NANCISCI, see _Invenire_.
NARES, see _Nasus_.
NASUS; NARES. +Nasus+ is the exterior of the nose, as a prominent part
of the face, like #rhin#; +nares+ (#naros#) the interior of the nose, as
the organ of smell, like #muktêres#. (vi. 231.).
NATIO, see _Gens_.
NAVIGIUM; NAVIS; CELOX; LEMBUS; LIBURNA; SCAPHA; CYMBA; LINTER.
+Navigium+ is the most general expression, like vessel; +navis+ (#naus#)
an ordinary ship for distant voyages; +celox+, +lembus+, and +liburna+,
are boats which may be manned and armed for service in war; +scapha+,
+cymba+, and +linter+, are only skiffs and wherries, intended merely for
short distances and for crossing over; +scapha+ and +cymba+, of the
broader sort, in the form of small barges; +linter+, long and narrow,
like a canoe. (vi. 232.)
NECESSARIUS; PROPINQUUS; COGNATUS; CONSANGUINEUS; AFFINIS.
1. +Necessarius+ means any one to whom one is bound by a permanent
connection, whether of an official kind, as _collega_, _patronus_,
_cliens_, or of a private nature, as _familiaris_, _amicus_, like
#prosêkontes#; +propinquus+, any one to whom one is bound by a family
connection, a relation, like #anchisteis# and #etai#, as a species of
_cognatus_ and _consanguineus_, related by blood; +affinis+, a relation
by marriage, or in law, like #kêdestês#. 2. +Cognatio+ is the
relationship by blood existing among members of the same family, like
#sunaimos#; +consanguinitas+, the relationship of nations by derivation
from a common origin, like #sungenês#. Cæs. B. G. vii. 32. Hominem summæ
potentiæ et magnæ _cognationis_: comp. with i. 11. Ambarri necessarii et
_consanguinei_ Æquorum. Liv. vii. 9. Suet. Cl. 25. Justin, xviii. 5.
(v. 179.)
NECESSE EST; OPORTET; OPUS EST; DEBERE. 1. +Necesse est+ (#anankazô#)
denotes an obligation of nature and necessity, like #anankê estin#;
+oportet+, an obligation of morality and of honor, like #chrê#; +opus
est+ (#pothos#, optare?) an obligation of prudence, like #dei#. Cic.
Orat. ii. 25. Jure omnia defenduntur quæ sunt ejus generis, ut aut
_oportuerit_ aut licuerit aut _necesse fuerit_. Att. iv. 6. Si loquor de
republica quod _oportet_, insanus; si, quod _opus est_, servus
existimor. And xiii. 25. Cat. ap. Sen. Ep. 94. Emo non quod _opus est_,
sed quod _necesse est_; quod non _opus est_, asse carum est. And Cic.
Or. ii. 43. 2. +Oportet+ denotes objectively, the moral claim which is
made upon any man; +debere+ (#deuesthai#, #dein#? or, dehibere?)
subjectively, the moral obligation which any man is under, like
#opheilein#. Tac. Hist. iv. 7. Accusatores etiamsi puniri non
_oporteat_, ostentari non _debere_. (v. 323.)
NECTERE, see _Ligare_.
NEFANDUS, NEFARIUS, see _Scelestus_.
NEFASTUS, see _Delictum_.
NEGARE; INFITIARI; INFITIAS IRE; DENEGARE; PERNEGARE; RECUSARE; ABNUERE;
RENUERE; REPUDIARE. 1. +Negare+ means to deny, from objective motives,
when a man has, or professes to have, the truth in view, like
#apophanai#, #ou phanai#; whereas +infiteri+, +infitiari+, and +infitias
ire+, mean to disown from subjective motives, when personal interest is
in some way implicated, like #arneisthai#. 2. +Infiteri+ is an obsolete
expression; +infitiari+ (#ana-phatizein#,) the usual and general
expression; +infitias+ (#amphasias#) +ire+ is only connected with a
negation, and answers to the phrase, not to assent to. 3. +Negatio+ is a
denial, merely conveying information to the hearer; +pernegatio+, or
+negitatio+, to convince him, when he is incredulous; +denegatio+, to
get rid of his importunity, when his request is useless. Martial, Ep.
iv. 82. _Negare_ jussi, _pernegare_ non jussi. Cic. Phil. xi. 8, 19. In
quo maximum nobis onus imposuit, assensero; ambitionem induxero in
curiam; _negaro_; videbor suffragio meo tanquam comitiis honorem
amicissimo _denegasse_. 4. +Negare+ supposes a question only, whether
actual or possible, which is denied; whereas +recusare+, a request which
is refused; hence +negare+ is a more general and mild expression than
_recusare_; for the _negans_ merely denies the possibility of granting
what he is asked or requested; whereas the _recusans_ also calls in
question the justice of the request, which he protests against as a
threat, or as an encroachment. Hence +negare+, +denegare+, are more used
in private transactions; +recusare+, in public affairs. 5. +Negare+ and
+recusare+ take place by means of words and speeches; +abnuere+ and
+renuere+, mostly by signs and gestures; +abnuere+, by waving a person
from one with the hand, like #aponeuô#; +renuere+, by drawing back the
head, like #ananeuô#. 6. +Abnuere+ is a more friendly, +renuere+ a
haughtier manner of denying. 7. +Recusare+ refers to an object which is
considered as a burden, and claims resignation, in opp. to _suscipere_,
Suet. Ner. 3; whereas +repudiare+ (from repedare?) refers to an object
which is considered as a good, and promises profit or pleasure, in opp.
to _assumere_. Cic. Orat. 62. Cic. Fin. i. 10, 33. Sæpe eveniet ut et
voluptates _repudiandæ_ sint, et molestia non _recusanda_. (iv. 40.)
