkos#) the furrow itself, the
trench made by the plough; +lira+ (#lechrios#?) sometimes one, sometimes
the other. (vi. 277.)
PORCUS, see _Sus_.
PORTARE, see _Ferre_.
PORTENTA, see _Auguria_.
PORTIO, see _Pars_.
POSCERE, see _Petere_.
POSSE; QUIRE; VALERE; POLLERE. 1. +Posse+ and +quire+ were originally
transitive; +posse+ (from #potnios#) denotes being able, as a
consequence of power and strength, like #dunasthai#; +quire+ (#koein#)
as the consequence of complete qualification, like #hoion t' einai#.
Cic. Tusc. ii. 27. Barbari ferro decertare acerrime _possunt_, viriliter
ægrotare non _queunt_; whereas +valere+ and +pollere+ are intransitive.
Hence we say, _possum_ or _queo vincere_, but _valeo_ or _polleo ad
vincendum_. 2. +Valere+ (from #helein#) means to possess the right
measure of strength, and thereby to match another, in opp. to
insufficient strength, like #sthenein#; whereas +pollere+ (#pollos#)
means to have very considerable strength and means, and thereby to
distinguish one's self from others, in opp. to an ordinary degree of
strength, like #ischuein#. iv. (160.)
POSSIDERE, see _Tenere_.
POSTERITAS, see _Stirps_.
POSTREMUS, see _Extremus_.
POSTULARE, see _Petere_.
POTARE, see _Bibere_.