lieutenants, two ensigns, one assistant surgeon, twenty serjeants,
four drummers, and four hundred rank and file, marched from
Bellary, for Belgaum, on field service in the Doab, on the 1st of
October, 1820, and arrived at its destination on the 23rd of that
month.
[Sidenote: 1821]
[Sidenote: 1823]
During the years 1821, 1822, and 1823, the head-quarters of the
regiment continued to be stationed at Bellary.
[Sidenote: 1824]
On the 31st of October, 1824, a detachment of the regiment,
consisting of one captain, four lieutenants, eight serjeants, nine
corporals, two drummers, and a hundred and forty-four privates,
under the command of Captain Charles Dawe, proceeded from Bellary
towards the southern Mahratta country, and was joined on the 10th
of November by a second detachment of the FORTY-SIXTH from Belgaum,
under the command of Captain William Nairn, consisting of one
captain, one lieutenant, one ensign, five serjeants and one hundred
rank and file.
The remainder of the detachment from Belgaum, under the command
of Major (Brevet-Lieut. Colonel) Thomas Willshire, joined the
above, on the 2nd of December, before the Fort of _Kittoor_, which
place was in a state of insurrection. The fort being reduced, the
detachment from Belgaum returned to that station on the 15th of
December, leaving the detachment under Captain Dawe before Kittoor.
On the 16th of December, 1824, the following Division Order was
issued by Major-General Hall, commanding the ceded districts, on
his inspecting the regiment:--
"_Head Quarters, Ceded Districts,
Bellary, 16th December, 1824._
"The recent review and inspection of His Majesty's FORTY-SIXTH
regiment has afforded Major-General Hall an opportunity of
witnessing the very efficient state of that corps, and of
expressing his unqualified satisfaction with the result of his
enquiries, the whole of which tend greatly to the credit of the
commanding officer, Major Wallis.
"The Major-General will have a pleasing part of his duty
to perform in reporting the present state of His Majesty's
FORTY-SIXTH regiment.
"By order of Major-General Hall,
(Signed) "B. MCMASTER,
"_Acting Brigade Major, Ceded Districts_."
[Sidenote: 1825]
On the 7th of February 1825, the grenadier company, and
head-quarters of the regiment, marched from Bellary for Cannanore,
under the command of Major James Wallis, leaving two companies at
Bellary. The detachment under Captain Dawe marched on the same
day from Kittoor to Belgaum, where it was joined by two other
companies, and proceeded from Belgaum to Vengoolah on the 16th
of February, the whole under the command of Captain Alexander
Campbell, and embarked at that port for Cannanore, where they
arrived on the 28th of that month. The head-quarters of the
regiment arrived at Cannanore on the 17th of March, under the
command of Major Wallis, Lieut.-Colonel Archibald Campbell (the
senior Lieut.-Colonel), having been appointed to the command of the
provinces of Malabar and Canara.
The remainder of the regiment marched from Belgaum under the
command of Major (Brevet Lieut.-Colonel) Willshire, for Bellary,
and arrived at that station on the 18th of March, 1825.
[Sidenote: 1826]
The following Provincial Order was issued by Lieut.-Colonel
Campbell, commanding the provinces of Malabar and Canara, on the
inspection and review of the regiment at Cannanore on the 31st of
May, 1826:--
"_Head Quarters, Malabar and Canara,
Cannanore, 31st May, 1826._
"Lieut.-Colonel Campbell cannot permit the present half-yearly
inspection and review of His Majesty's FORTY-SIXTH regiment to
pass over without expressing to Major Wallis, and the officers
and men under his command, the high sense he entertains of the
improved state of discipline and order of the regiment, in every
respect, of which he will not fail to make the most favorable
report.[18]
"It is with heartfelt regret the Lieut.-Colonel has learnt, that
the FORTY-SIXTH regiment is likely soon to lose the valuable
services of Major Wallis, who has ever been enthusiastic in doing
all which could contribute to the advantage and credit of the
corps, and whose ability, zeal, and talents in command of it, are
evinced by the perfection to which he has brought the regiment
in the revised system of discipline, and the excellent state of
its interior economy.
"After an intimate friendship of twenty-three years, as a brother
officer, Lieut.-Colonel Campbell trusts he may be permitted thus
publicly to express his sentiments of Major Wallis's merits
and worth, and to lament the loss which he, individually, must
sustain, when deprived of the cordial, zealous, and able support
that has invariably been afforded to him by this meritorious
officer.
