Grinding implements,

absence of, in palæolithic times, 649;

corn, mediæval litigation as to, 25;

corn in Ireland, 251;

maize, Kaffir mill for, 250

Grinding stones and whetstones, 261–271;

in interments, 83, 84;

fixed, not revolving, 43, 261;

Scandinavian, 43, 261

Grit, from mill-stones, teeth worn by, 253

Grooved hammers, 233–236;

sharpening stone from La Madelaine, 484

Grooves

worked on axes, 168, 169, 211, 212;

for hafting, on hammer stones, 233;

on rocks, due to sharpening tools, 262;

pebbles with, 271

Grottoes, funereal, 160

Ground-ice, formation of, 671

Guanches, obsidian knives used by the, 8

Guernsey, manufactory of arrow-heads in, 401

Gum, Australian implements hafted with, 97,137

Gun-flints, present manufacture of, 14, 18

Gutsmuths on ancient stone-boring, 49

Gutteridge, Mr. William, drift implement found by, 598

H

Habits of Palæolithic Period, 656–658

_Hâches à bouton_ and _à tête_, 135

Hacket, Mr., Indian quartzite implement found by, 651

Hacquet, M., on the manufacture of gun-flints, 18, 21

Hæmatite,

celts made of, 127;

hammer of, 219;

scraped, for personal decoration, 248, 263, 264, 312, 484;

sling bullets of, 418

Haft

of celt, carved, 152;

of Mexican blade, jewelled, 355

Hafts,

club-like, 155;

forked, for hatchets, 163, 164

Hafted celts, discoveries of, 151–155

Hafting,

Carib method of, 155;

contrivances for assisting, 141, 151–172;

of daggers by split wood, 349;

of flakes, 288, 289, 292, 293, 502;

by flexible wooden binding, 167;

of flint blade by moss, 349;

of hammers with small perforations, 217;

of Maori chisels, 178;

by means of growing wood, 155, 218;

of spear-heads, 350, 351

_Hakke_, or hoes, 191

Halberd, meaning of, 146

Halliwell, Mr., on the Stone axe, 146

Hallstatt,

objects from, 460, 464, 465;

ornaments from, 84;

perforated whetstones, 269;

transitional period of cemetery of, 7

Hamard, Abbé, his researches at Hermes, 314

Hammers,

barrel-shaped, 224;

boulders used as, 234;

broken celt converted into, 242;

for chipping flints, 248–258;

conical, 223;

cylindrical, 224;

with depressions of faces, 239, 240;

egg-shaped, 224, 225;

Eskimo, 25;

grooved, 233–236;

from Kent’s Cavern, 503;

ornamented, 226;

horn, in contracted interment, 434;

ovoid pebbles perforated for, 228;

of peculiar forms, 219;

perforated, 217–232;

possible use of, as weapons, 220, 221;

Purgatory, 183;

of stag’s horn, 35, 41, 434;

stone, still used in Iceland, 11

Hammer-stones,

in barrows, 235, &c.;

of bronze, 246;

cavities worked in, 238;

definition of, 238;

with depressions of faces, 240–246;

discoidal, 249;

flint, at Cissbury, 32;

grooved for hafting, 233;

made from cores, 248;

North American, 241;

palæolithic, 536;

on Palæolithic floor, 606;

perforated, abundance of in Ireland, 232;

polished by use, 248;

ridges on, 246

Hand, implements adapted for holding in the, 136, 140, 151, 358, 552,

557, 645

Hand-hatchets, 137

Hand-mills of stone,

recent use of, 253;

with rotatory upper stone, 258

Handle,

jewelled, of Mexican blade, 355;

skin, of flint flake, 293;

of turned stone cups, how left, 446, 447;

wooden, of celts, 119, 152;

wooden, of celts, rare in Britain, 151;

wooden, of stag’s horn axe, 434

Handled celt, representation of in dolmen, 153

“Handled wedges,” 205

Hardening of flints by exposure, 32

Hardy, M. Michel, on accidentally fractured flints, 658

Harland, Mr. H. S., grinding tools found by, 266

Harpoon-heads,

of horn or bone, in French caves, 484;

of horn in Kent’s Cavern, 504;

Eskimo, single barbed, 394;

perforated, 410;

of quartz in S. America, 407

Harrison, Mr. Benjamin,

as to drift caps on chalk downs, 608;

implements found and given by, 92, 174, 198, 604, 611

Hastings, stone missiles probably used at Battle of, 147

Hatchets,

Australian, fitted with handles, 70;

bronze, Egyptian, 169;

butt-end roughened for socketing, 46;

of Danish type, 68, 69;

hafting of, 151, 161;

oblique-bladed, 152;

of one piece with handle, 171;

sacred importance of, with Greeks, 62;

stone, form of, affected by bronze influences, 75;

stone, method of forming, 31;

with loop for suspension, 171;

with semicircular cutting edge, 136;

worn, re-chipping of, 102;

nuclei made into, at Spiennes, 35

Hawk, skull of, in interment, 429

Hawkins, Mr. C. E., drift implement found by, 612

Haynes, Prof., Egyptian implements found by, 652

Heaps of flints prepared for slingers, 419

Heathery Burn Cave, bronze and bone objects in, 432

_Hellebarde_, etymology of, 146

Helwing on the true nature of celts, 63

Hemp, absent from Lake Dwellings, 436;

possible use of stone bats in preparing, 257

Hernandez, his account of obsidian-working, 24

Herodotus

on the ritual use of stone, 8;

on the arrows used by the army of Xerxes, 368;

on the featherless arrows of the Lycians, 410

Hesiod,

his mention of the early use of bronze, 4;

as to the feathering of the arrows of Hercules, 410

Hickes, Dr., on the shooting of elf-arrows, 366

Hicks, Dr. H., on date of Welsh caves, 521

Hides,

importance of, in savage life, 311;

present use of stone scrapers in preparing 36, 299;

stone implements possibly hafted by, 217, 235;

stones used for smoothing, 442;

wear of implements by scraping, 332;

wet, assagai-beads bound on by, 410

Hildebrand and Hadubrand, song of, 146

Hill-forts, querns found in, 259

Hilton, Mr. R., 94, 341;

drift implements found by, 622

Hilts of flint daggers, their probable use as flaking tools, 413

Hindoos, pebble superstition among, 568

Hippopotamus, its evidence as to former volume of English rivers, 699,

700

Hoare, Sir Richard Colt,

examination of barrows by, 143, 148, 210, 211,

227, 244, 260, 280, 291, 308, 314, 352;

on pebbles in tumuli, 443;

on whetstones, 268

Hoe,

use of stone implements as, 71, 191;

of stag’s horn with handle attached, 434

Hoe-like implements in Mexico, 216

Holes through stones, natural, utilization of, 225, 226

Hollow scrapers, 319, 320

Hollowing canoes,

stone gouges for, 178;

wapiti horn used for, 434

Holmes, Mr. W. H., on a chert quarry in Missouri, 80

Homer, mention of bronze arms in, 4, 368

Hones, 268, 269;

burial of, 208

Hone-stone,

celts of, 96, 105, 106, 117, 120, 121;

green, hollow adze of, 180

Hornblendes, various, implements of, 125, 128, 206, 224, 230

Horse, representation of, on bone, 523

Horse trappings, late Celtic, pebbles found with, 442

Houghton, Mr. W. H., drift implement found by, 572

Hove, amber cup found at, 449

Hoxne,

brick-field at, 574;

climatal changes shown by, 697;

implements found at, 374

Hughes, Prof. T. McK.,

cave researches by, 521;

drift implements found by, 539, 611;

on production of flint flakes, 272

Human race,

evidence for antiquity of, 658, &c.;

palæolithic evidence for unity of, 654;

probable origin in favourable climate, 703

Human remains

in palæolithic caves, 487, 517;

in gravel pit, 542;

in Thames gravel, doubtful evidence of, 607;

causes of their rarity, 656, 669, 702;

in Seine valley, 703

Huntley, the late Dowager Marchioness, implements found by, 573

Hurons, asserted methods of hafting among, 155, 218

Hut-circles,

hammer-stones found in, 234;

discoidal stones in, 244;

saddle-quern in, 251;

scraper in, 309;

spindle whorls in, 438;

whetstones in, 270;

worn pebbles in, 248

Hyænas,

alternate occupation of caves by man and, 519;

absent from Kent’s Cavern, 508

_Hydrobia marginata_, former presence of, in England, 531, 533, 539,

584, 586

I

Ice,

possible action of, in Darent gravel-bed, 610;

transporting power of, 671, 672

Ice-chisels, possible use of early implements as, 645, 654

Iceland, stone hammers in use in, 11

Ichthyophagi, the, Diodorus on their use of stone, 288

Icklingham, gun-flint factory formerly at, 14

“Imp-stones,” 437

Implements,

palæolithic, chronology of, retrogressive, 473;

from caves and drift compared, 474;

large, rarity of in caves, 475;

with extinct fauna, 481–486, 490, &c., 513, 620, 701;

of caves, classification of, 483, 484;

joined up, 20, 514, 586;

British area of, 524, 580;

of the River Drifts, 526 _et seq._;

of materials other than flint, 565, &c.;

below the Palæolithic floor, 586, 591;

first discovery of in quaternary beds, 581;

beneath mammoth remains, 630;

classification of, 640, 648;

compared with neolithic, 648–650, 657;

from Asia and Africa, 650;

forms of, almond-shaped, 529, 540, 557, 647;

bevel-edged, 546, 559;

broad and short, 594;

circular, 559, 608;

crescent-like, 559, 571, 647;

discoidal, 648;

flat-faced, 645;

kite-shaped, 492, 542, 593, 644;

lanceolate, 554;

large and heavy, 532, 569, 613;

lozenge-shaped, 647;

oblique-edged, 567, 568;

oval, 589, 625, 604, 629;

ovate, 515, &c., 593, &c., 602, 618;

ovoid, 492, 493;

perch-backed, 646, 647;

pointed, 557, 563, 603, 613, 644, &c.;

scraper-shaped, 500, 632;

sharp-rimmed, 642, 647, 701;

shoe-shaped, 537, 554, 593, 645;

tongue-shaped, 539, 572, 644, 649;

triangular, 492;

wedge-shaped, 529

Incantations regarding stones, 469

“Incense-cup” in barrow, 211

Incisions on bone objects, 523, 656

India,

small chalcedony cores in, 23;

superstitious reverence for jade in, 60;

celts in, 88, 89;

ivory wrist-guard used in, 430

Indians,

North American, arrows, 370;

Californian, arrow-chipping by, 39;

Californian, obsidian worked by, 27;

Cloud River, arrow-chipping by, 39;

of Ecuador, axe-mounting among, 170;

flaking tools of, 24;

fleshing instruments, 126;

hatchets, 97;

hatchets, mounting of, 168;

holes drilled by, 50, 52;

lozenge-shaped lance-heads, 372;

pyrites used among, for fire-producing, 317;

quoits, 440;

Snake River, obsidian-working by, 40;

tomahawks made by, 52

Indra, hammer as attribute of, 62

Indus, large nuclei from banks of, 23

Ingram, the Rev. Canon, as to bracers, 429

Interments,

stone and bronze found together in, 123, 143, &c.;

primary and secondary, mixing of, 210, 211;

Saxon, with quern, 259;

late presence of flint in, 282;

objects accompanying, _passim_;

burnt, objects found with, 96, 105, 186, 194, 197, 210, 253, 291, 330,

377, 398, &c.;

contracted, cause of position, 149;

objects found in, 230, 280, 371, 385, 429, &c.

Intrenchments, old, relation of sling-stones to, 419

Ireland,

abundance of flint arrow-heads in, 399, 408;

arrow-heads relatively larger in, 400;

blades of slaty stone in, 353;

flint celts rare in, 84, 133;

late use of stone implements in, 11;

recent use of stone anvils in, 232;

superstitions in, concerning celts, 57

Iron Age,

Bronze Age succeeded by, 5;

grooved stones with objects of the, 271;

axe-head in barrow, 463;

axes, French, resembling stone types, 205;

blades, Eskimo, skin-hafted, 293;

late use of, in Egypt, 6;

date of discovery as given by Arundelian marbles, 4;

early use of, in Britain, 10;

infrequent mention of by Homer, 4;

knife, 487;

meteoric, probably first used, 5;

-mould, staining of scrapers by, 315;

objects of, in interments, 210, 394, 397, 438, 455;

ore in barrow, 263, 313, 338;

Period, Early, “strike-a-light” stones of the, 241;

pick-axe in old workings of lead mine, 234;

used for pins of querns, 259

Ironing stones of granite, 443

Iron-stone,

Sussex, celt of, 84;

axe-head of, 186;

cave implement of, 522

Iroquois,

the use of pump drill by, 48;

sword of, 294

Isle of Wight,

severance of, from mainland, 690;

former extent of, 693

Italy,

arrow-head superstitions in, 367;

iron preceded by bronze in, 5;

ridged flake in, 327;

stone “thunderbolts” in, 59

Ivory,

articles of, at Paviland, 487;

carved bracers of, 430;

fossil, used by Eskimos for arrow-flaking, 37;

fossil, Eskimo scraper hafted in, 298;

fossil, present use of, in Siberia, 488;

plates of, in necklaces, 457;

rod of, in Brixham cave, 516;

spindle-whorls of, 439;

used for shafting arrows of Bushmen, 410

J

Jacquard, M. Ed., on “Céraunies,” 57

Jade,

adzes, New Zealand, 166, 167;

boring of, in New Zealand, 46;

celts of, 109, 114;

discs of, 216;

Eskimo hammer of, 25;

found in Europe, 110;

