IN a little time, Montezuma became quite satisfied in the Spanish
quarters. He was treated as the King of Mexico, and his government went
on as usual. His chiefs were allowed to visit him, and his nobles served
up for him his splendid feasts as before in his own palace. It is said,
that after feasting, he would frequently send what was left as a present
to the Spanish soldiers. They shared his kindness in another way. He
became very fond of Cortes and Alvarado, and amused himself by playing
with them a game called bodoque, and all his winnings at the game were
given to the soldiers. Naturally enough, this kindness, together with
the commands of Cortes, induced the men to treat him with great respect.
Cortes was very strict on this point; he had one of his men, on one
occasion, severely whipped, for using rude words toward the monarch.
Montezuma was also allowed to visit the temple, and go out upon the
chase sometimes; but on these occasions he was always attended by a body
of Spaniards, to prevent his being rescued. Though a prisoner, he was
still the King, and felt happy.
This happiness did not last long, however. At the end of a fortnight,
Quauhpopoca and some of his companions in the attack on Escalante were
brought prisoners to Mexico. Though a prisoner, Quauhpopoca was borne
upon a splendid litter like a conquering hero. He at once sought
Montezuma, and presented himself before him as one who had faithfully
obeyed his orders. To his surprise and confusion, the King treated him
coldly, and ordered him to be delivered immediately to Cortes. He was
now put to the torture, and confessed that all he had done was by
command of his King. A court, made up of Spaniards, then tried him, and
condemned him to be burnt alive. Cortes went now to Montezuma, and told
him of the confession of Quauhpopoca, and the punishment he was to
suffer; adding, very sternly, that he too would be put to death but for
his late acts of kindness: his life would be spared, but that he was not
to escape all punishment for his treachery. With that, he ordered a
Spaniard, who had brought a pair of iron fetters along, to fasten them
upon the legs of Montezuma. It was instantly done, and Cortes left him,
to punish Quauhpopoca. The poor King of Mexico was confounded and
speechless. His nobles who attended him clung to his fetters, and wept
bitterly.
Cortes now gathered a large quantity of bows, arrows, and darts, from
the Mexican armory, and caused an immense fire to be made of them
directly in front of Montezuma’s palace. Quauhpopoca and three other
chiefs (some say fifteen others) soon perished in the flames. Thousands
of Mexicans looked calmly upon the scene; no resistance was made, for
they thought it was all done by the command of the King. This horrible
act being ended, Cortes again went to Montezuma, spoke kindly to him,
and with his own hands took off his fetters. To carry his kindness
further, he now told him that he was at liberty, and might return, if he
pleased, to his own palace. This last was only a pretence of kindness,
for Cortes knew very well that Montezuma dared not go. The people had
just seen the death of the brave general Quauhpopoca, and Montezuma knew
that he would probably suffer for the guilt of it.
Though the Mexicans made no resistance at the time, the insolent bearing
of the Spaniards, before the very palace of their King, had roused the
anger of many. The proud spirit of Cacamatzin, the lord of Tezcuco, was
greatly excited. He at once gathered together a body of the nobles at
Tezcuco, and they resolved to declare war upon the Spaniards. They were
quickly busy in making their preparations, and the rumor of their
intentions soon spread. Cortes began to feel alarmed for his safety, and
Montezuma began to be startled with the thought of losing his crown;
for, with the rumors, came the story that Cacamatzin intended to seize
the reins of government, thinking that his uncle had disgraced both
himself and the empire. They both sent messengers to Cacamatzin,
commanding him to leave off his warlike preparations; but Cacamatzin
only sent back this proud answer: “That his country was disgraced; that
the Spaniards could no longer deceive or frighten him; they must leave
Mexico, and return to their own country, or take the storm that was
gathering.” Cortes now proposed to march out and attack him. Montezuma,
however, advised him not to do this, stating that Tezcuco was a
strongly-fortified city, the second in the empire, and he would only
perish in the attempt. He sent, therefore, another message to his
nephew, inviting him to come up to the capital and visit him, at which
time all difficulties might be happily settled. Cacamatzin was now more
indignant than ever: he declared to his followers that his uncle was
more a friend to the strangers than to his own people. He sent for
answer this time, that he would come to the capital, but not to waste
words in idle talk: he would come to destroy the Spaniards. Finding his
nephew thus resolute, Montezuma now determined to make him a prisoner.