"When Major Wallis withdraws from the active duties of his
profession, he will be accompanied in his retirement by the most
fervent wishes of Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell for his future
welfare, happiness, and prosperity.
"By order,
(Signed) "A. H. COLBERG, _Captain_,
"_Major of Brigade_."
The detached wing of the regiment, under the command of
Lieut.-Colonel Willshire, marched from Bellary on the 22nd of July,
1826, and arrived at Secunderabad on the 21st of August following.
The head-quarters, under the command of Captain William Mallet,
marched from Cannanore on the 2nd of November, 1826, and arrived at
Secunderabad on the 12th of January, 1827.
[Sidenote: 1827]
The regiment remained at Secunderabad during 1827, and the five
following years.
[Sidenote: 1829]
On the 24th of June 1829, instructions were received for reducing
the establishment of the regiment, from the 25th of the previous
December, to the following numbers; namely, forty-five serjeants,
fourteen drummers, and seven hundred and forty rank and file.
[Sidenote: 1832]
Arrangements having been made for the relief of the FORTY-SIXTH
regiment, a General Order was issued permitting the soldiers to
volunteer to other corps serving in India. The volunteering was
opened at Secunderabad on the 9th of November, and was finally
closed on the 17th of December, 1832, when two hundred and
thirty-seven men had volunteered their services to other regiments
of His Majesty's service stationed in the Madras Presidency.
[Sidenote: 1833]
The regiment afterwards proceeded to Masulipatam, where it arrived
on the 17th of January 1833, and while on the march the following
General Order by the Right Honorable the Governor in Council was
received:
"_Fort Saint George,
4th December, 1832._
"The Right Honorable the Governor in Council cannot permit His
Majesty's FORTY-SIXTH regiment to embark for England, without
expressing his approbation of its conduct during the period which
it has been employed on this establishment.
"To Colonel Campbell, C.B., Aide-de-camp to the King, the Right
Honorable the Governor in Council considers himself particularly
indebted, for the temper and judgment with which he has exercised
the several important commands which have been entrusted to him
by Government, and he attributes, in a great measure, to the
example of Colonel Campbell, and the officers of His Majesty's
FORTY-SIXTH regiment, the cordiality and good feeling which has
at all times prevailed between the several branches of the army
at stations where the regiment has been employed.
"By order of the Right Honorable
"The Governor in Council,
(Signed) "ROBERT CLERK,
"_Secretary to Government_."
Four companies of the regiment, consisting of one captain,
two lieutenants, two ensigns, one assistant surgeon, thirteen
serjeants, four drummers, and one hundred and sixty-seven rank
and file, under the command of Captain Donald Stuart, embarked
at Madras, on board the "Red Rover" on the 4th of March 1833,
disembarked at Gravesend on the 25th of August 1833, and marched to
Canterbury barracks, where they arrived on the 28th of August, and
were consolidated with the depôt company.
The head-quarters of the regiment, consisting of two captains,
four lieutenants, one paymaster, one quartermaster, one assistant
surgeon, twenty-three serjeants, seven drummers, and two hundred
and sixteen rank and file, under the command of Captain Robert
Martin, embarked at Masulipatam on the 5th of March 1833,
disembarked at Margate and Whitstable on the 6th and 7th of
September, from whence they marched to Canterbury.
Colonel Archibald Campbell, C.B., being in command of the Hyderabad
Subsidiary Force, was not relieved from that duty in time to
proceed with the regiment, but embarked at Madras on the 18th
of March 1833, and arrived at Portsmouth on the 18th of August
following.
One company of the regiment, consisting of two lieutenants, four
serjeants, two drummers, and sixty-eight rank and file, under the
command of Lieutenant James Taylor, embarked at Madras on the 27th
of May 1833, disembarked at Gravesend on the 28th of September, and
marched from thence to join the head-quarters of the regiment at
Canterbury.
On the 12th of November the following letter was addressed by
the Adjutant-General to Colonel Campbell, in reference to the
distinction of _Red Feathers_, conferred upon the light company for
its share in the attack upon General Wayne on the 20th of September
1777, as narrated at page 24.
"_Horse Guards,
12th November, 1833._
"SIR,
"I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
of the 1st instant, and to signify to you that, under all the
circumstances stated, the General Commanding-in-Chief will
undertake to recommend to His Majesty, that the distinction
mentioned may be continued to the light company of the
FORTY-SIXTH regiment, and will, accordingly, submit that the
company be allowed to wear a _Red Ball Tuft_.