Maori chisels of, 178;

sawing of, 45;

wooden-hafted blade of, 299

Jade-like stone, French chisel of, 176

Jadeite,

celt of, worn as charm, 57;

celts of, 58, 107, 129;

celts of, in Brittany dolmens, 109

Japan,

European appearance of arrow-heads from, 405;

stone axes considered as thunderbolts in, 59;

stone blades from, 355

Jasper,

flakes, cutting power of, 6;

hammer-head of, 229;

pendants of, 465;

scraper of, 310;

Spanish flake of, 287

Java, stone axes in, 59

Javelins and arrow-heads, 360–411;

distinction between, 370

Javelin-heads

in interments, 371, 455;

Australian mode of shafting, 288;

Irish, with polished faces, 372;

Italian, 333;

present use of flakes as, 288;

stemmed, 379

Jaw-bone of animal, implement formed from, 434

Jaw, human, from Moulin-Quignon, 703

Jeffreys, the late Mr. J. Gwyn, 345

Jet,

armlets of, 464;

beads, 309;

beads, oblong, 149;

buttons, 265, 398, 453;

cone of, 308, 352;

necklaces of, 456–463;

ornaments of, 332, 385, 394;

rings, 265, 426;

rings associated with studs, 266, 454;

Solinus on the properties of, 464

Jewitt, the late Mr. Llewellynn, on elf-arrows, 366

Jews,

modern, ceremonial use of flint by, 9;

their use of stone-struck fire, 16

Jones, Prof. Rupert, on the London gravels, 586

Joshua,

his ceremonial use of stone knives, 9;

discovery of flint flakes in tomb of, 9

Judd, Prof. J. W., drift implement found by, 611

K

Kaffirs,

their present use of stone implements, 11;

their present use of bed-stone and rolling pin, 250;

their mode of shafting assagais, 410

Kahun, manufacture of stone implements at, 45

Keller, Dr.,

on the tools of Moosseedorf, 22;

on sawing stone implements, 44;

on tube-boring, 49, 50;

referred to, 159, 162, 242, 310, 323;

on weights for weaving, 443

Kemble, Mr., on stones in Teutonic tombs, 468

Kennett, Bishop, quoted as to slickstones, 441

Kentmann, thunderbolts described by, 63, 64

Kent’s Cavern, Torquay,

awl of bone from, 506;

bone, objects of, 504–506;

bones, mineral condition of, 508;

bronze objects in upper layer, 492;

charcoal in, 492, 511;

co-existence of man with extinct animals in, 510;

cores and hammers from, 503;

correlation of, with foreign caves, 511;

deposits of, 491;

examinations of, 488–491;

fauna of, neolithic, 508;

fauna of, palæolithic, 507;

flakes from, 498, &c.;

flint implements from, 492–503;

harpoons, 504;

human remains, 492;

implements below the stalagmite, 489;

implements, neolithic, from upper layers, 492;

needle of bone, 321, 506;

pin, 506;

sabre-toothed tiger, 508;

scrapers, 500, 502;

whetstone, 504

Kerr, Mr. Richard, ovate implement found by, 621

Kilkenny, modern use of quern in, 258

Kimmeridge coal,

beads of, 309;

buttons of, 455;

“coal money,” how made, 465;

shale, bead of, 463;

shale, ring of, 456;

shale, saucer of, 445;

shale, waste pieces of from lathe, 447, 465

King, Mr. C. W., on an engraved Egyptian celt, 60

Kintore, Earl of, battle-axe presented to Edinburgh Museum by, 197

Kioway Indians, stone hammer used by, 235

Kirchner on stone-boring, 51

Kirwan, Rev. R.,

on a worn perforated pebble, 225;

on turned stone cups, 445, 447, 448

Kist-vaen, vessels found in, 450

Kite-shaped palæolithic implements, 542, 592, 644

Kjökken-möddings,

Danish, axes of the, 68;

flakes in, 280, 286;

hatchets from, 32;

motive for their position, 479;

post-Roman, hammer-stones in, 247;

scrapers, 310;

serrated flints in, 296;

sling-stones in, 419

Klah-o-quat Indians, their wapiti-horn chisels, 434

Klebs, Dr. R., on amber ornaments of Stone Age, 450

Knife Gallery, Brixham, 514

Knife-shaped implements, 535, 646

Knives,

blunted at one edge, 335, 336;

bronze, 5;

chipped, not ground, 356;

circular, 341, 342;

curved, 355–358;

Egyptian, 8, 354, 359;

Eskimo, of meteoric iron, 5;

fluted, 359;

flint, 290, 356, &c.;

ground, from Scotland, 338;

hafting of, 346;

horseshoe-shaped, 342;

Japanese, 355;

of mica-schist, 381;

peculiar, in Lake dwellings, 348;

Picts’, perforated, 346;

Picts’, probably handled, 347;

of polished slate, 358;

Scandinavian, of slate, 404;

serrated, 331;

of small flakes continuously mounted, 277, 293;

of stone, ceremonial use of, 8–10;

triangular, 340, 343

“Knockin’-stones” in Scotland, 11

Knowles, the late Rev. Dr., 138

Kotzebue Gulf, arrow-flaker from, 38

Kruse on perforated axes, 184

L

Labour necessary for stone-working, 107, 226, 231

Lafitau on the time required for tomahawk-making, 52

Laing, the late Mr. S., rude implements found by, in Caithness, 281

Lake-dwellings,

arrow-heads of, 402;

axes, socketed, in, 158;

corn-crushers in, 246;

flakes in, 281–287;

grinding-stones in, 262;

handled flakes from, 292;

mealing-stones in, 250;

narrow rubbers in, 267;

perforated hammer, 232;

perforated whetstones, 269;

scrapers, 310, 318;

slings of flax, 417;

spinning and weaving in, 436;

stag’s horn sockets, 43, 136, 161, 177;

wooden spindle-whorls, 439

La Madelaine, characteristics of Age of, 484

_Lamiarum sagittas_, 362

Lamps of stone, 445, 450, 451

Landon, Mr. Joseph, examination of Rea gravels by, 578

Lance-heads,

from barrows, 333;

of bone, 431;

flakes used as, 288;

of flint, 348–351;

fluted, at Sourdes, 43;

lozenge-shaped, 372;

notched, in Norway, 404

Lane-Fox, Col., see Rivers, Gen. Pitt.

_Langues-de-chat_, 644

_Lapis lydius_, celt of, 114

Lapps,

the, divination by stones among the, 470;

flint and steel buried with the, 283;

their use of sinews for thread, 507

Lark River, older representative of the, 682

Lartet, Prof. E.,

on boring with flint flakes, 321;

his chronological classification of caves, 481;

experiments with flint tools, 507;

on _grattoirs_, 298

Lartet, Prof. Louis, his Spanish finds, 529

Lasham, Mr. Frank, on the gravels of the Wey valley, 595

Lastic, Vicomte de, his cave at Bruniquel, 296

Latchmore, Mr. Frank, drift implements found by, 536, 602, 604

“Late-Celtic” Period, stone ornamentation of, 260

“Lateritic” beds in Madras, implements found in, 651, 654

Lathe,

amber cup turned in, 449;

use of, probably pre-Roman, 446;

for turning cups, 446;

for turning spindle-whorls, 438;

“coal money” the waste product of, 465

Lauth, Prof., on the origin of iron in Egypt, 5

Lavers, Mr. Edward, ovate implement found by, 578

Lawrence, Mr. G. F., implements found by, 111, 604

Layton, Mr. T., Thames finds in possession of, 74, 161

Lead, present use of for Bolas, 422;

sling bullets of, 418;

spindle-whorls of, 439

Lead-mines, implements found in, 234

Leather,

celts buried in case of, 109;

method of sewing, 433;

scrapers for preparing, 311;

stones used in preparation of, 440;

stones used for smoothing seams in, 443

Leech, Mr. Thomas, implements found by, at Reculver, 613

Left-handedness, early evidence as to, 429

Leg-bones of animal,

chisels of, 434;

implements made from, 431;

used as net-sinkers, 237

Lehaie, M. A. Houzeau de, on the flint factory at Spiennes, 34

Lemming,

remains of, at Wookey, 519;

remains of in Fisherton beds, 631;

remains of, as indicative of climate, 699

Le Moustier, Age of, implements of, 483, 496

Leonora Christina, Princess, flint used by for cutting, 348

Lepic, Vicomte, his suggestions as to mounting stone implements, 162

Lepsius on Egyptian flakes, 287

Lewis and Clarke quoted as to _pogamoggon_, 424

Lightning,

connection of stone implements with, 63;

stone implements as safeguards against, 145, 361

Lightning-teeth, stone axes known as, in Java, 59

Lignite,

rings of, in urn, 465;

pendant of, 466

Limestone,

buttons of, 453;

celt of, 122;

oolitic, knife of, 345;

rocks, caves in, 520, 522

Lindenschmit,

on stone-boring, 49;

referred to, 163, 177, 191, 194, 232

Lindsay, Dr. W. Lauder, on Maori hatchets, 172

Linen, polishing of, by slickstones, 441

_Lingue di San Paolo_, 367

Lisch on stone-boring, 49

Lithuania, central core from tube-boring found in, 47

Little, Mr. W. C., on the development of flint arrows, 369

_Livres de beurre_, 27

Loadstone, sling bullets of, 418

Loams, red, in caves, 479

Loir et Cher, manufacture of gun-flints in, 15

Londesborough, objects found by the late Lord, in barrows, 148, 160,

290, 328

Long barrows,

flakes in, 280;

leaf-shaped arrow-heads peculiar to, 399

Long Hole, Gower, fauna of and flints from, 520

Longman, Mr. C. J., his series of early bracers, 430

Longpérier, M., on hatchet worship, 62

Looms, early, use of weights in, 443

Lorraine, Prince François de, Turkish stone hatchet presented to, 59

Lottin, Dr., on the manufacture of gun-flints, 18

Lower Tertiary conglomerate,

flakes of, 281;

querns of, 259;

pebble, palæolithic implement made from, 613

Lubbock, Sir John,

Algerian implement found by, 652;

on the comparative numbers of men and objects of chase, 656;

as to date of Glacial Period, 705;

names of Neo- and Palæolithic due to, 12, 474;

referred to, 272, 299, 310;

on sling-stones, 419;

on the uses of stone implements, 655

Luco, Abbé, pyrites and flint found by, in dolmen, 318

“Lucky Stones,” virtues of, 469

Lucretius as to successive Periods of culture, 4

Lukis, Capt., polished celt found by, with skeleton, 149

Lukis, the late F. C., M.D.,

on the connection between celts and

lightning, 57;

on elf-arrows and elf-darts, 365;

on the handling of celts, 171;

oval armlet found by, 464;

referred to, 127, 141

Lukis, the late Rev. W. C., of Wath, referred to, 188, 204, 240, 268

Lycians, the, their arrows featherless, 410

Lydian stone,

celt of, 115, 167;

Irish flakes of, 281, 291

Lye, his dictionary referred to as to stone bill, 145

Lyell, Sir Charles,

on the Fisherton beds, 630;

on the formation of caverns, 480;

on geological changes near Wookey, 519;

as to Glacial Period, 705;

on rhinoceros in Gower, 520;

on river action, 663;

on the Shasta method of arrow-chipping, 40

Lyme Regis, manufactory of flint implements at, 35

Lyon, Mr. Caleb, on Shasta arrow-head making, 40

Lysons, Mr. Samuel, excavations at Witcombe, 144

Lyttelton, Bishop, on stone hatchets, 3, 202, 204

M

Mace-head, lenticular, of breccia, 232

Maces, flints naturally perforated used for, 184

Maces, see Hammers

MacEnery, the Rev. J., his researches in Kent’s Cavern, 488, 495

_Machairodus_, the, 508, 524

Maghara,

copper mines of, 6;

stone hammers at, 230;

flint arrow-head from, 405

Mahanuddy, small nuclei from banks of, 23

Mahudel, on the early use of stone, 3

Maize, Kaffir mill for grinding, 250;

stone pestles for crushing, 257

Mallet, Indian mode of hafting, 239

_Malleus fulmineus_, 63

Mammoth, caves of the Age of the, 481

Man,

antiquity of in Britain, 703;

his co-existence with extinct animals, 474, 508, 513, 524, 700, &c.;

early occupation of caves, 475, 480, &c.;

mammalian fauna altered by, 482

Mandingoes, single-barbed arrows of the, 394

Manethonian dynasty, the third, use of grooved hammers in, 235

Manganese, dendritic markings due to presence of, 660

Mangles, Mr. H. A., drift implements found in Wey valley by, 595

Manning, Mr. Percy, implements found by, near Oxford, 594

Mantell, the late Dr., 84, 148, 308

Manufactories of flint implements, 34, 268, 280, 359, 401, 402;

at Cissbury, 79;

at Crayford, 606;

in Guernsey, 401;

at the Lake of Varese, 402;

at Lyme Regis, 35;

at Massingham Heath, 83;

at Moosseedorf, 22;

