THE THEATER.
"_Can a man take fire in his bosom and his clothes not be burned?_"
Prov. vii, 27.
The theater has its apologists and advocates. It is said to be a good
place to learn history, human nature, and all that. Some plays are
declared to be "as good as a sermon." Assuming this to be true, it might
not be out of place to inquire how often these good plays are performed,
and how they "draw". What proportion does this good sort bear to the
general mass of plays nightly set before the public? Questions multiply
as we consider the subject. If plays are as good as sermons, how happens
it that, as a rule, those who admire plays have no love for sermons?
Moreover, if the theater is a preacher of righteousness, or essays to be
such, where are the "gifts, grace, and usefulness" which are the
evidences of its call to the good work? There may be no special lack of
a certain kind of gifts, but where is the grace? Does it adorn the
character and conduct of the performers? Unless these as a class have
been grievously slandered for two thousand years, we must look
elsewhere. And where is the proof of moral and religious usefulness? It
has no existence. The fact is, to plead for the theater on the ground
that its moral influence is good, is to act a bigger farce than was ever
put upon the stage. When a young man, who has been religiously trained,
begins to frequent the theater, quiet observers see that he has taken
the first step of a downward course; and if connected with him in
business relations, or otherwise, they govern themselves accordingly.
When a young man, whose reputation has suffered by his wild and reckless
conduct, ceases to attend the play and begins to attend Church, his true
friends begin to have hope in regard to him. All who have in any degree
looked into the matter, know that the disreputable and the vile shun the
Church, and crowd to the theater, while many who are plying foul trades
depend upon the play-house, not only to bring the victim within their
reach, but to undermine his virtue, lull his caution to sleep, and
prepare him to fall in the net spread for him. Build a theater where you
will, and straightway drinking saloons, gambling dens, and brothels
spring up all about it and flourish under its shadow. All manner of
vice, and villainy, and shame grows green and rank in the polluted soil
which it creates.
Some years ago, the owners of a certain theater in one of our great
cities, resolving to conduct it in a "respectable" way, attempted to
shut out, as far as practicable, all whose vocation was infamous. This
they thought would be easily effected by refusing admittance to every
"lady not accompanied by a gentleman." This simple measure accomplished
all that was expected of it, and a great deal more. The class aimed at
were indeed excluded; but, alas for the proprietors! the consequent loss
of patronage was so great that the establishment no longer paid current
expenses, and the owners found themselves compelled either to close
their doors altogether or open them to the cattle that herd in the upper
galleries. The fact is plain to all who are willing to see, that the
theater thrives by the vice and crime of the community. It is a buzzard
that lives on carrion. To succeed it must be content to be the
hunting-ground where infamy shall snare its victims, and lead them "as
an ox to the slaughter." More than this, the performances and the whole
arrangement must be adapted to the low moral level of an audience
gathered up from the particular quarters where alone patrons can be
found in sufficient numbers to make the play-house a paying institution.
A successful theater must be on good terms with the grogshop and the
brothel.
The whole thing is one of strategy and calculation. As the skillful
angler puts on his hooks the bait at which the fish will bite most
eagerly--no matter what it is, worm or bug, or artificial fly--so the
crafty manager of a theater surveys society, and considers what plays,
what style of acting, what style of dress among the actors and actresses
will most surely attract the crowd. He is aware that the really
religious portion of the community regard the Church and the theater as
antagonists, and look upon him as one who is laboring to undo all that
they are trying to accomplish. He knows that many people of culture and
high social position regard his profession as dishonorable and
degrading. These classes he leaves out of his calculation, because they
are beyond his reach. But a great multitude remain, composed, in part,
of the young and the heedless, fond of noise, and show, and excitement,
and in part of the corrupt and the vile, the hungry beasts and birds of
prey, who want victims. Among these he must find his patrons and his
profits. In aiming to gather them into his fold, he must gratify their
peculiar taste. He knows that he can please them only by keeping them
well pleased with themselves. Will he do this by means of plays which,
from the first line to the last, brand vice as infamous, and exalt
virtue and honor? He knows his calling better. The people who compose
his audiences do not come to the theater to be made ashamed of
themselves. They would not listen to such a play, but would go out of
the house, in the midst of the performances, angrily muttering that when
they want a sermon they will go to the Church for it. The manager must
set forth more savory viands. He must address himself to empty minds and
cater to animal passions. He that undertakes to feed a flock of crows
need not provide either the manna of the Scripture or the nectar and
ambrosia of which classic fable tells.
As the calculations of an almanac are made for the particular latitude
where it is expected to sell, so all the arrangements and appliances of
the theater are carefully adapted to those classes of society which are
low both in intelligence and in morals. Tragedy, to be popular, must not
only deal in crime, but in loathsome, nauseous crime. Popular comedy
must ridicule religion, and show how much better acute and crafty
villainy is than simple truth and innocence. Immodesty is one of the
attractions relied upon to draw the brutal herd. The female performers
on the stage must expose their persons in a style which would be branded
as grossly indecent anywhere else. Let a fact be stated in illustration.
One of the high officers of the municipal government of London recently
issued a circular, addressed to the proprietors and managers of the
various theaters, remonstrating against the indecent costumes of the
stage, and urging reform. What the effect of the appeal was upon the
parties addressed does not appear; but an actress replied, in one of the
public journals, declaring that she is aware of all that the circular
asserts, but affirming that she and all the female performers are
powerless in the case, the managers demanding the immodest costume as
one of the necessities of the drama.