He took his signet from his arm, and giving it to some of his nobles,
commanded them secretly to seize his rebel nephew, and bring him a
prisoner to Mexico. His order was soon carried out. In a little time,
the nobles returned, bringing Cacamatzin. Montezuma rebuked him, and
then delivered him to Cortes. He was at once thrown into prison, and his
brother Cuitcuitzcatzin sent out in splendid style to take charge of the
province of Tezcuco.
Made bold by his success in this matter, Cortes now resolved that
Montezuma should declare himself subject to the King of Spain. He went
to him, and told him that it was his desire that he should acknowledge
the authority of the King of Spain over him, and subject his kingdom to
a yearly tribute in token of dependence. The poor captive monarch, in
great sorrow, soon assented to this. He called all his lords and nobles
together in a great hall in the Spanish quarters. With sobs and tears,
he reminded them of the old tradition that the sons of Quetzalcoatl were
to come and rule the Mexican empire; that he held it, as they knew, only
till that time; the time was now come; the Spaniards (he believed) were
the sons of Quetzalcoatl, and he was ready to recognise the title of the
King of Spain over his dominions. His chiefs and lords heard this
declaration in silent grief; yet they gave their consent; for, like the
King, they believed the tradition: they were afraid to resist. Montezuma
informed Cortes that on the next day they would all swear allegiance to
the Spanish King. Accordingly, on the day following, it was done in the
presence of all the Spanish officers, and even their hearts (it is said)
were moved when they witnessed the sorrow of Montezuma as he took that
oath.
One step led on to another. Cortes next resolved to persuade him that it
was right and proper that his empire should send a rich present of
jewels, gold, and silver, to the King of Spain. It was soon done. To
this also he assented: he brought forward his own treasures liberally,
at the same time sending commands to all his lords throughout the
kingdom to bring in their portions. Within twenty days, an amount
equalling six hundred thousand dollars, besides jewels, was collected at
Mexico. Cortes now proceeded to divide this treasure. One fifth part was
for the King of Spain; one fifth part for himself; from the balance was
to be taken what he, Velasquez, and others, had expended in fitting out
the expedition; and then the remainder was to be equally divided among
the men, according to their rank. The soldiers were dissatisfied with
this division, especially the part given to the King of Spain, who had
never aided them in any way in the enterprise; but Cortes managed to
pacify them by giving secret presents to some, and offering promises and
prospects to all.
The Spanish chief had rolled upon a tide of fortune thus far; but now it
began to turn. Matters had come to such a pass, that some of the Mexican
nobles, forgetting their traditions and their fears, began seriously to
think of forcing the Spaniards from Mexico. Their King was a captive,
Quauhpopoca murdered, Cacamatzin in prison, their gods insulted, and the
whole country, in fact, under the control of strangers. This was more
than could be borne. They began to hold secret meetings, and sometimes
to meet Montezuma secretly. Matters were freely talked over: the
priests, who hated the Spaniards, threw in their advice, and all this
ended in a solemn resolution that the Spaniards should leave the city.
They were afraid, however, to attack them openly, so long as Montezuma
was in their possession. They were to be got off peaceably, if possible,
and therefore another plan was adopted. Montezuma sent for Cortes, and
told him that “he had already been in his capital six months, and there
was no reason in his remaining any longer. He wished him, therefore, to
depart as speedily as possible. His priests, his nobles, and his people
were all dissatisfied, and determined that the Spaniards should no
longer remain in the land. Moreover, that it was the will of the gods
that the strangers who had insulted them should be expelled, or
sacrificed.” This was said very sternly by the King, and Cortes, who had
heard that a conspiracy was at work, felt that it must be strong when
Montezuma could speak to him so boldly. He knew, too, if the Mexicans
did rise against him, it was death to his hopes. He very artfully,
therefore, answered the King that his demand was very reasonable; that
he had himself already thought of leaving Mexico. He could not, however,
leave immediately; his ships had been destroyed, and it was necessary to
build new ones. He hoped the Mexicans would allow him time to make his
preparations. Montezuma was greatly pleased. The thought of his
departure was real joy to him. He embraced Cortes, and promised him not
only time to make his preparations, but that he would assist him in
making them. He sent out his order that some of his men should at once
go to the woods to cut timber for the Spaniards, and that some of his
carpenters should set to work in helping them to build their ships.