“wasters” found at, 80, 649

Maoris,

bows unknown among the, 360;

their jade chisels, 178;

uses of the “Toki” among the, 172

Marathon, source of stone arrow-heads at, 368, 403

Marbodæus quoted as to the _ceraunius_, 64

Marcou, M., on N. American mauls, 235

Marine deposits in Fen gravels, 681

Marmot

in Crayford beds, 607;

in Fisherton beds, 631;

presence of, indicative of climate, 699

Marrow of bones, a primitive delicacy, 504, 657

Marten, Mr. John, drift implement found by, 620

Martha’s Hof, celt kept in a granary at, 58

Martin, Mr. C. Wykeham, scraper found by, 309

Mas d’Azil, painted pebbles in cave of, 484, 485

Mason, Mr. Otis T., “on aboriginal skin-dressing,” 299

Massagetæ, their bronze arrow-heads, 368

Materials of which British celts are made, 65, 66, &c.;

relative durability of, 655

Matter, solid, amount of in turbid water, 667

Mauls, stone, method of hafting, 169;

in old copper workings, 233

Mealing-stones,

absent in palæolithic times, 657;

and muller, 251;

from Swiss Lake-dwelling, 246, 250;

on the site of Troy, 253

Medicinal powers, supposed, of stone implements, 271, 365, 437

Meillet, M.,

referred to, 327;

on the causes of alteration in flint, 497

“Mell” for preparing barley, 451

Memnon, bronze sword of, 4

Mentone, intermediate age of deposits in caves near, 475, 487

Mercati, his suggestion as to the origin of celts, 62

_Meres_, New Zealand,

difficulty of boring, 52;

mode of using, 118;

as denoting chieftainship, 226

Merewether, the late Dean, implements found by, 309

Meriones, bronze arrow of, 4

Merovingian interments,

flint chips in, 283;

flint implements in, 144, 145;

iron arrow-heads in, 394;

iron-mounted scrapers in, 314;

stone objects in, 470

Mesolithic, use of term deprecated, 702

Metal-working,

possible use of, small hammers for, 223;

stone discs perhaps connected with, 257

Meteoric iron, probably the first used, 5

Mexican arrow-heads, 24, 39;

English appearance of, 406;

blade with original handle, 355;

flakes of obsidian, 288;

hafting of metal axes, 155, 156;

obsidian cores, 23;

obsidian razors, 290;

obsidian swords, 294

Meyer, Dr. A. B., his catalogue of jade objects, 110

“Meyrick’s Armour” referred to, 200

Mica schist,

with garnets, celt of, 97;

battle-axe of, 197;

hammer of, 225

Micaceous grit,

axe-head of, 195;

celt of, 97;

perforated adze of, 189

Mid-Pleistocene character of Crayford beds, 607

Mildenhall, recent arrow-heads made by workman of, 42

Mill,

bed-stone and rolling pin as, 250;

rotatory, 254

“Mill-bill” of present day, 146

Mill-dues of St. Albans, 258

Mills and balls in barrows, 253

Milner, Col., his celt with Gnostic inscriptions, 60

Mine de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest, mauls found in, 235

“Miners’ hammers,” Irish, 234

Mining,

in chalk, 33, 79, 172;

stone mauls used for, 233, 234

Mining instruments of bronze, 233

Miocene Age, evidence doubtful as to existence of man in the, 374

Mirrors, possible use of polished stone discs as, 440

Missiles, possible use of discoidal implements as, 655

Mississippi, estimated amount of detritus carried by, 667

Missouri, chert quarry in, 80

Mitchell, Sir A., on the spindle and whorl, 437

Mitten, Mr., on the fossil mosses from Hoxne, 577

Mongols, use of military flail among the, 423

Monkman, Mr. C, on sling-stones and intrenchments, 419

Montelius, Prof., referred to, 154, 261

Montezuma, arrow-making in palace of, 406;

stone axe of, 157

Moraines of glaciers, boulder-clay mainly derived from, 697

Morison, Fynes, on Irish corn-grinding, 251

Morlot, M., his suggestions as to grinding flints, 43

“Morning star,” a modification of the staff-sling, 423

Morse, Miss, her assistance with fossil plants from Hoxne, 577

Mortars, 245, 257, 450

Mortillet, M. A. de,

on celt with haft-mark, 154;

M. Gabriel de, on boring of Swiss axes, 51;

on the chronological sequence of cave deposits, 475;

classification of caves by, 483;

on a cubical grindstone, 245;

on early cruciform ornaments, 454;

on Greek inscribed celt, 62;

his subdivisions of Palæolithic Period, 528;

on tube-boring, 47;

referred to, 194, 232, 278, 296

Moscardo on the _Pietre ceraunie_, 364

Moseley, Mr. H. N., worked jade brought by, from New Zealand, 46

Moss, flint blade handled with, 349

Mosses, fossil, at Hoxne, 577

Moulds,

bronze, for celts, &c., 269;

stone, for bronze implements, 443

Mound in Tennessee, hatchet from, 171

Moustérien Age, characteristics of, 483

Much, Dr., on the Hellebarde, 146

Müller, Dr. Sophus,

on the burial of axes, 76;

referred to, 261

Mullers,

present use of, 248;

various forms of, 244, 252

Mumford, Rev. George, celt fixed in a tree found by, 150

Munro, his “Lake Dwellings” referred to, 45, 297

Mur de Barrez, flint pit at, 35

Museums of—Antiquaries,

Soc. of, England, 78, 126, 141, 150, 196, 229,

346, 377, 405;

Berlin, 188, 191, 294;

Blois, 187;

Bonn, 136;

Brighton, 449, 518;

British, _passim_;

Brunswick, 191;

Cambridge Antiquarian Society, 73, 74, 88, 92, 100, 104, 178, 191,

251, 336, 390, 538;

Fitch, 100;

Woodwardian, 92, 100, 538, 595;

Canterbury, 353;

Castleton, 342;

Charterhouse School, 596;

Clermont Ferrand, 286, 465;

Copenhagen, Ethnological, 167, 183, 191, 226, 245, 246, 286, 292, 347;

Derby, 225;

Devizes, 428;

Douai, 169;

Dresden, Ethnological, 111;

Historical, 157;

Economic Geology, Jermyn Street, 84, 174, 357, 583, 613;

Edinburgh, National, _passim_;

Exeter, Albert, 192, 407, 445, 639;

Geneva, 113, 185;

Ghizeh, 359, 369;

Grierson, at Thornhill, 200;

Kelso, 119;

Keswick, Crosthwaite collection, 106, 117;

Kirkcudbright, 442;

Königsberg, 403;

Lausanne, 185, 292, 327;

Leeds, Bateman collection, _passim_;

Philosophical Society, 187, 191, 221;

Leicester, 103, 230, 254, 470;

Leipzig, 191, 220;

Le Puy, 101, 296, 411;

Leverian, 212, 441, 575, &c.;

Lewes, 101, 174;

Leyden, 114, 128, 205, 403, 405;

Egyptian, 174, 354;

Liverpool, Mayer collection, 96, 151, 235, 354;

Lund, 418;

Lyons, 109;

Madras, Central, 569;

Mainz, 109, 160, 268;

Montrose, 224, 421;

Morbihan, Société Polymathique de, 109;

Namur, 402;

Nancy, Musée Lorrain, 59;

Naples, 354;

Neuchâtel, 232;

Newcastle, Soc. Ant., 104, 123, 124, 126, 128, 193, 200, 383;

Northampton, 110, 124;

Norwich, 91, 100, 150, 202, 223, 229, 240, 440;

Fitch collection, _passim_;

Over Yssel, 157;

Oxford, 337, 341, 518, 593;

Ashmolean, 104, 354, 357;

Paris, Musée d’Artillerie, 327;

Perth, 421;

Peterhead, Arbuthnot, 425, 463;

Plymouth Institute, 200, 495;

Powysland, 208, 342;

Royal Irish Academy, 43, 85, 215, 308;

St. Germain, 109, 160, 187, 262;

Salisbury, Blackmore, _passim_;

Scarborough, 207;

Southampton, Hartley Institute, 293, 294;

Stockholm, 418, 435;

Stourhead Collection, 427;

Sussex Archæological Society, 185, 242, 249;

Swansea, Royal Institution, 187;

Toulouse, 559;

Troyes, 262;

Truro, 187;

Turin, Arsenal of, 379;

Turin, Egyptian, 354;

Upsala, 58;

Vannes, 109;

Vienna, Ambras, 157;

Warrington, 234;

Weimar, 109;

Wilts Archæological Society, 268;

Zurich, 269

Musk ox,

remains of, in Cray Valley, 604, 607;

remains of, in Fisherton beds, 631;

as indicative of climate, 699

Mussel-shell adzes, present use of, 182

Mycenæ,

earthenware spindle-whorls at, 439;

obsidian arrow-heads at, 403

N

Nardoo, Australian stones for grinding, 243

Necklaces,

of arrow-heads, as charms, 367;

Greek or Etruscan, 10;

of jet, and other materials, 455–463

Needles,

bone, in cave deposits, 433;

in Creswell caves, 523, 524;

drilled with flint, 321;

in French caves, 484, 506;

in Kent’s Cavern, 506;

bronze, central-eyed, 433;

copper, 440

Needs, identical, like results produced by, 325

Neolithic Period,

characteristics of, 54;

difficulties of chronology of, 471;

its range in time, 147;

sepulchres, frequent disappearance of bones in, 656

Nephrite,

traces of sawing on celt of, 43;

engraved celt of, 60

Net-sinkers, 236, 237

Netting, possible use of bone instruments for, 432

New Caledonians, sling-stones of, 418, 419

Neuwied, Prinz, on Australian stone blades, 171

Newton, Mr. E.T., on human remains in Thames valley gravel, 607

New Zealand,

jade adzes of, 166, 167;

sawing of jade in, 45;

thong-drill used in, 48

Nickel, presence of, in meteoric iron, 5

Nightmare, perforated stones good against, 469

Nilsson, Prof.,

on the date of certain axes, 52;

on the obliquity of celt edges, 113;

on perforated discs, 439;

on rude sling-stones, 419;

suggestion as to David’s sling, 417;

referred to, 184, 204, 241, 261, 271, 293, 294, 296, 297, 339, 350,

450

Nodule of flint, bludgeon-shaped, in grave, 277

Nodules of pyrites, their use in producing fire, 313–319

Norman, Mr. H. G., palæolithic implements found by, 604

Norway, method of testing celts in, 57

Notches on axes,

for hafting, 169;

on hammer-stones, 246, 247;

worn on flakes, 642

Nouter, axe personified by, 62

Nuclei,

their relation to flakes, 272;

French, 277;

small, 23

O

Oak,

coffin, gold cup in, 449;

trees, bark removed by bone chisels, 435;

trees, experimental felling of, 162;

trunks, hollowed, interments in, 398, 448

Oaks, present in brick-earth at Hoxne, 537

Obsidian,

arrow-heads of, in California, 37;

arrow-heads at Mycenæ, 403;

arrow-heads from the Caucasus, 405;

arrow-heads made in the Palace of Montezuma, 406;

cores of, from Greek sites, 28, 278;

Easter Island tool of, 289;

flakes of, in Greece, 278, 284, 286;

jade bored by, in New Zealand, 46;

knives of, skin-hafted, 293;

knives of, in Teneriffe, 8;

methods of working, 23–25, 39;

Mexican dagger-blades of, 354;

scrapers of, 310

Ochre, red,

in interment, 149;

use of as cosmetic, 263

Ochreous tinting of gravel implements, 617, &c.

_Ofai ara_, Polynesian sling-stones, 420

Ohio Valley, steatite tubes from, 50

Ojibway Indians, 168

Oliver, Lieut., R.E., drift implement found by, 626

Ophthalmia, Burmese treatment of, 60

Ore, iron, in interment, 313, 317

Ornament, cruciform, early occurrence of, 453

Ornaments,

funereal, 84;

perforated for suspension, 321;

personal, 452–472, 484, 657;

pulley-like, of jet, 398

Ornamentation

on axes, 196–198, 211;

on baking stones, 440;

on balls, 420;

on beads, 457, 458;

on cups, 444, 448;

on cylinders of chalk, 421;

on hammer, 226;

on jet ring, 454;

on lamp, 445;

on querns, 259, 260;

on spindle-whorls, 438;

on stone vessel, 451

Ostrich,

egg-shell, discs of, worn by Bushmen, 277;

bone used by Bushmen for arrow-shafting, 410

Otter-skin, Californian knives hafted with, 293

Out-door and in-door use, varying implements for, 641

Ouvry, late Mr. F., Egyptian implement found by, 652

Overlapping of the three Ages, 11, 227

Ovid,

his mention of the sickle of Medea, 5;

his mention of the stone used by Atys, 9;

on the wearing action of water, 477

Oviedo on sawing with sand and string, 44

Ox, African, sacrifice of, with stone implement, 10

Ox horn,

possible use of, in tube-boring, 50;

dagger-hilt of, 265

P

Paint,

red, early use of, 149, 263, 264;

from hæmatite, 312;

stone mullers used for grinding, 248

Palæolithic deposits,

their relation to Boulder clay, 577, 685, 697

floors, buried under “trail,” 698;

discovery of, 586, 591;

flint workshop on, 606;

heaps of flint lying on, 598;

implements from, 587;

preservation of delicate flakes in, 643;

replacement on original cores of, flakes from, 598;

under brick-earth, 598;

under Wey valley gravels, 595

implements, compared with neolithic, 12, 648, 657

man, evidence for unity of races of, 654

Palæolithic Period,

characteristics of implements of, 53;

grindstones apparently unknown in, 85;

conditions of human life in, 657

Palestine, ceremonial use of stone knives in, 9

Palstaves, bronze, hafting of, 163

Patagonians,

arrow-heads of, 406;

varieties of Bolas among, 422

Patination of flints, 187, 660

Patroclus, prize at funeral games of, 5

Paulus Jovius on bone bracers in England, 430

Pausanias on the use of metals in the heroic times, 4, 7

Peale, Mr. T. R., on the use of bone in arrow-chipping, 39

Peat,

injurious effect of, on wood, 152;

moss, hafted hatchet found in, 151;

moss, sling-stones in, 419;

moss, stone knives arranged in, 593;

