FOEMINA, see _Femina_.
FOENUS; USURA. +Foenus+ (from #phuô#, foetus,) denotes interest as the
produce of capital, like #tokos#; +usura+ denotes what is paid by the
debtor for the use of capital, like #danos#. (vi. 133.)
FOETUS; FOEDUS, see _Prægnans_.
FORES, see _Ostium_.
FORMA, see _Figura_.
FORMARE, see _Erudire_.
FORMIDO, see _Vereri_.
FORMOSUS; PULCHER; VENUSTUS. 1. +Formosus+ means beauty, as far as it
excites pleasure and delight by fineness of form; +pulchrum+, as far as
it excites admiration, is imposing, and satisfies the taste by its
perfectness; +venustum+, as far as by its charms it excites desire, and
captivates. +Formositas+ works on the natural sense of beauty;
+pulchritudo+, on the cultivated taste; +venustas+, on the more refined
sensuality. Suet. Ner. 51. Fuit vultu _pulchro_ magis quam _venusto_;
that is, it had perfect and regular beauty rather than pleasing
features, and possessed a cold, heartless sort of beauty, by which no
one felt attracted. Comp. Catull. lxxxvi. Hor. A. P. 99. Cic. Off.
i. 36. 2. +Venustas+, loveliness, is of higher import than _gratia_,
grace; the former transports, the latter only attracts. (iii. 29.)
FORS, see _Casus_.
FORTE, FORTUITO, FORTASSE, FORSITAN, see _Casu_.
FORTITUDO, see _Ferocia_.
FORTUNA, see _Casus_.
FORTUNATUS, see _Felix_.
FOVEA, see _Specus_.
FOVERE, see _Calere_.
FRAGOR; STREPITUS; CREPITUS; SONITUS. +Fragor+ (#spharagos#) is a
hollow, discordant sound, as crashing, like #doupos#; +strepitus+
(#threô#, #thorubê#?) a loud noisy sound, as roaring, bawling,
shrieking, like #ktupos#; +crepitus+ (from #krembalon#?) a single sound,
or the frequent repeating of the same sound, as clapping, like
#krousis#, #krotos#; +sonitus+ (#enosis#, #Enuô#) a sound consisting of
the vibrations of elastic bodies, as ringing, clinking, like #êchê#.
Cic. Top. 12. Quæruntur pedum _crepitus, strepitus_ hominum. (v. 117.)
FRAGRARE, see _Olere_.
FRANGERE; RUMPERE; DIVELLERE. 1. +Frangere+ (#rhêxai#? or #spharaxai#)
denotes to break to pieces what is hard; +rumpere+ (from #rhepô#,
#rhopalon#,) to rend to pieces what is flexible. Cato ap. Prisc. Si quis
membrum _rupit_, aut os _fregit_: for by breaking a limb, not the
invisible bones, but the visible flesh, is rent asunder. When, however,
+rumpere+ is applied to any thing hard, it involves the notion of
exertion employed, and of danger; the _frangens_ breaks to pieces what
is entire; the _rumpens_ rends to pieces what is obstructive.
2. +Disrumpere+ and +diffringere+ mean to rend to pieces, and break to
pieces, what was originally entire; whereas +divellere+ (#dielkein#) to
tear asunder what was at first joined together. (v. 321.)
FRAUDARE, see _Fallere_.
FRENUM; HABENA; OREÆ. 1. +Frenum+ (from #phraxai#?) is the bridle with
which the rider breaks the wild horse, like #chalinos#; whereas +habena+
(from hebes, #chabos#, #kampsai#,) the rein with which he turns the
obedient horse, like #hênion#. Hor. Ep. i. 15, 13. Læva stomachosus
_habena_ dicet eques; sed equi _frenato_ est auris in ore; that is, he
minds not the reins, and must feel the bit. Cic. Orat. i. 53. Senatum
servire populo, cui populus ipse moderandi et regendi sui potestatem
quasi quasdam _habenas_ tradidisset: comp. with Tac. Dial. 38. Pompeius
adstrinxit, imposuitque quasi _frenos_ eloquentiæ. 2. +Oreæ+, +aureæ+,
now only to be found in +auriga+, were, perhaps, the generic term of
_frenum_ and _habena_, like harness. (v. 137.)
FREQUENTER, see _Sæpe_.
FRETUS, see _Confisus_.
FRICARE, see _Lævis_.
FRIGERE; ALGERE; ALGIDUS; ALSUS; GELIDUS; FRIGUS; GELU; GLACIES.
+Frigere+ (#phrixai#) means to be cold, in opp. to _calere_, Cic. Fam.
viii. 8. Auct. Her. iv. 15. Sen. Ir. ii. 18; whereas +algere+ (#algein#)
means to feel cold, in opp. to _æstuare_. Cic. Tusc. ii. 14, 34. Sen.