"I have, &c.,
(Signed) "JOHN MACDONALD,
"_Adjutant-General_.
"_Colonel Campbell_,
"FORTY-SIXTH _regiment_."
[Sidenote: 1834]
On the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd of April 1834, the regiment proceeded
from Canterbury to Weedon, where it arrived in the beginning of May.
In September following, the regiment marched from Weedon to
Liverpool for embarkation for Ireland, and arrived at Dublin on the
3rd of October. The regiment subsequently proceeded to Newry.
[Sidenote: 1835]
The head-quarters marched on the 30th of January 1835, from Newry
for Belfast, where they arrived on the 2nd of February. While
stationed at Belfast, the regiment furnished several detachments to
aid the civil power.
[Sidenote: 1836]
The regiment, under the command of Colonel Archibald Campbell,
C.B., marched from Belfast for Enniskillen on the 16th of May 1836,
and was again ordered to furnish detachments in aid of the civil
power. In October following, the regiment marched from Enniskillen
for Dublin.
[Sidenote: 1837]
Orders having been received to hold the FORTY-SIXTH regiment in
readiness for foreign service, it was formed into six _service_
and four _depôt_ companies. The service companies, under the
command of Colonel Archibald Campbell, C.B., proceeded to Cork in
September 1837, and the head-quarters embarked at the Cove of Cork,
on the 26th of that month, on board the "Prince Regent" transport.
The remaining three companies, under the command of Major Robert
Garrett, embarked on the 5th of October on board the "Arab"
transport; the former arrived at Gibraltar on the 18th of October,
and the latter in November.
[Sidenote: 1838]
On the 6th of April 1838, Lieut.-General Sir John Keane, K.C.B.,
was removed from the sixty-eighth to the Colonelcy of the
FORTY-SIXTH regiment, in succession to General Henry Wynyard,
deceased.
In June 1838, the depôt companies embarked at Kinsale for England,
and arrived at Plymouth on the 27th of that month.
[Sidenote: 1839]
On the 1st of August 1839, Lieut.-General John Ross was appointed,
from the ninety-eighth, to be Colonel of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment,
in succession to Lieut.-General Sir John Keane, who was removed to
the forty-third regiment.
[Sidenote: 1841]
The depôt companies embarked at Plymouth for Jersey on the 5th of
August 1839; and in June 1841 proceeded to Ireland.
[Sidenote: 1842]
On the 20th of January 1842, the service companies embarked at
Gibraltar for Barbadoes, in the "Java" transport, and arrived at
their destination on the 25th of February. They were afterwards
encamped on the Savannah until the 18th of April. Upon the
embarkation of the fifty-second regiment, the FORTY-SIXTH moved
into the Stone Barracks, but, on the fever breaking out, encamped
on the 2nd of December at the Naval Hospital.
[Sidenote: 1843]
On the 15th of January, 1843, the head-quarters, under the command
of Captain Child, embarked on board the "Dee" steamer for St.
Vincent, where they arrived on the 16th of that month, and marched
to Fort Charlotte. The other companies were stationed at St. Lucia,
Dominica, and Berbice.
The grenadier company at Berbice suffered severely from yellow
fever, and also the head-quarters, which were compelled to leave
Fort Charlotte, and encamp at Townan's-pasture, about three miles
distant.
Her Majesty was pleased to appoint General the Earl of Stair, from
the ninety-second, to be Colonel of the FORTY-SIXTH regiment, on
the 31st of May, 1843, in succession to Lieut.-General John Ross,
C.B., deceased.
[Sidenote: 1844]
On the 15th of October, 1844, the head-quarters sailed from St.
Vincent for Barbadoes, where the grenadier company had also
arrived. The companies from Dominica and St. Lucia arrived at
Barbadoes in December.
[Sidenote: 1845]
The regiment embarked on the 3rd of February, 1845, on board the
"Resistance" for Nova Scotia, and disembarked at Halifax on the
25th of that month, when it was quartered in the South Barracks.
On the 7th of July, 1845, the regiment embarked, on board the troop
ship "Apollo," for Canada East, and anchored at Quebec on the 20th,
when it was transhipped into the "Canada" steamer on the 22nd,
and arrived at Montreal on the 23rd of July; the regiment then
proceeded in the "Prince Albert" steamer for La Prairie, about nine
miles from Montreal.
[Sidenote: 1846]
The regiment, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Garrett, K.H.,
proceeded on the 9th of October, 1846, to Kingston, in Canada West,
and occupied the _Tête-de-Pont_ Barracks.