Oxford, recent flora in, 593;

palæolithic implements at base of, 539

Pebbles,

as amulets, 466, 469;

cheese-shaped, 244;

with depressions worked, 241, 244, 270;

flint, disintegration of, 497;

grooved, 271;

in interments, 467, &c.;

naturally perforated, 469, 470;

painted, in the cave of Mas d’Azil, 484;

perforated, for hammers, 217;

perforated, for net-sinkers, 439;

polished, in tumuli, 214, 443, 467;

as pounders, 244;

of quartz, battered by use, 25;

of quartzite, hammers of, 228;

sacred, 468;

for slinging, 419

Pemberton, American inscribed axe from, 58

Pendants

of amber, 460;

of bone, 463;

of bronze at Hallstatt, 464;

of jasper and callais, 465;

of jet, 461, &c., 466;

of serpentine, 470

Pengelly, Mr.,

exploration of Brixham cave by, 512;

of Kent’s Cavern, 488, 491

Pennacooks,

mode of using pestle among the, 257;

their scrapers, 299

Pennant, Mr., on querns in the Hebrides, 258

Penning, Mr. W. H.,

on African palæolithic implements, 653;

palæolithic implements found by, 602, 603

Pennington, Mr. Rooke, barrow opened by, 467

Perceval, Mr. Spencer G., drift implement found by, 624

Perforations

in celts, 142;

incomplete, of axe-heads, 205, 226;

natural, in flints, 184, 225;

in pebbles, 217, 470;

in stone, how effected, 46, 47;

in stone, possible use of in cord-making, 428;

in whetstones, 268;

in wooden handle of flake, 292

Perrault, M., researches in the Camp de Chassey, 159

Persian arrows, iron, 394, 396

Persians, myth as to their skill in archery, 361

Personal ornaments, amulets, &c., 452–472

Perthes, M., Boucher de,

discoveries in Somme valley, 12, 490;

on celt handle, 160;

on uses of pointed implements, 655;

on worked flints at Abbeville, 526

Peru, obsidian working in, 24

Pestle and mortar, 252, 254

Pestle-like implements, 135, 149

Petrie, Prof. Flinders,

on Egyptian blades, ripple-marked, 359;

on fibre-hafted knife, 293;

flint hatchets, hafting of, 169, 170;

lance-head, 354;

palæolithic implements found by, 652, 653;

on sickles, 297;

on tube-boring, 51

Pfahl-bauten,

Swiss, flint workshop in the, 22;

sawing on celts of, 43

Philip II. of Macedon, imitations of coin of, found with arrow-head, 397

Phillips, Mr. B., on softening amber, 449

Pickel, Conrad, his name Latinized into _Celtes_, 56

Picks of red deer horn used for flint extraction, 33

Picks and chisels, 173–182

“Picts’ Castle,” 138

“Picts’ houses,” see Brochs.

“Picts’ knives,”

flakes resembling, 281, 292;

not of flint, 345;

recent use of, 348;

possible use of in whaling, 348

_Pierre de tonnerre_, 57

Pig, Roman sacrifice of, with flint weapon, 10

“Pikelet stones” now made of iron, 440

Pins or awls, 433;

bone, in interments, 83;

from Kent’s Cavern, 488, 506;

bronze, 214;

possible use of, in interments, 432

Pipes of erosion, 548, 602, 707

Pisander, bronze axe of, 4

“Pisky grinding-stones,” 437

Pitcairn on the diabolical origin of elf-arrows, 366

Pitch, Scandinavian use of, for mounting bronze implements, 170

_Pithecanthropus erectus_, Dr. Dubois’, alluded to, 703

Pits for the extraction of flints, 33, 35, 78

Pivot stones, 242

Planes, Eskimo, use of scrapers as, 299

“Plateau type,” doubtful character of flints of, 609, 643, 658

Plate of gold in barrow, 227

Plates

of amber for necklaces, 460;

of jet, 457, &c.

Pleistocene fauna,

association of worked flints with, 606, 700, 701, &c.;

implements, European, similarity of those of Somaliland with, 653

Pliny

as to _Cerauniæ_, 64, 481;

on the _Glossopetra_, 363;

on the _ovum anguinum_, 437;

on pyrites, 16

Plot, Dr.,

on the true character of stone axes, 63;

on flint arrow-heads, 362

Ploughshare, bronze, ceremonial use of, by the Tuscans, 5

Plowright, Dr. C. B., on a Norfolk flint factory, 83

Plutarch on the bronze weapons of Theseus, 4

“Pluvial Period,” Mr. Tylor on the, 698

Poem, early German, referred to, 146

_Pogamoggon_, its use by Shoshone Indians, 424

Poison, etymological testimony to its use on arrows, 362

Pole-lathe, mechanism of, 447

Polished patches on celts due to hafting, 89, 337

Polishers of stone, 266, 267;

in Kent’s Cavern, 492

Polishing,

absence of from palæolithic implements, 649;

processes for, 43

“_Polissoirs_,” 262

Polygonal flakes, abundance of, in River-Drift, 642

Poppe, Mr. A., doubtful discoveries of hafted hatchets by, 163

Porphyritic greenstone,

axes of, 193, 198;

celts of, 104, 116, 124, 125, 129, 130, 136;

chisel-like implement of, 176;

knife of, 346;

perforated adze of, 189

Porphyry,

rolled fragments of, in Bournemouth gravels, 694;

Spanish implements of, 529;

slate, polished pebble of, 467

Pottery,

absence of, from palæolithic deposits, 658;

association of, with celts, 152;

fragment of, from Cissbury, 79;

in interments, 160, 248, 464;

materials pounded for making, 257;

possible use of bone instruments in making, 432;

Roman, flint flakes with, 283;

serrated flints for decorating, 296

“Pot-stone,” or steatite, 444;

why so called, 451

Poulton, Prof. E. B., drift implements found by, 626

Pounders,

pebbles used as, 244–248;

ridged by use, 246;

spherical, 250

Pounding-stones, palæolithic, probable uses of, 657

Pourtalès, M. F. de, on the use of bone in arrow-chipping, 39

Pressigny-le-Grand,

cores from, 27, 28;

long flakes at, 29

Prestwich, the late Sir Joseph;

researches with author in Somme valley, 490, 527;

at Icklingham, 539;

at Reculver, 613;

his report on Brixham Cave, 512;

section of Ouse valley, 531;

section of Lark valley, 543;

section of Reculver Sands, 617;

on drift deposits at Hoxne, 574;

on drift deposits capping chalk downs, 608;

implements found by, 593, 632;

on Fisherton beds, 630;

on uses of pointed implements, 645, 654;

on river action, 663;

on transporting power of ground-ice, 671;

on disintegrating effect of frost, 672;

on materials of drift gravels, 678;

on level of Waveney valley, 683;

old sea-beach found by at Waterbeach, 687;

on valley erosion, 697;

on difference between high and low level valley deposits, 699;

on time needed for forming pipes of erosion, 707

Probert, Mr. C. K., drift implement found by, 538

Prometheus as to cave-dwelling men, 480

_Promptorium Parvulorum_ quoted as to slickstones, 441

Ptahmes, his name on stone knife, 8

Pudding-stone, Hertfordshire, querns of, 259

Pulley-beads, 560

Pulley-shaped rings,

of jet, 352, 398, 455;

of cannel-coal, 456

“Pump-drill” for producing fire by friction, 48, 49

Punches,

probable uses of in flint-flaking, 23, 25, 278;

in making axes, 32

“Purgatory Hammer,” 183

“Pygmy flints,” 325

Pyrenees, Claudian on worked flints of the caves of, 480

Pyrites,

association of, with worked flints, 5, 313, 314, 316;

in Belgian bone caves, 15, 318;

in interments, 265, 313, &c., 467;

scored, in Trou de Chaleux, 318, 501;

use of with flint for fire-producing, 5, &c.;

its use evidenced by its name, 16

Pyrodes, myth as to his introduction of fire, 16, 313

Q

Quarries of stone for implements, 80

Quartz,

American arrow or harpoon heads of, 407;

Australian hafting of flakes of, 293;

beads of, 465;

celt of, 136;

crystals of, used for boring, 322;

Egyptian celt of, 113;

flat disc of, 244;

pebbles, association of, with flint flakes, 25;

hammers of, 243, 248;

pebbles in interments, 467;

slickstones of, 442;

Swiss arrow-head of, 402;

implements, African, 653;

implements from Portugal, 529

Quartzite,

axe-hammer of, 207;

celt of, 113;

flakes of, 281;

hammer-heads of, 225, 228, 229;

implements of, 587, 593, 650, 651, 654;

implements from Somaliland, 653;

mauls of, 234;

pebbles of, battered glacial, 561;

pebbles, implements of, 566, 579, 594;

pebbles in Little Ouse valley, 682;

plano-convex disc of, 231;

qualities of, for implement making, 581;

Scotch arrow-head of, 377;

spherical implement of, 244

Quaternary beds,

freshwater origin of, 679;

first discovery of implements in, 581;

in Portugal, 529;

reported human remains in, 703;

fauna, continental conditions of in England, 707;

gravel, character of flint implements from, 12

Queen Charlotte Islands, basalt hammer from, 25

Querns, 258–260;

from Brochs, 463

Quoit, disc resembling, 440

R

Rabut, M., hammer-stone found by, in the Lac du Bourget, 246

Rain, proportion of, that reaches chalk springs, 675

Rainfall,

dependence of height of saturation of chalk on, 664;

valley erosion dependent on amount of, 666, 668

Rats, perforated discs for guarding against, 439

Rau, Prof.,

his experiments on boring stone, 48;

referred to, 237, 241

_Rayos_ or _Centellos_, 58

Razors, Mexican, of obsidian, 290

Read, Mr. C. J., on Milford Hill finds, 632

Read, Mr. C. H., on Bolas, 423

Read, Mr. W., C.E., drift implements found by, 623

Red deer,

antlers of, used in flint digging, 33;

found at Cissbury, 79;

flat instrument made from, 432;

circle of in barrow, 466;

sockets made from, 160

“Red woman of Paviland,” 487

Reeds, use of, for shafting arrows, 369, 409, 410

Refuse heaps in Dordogne caves, 478

“Regenbogen-schüsseln,” with flint arrow-head, 397

Reid, Mr. Clement,

on the Arctic flora of Hoxne, 577;

on the Hoxne deposits, 685

Reindeer or Cavern Period,

arrow-heads of, 361;

cave-dwellers of, in S. of France, 277;

characteristics of, 53;

characteristics of caves of the, 482;

objects found in caverns of, 321;

scrapers of, 311;

toothed flakes of, 296;

use of red paint in, 264;

worked stones in caves of, 245

Reindeer horn,

Eskimo flaking-tool tipped with, 37;

harpoon-heads of, 484;

rows of holes bored in, 321

Religious rites, survival of ancient customs in, 5, 7

“Reliquiæ Diluvianæ,” Dean Buckland’s, 487

Resin, its use in mounting flakes, 293, 409

Rhinoceros,

bones of leg of, in apposition, 701;

hemitœchus, remains of, in Wales with human works, 520

Rib, with incised horse on it, 523

Rib-like bone, marks of sawing on, 539

“Ribbon-sling,” 417

Richard, Abbé,

flint flakes found by, in tomb of Joshua, 9;

Syrian drift implements shewn by, 652

Rickard, Mr. J. C., on palæolithic African implements, 653

Ridged flakes defined, 641

Ridges worn on hammer stones, 246

Ridley, Messrs. E. P. & H. N., on fossil plants at Hoxne, 577

Rigollot, Dr., on implements at St. Acheul, 526, 527

Rings

of jet in interments, 265, 266, 308, 352, 426, 455;

with radial perforations, 454, 456;

of Kimmeridge shale, 456;

penannular, of bronze, 456;

of Samian ware, 466;

spiral, of bronze, 398;

of stone, 465;

studs combined with, for fastenings, 454

Ripple marking

on Egyptian and Danish blades, 359;

on British arrow-heads, 392, 393

River basins, present lowering of, 668

River Drift,

antiquity of, 662, &c.;

causes of crumpling, 697, 698;

and surface periods, gap between, 650, 704;

implements of, 526, _et seqq._;

implements compared with those of caves, 474;

French and English, resemblance of, 627, 630;

mammalian remains in, 528, &c.;

molluscan in, 531, 536, 539, &c.;

sorting of materials, of, by water action, 667, 673

River gravels,

scrapers rarely found in, 311;

stone implements found in, 147–150

Rivers,

amount of detritus carried by, 667;

former, near Cromer, 572;

former, preceding the Solent, 622, 634, 690, 694;

former, connected with the Waveney, 577;

former, represented by the Wye, 521;

origin of systems of, 665;

transporting power of, 666, &c.

Rivers,

General Pitt, his explorations at Cissbury, 33, 78–82;

on the classification of flint arrows, 370;

on implements in the London gravels, 589;

flint flakes found by, in Egyptian gravel, 652;

palæolithic implements found by, 604

Robenhausen, pyrites found in lake settlement of, 15

Robinson, Sir J. C., palæolithic implements found by, 626

Rock-crystal,

perforation of, on the Rio Negro, 52;

piece of in cist, 468

Rocks, calcareous, erosion of, 477, &c.

