OBAMBULARE, see _Ambulare_.
OBEDIRE, see _Parere_.
OBESUS, see _Pinguis_.
OBEX, see _Sera_.
OBJICERE; EXPROBRARE. +Objicere+ means to charge a person with
something, from which he must vindicate himself as against an
accusation; whereas +exprobrare+ means to upbraid a person with
something, which he must let remain as it is. The _objiciens_ will call
a person to account; the _exprobrans_ only put him to the blush.
(iv. 198.)
OBITUS, see _Mors_.
OBLECTATIO; DELECTATIO. +Oblectatio+ (from #alegein#?) is a pleasant
occupation, conversation, amusement, which disperses ennui, and confers
a relative pleasure; whereas +delectatio+ is a real delight, which
procures positive enjoyment, and confers absolute pleasure. Cic. Orat.
i. 26. In iis artibus, in quibus non utilitas quæritur necessaria, sed
animi libera quædam _oblectatio_. And Ep. Q. Fr. ii. 14. Satis commode
me _oblectabam_: comp. with Fam. ix. 24. Magna te _delectatione_ et
voluptate privavisti. Or, Suet. Dom. 21. with Aug. 29. Plin. Ep. iv. 14.
with iv. 8. (v. 10.)
OBLIGARE, see _Ligare_.
OBLIQUUS, see _Transversus_.
OBLITUS, see _Delibutus_.
OBSCURUM; TENEBRÆ; CALIGO; TENEBRICOSUS; OPACUS; UMBROSUS. 1. +Obscurum+
(#skoteron#) denotes darkness as an obstruction of light, like #skotos#
in opp. to _illustre_. Auct. ad Her. iii. 19, 32. Plin. Pan. 69; whereas
+tenebræ+ (#dnopherai#) as the absence of light,) like #zophos#,
#knephas#,) in opp. to _lux_. Cic. Ep. ad Q. Fr. i. 2; lastly, +caligo+
(from celare) as the positive opposite to light and brightness, like
#achlus#. +Caligo+ denotes a greater degree of darkness than _tenebræ_;
+tenebræ+ than _obscuritas_; +obscuritas+ than _opacum_ and _umbrosum_.
Cic. Acad. iv. 23, 72. Sensus quidem non _obscuros_ facit sed
_tenebricosos_. Plin. Ep. vii. 21. Cubicula obductis velis _opaca_, nec
tamen _obscura_ facio. Tac. H. ii. 32. Senatum et populum nunquam
_obscurari_ nomina, etsi aliquando _obumbrentur_. Hence, figuratively,
+obscurus+ denotes only an insignificant person, of whom nobody takes
notice; whereas +tenebricosus+ something positively bad, which seeks
darkness that it may remain unobserved. 2. +Opacus+ denotes shady, with
reference to a pleasant and beneficial coolness, in opp. to _apertus_
and _apricus_, like #euskios#; whereas +umbrosus+ (umbra, #amauros#,)
implies a depth of shade approaching to darkness, like #skioeis#.
(iii. 168.)
OBSECRARE, see _Rogare_.
OBSECUNDARE and OBSEQUI, see _Parere_.
OBSERVARE, see _Vereri_.
OBSTINARE, s. _Destinare_.
OBSTINATIO, s. _Pervicacia_.
OBSTRINGERE, s. _Ligare_.
OBTEMPERARE, see _Parere_.
OBTESTARI, see _Rogare_.
OBTINGERE, see _Accidere_.
OBTRECTATIO, s. _Invidia_.
OBTRUNCARE, s. _Interficere_.
OBTUTUS, see _Invidia_.
OBVENIRE, see _Accidere_.
OCCASIO; OPPORTUNITAS; POTESTAS; COPIA; FACULTAS. +Occasio+ and
+opportunitas+ are the opportunities which fortune and chance offer;
+occasio+, the opportunity to undertake something in a general sense,
like #kairos#; +opportunitas+, the opportunity to undertake something
with facility and the probability of success, like #eukairia#; whereas
+potestas+ and +copia+ are opportunities offered by men, and through
their complaisance; +potestas+ denotes the possibility of doing
something with legal authority; +copia+ the possibility of doing
something with convenience; lastly, +facultas+, as the most general
expression, the possibility to do something in a general sense.
OCCIDERE, see _Interficere_.
OCCULERE, OCCULTARE and OCCULTE, see _Celare_.
OCULI, see _Facies_.