NEGLIGERE, see _Spernere_.
NEMUS, see _Silva_.
NEPOS, see _Prodigus_.
NEQUAQUAM, s. _Neutiquam_.
NEQUIDQUAM, see _Frustra_.
NEQUITIA, see _Malitia_.
NESCIUS, see _Cognitio_.
NEUTIQUAM; NEQUAQUAM; MINIME. +Neutiquam+ means, in no case, in opp. to
_utique_; +nequaquam+, by no means; +minime+, not in the least.
NEX, see _Mors_.
NIGER, see _Teter_ and _Ater_.
NIHIL AGERE, see _Vacare_.
NIHIL EST; NIHILI EST; NULLUS EST. +Nihil est+ denotes the entire want
of virtue and efficacy; as, he is good for nothing; whereas +nihili
est+, the entire want of value and usefulness, as he is of no use;
lastly, +nullus est+, the negation of existence in general, as it is all
over with him. (i. 56.)
NITERE, see _Lucere_.
NITI, see _Fulciri_.
NOBILIS, see _Celeber_.
NOCENS, see _Culpa_.
NOMINARE; NUNCUPARE; VOCARE; APPELLARE. +Nominare+ and +nuncupare+ mean,
to call anybody by his name; +nominare+, to call him by the name which
he already possesses; +nuncupare+, to give a name to an object that has
hitherto been without a name; whereas +appellare+ and +vocare+ mean to
designate a person by any name, title, or appellation belonging to him.
(v. 105.)
NONNUNQUAM; INTERDUM; ALIQUANDO. +Nonnunquam+, sometimes in opp. to
_nunquam_ and _semper_, approximates to the meaning of _sæpius_, like
#esth' hote#; +interdum+, at times, is in opp. to _crebro_, and
approximates to the meaning of _rarius_, like #eniote#; lastly,
+aliquando+, now and then, is in opp. to _semel_, and approximates to
the meaning of _prope nunquam_, like #pote#. The _interdum facta_
denotes actions repeated at considerable intervals of time; the
_nonnunquam facta_, actions repeated at shorter intervals; the
_aliquando facta_, actions repeated at very distant intervals of time.
Cic. Sext. 54. Comitiorum et concionum significationes _interdum_ veræ
sunt, _nonnunquam_ vitiatæ et corruptæ. And Acad. i. 7. Off. ii. 18.
Brut. 67. Mur. 30. (iv. 273.)
NOTARE, see _Animadvertere_.
NOTITIA, see _Cognitio_.
NOVISSIMUS, see _Extremus_.
NOVUS; RECENS; NOVICIUS. 1. +Novus+ means new, as that which did not
exist in former times, in opp. to _antiquus_, like #neos#; whereas
+recens+ (from candere) new, as one that has not long been in existence,
in opp. to _vetus_. Cic. Verr. ii. 2. Mur. 7. 16. Tusc. iv. 17. Tac.
Ann. ii. 88. iv. 12. Colum. vi. 12; like #kainos#. 2. +Novus+ denotes
new, indifferently; +novicius+ (from #neax#) with the accessory notion
of being a novice, who must accustom himself, or be instructed by
others, before he is qualified for something, in opp. to _vetustus_?
(iv. 95.)
NOXIA, NOXIUS, see _Culpa_.
NULLUS SUM, see _Nihil sum_.
NUMEN; DEUS; DIVUS; SEMO; HEROS. +Numen+ (#pneuma#) in a wider sense is
any divine being, like #daimôn#; in a narrower sense it is used as a
species of _Deus_, or ancient _Divus_, #theos#; and for _semideus_, a
half-god; or _semo_, a half-man; for which last, besides the foreign
word _heros_, _numen_ also is used. Plin. Pan. 2, 3. Nusquam ut _deo_,
nusquam ut _numini_ blandimur. (vi. 239.)
NUMMUS, see _Pecunia_.
NUNC-NUNC, see _Modo-modo_.
NUNCUPARE, see _Nominare_.
NUPER; MODO. +Nuper+ (#neon#, #peri#) means several days, months, also,
years since, lately, like #neôsti#; whereas +modo+, a few moments since,
just now, like #arti#. Cic. Verr. iv. 3, 6. _Nuper_ homines nobiles
ejusmodi; sed quid dico _nuper_? imo vero _modo_ ac plane paulo ante
vidimus. Tusc. i. 24. Quanta memoria fuit _nuper_ Charmadas! quanta qui
_modo_ fuit Scepsius Metrodorus!
NUPTIÆ, see _Conjugium_.
NUTARE, see _Labare_.
NUTRIRE, NUTRICARE, see _Alere_.