Cortes left Montezuma feeling very happy himself; he saw he had deceived
the King: he had no thought of leaving the country, and was hoping,
during the time allowed him, that he might gain strength in some way to
meet any difficulty. At the end of a week, however, ships appeared on
the coast. Montezuma, hearing of this, sent for him again, and told him
there was no necessity for his remaining any longer to build his
vessels; ships were off the coast, and he must start immediately.
Cortes felt more joy than sorrow. The news of the ships delighted him;
he thought instantly of Portocarrero and Montejo, the messengers whom he
had sent to Spain to get the authority of Don Carlos. Nine months had
passed away since they left him; he had looked for them eagerly before,
and supposed they had now arrived with fresh troops to help him in his
conquest. In this he was sadly disappointed. The truth was, that his
very messengers had betrayed him. Contrary to their positive orders,
they had stopped at Cuba, on their way to Spain. Portocarrero being
sick, Montejo had forced the pilot, Alaminos, to touch at Havana, under
pretence of getting supplies from his estate. The ship had no sooner
cast anchor, than he sent a sailor ashore with letters to Velasquez. The
Governor was more enraged than ever; from that moment, he had used all
his efforts to ruin Cortes. The eighteen ships on the coast were under
the command of Pamphilo de Narvaez, and he had been sent out by him, at
the head of eight hundred soldiers, with positive orders to seize Cortes
and his principal officers, and send them prisoners to Cuba. It was not
long before Cortes understood the whole.
Narvaez had made a landing on the coast of Chempoalla, and was soon
joined by three Spanish deserters. These told him that Cortes was in a
forlorn and wretched condition, and might easily be taken. Narvaez was
made bold by such news. He immediately sent off Guevara, a priest, with
a company, to Sandoval (who was commanding at Villa Rica since the death
of Escalante), to demand that he should surrender that place. Sandoval
refused to do so, and when the priest proved insolent, told him that his
sacred order alone protected him. Upon this, Guevara was very angry: the
quarrel became high, and Sandoval seized him and his companions, and
sent them prisoners to Mexico. Upon their arrival there, Cortes very
prudently received them kindly; he took off their fetters, expressed
himself sorry for the conduct of Sandoval, made them many rich presents,
and in this way completely won them over as friends. They now talked to
him freely of Narvaez and the strength of his forces: said that he had
declared to the Indians that Cortes was a traitor and tyrant, keeping
their King a prisoner, and that he was sent out by the King of Spain to
set them free. They stated, too, that Montezuma was sending secret
messages to him, and that several of the Mexican provinces had openly
declared in his favor.
Cortes was now in a very dangerous and trying position. It was idle for
him to march out and meet Narvaez with all his fresh and numerous
troops; to release Montezuma, and attempt to retreat from Mexico, would
prove sure destruction; to remain where he was, in an enemy’s city, and
wait for Narvaez to attack him, would prove equally unsafe. His courage,
however, did not forsake him. He was resolved upon one thing--that he
would never leave as a prisoner the country that he had entered as a
conqueror, and never allow another to reap the glory which he thought he
had earned. Narvaez was, he supposed, his most dangerous enemy, and he
turned his thoughts towards him. He made up his mind that before long he
must come to a battle with him, but, in the mean time, he would try to
win him as a friend: if he failed in that, he would try to break up his
strength by bringing over some of his officers. He selected, as the
messenger whom he would send to him, Father Olmedo, whose prudence he
had tried before this. He was to propose terms of friendship; if he
failed in carrying this point, he was to use his arts in making friends
in his army. Accordingly, Olmedo was sent off with letters to Narvaez
and some of his officers--among the rest, Andres de Duero, the old
friend of Cortes, who was fortunately one of them--together with many
rich presents for them from Cortes.