ODIUM; INVIDIA; INIMICITIA; SIMULTAS. 1. +Odium+ and +invidia+ denote
the feeling of aversion; +inimicitia+ and +simultas+, the exterior state
arising from this feeling. 2. +Invidia+ has a negative character, like
disaffection, like #dusnoia#, and is a temporary feeling, in opp. to
_gratia_ or _favor_; whereas +odium+ (from #odusasthai#) has a character
thoroughly positive, like hatred, #misos#, and is a deep-rooted feeling,
in opp. to _amor_. Plin. Pan. 68, 7. Hence, +invidia+ is the beginning
of _odium_. +Invidia+ has merely persons; +odium+, persons and things
for its objects. Tac. Ann. ii. 56. Armenii . . . sæpius discordes sunt,
adversus Romanos _odio_, et in Parthum _invidia_. xiii. 15. Nero
intellecta _invidia odium_ intendit. Plin. Pan. 84, 2. Exardescit
_invidia_, cujus finis est _odium_. 3. +Inimicitia+ denotes any enmity
which has its foundation in antipathy or disagreement, like #dusmeneia#,
#echthra#; whereas +simultas+ (#homalotês#) denotes a political enmity,
which has its foundation in rivalship, like #philoneikia#. Suet. Vesp.
6. _Simultas_ quam ex æmulatione non obscuræ gerebant. (iii. 73.)
ODORARI, ODORUS, see _Olere_.
OFFENDERE, see _Lædere_.
OFFENSIO, see _Contumelia_.
OFFICIUM; MUNUS. +Officium+ means an employment, as imposing a moral
obligation, undertaken from conscientious feelings; +munus+, as imposing
a political obligation, undertaken merely as a charge or office. Cic.
Mur. 35. Hæc sunt _officia_ necessariorum, commoda tenuiorum, _munia_
candidatorum. (v. 352.)
OLERE; OLFACERE; FRAGRARE; ODORARI; OLIDUS; ODORUS; REDOLERE; PEROLERE.
1. +Odor+ and +olere+ (#odôda#) denote, objectively, the smell which a
thing has in itself, in opp. to _sapor_, etc., like #osmê#; whereas
+olfactus+ and +olfacere+ denote, subjectively, the sensation caused by
this smell, or the sense of smell, in opp. to _gustus_, etc., like
#osphrêsis#. 2. +Olere+ means to smell, in opp. to being without smell,
and especially denotes a rank and bad smell; whereas +fragrare+ (from
#brechein#) denotes a good smell. +Redolere+ and +perolere+ are used as
frequentatives; +redolere+ denotes a strong smell in an indifferent
sense; +perolere+, a penetrating smell, in a bad sense. 3. +Olfactus+ is
a smell, as far as it is an involuntary effect of the sense of smell;
+odoratus+, as far as it is an intentional exertion of that sense.
4. +Olfacere+, to smell, is of a passive nature, like _audire_, the
smell mounting up to the nose of itself; +odorari+, to smell at, to
sniff, #rhinêlatein#, is of an active nature, like _auscultare_, the man
drawing up the smell into his nose of himself. _Olfaciens_ sentit
odorem, _odorans_ captat. 5. +Olidus+ denotes smelling, and particularly
with a bad smell; +odorus+, with a good smell. Hence, +bene olidus+
denotes merely the negative of a stench; +odorus+, a positive good
smell; and the antiquated word +olor+ denoted a stench, like _oletum_;
but +odor+ denotes only a smell. (iii. 131.)
OLETUM, see _Lutum_.
OLFACERE, OLIDUS, see _Olere_.
OMINA, see _Auguria_.
OMITTERE, see _Intermittere_, _Mittere_, and _Relinquere_.
OMNES, see _Quisque_.
OMNINO, see _Plane_.
ONUS, see _Moles_.
OPACUS, see _Obscurum_.
OPEM FERRE, see _Auxilium_.
OPERA; LABOR; INDUSTRIA; GNAVITAS; ASSIDUITAS; DILIGENTIA. 1. +Opera+
(from #peran#, #prassein#,) denotes activity without intense exertion,
as merely doing, or turning one's hand to, something, in opp. to
momentary inactivity; and also in opp. to thinking, speaking, advising,
like #ergasia#; whereas +labor+ denotes strenuous exertion, which is
followed by fatigue, labor, in opp. to pleasure, like #ponos#. Plaut.
Aul. iii. 3. 7. _Opera_ huc est conducta vestra, non oratio: comp. with
Bacch. iii. 6, 11. Cic. Rep. i. 9. Otiosiorem _opera_ quam animo. Liv.
xxii. 22. Ut _opera_ quoque impensa consilium adjuvem meum. And Liv.
v. 4. _Labor_ voluptasque dissimillima natura, societate quadam naturali
inter se sunt conjuncta: comp. with Cic. Mur. 35. Plin. Ep. ix. 10.