Rock-shelters, formation of, 476

Rolled condition of implements in lower parts of valleys, 681

Rolleston, the late Prof., his find at Oxford, 593

Rolling-pin and bed-stone, 250

Romano-British village,

“coal money” in, 465;

shale cups in, 448

Roman remains,

stone objects with, 109, 144, 237, 244, 283;

in Lark valley, 543;

sites, flakes found on, 283;

sites, bone pins on, 431;

sites, discoidal stone weights on, 443;

soldier with bracer represented on monument, 430

Romans,

ceremonial use of flint by the, 9;

pyrites used by, for fire-producing, 313;

staff-sling used by, 418

Rome, bronze shears used at, by priest of Jupiter, 5

Roots, possible use of pointed implements in digging for, 645, 655

Rose, Mr., his suggestion as to tube-boring, 50

Rotatory mill, 254

Roughening

of implements for insertion into sockets, 46, 125, 128, 136;

of hammers for grasping, 243

Roundels of stone, suggested use of, 49

“Round-nosed chisels,” stone implements resembling, 180

Rowe, Rev. A. L., quartzite drift implement found by, 578

Rubbers needed for polishing concave surfaces, 266

Ruddle,

rubbing stone associated with, 263;

nodules of, with charcoal, 263, 264

Rumph on the “Dondersteenen” of Java, 59

Runic characters on stone celts, 58

Rushes, use of, for cord in hafting, 292

Rutley, Mr. F., drift implement found by, 616

S

Sabines, use of bronze knives by priests of the, 5

Sabre-toothed tiger, presence of, in British caves, 508, 524

Saddle-querns, 251

St. Acheul, Kent’s Cavern implements of the age of, 495

St. Alban’s mill dues, 258

“Salagramma pebble,” Indian custom concerning, 468

Salmon, M. Philippe, his division of the Stone ages, 485

Salt-mines,

grooved axes in, 169;

stone mauls found in, 234

“Samian ware,” ring of, 466

Sand,

use of, in boring stone, 49;

use of, in grinding concave surfaces, 266;

polishing effect of, 659

Sandars, Mrs. E., side scraper found by, 636

Sandstone,

cup of, 444;

grooved pieces of, 83;

grooved nodule of, as sink-stone, 236;

perforated plates of, 428, 431;

pyriform piece of, 442

Sarmatians, their early ignorance of the use of iron, 7

“Sarsen-stone,”

mullers of, 248;

interment under, 352

Saucer of shale, 445

Savage Island, shaped sling-stones in, 418

Savages, modern,

hafting of implements by, 155, 161, &c.;

their use of perforated implements, 215;

of stone implements, 172;

of unmounted tools, 171

Savoy, superstition regarding celts in, 57

Saws,

flint, in La Madelaine caves, 484;

serrated flakes as, 249, 297;

small flakes mounted as, 293

Sawing,

mechanical aids to, 44;

modern experiments in, 44, 297;

signs of, rare in British implements, 43;

traces of, on Spanish celt, 44

_Saxo Grammaticus_ on Thor’s Hammer, 62

Saxon graves,

fibula and flints in, 144;

flint arrow-heads in, 397;

quern in, 259;

steels and chipped flints in, 283

Saxon remains in Lark valley, 543;

spindle-whorl with, 439

Scales of fish in river drift, 540, 541

Scaling fish, possible use of scrapers for, 312, _note_

Scalping knife, possible use of stone blade as, 355

Scandinavian axes, 184;

how bored, 49;

blades, crescent-shaped, 297;

flint knives, 8;

harpoon-heads, 277;

hone, 271;

superstitions as to stone implements, 366, 469;

two-edged flint blades, 294

Schlalum Indians, adze of the, 166

Scheffer,

on burial customs of the Lapps, 283;

Lapp divining stone engraved by, 470

Schliemann,

arrow-heads found by, at Mycenæ, 403;

flakes for sickles found by, 297;

grooved stone mentioned by, 235;

mealing stones found by, 253;

on Trojan sling bullets, 418

Schmerling, Dr., his discoveries in Belgian caves, 481

Schoolcraft

on American perforated maces, 216;

on hammer-stones, 219, 241

_Sciat-hee_, Sir D. Wilson on the, 366

“Scies,” 296

Scotch fir, submerged forest of, at Bournemouth, 695

Scrapers,

classification of, 300;

discoidal, 302, 308;

double-ended, 307;

duck-bill shaped, 304, 305;

from Palæolithic Floor, 600;

hollow, 319;

horseshoe-shaped, 300, 308, 311;

in brick-earth, 599;

iron-mounted in Merovingian graves, 314;

irregular in form, 306;

kite-shaped, 303, 304;

in kjökken-möddings, 310;

method of making, 36, 298, &c.;

modern use of, 299, 320;

numerous, where flint abounds, 310;

rare in River Drift, 643;

resemblance between ancient and modern, 314, 315;

of the Reindeer Period, 311;

spoon-shaped, 308, 310;

straight, 319;

traces of wear on, 311, 495;

use of, in preparing hides, 311, 312;

use of, in producing fire, 312–319, 501;

why so named, 643;

with bronze weapons, 309

Scraping,

results of, on flint flakes, 289;

wear from, on Brixham flints, 516

Scythes, myths concerning, 361

Scythians,

their skill in archery, 361;

their bronze arrow-heads, 368

Sea,

rate of encroachment by the, 695;

on soft cliffs, 707;

at Reculver, 686

Sea shells in Whittlesea Mere, 681

Sections

of Brixham Cave, 512, 513;

at Bromehill, 560, 561;

at Hackney Down, 584;

of Hitchin brickfield, 536, 537;

at Hoxne, 574, 575;

of Isle of Wight, 626;

of Kent’s Cavern deposits, 491;

of Lark valley, 543;

of Ouse valley, 531, 551;

of Rea valley, 579;

of Reculver cliffs, 617;

at Shrubhill, 569;

of gravels at Southampton, 623

Seeley, Mr. H., on an incised bone, 539

Sehested, Mr., his experiments with stone implements, 50, 69

_Selci romboidale_, 325

Sellers, Mr. G. E., on stone-chipping, 24

Sérifontaine, pits for flint extraction at, 35

Serpentine

arrow-head, Swiss, 402;

axe-hammers, 206, 213;

celts, 66, 125, 130, 138;

chisel, Swiss, 177;

Merovingian pendants, 470;

ovoid implement, 467;

perforated discs, 216;

hammers, 221, 224;

ring, 465

_Serpula_ limestone, instruments of, 128, 227

Serration, varying, of flint saws, 294, 297

Seton-Karr,

Mr. H. W., discoveries in Somaliland, 652, 653;

palæolithic Egyptian implements found by, 652

Sets or punches, 24, 25

Shafting of arrow-heads, methods of, 408–411

Shafts of arrows,

compound, 410;

concave scrapers for, 320;

grooved pebbles for straightening, 268;

South American, 407

Shale,

cups of, 445;

pendants of, 463;

rings of, 466

Sharpening-stones, 161–171

Sharp-rimmed implements, classification of, 646

Shasta Indians, arrow-chipping among, 39, 40

Shelley, Mr., flakes collected by, 278

Shell-gouges, Carib use of, 182

Shells,

extinct in England, in Cam river-drift, 539;

fossil, as ornaments, 484;

fresh water, their evidence as to source of gravels, 679;

fresh water, with Hoxne implements, 684;

fresh water and land, in Ouse gravels, 531;

land and marsh at Hampton, 617;

used as pendants, 470

Shetland blades, 347

Shield, wooden, in Saxon tumulus, 163

Shoe-shaped implements defined, 645

Shore-ice, transporting power of, 672

Shoshonee Indians, military flail used by, 423

Shrubsole, Mr. O. A., on the Caversham beds, 592

Sibbald, Sir Robert,

on elf-arrows, 362;

on the artificial nature of flint arrow-heads, 363

Siberian use of stones for pounding, 245

Sickle, bronze, of Medea, 5

Sickles,

Egyptian, 297;

possible use of curved knives as, 358

Side-scrapers,

definition of, 300, 302;

in caves and River drifts, 548, 635, 643

Silex, suggested etymology of, 15

Silica, two forms of, in flint, 497

Silver,

arrow-heads mounted in, 365, 367;

present use of stone tools in working, 232

Similarity of wants, similarity of implements due to, 235, 407

Sinew, animal,

modern use of, in arrow-shafting, 409, 410;

Eskimo weapon of chase made of, 422;

its use for sewing, 507, 657

Sink-stones, present use of, 236, 237

Siret, M. M., saddle-querns found by, in Spain, 252

“Skelbs,” Scottish for flakes, 275

Skeletons,

bracers on arms of, 426, 429, 456;

cause of contracted attitude, 149;

contracted, articles with, 309, 313;

female, necklaces with, 457, 459, 462, 463;

jet ornaments with, 454;

pebbles in hands of, 467, 468;

in Quaternary beds, 656, 703;

in Spain, articles found with, 333, 352

Skertchley, Mr.,

on manufacture of gun-flints, 15, 18;

on the date of the Brandon beds, 568

Skins,

flakes hafted by, 293;

preparation of, with stone implements, 127, 299, 340;

scraper for, from Kent’s Cavern, 499

Skull, human,

in Cheddar Cave, 486;

in gravel pit of Ouse valley, 542;

near Bury St. Edmunds, 656, 703

Slabs for sharpening stone implements, 261

Sladen, Major, jade celts brought from China by, 127

Slate, chlorite,

perforated plates of, 425;

knives of, 358;

used for arrows and lance-heads, 404

“Slekenstone,” its renderings into Latin, 441

Slickstone of glass in woman’s grave, 442

Slickstones, various, 441

Sling, early use of the, 417

Slinging by means of split stick, 417

Sling-stones,

early forms and materials of, 418;

in Kjökken-möddings, 419;

their relation to intrenchments, 420

Sloane catalogue, reference to “British weapon” in, 581

Smith,

Mr. G., implement found by, at Southsea, 626;

Captain G. V., experiments with Kjökken-mödding axes, 69;

Captain John, on arrow-chipping in Virginia, 40;

Mr. Worthington G., _echini_ found by, in barrow, 468;

flakes fitted on to palæolithic cores by, 20, 598;

finds old land surface under brick-earth, 598;

palæolithic implements found by, in gravels, 530, 583–586, 601–604,

611, 624

Smoothing stone, tanged, 443

Snake River Indians, arrow-chipping by, 40

Snake-stones, snake bites treated by, 437

Socket of celts,

polishing due to friction of, 89, 142;

intermediate, of stag’s horn, 158, 160;

mode of fastening axe in, 156;

stone, for hinge, 242

Solent, ancient river of the, 634, 637;

its former basin, 638, 690;

subsequent widening of, 691

Solinus on the abundance of jet in Britain, 464

Solutré, characteristics of Age of, 484

Solvent power of carbonic acid, 675

Somme, implements in the drift of the valley of the, 490

Sophocles, his mention of the bronze sickle of Medea, 5

Sotacus,

concerning _Cerauniæ_, 64, 480;

his date, 65

South Sea Islanders, adze-like implement of, 138

Spanish _trillas_, 284

Spalls of flint, 564

Spalding, Mr. F., 179

Spear-heads

of flint, 348, &c.;

with notches at side, 351

Spear-shafts, concave scrapers for shaping, 320

Specks, shining, on flints from the gravel, 565, 659

Spiennes,

cores from, 27;

flint manufactory at, 34;

stag’s horn hammers at, 35

Spindles, upright, of corn-mills, 242

Spindle-whorls, 436, &c.;

absent in palæolithic times, 657;

_cidares_ used as, 469;

in Kent’s Cavern, 492;

varieties of, 438

Spinning and weaving,

early practice of, 436;

method of, 437

Spinning-wheel, possible classical use of, 436

Spiral ornament

on bone bead, 211;

on glass bead, magic virtue of, 437

Splinters and flakes of flint, distinction between, 275

Springs in the chalk, 664, 675

Spurrell, Mr. Flaxman C. J.,

flint flakes replaced on cores by, 20, 606;

on final flaking of Danish daggers, 42;

implements found by, 572, 605, 606;

on ripple-marked Egyptian blades, 359;

on stone implement making at Kahun, 45;

on flakes mounted for sickles, 297

Staff-sling, its use in Roman times, 418

Stag’s horn,

axe or hoe of, 434;

bone-tipped implement of, 416;

for hafting celts, 128;

for hafting flakes, 292;

hammers of, 35, 41, 186, 434;

implements for arrow-flaking, 41, 393;

in interments, 148, 398;

in mines, 233, 234;

picks of, 33, 34;

punch of, for obsidian working, 25;

sockets of, 158, 161;

in Swiss Lake-dwelling, 321

Stalactite,

formation of, 479;

piece of in barrow, 466

Stalagmite,

deposition of, 479;

of Kent’s Cavern, 511

_Stan-æx_ and _stan-bill_, 145

Stanley, the late Hon. W. O.,

researches in Holyhead, 230, 234, 244,

252, 450, 466

Steatite,

cup of, 444;

New Caledonian sling-stones of, 418;

sawed with string and sand, 45;

tubes of in Ohio valley, 50;

its use for hollow vessels, 451

Steels with flints in Saxon graves, 283

Steenstrup,

on marks of attrition on celts, 89, 297;

as to use of Kjökken-mödding axes, 69

“Steenstrup’s markings” on oval blade, 337

Stevens, Mr. Alfred H.,

implements found by at Bournemouth, 635;

the late Mr. E. T., classification by, of palæolithic implements, 641,

644, 646–648;

implements found by, 627;

Dr. Joseph, drift implements found by, in Thames valley, 143, 591, 592;

referred to, 277

Stick, split, slinging by means of, 417

Stone of the Arrows, 262

Stone of Heaven, 5

Stone Age, division of into Earlier and Later stages, 12, 474

Stone and Bronze Periods, overlapping of, 89, 143, 150, 211, 471, &c.