[Sidenote: 1847]
On the 25th of September, 1847, the head-quarters of the regiment,
under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Garrett, K.H., proceeded from
Kingston in the "Highlander" steamer, and was followed on the next
day by the second division, under the command of Major Robert
Campbell, in the "Passport" steamer, for Montreal, on passage for
Quebec, where, on arrival, the regiment was immediately transhipped
to the "Belle-Isle," and proceeded to Nova Scotia, where it arrived
on the 16th of October.
[Sidenote: 1848]
The service companies of the regiment, under the command of
Lieut.-Colonel Garrett, K.H., embarked on board the ship
"Herefordshire," for England, on the 8th of April, 1848, and
arrived at Portsmouth on the 8th of May. The service companies
proceeded to Dover, where they were joined by the depôt companies
from Guernsey, under Major John Maclean.
In July, 1848, the regiment proceeded to Liverpool, and afterwards
marched into camp at Everton. On the 29th of September the
head-quarters were removed to Chester, and in December proceeded to
Liverpool.
[Sidenote: 1850]
[Sidenote: 1851]
On the 16th of April, 1850, the head-quarters and four companies
proceeded from Liverpool to Hull, where the regiment, under the
command of Lieut.-Colonel Robert Garrett, K.H., was stationed on
the 1st of April, 1851, the date to which the present record has
been continued.
CONCLUSION.
The scene of the principal active services of the FORTY-SIXTH
regiment, from its formation in 1741, until the present period, has
been limited to _North America_ and the _West India Islands_.
After the unsuccessful attach on _Fort Ticonderago_ in July,
1758, the regiment shared in the capture of _Fort Niagara_ on the
25th of July, 1759, and of other forts in Canada, which led to
the surrender of _Montreal_ on the 8th of September, 1760; and
thus completed the conquest of that country,--_Quebec_ having
been acquired, in September of the preceding year, by the troops
detached under Major-General Wolfe.
In February, 1762, the regiment shared in the capture of
_Martinique_, which was followed by the reduction of _Grenada_,
_St. Lucia_, and _St. Vincent_; and in August following was present
at the conquest of the _Havannah_, which last acquisition was
restored to Spain at the Peace of 1763.
The regiment embarked in 1776, for _North America_, and shared in
several actions of the war with the United States until November,
1778, when it proceeded to the _West Indies_, and participated in
the capture of _St. Lucia_ in December following.
During the years 1795 and 1796, the regiment was employed in
the campaign against the Caribs in _St. Vincent_, a severe and
harassing service.
While other regiments had the opportunity of encountering the
French legions in other parts of the world, the FORTY-SIXTH was
employed in protecting the colonial possessions of Great Britain;
how efficiently this duty was performed is testified by the word
"DOMINICA," conferred by Royal authority, for the gallant defence
made by the regiment against a very superior French force on the
22nd of February, 1805. The language of Lieut.-General Sir John
Hope, when reporting the battle of _Corunna_, is alike applicable
to the conduct of the troops at _Dominica_, for there, as at the
former place,--
"The enemy has been taught, that whatever advantages of position,
or of _numbers_ he may employ, there is inherent in the
British officers and soldiers, a bravery that knows not how to
yield,--that no circumstances can appal,--and that will ensure
victory, when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any human
means."
The flank companies of the FORTY-SIXTH formed part of the troops
which reduced _Martinique_ in February, 1809, and thus the services
of the regiment were a _second_ time connected with the conquest of
that island.
In 1810, the flank companies of the regiment shared in the
reduction of _Guadaloupe_, and were honorably mentioned in the
despatches.
In 1811, the regiment arrived in England from the _West Indies_,
and in 1813 embarked for New South Wales, from which country it
proceeded, in 1817, to the East Indies, and returned to Great
Britain in 1833.
The regiment embarked for Gibraltar in 1837; proceeded to the
_West Indies_ in 1842, and to _North America_ in 1845, whence it
returned, in 1848, to England.
Services of the foregoing description, combined with excellent
conduct in quarters at home and abroad, during a period of upwards
of a century, have deservedly acquired for the regiment the
approbation of the Sovereign, and the confidence of the Nation.
------
1851
------
FOOTNOTES:
[6] The "_Pragmatic Sanction_" was published by the Emperor
Charles the Sixth on the 17th of April, 1713, whereby, in case
of his having no male issue, his daughters were to succeed to
his hereditary dominions, in preference to the sons of his late
brother, Joseph the First.