Ir. iii. 12. Plin. H. N. xvii. 26. 2. +Algidus+ denotes cold, as an
unpleasant chill; +alsus+, as a refreshing coolness. 3. +Frigidus+
denotes a moderate degree of coldness, in opp. to _calidus_; whereas
+gelidus+ means on the point of freezing, in opp. to _fervidus_.
4. +Frigus+ denotes, objectively, cold in itself, which attacks a man,
and leaves him; whereas +frigedo+ denotes cold, subjectively, as the
state of a man attacked by cold, which begins and ends; it is an
antiquated word which has become obsolete by the general use of
_frigus_. 5. +Gelu+, +gelus+, +gelum+, (#gloia#) denote, like #kruos#,
cold that produces ice; +gelicidium+, like #krumos#, a single attack of
frost, a frosty night; and +glacies+, like #krustallos#, its effect,
ice. (iii. 89.)
FRUCTUOSUS, see _Foecundus_.
FRUGI, see _Bonus_.
FRUGIFER, see _Foecundus_.
FRUI, FRUNISCI, see _Uti_.
FRUSTRA; NEQUIDQUAM; INCASSUM; IRRITUS. 1. +Frustra+ (from #psuthos#)
means in vain, with reference to the subject, whose expectation and
calculations have been disappointed; whereas +nequidquam+ (that is, in
nequidquam, in nihil), to no purpose, refers to the nullity in which the
thing has ended. 2. Hence +frustra+, used adjectively, refers to the
person; whereas +irritus+, the actual adjective, refers to the thing.
3. +Frustra+ and +nequidquam+ denote merely a failure, without imputing
a fault, like #matên#; whereas +incassum+ involves the accessory notion
of a want of consideration, by which the failure might have been
calculated upon, and foreseen, as in attempting any thing manifestly or
proverbially impossible, #eis kenon#. (iii. 100.)
FRUSTRARI, see _Fallere_.
FRUTICETUM, see _Rami_.
FUGITIVUS, see _Perfuga_.
FULCIRI; NITI. +Fulciri+, +fultus+ (#phulaxai#) means to prop one's self
up in order to be secure against falling, generally by leaning against a
pillar, etc.; whereas +niti+, +nixus+, in order to climb a height, or to
get forward, generally by standing on a basis. (ii. 127.)
FULGUR; FULGURATIO; FULMEN. +Fulgur+, +fulgetrum+, and +fulguratio+,
denote the shining of the lightning in the horizon, like #astrapê#;
+fulgur+, as momentary and single flashes; +fulguratio+, as continued
and repeated; whereas +fulmen+ means the lightning that strikes the
earth, like #keraunos#. Liv. xl. 59. _Fulguribus_ præstringentibus aciem
oculorum, sed _fulmina_ etiam sic undique micabant, ut petit viderentur
corpora. Curt. viii. 4, 3. Ovid, Met. iii. 300. Cic. Divin. ii. 19.
Plin. H. N. ii. 43. Si in nube erumpat ardens, _fulmina_; si longiore
tractu nitatur _fulgetra_; his findi nubem, illis perrumpi. Sen. Q. N.
i. 1. (iii. 318.)
FUNALE, see _Fax_.
FUNDAMENTUM, FUNDUS, see _Solum_.
FUNDUS, see _Villa_.
FUNIS, see _Laqueus_.
FUNUS; EXSEQUIÆ; POMPA. +Funus+ (from #phoinos#, #pephnein#,) denotes
the mere carrying out of the corpse, like #ekphora#; whereas +exsequiæ+
and +pompa+ (#pompê#) denote the solemn procession; +exsequiæ+, of the
living, as relations and friends; +pompa+, of the inanimate, as the
images of ancestors, and other pageants. Cic. Quint. 15. _Funus_, quo
amici conveniunt ad _exsequias_ cohonestandas. And Plin. H. N. x. 43.
Flor. iii. 20. Nep. Att. 22. Elatus est in lecticula, sine ulla _funeris
pompa_, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia. And Cic.
Mil. 13. Tac. Ann. iii. 5. (iv. 408.)
FURARI, see _Demere_.
FUROR, see _Amens_.
FUSTIS; FERULA; SUDES; TRUDES; RUDIS; SCIPIO; BACULUS. 1. +Fustis+ and
+ferula+ denote sticks for striking; +sudes+, +trudes+, and +rudis+, for
thrusting; +scipio+ and +baculus+, for walking. 2. +Fustus+
(#ptorthos#?) is a cudgel or club, large enough to strike a man dead;
but +ferula+, a little stick, or rod for the chastisement of
school-boys; +sudes+ (#ozos#) and +trudes+ (#storthê#, the root of
Trüssel, a weapon called the Morning-star) [a sort of truncheon with a
spiked head], are used in battle; +rudis+ (#orsos#) only as a foil in
the fencing-school; +scipio+ (#skêpiôn#, #skêpsai#), serves especially
for ornament and state, as a symbol of superior power, or of the honor
due to age; +baculus+, +bacillum+ (#baktron#), serve more for use and
convenience to lean upon, and at the same time, when necessary, as a
weapon. (iii. 265.)