It is not probable that the British stage is more corrupting and
immoral than the American. There is not a city on the face of the globe
where the theater can live unless it goes down into depths of infamy,
and becomes the panderer of all vice and shame. It is true that a few,
whom the world calls moral and respectable, are sometimes found at the
play-house, but they are so few that play-writers and stage managers,
having an eye to the financial receipts and successes, look in other
directions, and graduate the plot, and the sentiments, and the scenes,
and, above all, the costume of the performers, for a lower moral level.
Not seldom is the play itself a weak, unmeaning thing, which is intended
to serve merely as a pretext for the shameless exhibitions deemed
necessary in order to fill the house.
The theater will never be reformed. The truly refined despise it, the
wise and the good abhor it. It must find its support among the
thoughtless, the ignorant, and the vicious. It must be indecent or die.
And so it comes to this: immodesty is a part of the stock in trade of
the play-house. There must be indecent exposure, else the foul crew that
frequent the theater, and upon whose patronage it lives, will care
nothing for its performances. In vain is the genius of poets and
authors! In vain are all the tinsel glories of the show! Even the play
which is "as good as a sermon" will be a failure, and its lofty periods
be declaimed to an empty house, unless modesty and honor are sacrificed
to gratify the lowest passions of the most debased of human kind. Where
did any evil invention of man ever bear upon its front the stamp of
infamy in plainer, deeper lines?
Why, then, should those who believe in virtue sustain, or help to
sustain, that which can not exist at all except in alliance with vice
and shame? How can those who believe in God and love his cause aid this
engine of the devil? Do they know how valuable their help is, and at
what a price the engineers are willing to purchase even their silence?
When the infamous classes of society find themselves the only occupants
of the theater, they will be apt to abandon it. It will not then serve
their purpose. Rats can not live in an empty barn. Thieves can not live
by robbing each other. The seller of alcohol can not prosper long by
selling to the same set of customers. As soon as the drunkard has lost
all, his very presence becomes hateful to the man who has ruined him. A
whisky-shop resembles a college, in that it needs a class of freshmen to
replace every class that graduate. And so with all forms of vice; they
need a constant supply of new victims. When one set of unfortunates have
been picked to the bone others must be had.
And thus the theater is a valuable auxiliary to certain characters,
seeing that it brings their prey within their reach. How, then, can a
Christian hesitate one moment in regard to duty? By what blindness, by
what mode of self-delusion, can virtuous women be induced to patronize
an institution which lives on the ruins of virtue? How can they sit
among the spectators, and look upon wanton exhibitions and shameless
exposures of person, such as would anywhere else crimson every modest
cheek with shame or redden it with the consciousness of insult? How can
they sit among the crowd, while eager eyes are looking down wolfishly
upon the brother, the lover, or the husband who sits by their side, and
foul hearts are wondering whether he ever comes to this place alone, and
whether he is beyond the reach of their subtle arts? How can virtuous
women consent ever to set foot within the walls of a theater, when they
know that the very air is thick with infamy and death, and when every
one who sees them there knows that they know it?
There is an old story to this effect: An angel, flying on some errand
of mercy, met Satan, who was dragging away a monk, clad in full
canonicals. The angel stopped the adversary, and demanded the release of
the prisoner, saying that his very robes showed that he was a holy man,
to whom Satan could have no claim. "But he is mine," was the emphatic
reply. "I found him on my premises; I caught him at the theater!"
Even heathen moralists and philosophers have condemned the stage as
tending to corrupt public morals. This was the ground taken by Plato,
Seneca, and Cicero, two thousand years ago. The early Christian writers,
the fathers of the Church, denounced the theater. It is safe to say that
the piety and intelligence of the Church have always condemned it. John
Wesley, the founder of our Church, gave his judgment in no equivocal
terms: "The present stage entertainments not only sap the foundation of
all religion, but tend to drinking and debauchery of every kind, which
are constant attendants on these entertainments."
Truly, the play-house is no place for a follower of Christ. Like the
Babylon of the Revelator, it is "_the hold of every foul spirit,_ _and a
cage of every unclean and hateful bird_." And so we add the warning
uttered by "_another voice from heaven," "Come out of her, my people,
that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her
plagues_."
Even if the plays could be so far reformed as not directly to cater to
the vicious and the corrupt; if the foul birds of prey that perch aloft
could be driven from the nests which they have occupied so long, still
the theater would not be a good place of resort for those who feel that
they possess immortal souls. The late hours, the expense of time and
money, the character of the general audience, and the insensible and yet
powerful effect of contact with them; the premature development and
overgrowth of the passions, the distaste created for the quiet pleasures
which are safest and best for soul and body, the rapidity with which the
love of noise, show, and excitement becomes an overmastering passion,
too strong to be controlled by duty, conscience, parental authority, or
parental remonstrances and tears, conspire to render attendance at the
theater ruinous to many and dangerous to all. Let no Christian go to the
play-house even once. If the patronage of those who go but once, "just
to see how it looks," could be wholly withdrawn, all the theaters would
feel the loss, and some would be compelled to close their doors. Why
should you make even one contribution to keep in motion the remorseless
jaws which have devoured so many victims? Why should you lend your
example, even once, to encourage the inconsiderate and the inexperienced
to form the habit of attending the theater? Why consent to act, even
once, as decoy duck, to lure many, it may be, to their destruction?
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