Stone weight, name suggestive of origin, 443

Stopes, Mr. H., Syrian and Egyptian implements found by, 652

Strabo, on the exportation of amber to England, 449

“Strahlhammer,” 63

Streams, carrying power of, 666

“Strike-a-light” flints, arrow-heads used for, 400;

present manufacture of, 17, 21;

their resemblance to early scrapers, 314

Studs of amber, 456;

of jet with rings in interments, 454–456

_Strombus gigas_, gouge-like instrument formed from, 182

Stukeley, his account of a stone axe, 183;

on elf’s arrows, 366

Submarine forest at Bournemouth, 695;

at Hunstanton, celt found in tree of, 150

“Subterranean reservoir” of the chalk, 664

Suetonius on a portentous find of stone axes, 65

Superstitions concerning stone:

adzes, 59;

arrow-heads, 363–367;

axes, 62, 63, 145, 183;

celts, 56–61;

hammers, 62;

“lucky-stones,” 469;

pebbles, 467, 468;

“witch-stone,” 470

Surface-flaking of arrow-heads, 392, 393

Surface Period, synonymous with Neolithic, 12

Surface drainage, lessening with amelioration of climate, 676

Survival of bronze implements in religious rites, 5

Swiss Lake-dwellings,

arrow-heads, bone, in, 402;

animals, domesticated, 358;

awls, perforated, 323;

bastard gouges, 182;

bitumen, use of in hafting, 170, 409;

celts, socketed, 128, 136;

degree of civilization in, 358;

disc, perforated, 191;

flakes, trimmed, 327;

flakes, mounting of, 502;

hafting of celts, 167;

hafting of hatchets, 155, 158, 162;

knife, peculiar, 348;

needles of bone, 433;

sling-stones, 418

Swords,

bronze, 4;

leaf-shaped Egyptian, 8;

Mexican obsidian, 294

Sword-like blades, Irish, of slaty stone, 363

Syenite,

axe-hammer of, 211;

celt of, 127;

and greenstone, celts of at Kent’s Cavern, 488

Symonds, Rev. W. S., on changes in Wye valley, 521

T

“Taawisch,” Nootka Sound war axes, 157

Tacitus, on the arrows of the Fenni, 361

Tahitians,

their shaped sling-stones, 419;

sharpening of hatchets by, 263;

stone pestle of, 257

Tasmanians,

pebble superstitions among the, 468;

unmounted celts used by, 171

Taunus slate, perforated hoe of, 191

Taylor, Mr. J. B., African palæolithic implements brought by, 653

Teeth, attrition of, by grit from grinding-stones, 253, 254

Teneriffe, use of obsidian knives in, 8

Terraces of gravel left during erosion of valleys, 673;

near London, 590, 685;

in Waveney valley, 578

Tertiary implements, so called, 658

Teutonic interments, stone objects in, 468, 470

“Thesaurus Brandenburgicus,” occurrence of _Celtes_ in, 55

Thong-drill, use of, 48

“Thor’s Donnerkeil,” 51

Thor’s hammers, 62, 145, 184

Threshing instrument resembling the _tribulum_, 284

“Thumb-flint,” method of making, 36

“Thunder axes,” 56

“Thunder-stones” in Dutch Guiana, 271;

in Western Africa, 60

Thurburn, Capt. H., Greek celts brought by, 126;

African celt brought by, 241

Thurnam, the late Dr.,

on the connection of leaf-shaped arrow-heads with long barrows, 377;

on flat plates of stone, 427;

on javelin-heads, 370;

referred to, 244, 250, 269, 280, 291, 294, 309

_Tibia_, its use suggested by its name, 432

Tierra del Fuego, pyrites used in for producing fire, 15

Tiffin, Mr., junr., implements found by, 627, 634

Tiger, sabre-toothed,

in Kent’s Cavern, 508;

in Creswell Crags, 524

“Tilhuggersteene,” Danish, 241

Time, incalculable, needed for geological changes, 609, &c.

Tindall, Mr. E., implements found by, 249, 251, 295, 332

Tinder-boxes, no early record of the use of flint for, 17

Tiryns, flint flakes from, 403

Tobacco pipes, N. American, boring of, 52

“Toki” of the Maoris, 172

Toltecs, use of stone mortars by, 257

Tomahawks,

Australian, 26;

mounting of, 166;

time required to make, 52;

North American, 216

“Tonderkiler” and “Torden-steen,” 57

Tongue-shaped implements defined, 644;

found, 539, 572, 649

Topley, Mr. W.,

on possible ice action in Darent valley, 610;

ovate implement found by, 621

Tor Bryan Caves, 516, 517

Torquay Nat. Hist. Soc., exploration of Kent’s Cavern by, 490

Torquemada,

his account of Aztec obsidian working, 23;

on Mexican razors, 290

Touraine, flint industry of, 30

“Traba,” a form of _tribulum_, 284

“Trail and warp,” 698

Trees,

branches of, with bones under gravel, 595;

species of, in Bournemouth submarine forest, 695;

below Hitchin brick-earth, 537;

in Hoxne brick-earth, 575

Tremlett, Admiral, on the cutting power of jasper flakes, 6

Trephining, practice of, in the Stone Period, 289

Tribrach-formed instrument, 77, 78

_Tribulum_, Varro’s description of the, 284

Trigg formerly Prigg, the late Mr. Henry,

implements found by, 539–542, 550, 554–556, 558, 578;

section of Redhill by, 551

Trimmer, Mr., on Trail and Warp, 698

Trou de Chaleux, pyrites in, 286

Trough, triturating, 252

Troy,

earthenware whorls from site of, 439;

sling-bullets from, 418

Troyon, M.,

on stone boring, 50;

on the use of sand in sawing stone, 44

Truguet, M. Franck de, Swiss boring instrument found by, 46

Trunk interments, 398, 447, 448

Tube,

boring by means of, 47, 49, 52;

in Klemm collection, 49

_Tubularia_, hammer-head of fossil mass of, 229

Tumulus, mixing of objects of different date in, 210

Turquoise mines, stone hammers found in, 234

Turquoises on Mexican dagger-hilt, 325

“Turtle-backs” of Trenton, 80, 654

Tuscans, their ceremonial use of a bronze plough-share, 5

Tusks of wild boar in interments, 83, 148, 328, 427

Tweezers,

bone, 433;

bronze, 433, 440

“Twibill,” 146

Twigs, hafting of stone blade by, 347

Tylor, Mr. Alfred,

on detritus brought down by rivers, 667;

on fluviatile beds, near London, 584;

on the “Pluvial Period,” 698

Tylor, Dr. E. B.,

on etymology of “superstition,” 8;

on obsidian working in Peru, 24, 290;

on stone drilling, 48

Tyndall, Prof., on conditions of glacier formation, 698

U

Ulna of whale, axe made of, 435

_Ulus_, or Eskimo women’s knives, 343

Ulysses, his use of the drill, 48

“Underground house of Skaill,” objects found in, 255

Upsala, axe in museum of, with Runic inscription, 58

Urns,

bronze and stone objects in, 208, 269, &c.;

ornamented, found with bracer, 427;

jet ornaments with, 456;

wooden bodkin in, 433

Use, traces of, on implements, 504, 555, 647

Utensils, domestic, 436–451

V

Valleys,

climatal changes shewn by deposits in, 699;

erosion of, later than cave deposits, 513, 521;

erosion of, later than gravel deposits, 580;

erosion of, affected by changes of climate, 666, 676, 697;

erosion of, hypothetical, 662–678;

retrogression of heads of, 674, 683, 686

Valley slopes, detritus gradually left on, 673

Varro, his description of the _tribulum_, 284

Vegetable fibre,

use of, in hafting arrows, 407, 409;

matter, decaying, a source of carbonic acid, 675

Venus, Paphian, on Cypriote coins, 10

_Vesica piscis_-formed implements, 647

Vessels, stone, in English barrows, 450, 451

Vertebræ, human,

with arrow-heads embedded,

at the Grotte du Castellet, 375, 401;

in la Marne, 396;

near Copiapo, 406

Victoria Cave,

doubly barbed harpoon from, 505;

River, stone working on the banks of the, 26

Viking grave of woman, slick-stone in, 442

Villas, Roman, stone celts found in, 144

Vincent of Beauvais as to derivation of “silex,” 15

Vincent, M., his early discovery of flint implement, 527

Virginia, early account of arrow-chipping by Indians of, 40

Virgil,

bronze arms mentioned by, 4;

bronze sickle of Elissa, 5;

on flint and steel, 16;

quoted as to _jactare_, 147

Vivian, Mr. E., his examination of Kent’s Cavern, 488, 490

Vogt, Prof. Carl, suggestions as to stone roundels, 49

Vogué, M. de, Syrian palæolithic implement obtained by, 652

Von Estorff on stone boring, 49

Von Sacken, Baron, on the Hallstatt graves, 7

Vulgate, occurrence of _Celte_ in, 55

W

Wallong, the Australian, 243

Walrus, remains of, in Whittlesea Mere, 681

Walrus tooth used for tipping flaking tools, 24

Wapiti, chisels made from horn of, 434

War-axe

of Gaveoë Indians, 156;

of Nootka Sound Indians, 157

War,

blunting of axes for, 196;

or chase, probable use of stone balls in, 422;

decorations on weapons of, 226

War maces,

possible use of circular pebbles as, 231;

paint, interment of, with the dead, 264

Waring, Miss, drift implement found by, 608

“Warp and trail,” 593, 698

Warren, Mr. Hazzeldine, implements found by, 139, 603

Washing linen, “batting staff” employed in, 256

“Wasters,” presence of, in flint implement manufactories, 385, 649

Water,

its action on flint, 497;

carbonic-acid-charged, its action on chalk, 477, 557;

fresh, drift beds deposited by, 662;

transporting power of, 513;

transporting power dependent on rate of flow, 667

Water-mills, stone pivots and sockets for, 242

Watson, Mr. Knight, on the word _Celte_ in Vulgate, 56

Wauwyl, flint manufactory at, 22

Way, the late Mr. Albert,

his finds at Bournemouth, 635, 637;

on the submerged forest at Bournemouth, 695;

referred to, 74, 160, 254, 340, 347;

Miss, drift implement found by, 636

Weapons,

association of, with decorations in graves, 460;

bronze, in the heroic times, 4;

elaboration of, a mark of dignity, 216, 226;

hammer-heads as, 224;

probable use of perforated axes as, 215;

Scandinavian form of, found in Britain, 213;

wearing and re-chipping of, 349

Wear on implements, its evidence as to mode of use, 311

Weaving,

early practice of, 436;

possible use of perforated stones in, 237

Weaverthorpe, stag’s horn pick found at, 34

Wedding dress cut out by stone knife, 348

Wedge,

bone, 24;

certain celts possibly used as, 82, 87, 655;

of granite, 97;

tightening of hafting by means of, 233

Wells in the chalk, varying height of water in, 664

Westlake, Mr. E., implement found by, 632

Wexovius as to reindeer marrow, 504

Weights for scales, stones as, 443

Whale, axe made from ulna of, 435;

remains of near Cambridge, 681

Wheel-lock, use of pyrites in, 16

Whetstones, 261–271;

of the Bronze Period, 268;

in caves, 504;

Danish, 264, 265;

with gold cup in coffin, 449;

in interments, 185, 268, 271, 332, 353;

with iron loop for suspension, 270;

with metal handles, 270, 271;

Spanish perforated, 438

Whitaker, Mr. W., palæolithic implements found by, 538, 587, 607, 611,

612, 613

Whitbourn, the late Mr., implement found by, in Wey valley, 319, 594

White pebbles, symbolism of, 468

Whitening of flint, 497, 549, 556

Wild goose, remains of, in Fisherton beds, 631

Wilde, Sir William,

on boring instruments for stone, 47;

on classification of arrow-heads, 370;

late use of stone implements recorded by, 11;

on Irish treatment of sick cattle, 365;

on use of celt in Irish weaving, 440;

referred to, 154, 177, 215, 223, 232, 270, 272, 308

Willett, Mr. Ernest,

his explorations at Cissbury, 78;

his discovery at Brighton, 622

William of Poitiers quoted, 146

Williams. Rev. T. J., on white stones in interments, 468

Wilson, the late Sir Daniel,

on American stone hammers, 235;

on celt found in canoe, 150;

on “elf-arrows,” 366;

on a find of “Picts’ knives,” 346;

on stone boring, 47;

on stone cups as lamps, 445

Wire, Mr. A. P., pointed implement found by, 603

“Witch-stone” as protection for cattle, 476

Withies, stone implements hafted by, 167, 168, 233, 239

“Witters” or barbs of arrow-heads, 370, _note_

“Women’s knives,” Eskimo, 343

Wood,

bodkin of, in urn, 433;

fire produced by friction of, 313;

fossil, from Thanet sands, 620;

method of preserving, 152;

spindles of, with Roman remains, 439;

split, hafting of daggers in, 349;

split, hafting of spear-heads in, 350;

stone boring by means of, 48, 49, 50, 52;

used for splintering obsidian, 24

Wood, Rev. J. G., his Nat. Hist. of Man referred to, 166, 167, 168, 299

Woods, various, used for hafting implements, 153, 155, 159, 160, 162,

163, 164

Wooden

cup with handle in barrow, 448;

figures, carved Egyptian, 369;

objects associated with celts, 152

Woodward, Dr. Henry,

crystal pick described by, 235;

the late Dr. S. P., referred to, 627

Woodward, Dr., his suggestion as to arrow-heads, 407

Wookey Hyæna Den, 517–520

Wool, tissues of, in bronze interments, 437

Woollen cloth, skeleton wrapped in, 448

Worm, Olaf,

on early stone implements, 363;

his recognition of a Greenland harpoon, 410

Worsaae, Prof.,

suggestions as to early stone boring, 47, 48;

referred to, 191, 232, 261, 271, 278, 298, 308, 353, 448

Wright, Mr. Arthur G., drift implement found by, 539

Wrist-guards of stone, 425–428

Wyatt, the late Mr. James,

finds of implements, 572, 613;

his section of Ouse valley, 531;

referred to, 101, 110, 245, 340

Wye Valley, geological changes in, 521

Wyeth, Mr., on arrow-chipping by Snake River Indians, 40

X

Xanthorrhæa gum, its use in hafting hatchets, 137, 170

Xerxes, stone and iron-tipped arrows used by army of, 368

Y

Yew,

flake-handle of, 292;

in Hoxne beds, 575;

probable use of for British bows, 411

Young, Mr. Lambton, C.E., drift implement from the Thames found by, 588

Yun-nan, jade-working in, 110

Z

Zinck, M., his criticisms on distinctions between palæo- and neo-lithic

forms, 649

Zigzag

incised lines on sandstone cup, 444;

ornamentation on stone bracer, 430

Zunis of New Mexico, arrow-head charms among the, 367

|732|

INDEX, GEOGRAPHICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL.