Narvaez received him with great scorn. He declared that he would soon
cut off the head of the traitor Cortes, and put all his followers to
death. It was in vain that Father Olmedo reasoned with him, telling him
that the Spaniards were brothers; that the glory of their common country
required that they should turn their forces against the Mexicans, and
that Cortes was ready to do so. Narvaez would hear no terms of peace
whatever. Finding that he failed in this point, Olmedo remembered the
other. He mingled with the men, talked with them freely, delivered the
rich presents of Cortes, and soon won over some of the officers.
Fortunately, just at this time, Guevara and his companions returned.
They talked loudly of the generosity of Cortes, and the glory that was
before the Spaniards, if they would only join forces; declaring that no
better leader could be found than Cortes, and that it was a shame to
take the command from him after all his perils. Narvaez, only the more
enraged at all this, ordered Guevara never again to speak to him of
terms of friendship between him and Cortes, and immediately issued his
proclamation, declaring Cortes and all his followers rebels to Don
Carlos, and traitors to their country.
Upon Olmedo’s return, Cortes felt at once that he was to have a struggle
with Narvaez, and that the sooner it was met the better. Leaving one
hundred and fifty of his men, therefore, at Mexico, under the command of
Alvarado, with particular instructions to guard Montezuma closely, he
started with the remainder of his forces to meet him. What he most
feared was the cavalry of Narvaez. To enable his soldiers to meet these,
he sent Tobilla to Chinantla to get from the Cacique three hundred of
the long spears used by his warriors in battle. He pushed on very
rapidly towards Chempoalla, having no baggage or artillery to delay him.
At Tapanacuetla (a village thirty miles from that place), he was joined
by Sandoval and his men from Vera Cruz. His whole force now amounted
only to two hundred and fifty men; yet they were brave men, ready to
face any danger. Determined, if possible, not to shed the blood of his
countrymen, Cortes once more sent Father Olmedo to bring Narvaez to
terms of peace. Again he was received with scorn, and again set himself
to the work of intriguing with the men. Another messenger was now sent;
this was Velasquez de Leon. It seems that Narvaez had counted surely
upon his friendship, remembering that he was a kinsman to Velasquez, and
had written him a letter, urging him to join him. This Velasquez de Leon
had very proudly and indignantly refused to do. Cortes was greatly
delighted with this proof of his friendship; and thinking it would help
his cause, now sent De Leon also a messenger to Narvaez. He was received
with great attention. Narvaez made him brilliant offers: he should be
second in command, and earn great glory, if he would only abandon
Cortes. Velasquez de Leon again refused, declaring that he would die,
sooner than desert such a noble commander as Cortes; that he had already
earned great glory for his country; and as he had begun the conquest, he
was the best man to finish it. Narvaez and some of his officers were now
very angry, and spoke abusively of Cortes and his followers. This was
more than De Leon could brook; he was enraged at hearing his brave
companions thus spoken of, and laid his hand upon his weapon.
Fortunately, some of the more prudent Spaniards came forward at this
moment, and urged him and Father Olmedo to leave the camp. They left,
but many friends were left behind them. The soldiers of Narvaez had
begun to look upon their leader as obstinate and stubborn. The
messengers had scarcely gone, when, in a rage, he offered a reward of
two thousand crowns for the heads of Cortes and Sandoval. Hearing, too,
that Cortes had been bold enough to come within a league of Chempoalla,
he at once set his army in motion to give him a battle.
Fortunately for Cortes, one of Narvaez’ men deserted his camp, and
informed him of what was done. Narvaez had drawn up his whole army in a
large plain near Chempoalla, and determined there to wait for him.
Cortes was not so imprudent as to meet him there with his little handful
of men. He kept quiet, therefore, on the other side of the river
Canoas, which runs near Chempoalla, determined to wait for some better
opportunity. A heavy fall of rain now set in, and the soldiers of
Narvaez, unaccustomed to hardships, began to murmur and complain. It was
idle, they said, to remain in such a storm; Cortes and his few followers
would not dare to approach them at such a time. Some of the officers
joined with them, and persuaded Narvaez to take them back to their
quarters in Chempoalla. Having carried them back he posted two sentinels
at the ford of the river to watch the enemy, and sent a number of
horsemen to keep a lookout upon the road leading to the town, and to
move around his quarters. In the mean time, Cortes and his little army
stood drenched in the rain without a murmur; every man seemed happy and
contented. Naturally supposing that Narvaez and his men would be weary
and unsuspicious of his approach after such a day, he determined to
attack them at midnight, while they were all in their quarters.