[7] The _ten_ regiments of Marines took rank in the regular Army,
and were numbered from the _Forty-fourth_ to the _Fifty-third_
regiment:--The _seven_ additional regiments of Infantry, raised
in January 1741, were numbered from the _Fifty-fourth_ to the
_Sixtieth_ regiment.
[8] _James Francis Edward_, "_The Pretender_," son of _James II._,
and of _Mary_, his second wife, daughter of the Duke of Modena, was
born on the 10th June, 1688. He married, in 1719, Mary Clementina,
daughter of Prince James Sobieski, and granddaughter of John
Sobieski, King of Poland. He died on the 1st June, 1766, (aged 78
years), leaving issue two sons:--
1. _Charles Edward Louis Cassimir_, termed in England "_The Young
Pretender_;" born on the 30th November, 1720, who married the
Princess Stohlberg of Germany, and died at Rome, without issue, on
the 31st January, 1788.
2. _Henry Benedict_, called _The Cardinal York_; born on the 24th
March, 1725. When the last grand effort for the restoration of his
family, in 1745, proved abortive, he took holy orders, and was
elevated to the purple by Pope Benedict XIV. in 1747, and died at
Rome in 1807. The Cardinal was the last male branch of the House of
Stuart.
[9] _Preston_, contracted from _Priests' town_, the early
proprietors of the soil being the monks of Holyrood and Newbattle,
who erected on the sea-shore _pans_ for the manufacture of salt,
from which circumstance it received the name of _Preston-Pans_.
[10] _Return of the Officers and Men in each regiment of Infantry
on the day of the Battle of Culloden_:--
Serjeants,
Officers. Drummers,
and Rank
and File.
Royal Scots now 1st Foot 26 455
Lieut.-General Howard's regiment " 3rd " 16 448
" Barrell's " " 4th " 20 353
Major-General Wolfe's " " 8th " 22 352
" Pulteney's " " 13th " 22 352
Brigadier-General Price's " " 14th " 23 336
" Bligh's " " 20th " 20 447
Major-General Campbell's " " 21st " 19 393
Brig.-General Lord Semple's " " 25th " 23 392
Major-General Blakeney's " " 27th " 20 336
Brig.-General Cholmondeley's " 34th " 24 435
" Fleming's " " 36th " 26 389
Colonel Battereau's " " (disbanded) 27 396
" Dejean's " " 37th regt. 23 468
" Conway's " " 48th " 24 362
--- -----
Total 335 5,914
--- -----
[11] The _seven_ regiments, raised in 1741, were numbered as shown
in the following list, and the _Numerical titles_ of six of them,
which have since been retained on the establishment of the army,
were changed after the Peace of 1748, as specified, viz.:--
54th regt., com. by Col. Thomas Fowke, now the 43rd regt.
55th " " James Long " 44th "
56th " " D. Houghton " 45th "
57th " " John Price " 46th "
58th " " J. Mordaunt " 47th "
59th " " J. Cholmondeley " 48th "
60th " " H. De Grangue disbanded in 1748.
[12] Cape Breton was captured by the troops under Lieut.-General
Amherst, on the 26th of July, 1758.
[13] _Ticonderoga_, or _Ticonderago_, was the name of a fort
built, in 1756, by the French in Canada, on the north side of a
peninsula, for communication between Lakes George and Champlain.
The fort afterwards became a heap of ruins, and formed an appendage
to a farm. Its name is derived from a word in the Indian language,
signifying _Noisy_. In 1759, the fort was captured by the British,
and in 1775 it was surprised by the Americans, but was retaken by
Major-General Burgoyne in July 1777.
[14] It was in this action at St. Lucia that the fifth foot
acquired the privilege of wearing a _white plume_ in the cap,
instead of the red and white tuft worn by the other regiments
of the line: the FORTY-SIXTH regiment had already obtained the
distinction of _red feathers_, under the circumstances stated at
page 25.
[15] The island of Dominica was reduced by a British armament in
June 1761, and was retained by Great Britain by the conditions of
the Treaty of Peace which was concluded at Paris on the 10th of
February, 1763. Dominica was taken by the French in September 1778,
but was restored to Great Britain at the Peace of 1783.
[16] Martinique was captured by the British in 1762, but was
restored to France by the Peace of Fontainebleau, concluded in the
following year. It was again captured in 1794, but was restored
to France at the Peace of Amiens in 1802. Martinique was captured
in 1809 for the third time, and was again restored to the French
nation at the Peace of 1814.