BEDFORDSHIRE.

Bedford, 530, 645

Bedfordshire, 277

Biddenham, 495, 531, 532, 680

Biggleswade, 538

Bossington, 530

Cardington,531

Dallow Farm, near Luton, 598

Dunstable Downs, 72, 468

Harrowden, 531

Henlow, 536

Honey Hill, 531

Houghton Regis, 598

Kempston, 105, 125, 245, 340, 353, 531, 535

Leagrave Marsh, 598

Leighton Buzzard, 91, 530

Luton, 229

Maiden Bower, near Dunstable, 69, 281, 301, 310, 334, 374, 376, 379,

415

Miller’s Bog, near Pavenham, 101

Sandy, 427

Summerhouse Hill, 531

Tempsford, 536

Wanlud’s Bank, Luton, 68

BERKSHIRE.

Abingdon, 103, 389

Berkshire, 381

Cherbury Camp, Pusey, 111

Childrey, 391

Cholsey, 593

Cockmarsh, 309

Gould’s Heath, 393

Great Shefford, 309

Grovelands, 591

Kennet Mouth Pit, near Newtown, 592

Lambourn Down, 186, 318, 349, 384, 399, 434, 455

Maidenhead, 174, 591

Pig’s Green, near Reading, 592

Reading, 591, 592

Redlands, 592

Ruscombe, 591

Sunninghill, 229

Sutton Courtney, 389

Thatcham, near Newbury, 76

Wallingford, 343, 390, 592

Wokingham, 592

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.

Burnham, 591

Chalvey Grove, Eton Wick, 101

Dawley, near West Drayton, 591

Great Missenden, 596

Iver, 591

Langley, 591

Marlow, 591

Pulpit Wood, Prince’s Risborough, 281, 310

Taplow, 591

CAMBRIDGESHIRE.

Aldreth, 390

Barnwell Gravels, 538, 539

Bartlow Hills, 68

Bottisham Fen, 68, 73, 116, 174, 335, 350, 539

Bottisham Lode, 110

Bourn Fen, 383

Burnt Fen, Prickwillow, Ely, 68, 330, 351, 376, 383

Burwell Fen, 68, 72–75, 88, 92, 93, 107, 109, 115, 125, 174, 175, 178,

191, 263, 332, 336, 340, 343, 351, 390, 538

Cambridge, 310, 326, 340

Cambridge Fens, 70, 71, 92, 100, 104, 116, 125, 178, 251, 277, 332,

334, 343, 431, 538, 539, 680

Cambridgeshire, 77, 202, 251, 439, 443

Chatteris, 538

Chatteris Fen, 200, 384

Chesterford, 139, 194

Chesterton, 229, 538, 539

Coldham’s Common, 125

Coton, 101, 104, 116

Cottenham, 135, 200, 269

Digby Fen, 104

Ely, 202

Girton, 431

Grantchester, 129

Hare Park, 352

Histon, 103

Ickleton, 144

Inglewood Forest, 198

Isleham, 383

Jackdaw Hill, 351

Kate’s Bridge, 104

Kennett Station, 539

Litlington, 240

Manea, 116

March, 681

Melbourn, 173

Newmarket, 229

Orwell, Wimpole, 222

Quy Fen, 174, 340, 351

Rampton, 111

Reach Fen, 75, 88, 92, 102, 122, 138, 222, 383, 385, 389

Redmore Fen, Littleport, 228

Six-Mile Bottom, 539

Soham Fen, 116, 459, 539

Swaffham Fen, 92, 95, 110, 125, 191, 343, 431, 539

Upper Hare Park, 539

Waterbeach, 681, 687

Wicken Fen, 68, 389

Whittlesea Mere, 681

CHESHIRE.

Alderley Edge, 234

Cheshire, 200

Gatley, 243

Macclesfield, 251

Northenden, 194

Siddington, Macclesfield, 200

Tabley, Knutsford, 183

Tranmere, 151

CORNWALL.

Angrowse Mullion, 314

Bochym, Cury, 130, 242

Boscregan, 455

Brane Common, 269

Carn Brê, 309, 331, 334, 389

Cornwall, 56, 130, 251, 252, 253, 279, 437, 439

Falmouth, 107

Kerris Vaen, 257

Pelynt, 72, 214

Rillaton, 448, 449

St. Agnes, Truro, 389

St. Just, 84

Tregaseal, St. Just, 269

Trevelgue, 210

Truro, 122, 138

CUMBERLAND.

Burns, Keswick, 225

Carlisle, 202, 255

Castle Carrock, 330

Cumberland, 106, 112, 117, 194, 200, 257, 395

Ehenside Tarn, 133, 152, 200, 251, 259, 265

Great Salkeld, 117

Hallgaard Farm, Birdoswald, 224

Inglewood Forest, 198

Irthington, 353

Keswick, 96, 118, 225

Kirkoswald, 200

Lazenby Fell, 262

Melmerby, 240

Mawbray, 198

North Lonsdale, 200

Ousby Moor, 202

Penrith Beacon, 104

Plumpton, Penrith, 198

Red Dial, Wigton, 201

Rusland, 200

Solway Moss, 119

Troutbeck, 200

Wigton, 117

DERBYSHIRE.

Alsop, 467

Arbor Low, 72, 343, 352, 458

Ashford-in-the-Water, 443, 467, 632

Bakewell, 463

Ballidon Moor, 280

Belper, 230

Biggin, 434

Blake Low, 352

Borrowash, 197

Borther Low, Middleton, 398

Brassington, 389

Breadsale Moor, 225

Brierlow, Buxton, 108

Buxton, 366, 455

Carder Low, Hartington, 194, 467

Castleton, 467

Church Hole Cave, Creswell, 522, 523

Cow Low, Buxton, 309, 457

Creswell Caves, 522

Cronkstone Hill, 309

Cross Low, Parwich, 149

Derbyshire Moors, 394, 400

Derbyshire, 143, 279, 309, 324, 332, 341, 352, 375, 377, 378, 381, 385,

389, 394, 400, 432, 459, 467

Dow Low, 313

Elton Moor, 139, 148, 313, 467

Gospel Hillock Barrow, Buxton, 149

Green Low, Alsop Moor, 313, 352, 388, 399, 416, 432

Grind Low, Over Haddon, 458

Haddon Field, 432

Harborough Rocks, 372

Hargate Wall, 457

Hay-Top Barrow, Monsal Dale, 463

Hollingsclough, 279

Hopton, 107

Hungry Bentley, 394, 463

Ken’s Low Farm, 214

Lean Low, Newhaven, 340

Liff’s Low, Biggin, 91, 148, 295

Longcliffe, 372

Mam Tor, 342

Middleton, 253, 467

Middleton Moor, 96, 136, 389, 393

Mining Low, 343

Monsal Dale, 309, 434

Mother Grundy’s Parlour, Creswell Crags, 522

Nether Low, Chelmorton, 352

Net Low, Alsop Moor, 453

Newhaven, 343

Parcelly Hay Barrow, Hartington, 214

Readon Hill, Ramshorn, 467

Ringham Low, 377

Robin Hood’s Cave, Creswell, 522, 523

Smerrill Moor, 432

Stanton Moor, 463

Thor’s Cave, 438

Three Lows, The, Wetton, 352

Throwley, 186, 467

Tideswell, 186

Upper Edge, 279

Wetton, 451

Winster, 198, 259

Wormhill, Buxton, 96, 104

DEVONSHIRE.

Ashbury, 200

Axminster, 639

Beer Head, 15

Blackbury Castle, 279

Bridge Farm, Tawton, 92

Brixham, 222

Brixham Cave, 490, 499, 512–517

Broad Down, Honiton, 264, 314, 445–7

Broom, 639

Burnt Tor, Dartmoor, 200

Cattedown, Plymouth, 517

Chagford, 331

Chard, 639

Comb-Pyne, 249

Croyde, 279

Cullompton, 639

Dartmoor, 257, 279, 389

Devonshire, 195, 279, 300, 421, 694

Happaway Cavern, Torquay, 517

Hartland, 89

Hawkchurch, 639

Holsworthy, 200

Kentisbeare, 630

Kent’s Cavern, Torquay, 321, 325, 465, 488–511, 535, 657

Langtree, 240

North Bovey, 192

Penbeacon, Dartmoor, 266

Plymouth, 389

Prince Town, Dartmoor, 378, 390

Thorverton, Exeter, 225

Tor Bryan Caves, Denbury, 516, 517

Torre Abbey Sands, Torbay, 415

Torquay, 116

Ugborough, 192

Withycombe Raleigh, 200

DORSETSHIRE.

Afflington, 456

Badbury Rings, 310

Blandford, 60, 390

Bradford Abbas, 309, 373

Creakmoor, Poole, 122

Dewlish, 638

Dorsetshire, 77, 248, 249, 279, 301, 389, 432, 691, 694

Farnham, 75

Hod Hill, 93, 176, 230, 310, 419

Isle of Portland, 113, 249

Iwerne Minster Down, 174, 379

Jordan Hill, Weymouth, 249

King Barrow, Stowborough, Wareham, 447

Knowle, 269

Langton, Blandford, 125

Lyme Regis, 35

Maiden Castle, 70

Morton, Dorchester, 91

Pistle Down, 377

Poundbury Camp, Dorchester, 301, 310

Povington, 445

Ridgway Hill, 328, 385

Tarrant Launceston, 126

Wareham, 127

Wimborne Minster, 634

Winterbourn Steepleton, 210

Woodcuts Common, 144, 448, 465

DURHAM.

Coves Houses, Wolsingham, 229

Cowshill in Weardale, 106

Heathery Burn Cave, Stanhope, 432, 464

Jarrow, 101

Lanchester Common, 383

Millfield, Sunderland, 194

Newton Ketton, 378

Raby Castle, 105

Sherburn, 125

ESSEX.

Audley End, 254

Barking, 603

Battlebridge, 583

Blunt’s Hill, Witham, 75

Clacton, 687

Colchester, 193, 578

East Ham, 603

Epping Forest, 254

Epping Uplands, 229

Felstead, 578

Forest Gate, 603

Gray’s, 15

Gray’s Thurrock, 603

Great Easton, Dunmow, 173

Grove Green Lane, Leyton, 603

Higham Hill, 603

Ilford, 603

Lake’s Farm, Camshall Lane, Wanstead, 603

Lea Marshes, 111

Lexden Park, Colchester, 578

Leyton, 603

Leytonstone, 603

Littlebury, Saffron Walden, 538

Little Thurrock, 536, 603

Mucking, 603

North End Place, Felstead, 578

Orsett, 603

Plaistow, 603

Quendon, 538

Rainham, 603

St. Swithin’s Farm, Barking Side, 603

Shoeburyness, 604

Southend, 603

Stifford, Gray’s Thurrock, 93, 229

Stratford, 603, 604

Temple Mills Lane, Stratford, 100

Tilbury, 603

Upton, 603

Wallend, 604

Waltham, 229

Walthamstow, 603

Walton-on-the-Naze, 125, 310

Wanstead, 603

West Ham, 603

Windmill Hill, Saffron Walden, 336

Wolseys, Dunmow, 351

GLOUCESTERSHIRE.

Cirencester, 116

Gloucestershire, 277, 381, 393, 400

Great Witcombe, 144

Hinchcombe, 89

Mitcheldean, 291

Oakley Park, Cirencester, 280

Rodmarton, 280, 377, 468

Snowshill, 212

Snow in the Wold, 390

Turkdean, 389

Uley, 280

Whittington Wood, 244

HAMPSHIRE.

Alton, 595

Andover, 70

Ashey Down, Isle of Wight, 469

Barton, 637, 687

Barton Cliff, 647

Basingstoke, 314

Bembridge, Isle of Wight, 105, 626, 693

Bere, Forest of, 77, 82

Bishopstow, 101

Boscombe, 635, 636

Bournemouth, 74, 291, 378, 390, 392, 635, 687, 690, 693–696

Bourne Valley Pottery, 636

Brown Down, 689

Brunage, 625

Chuton Bunny, 637

Dunmer, 72

Ellisfield Camp, 72

Fleming Arms, Swathling, 624

Fordingbridge, 634

Foreland, Isle of Wight, 626, 693

Freemantle, 623

Hampshire, 81, 92, 100, 279, 687

Hengistbury Head, 694

Hill Head, 623, 625, 689

Hordwell, 687, 694, 707

Horndean, 389

Isle of Wight, 78, 101, 687

Lee on the Solent, 626, 689

Lichfield, 309

Milford, 637

Minley Manor, Blackwater, 125

Needles, The, Isle of Wight, 691

New Forest, 687

Petersfield Heath, 468

Portsmouth, 111

Redbridge, 624

St. Mary Bourne, Andover, 70, 277, 281

Seaview, Isle of Wight, 626, 693

Selsey, 693, 701

Solent, 690, &c.

Southampton, 623, 688

Southampton, Town Pit, 624

Southampton Water, 689

Southbourne-on-Sea, 498

Southsea Common, 626

Stone, 638

Swathland, 624

Warsash, 626

HEREFORDSHIRE.

King Arthur’s Cave, Whitchurch, Ross, 521

HERTFORDSHIRE.