Accordingly, he called his little band around him, told them of his
design, and made a stirring speech to them. He spoke of the sufferings
and dangers they had borne, the victories they had won, and the glorious
prospects before them; and now he said they had been declared rebels and
traitors by their unnatural countryman Narvaez. As he went on, he was
interruptcd by the shouts of the soldiers; and when he finished, they
all declared that they would follow such a leader for ever. Some went so
far (it is said) as to swear they would kill Cortes if he tried again to
make peace with Narvaez. He thanked them for their love, and warmly
praised their courage. His little army was now divided into three
parties. The command of the first was given to Sandoval. This had the
most difficult duty to perform: it was to seize the artillery of the
enemy, and Cortes placed in it, therefore, some of his picked men. The
second division was intrusted to Christoval de Olid: he was to storm the
town, and take possession of Narvaez. Cortes himself led the third
party: this was to act as a body of reserve, and rush to the support of
either party that required it. The rain had swollen the river so much,
that it was dangerous to pass it; yet, with the waters rising to their
breasts, they all crossed the ford. Every man being armed with his
sword, dagger, and spear, they now moved on silently and in regular
order. The guard in advance fortunately caught one of the sentinels, but
the other fled to the city and gave the alarm. This caused Cortes to
move on more rapidly. But Narvaez would not believe the sentinel; he
thought it impossible that Cortes should be moving on such a night, and
rebuked him as a coward who had been frightened. No horsemen were seen
to interrupt him on the road (they were probably tired, and had taken
shelter from the rain), and thus Cortes reached at midnight, unobserved,
the principal temple of Chempoalla, where Narvaez held his quarters. A
long row of artillery guarded the entrance to the temple, but no time
was to be lost. Cortes gave the signal for attack. Sandoval and his
brave followers rushed forward so fiercely, that the enemy only fired
three guns, when they were forced to take to their other weapons. He now
drove them back from their guns, and, amid a shower of arrows and balls,
began to press his way up the steps of the temple. Numbers poured out
and crowded the steps; still Sandoval kept the guns, and maintained his
ground at great hazard, in spite of all opposition. Narvaez was not
idle; he was up, and rallying his men. Christoval de Olid and Cortes now
rushed to the assistance of Sandoval, bearing down everything before
them. Sandoval reached the temple-door, and tried to burst it open, but
failed. In the mean time, one of the soldiers had fired the tower: it
was in a blaze; multitudes were rushing from it. Sanchez Farzan, one of
the soldiers, now struck Narvaez with his spear. He instantly fell, was
seized, dragged down the steps, and fastened with fetters. The news was
soon spread that Narvaez was dead: shouts of victory rang through the
air; his followers were confounded. His soldiers in the two smaller
towers were in the greatest confusion. In their fright and
consternation, they even took the fire-flies, in the darkness, to be
soldiers’ matches; all was despair. In spite of the entreaties of Diego
Velasquez and Salvatierra, they laid down their arms and surrendered.
The battle was ended; the prisoners were all put under the charge of
Sandoval, who had them carried to a safe place, under a guard of picked
soldiers.
The next morning found Cortes a conqueror, seated on a chair, surrounded
by all his brave officers. The conquered officers passed before him, and
kissed his hand. Right glad were they to make a friend of him now. He
now sent Lugo to the fleet to bring off the pilots and sailors, and then
to dismantle the ships, to prevent any one from returning to Cuba. Next
he ordered all the prisoners to be set free, except Narvaez and
Salvatierra, and then offered to send them all back to Cuba, or take
them as his soldiers. The men had seen his bravery: they now saw his
generosity; his followers, too, seemed to have plenty of gold and
trinkets; and, almost to a man, they consented to join him. They felt
that glory was before them, and that Cortes was the commander to lead
them on. He was now fairly at the head of an army, together with one
hundred horses, plenty of ammunition, and abundance of military stores.