Senec. Tranq. 2. 2. +Industria+, +gnavitas+, and +sedulitas+, denote
activity as an habitual quality, in opp. to the love of idleness;
+industria+, of an elevated sort, the impulse to activity that animates
the hero or the statesman, in opp. to _ignavia_, _gnavitas_
(#gennaiotês#) of a useful sort, the diligence of ordinary men, and of
the industrious citizen; +sedulitas+ (sine dolore) an activity that
shows itself in small matters, often even of a comic sort, the
indefatigable bustling of the busy housewife, of the good-natured nurse,
of any one who pays officious court to another. Colum. xii. præf. 8. Ut
cum forensibus negotiis matronalis _sedulitas industriæ_ rationem parem
faceret. 3. +Assiduitas+ and +diligentia+ denote industry; +assiduitas+
(from sedere) like #sunecheia#, more in an extensive sense with
continued and uninterrupted efforts; +diligentia+, (#alegein#) more in
an intensive sense, with careful and close application, in order to
attain the end of one's industry. 4. +Studium+ denotes inclination and
love towards the object of one's industry, and an inward impulse.
(i. 111.)
OPERÆ, see _Mercenarii_.
OPES, see _Divitiæ_.
OPIFEX, see _Faber_.
OPIMUS, see _Pinguis_.
OPINARI, see _Censere_.
OPINIO, see _Sententia_.
OPITULARI, see _Auxilium_.
OPORTET, see _Necesse est_.
OPPERIRI, see _Manere_.
OPPETERE, see _Mors_.
OPPORTUNITAS, s. _Occasio_.
OPPRIMERE, s. _Vincere_.
OPPROBRIUM, s. _Ignominia_.
OPTARE, see _Velle_.
OPTIMATES, see _Primores_.
OPULENTIA, see _Divitiæ_.
OPUS EST, see _Necesse est_.
OPUS, see _Agere_.
ORA, see _Margo_ and _Ripa_.
ORARE, see _Rogare_.
ORATIO, see _Sermo_.
ORBIS; CIRCULUS; GYRUS. +Orbis+ (from #rhaibos#) denotes a circular
motion, and the periphery described by it; whereas +circulus+ denotes a
circular level; lastly, +gyrus+ (from #guros#) a curved, and especially
a serpentine line. The phrase _in orbem consistere_ could not be changed
into _in circulum_, and a limited social circle, _circulus_, could not
be expressed by _orbis_. Tac. G. 6. Equi nec variare _gyros_ nostrum in
modum docentur; in rectum aut uno flexu dextros agunt, ita conjuncto
_orbe_ ut nemo posterior sit. (v. 182.)
ORDIRI, see _Incipere_.
ORDO, see _Series_.
OREÆ, see _Frenum_.
ORNARE, see _Comere_.
ORNATUS, see _Præditus_.
OS, see _Facies_.
OSCULUM; SUAVIUM; BASIUM. +Osculum+ is a friendly; +suavium+, a tender;
+basium+, an ardent kiss. (vi. 251.)
OSTENDERE; MONSTRARE; DECLARARE. +Ostendere+ means to show, as far as
one makes something observable, lets it be seen, and does not keep it
secret, like #phênai#, #emphanisai#; +monstrare+ (intensive from
#manthanein#) means to show, as far as one imparts information thereby;
lastly, +declarare+, to make evident, as far as one makes a thing clear,
and dispels doubt, like #dêlôsai#.
OSTENTA, see _Auguria_.
OSTENTATIO, see _Jactatio_.
OSTIUM; JANUA; FORES; VALVÆ. +Ostium+ and +janua+ denote the door, as
the opening through which one goes in and out; +ostium+, as the most
general expression for any door, like #thura#; +janua+, as a particular
expression only for a house-door; whereas +fores+ and +valvæ+ denote the
leaves of a door, which serve to close the opening; +fores+, of ordinary
doors, like #thurides#; +valvæ+, of stately buildings and temples, as
double or folding doors. Tac. Ann. xiv. 8. Anicetus refracta _janua_
obvios servorum adripit, donec ad _fores_ cubiculi veniret. (v. 214.)
OTIARI, see _Vacare_.
OTIUM; PAX; CONCORDIA. +Otium+ (#ausios#, #autôs#,) denotes quiet times
in general, as a species of _pax_ (#pêxai#), with reference to foreign
relations; +concordia+, with reference to internal relations. (v. 246.)