Abbot’s Langley, 78, 87, 139, 291, 301

Albury, Bishop’s Stortford, 100

Apsley, 597

Ashwell, 380, 382

Ayot St. Peter, 602

Baldock, 177

Bayford, 602

Bearton Green, Hitchin, 536

Bedmond, 78, 596, 597

Bengeo, 602

Bishop’s Stortford, 602

Bushey Park, Watford, 597

Caddington, 598, 686, 698

Eddlesborough and Tring, between, 382

Fisher’s Green, Stevenage, 602

Flamstead End, 603

Harpenden, 601

Hertford, 602

Hertfordshire, 70, 277, 664

Hitchin, 537

Hitchin and Pirton, between, 114, 437, 536, 685

Hunsdon, Ware, 389

Ickleford, Hitchin, 536

King’s Langley, 572

Knebworth, 602

Mount Pleasant, Kensworth, 600

No Man’s Land, Wheathampstead, 601, 602

North Mimms, 602

Panshanger, 101

Pesterford Bridge, Bishop’s Stortford, 603

St. Alban’s, 258

Sandridge, 229

Stocking Pelham, 603

Tring Grove, 383, 398, 426, 456

Verulamium, 283

Ware, 70, 228, 334, 602

Watford, 597

Wellbury, Offley, 190

Welwyn, 602

Welwyn Tunnel, 602

Wheathampstead, 601

Wigginton, 597

HUNTINGDONSHIRE.

Abbots Ripton, 538

Elton, Oundle, 573

Hartford, 104, 538

Keystone, 137

Little Orton, 573

Overton Longville, 573

KENT.

Ash, 144, 145, 608

Aylesford, 610

Bewley, 608

Bexley, 103, 357

Bigborough Hill, Canterbury, 389

Bigborough Wood, Tunford, Canterbury, 102

Bishopstone, 613

Canterbury, 70, 616, 618

Canterbury, New Cemetery, 620

Chart Farm, Ightham, 174, 608

Chatham, 469

Chatham, Engineering School, 611

Chilham, 542, 620

Chislet, 617

Cobham, 611

Cockerhurst Farm, Shoreham, 608

Crayford, 606, 607

Currie Farm, 605

Currie Wood, Shoreham, 605

Dartford Heath, 605

Dover, Priory Valley, 91

Erith, 607

Fane Hill, 608

Faversham, 611

Ferry Harty, Isle of Sheppey, 154

Folkestone, 281, 621

Galley Hill, 607

Gillingham, 611

Green Street Green, 604, 605

Grovehurst, Milton, 331, 357, 378

Hampton, 540

Hartlip, 611

Harty, Isle of Sheppey, 269

Herne Bay, 613

High Street, Chislet, 291

Hollingbourne, 258

Horton Kirby, 607

Ightham, 608

Isle of Thanet, 309, 331, 334

Kingsdown, 139

Kit’s Coty House, 378

Leeds Castle, 309

Lewisham, 604

Lullingstone, 608

Maidstone, 281, 353

Marden Church, 610

Meopham, 611

Milton, 310

Milton Street, 607

Moldash, 612

Newington, 611

North Downs, 609, 686

Northfleet, 607, 686, 703

Nursted, 611

Oldbury, Ightham, 92

Oldbury Hill, 608

Old Haven Gap, 617

Ospringe, Faversham, 611

Otterham Quay, Chatham, 611

Ramsgate, 389

Ravensbourne Valley, 604

Reculver, 613–617, 642

Regulbium, 283

Rowton Chapel, Lenham, 618

St. Mary, Hundred of Hoo, 611

Sandling, 610

Seal, 608

Selling, 612

Shoreham, 71

Sittingbourne, 279, 427

Slade’s Green Pit, Crayford, 606

Stoke, 611

Stone Pit Farm, 608

Stone Street, 608

Studhill, 617

Summer Hill, Canterbury, 279

Swalecliffe, 617

Swanscombe, 607

Teynham, 611

Thanington, 540, 619

Tunbridge, 309

Tweedale, 611

Wear Farm, Chislet, 620

West Malling, 610

West Wickham, 248, 295, 310, 334

Wickham Road, Lewisham, 604

Wincheap, Canterbury, 619, 620

LANCASHIRE.

Ayside, Newby Bridge, Windermere, 198

Bull Hill, 378, 380

Claughton Hall, Garstang, 210

Conishead Priory, 104

Dean, Bolton, 200

Furness, 202, 229

Haydock, Newton, 230

Heathwaite, Furness, 465

Hopwood, 200

Lancashire, 209, 257, 279, 325, 389

Lancaster, 427

Liverpool Docks, 168

Newton, 118

Saddleworth, 200

Shaw Hill, Flixton, 118

Silverdale, 230

Solway Moss, Longtown, 119, 151

Torver, 230

Toxteth, 96

Wavertree, 389

Windy Harbour Farm, Pendle, 117

Winwick, Warrington, 212

LEICESTERSHIRE.

Barrow-on-Soar, 200

Breedon, 259, 467

Cliff Hill, 103, 254

Leicester, 144, 200, 389, 435

Loughborough, 111, 129

Osbaston, 251

Sutton Cheney, 432

Wymeswold, 470

LINCOLNSHIRE.

Broughton, 279, 332

Fiskerton, 350

Gunthorpe, 373

Lincolnshire, 431

Manton, 389

Newport, 225

Spalding, 124

MIDDLESEX.

Abney Park Cemetery, 586

Acton, 589, 590, 591

Bull’s Cross, Enfield, 603

Bush Hill Park, Enfield, 603

Dalston, 586

Dawley, West Drayton, 591

Ealing Dean, 589

Ealing, The Mount, 591

Edmonton, 603

Forty Hill, Enfield, 603

Gunnersbury, 591

Hackney, 586

Hackney Downs, 584

Hanwell, 591

Highbury New Park, 585

Hillingdon, 591

Homerton, 586

Hounslow, 591

Hounslow, Heath, 334

Kingsland, 586

London, 127, 229, 530, 656

London, City, 586

London, Clerkenwell, 583, 586

London, Drury Lane, 583

London, Gray’s Inn Lane, 583

London, Jermyn Street, 583

London, London Fields, 586

London, Main Drainage Works, 101

London, Prince’s Street, Oxford Street, 583

Lower Clapton, 586, 587

Mildmay Park, 586

Mill Hill, 589

Northwood, Harefield, 102

Rowan Tree Farm, Lower Edmonton, 603

Shacklewell, 584, 586

South Hornsey, 586

Southwell, 591

Stamford Hill, 586, 587

Stoke Newington, 310, 586, 587

Teddington, 76, 279

Twickenham, 222

Upper Clapton, 586

MONMOUTHSHIRE.

Penhow, 269, 279

NORFOLK.

Ash Wicken, 572

Attleborough, 390

Aylsham, 100, 381

Barton Bendish, 100

Beachamwell, 100

Blofield, 100

Bolton, Great Yarmouth, 100

Breccles, 100

Bromehill Pit, Weeting, 560

Buckenham, 34

Caistor, 229

Catton, 15

Congham, 229

Corton Beach, Yarmouth, 357

Cromer, 253, 463, 572

Dull’s Lane, Loddon, 125

Dunham, 91

East Runton, 572

Eaton, 34

Elsing, 100

Feltwell, 174, 458

Gallows Corner, Aylmerton, 572

Grime’s Graves, Brandon, 33–35, 40, 72, 77, 125, 248, 277, 281, 322,

390, 431, 451

Harleston, 228

Heckingham Common, 103

Hilgay Fen, 100, 255

Hunstanton, 150

King’s Lynn, 572

Leziate, 572

Little Cressingham, 460

Little Dunham, 70

Lopham Ford, 107

Lyng, 229

Massingham Heath, 83

Narborough, Swaffham, 100

Narford, 231

Necton, 202, 390

Norfolk, 77, 200, 279

North Walsham, 173

Norwich, 77

Oxburgh, 100

Pentney, 103, 151

Redhill, Therford, 550, &c.

Rockland, 223

Shrub Hill, Feltwell, 96, 390, 550, 568, 569

South Wootton, 572

Sporle, Swaffham, 229, 240

Stanford, 91

Swannington, 110

Tasborough, 200

Thetford, 69, 75, 92, 93, 142, 291, 385

Thorpe, 91

Trimingham, 100

Wereham, Stoke Ferry, 142

Westacre Hall, 102

Weston, 90, 139

West Runton, Cromer, 572

Whitehill, 550, 556

Yarmouth, 229

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.

Gilsborough, 110

King’s Sutton, 130

Little Wansford, Great Weldon, 350

Northampton, 124

Norton, Daventry, 352

Oundle, 301, 373, 378

Peterborough, 681

Pytchley, 281

Towcester, 104

NORTHUMBERLAND.

Alnwick, 199

Amble, 280

Barrasford, 200

Bellingham, North Tyne, 126

Birtley, 259

Branton, 126

Burradon, 103, 116

Chollerford, 330

Coldstream, 168

Doddington, 116

Eglingham, 463

Ford Common, 330, 333

Great Tosson, 453

Halton Chesters, 105

Harbottle Peels, 241

Haydon Bridge, 200

Helton, 202

Hipsburn, 200

Holystone, 194

Ilderton, 117

Kielder Burn, North Tyne, 388

Northumberland, 244, 331

Percy’s Leap, 235

Ponteland, 105

Seghill, 208

Shilbottle, 200

Thirstone, 200

Throckley Fell, 128

Tosson, Rothbury, 455

Twisel, Norham, 223

Weetwood, 253

Woodhall, Harbottle, 92

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.

Beeston, 210

Sand Hills, Wollaton, 204

OXFORDSHIRE.

Alchester, 144, 442

Bagley Wood, 593

Barcoot, Dorchester, 264

Brighthampton, 294

Broadwell, 594

Callow Hill, 281, 309, 376

Caversham, 592

Caversham, Henley Road, 592

Cockshott Hill, Wychwood Forest, 160

Dorchester, 247

Dorchester, Dykes, 332, 384

Eynsham, 101

Ipsden, 593

Marston Ferry, 593

Oxford, 593

Oxfordshire, 279, 381, 400

Sarsden House, Chipping Norton, 390

Shiplake, 592

Standlake, 125, 389, 398

Toots Farm, Caversham, 592

Wolvercote, 593, 594

SHROPSHIRE.

Hardwick, Bishop’s Castle, 202

SOMERSETSHIRE.

Athelney, 468

Barwick, 390

Camerton, 269

Chard, 639

Cheddar Pass, 486

Glastonbury, 200

Hamden Hill, Ilchester, 396

Little Solsbury Hill, Bath, 25, 247, 277, 281, 310, 374

Priddy, 389

Somersetshire, 281

Stourton, 192, 200

West Coker, 249, 259

West Cranmore, 295

Wookey Hyæna Den, 517–520

Worle Hill, 283

STAFFORDSHIRE.

Bailey Hill, 433

Beresford, 362

Castern, 263, 455

Elkstone, 253

Grub Low, 377

Leek, 362

Long Low, Wetton, 234, 377

Mouse Low, 399, 432

Musdin, 330

Ribden Low, 330, 432, 433

Shuttlestone Barrow, Parwich Moor, 309

Staffordshire, 377, 432

Stone, 202

Wetton, 451

SUFFOLK.

Alderton, 102

Bardwell, 192

Barrow, Bury St. Edmund’s, 439

Barton Mills, 390

Beeches Pit, West Stow, 542

Botany Bay, Brandon, 568

Botesdale, 100, 110

Brandon, 14, 17–21, 427, 550, 562, 568

Brick-kiln Farm, Brandon, 565, 566

Bury St. Edmund’s, 91, 174, 540, 656

Cardwell, 550

Cavenham, 142

Clare Castle, 229

Cross Bank, Mildenhall, 337

Culford, 88

Debenham, 91

Eriswell, 550

Eye, 229

Felixstow, 207, 218

Fornham All Saints, 542

Gravel Hill, Brandon, 507, 562, 563

Great Wratting, Haverhill, 229

Grindle Pit, Bury St. Edmund’s, 540

Grundisburgh, 100, 223

Helmingham, 280

Helperthorpe, 89

Hepworth, 100, 102

Herringswell, 539

High Lodge Hill, Mildenhall, 549, 643, 685

Hoxne, 373, 390, 530, 573, 574, 577

Icklingham, 14, 70, 87, 93, 176, 228, 249, 278, 281, 291, 329, 332,

334, 335, 337, 339, 341, 343, 373–375, 382, 383, 389, 390, 393,

543, 546, 643

Ipswich, 34, 100, 193, 353

Kenny Hill, Mildenhall, 78, 295

Kesgrave, 100

Lackford, 112, 113

Lakenheath, 73, 125, 307, 334, 340, 341, 373, 375, 376, 385, 389, 391,

393, 394

Livermere, 116

Maid’s Cross, 550;

Old Churchyard, 566;

The Broom, Maid’s Cross, 566

Market Weston, 100

Martlesham Hill, 89

Melford Junction, 578

Melton, Woodbridge, 174

Mildenhall, 42, 56, 67, 68, 73, 75, 88, 91, 93, 104, 110, 229, 230,

291, 336, 341

North Stow, 176, 356

Nowton, 542, 559

Playford, 101

Rampart Hill, Icklingham, 539, 543, 544, 545

Redgrave, 110, 228

Santon Downham, Thetford, 70, 92, 99, 542, 550, 552, 554–559, 647,

660

Shelley, 106

Sicklesmere, Bury St. Edmund’s, 542

Sproughton, 126

Stanifield, Bury St. Edmund’s, 228

Staunton, Ixworth, 389

Stonham, 281

Stow Heath, 100

Stowmarket, 110

Stutton, 578

Sudbury, 117, 578

Suffolk, 71, 89, 177, 248, 277, 279, 301, 307, 310, 324, 328, 332, 335,

337, 377, 381, 382, 383, 391, 393, 395, 400, 419, 539

Sutton, 111, 231, 427

Swan Brake, North Stow, Bury St. Edmund’s, 342

Thetford Warren, 74, 75, 556

Thingoe Hill, Bury St. Edmund’s, 541

Thurston, 97

Troston, 97, 128

Undley Common, Lakenheath, 94;

Hall, 100

Wangford, 389, 562

Warren Hill, 543, 544, 546, 547

Warren Lodge, 548

Westhall, 442

Westleton Walks, 179

Westley, 542

West Stow, 92, 176, 389

Wilton Heath, 193