advantages of a single position, 74, 235, 310.
assignment of frontages to organizations, 232, 254,
255, 269.
blending works with terrain, 258, 260, 266.
clearing the front, 217, 233, 235,
246, 252, 256,
258, 269, 270,
272, 275, 276.
closed works in, 252.
communications, _See Communicating trenches_, 216, 255, 256,
257, 260, 262,
267, 270, 276.
as effecting number of troops required, 267.
concealment, 231, 233, 256,
257, 258, 260,
262, 275.
considerations prior to occupation of, 230.
continuity of trenches, 233, 251, 253,
254, 265.
effect on visibility, 265.
cross fire and mutual support, 233, 250, 251,
252, 253, 254,
258, 263, 268,
269, 276, 325,
331.
dagger batteries, 121, 234, 235.
dead spaces, _See Dead spaces_.
demolitions, _See Demolitions_.
development of frontal fire, 250, 254, 263.
echelon in refusal of flanks, 209, 260, 265.
examination of terrain from enemy’s point of view, 249, 250.
flanks, _See Patrols, combat_.
organization of, 259.
protection of, 212, 232, 234,
235, 236, 257,
259, 260.
refusal of, 209, 260, 265.
illumination of battlefield, 265, 304.
intervals in, 75, 231, 233,
251, 253.
lines of retreat, 220, 226,
230, 235.
masking the fire of a, 73, 75, 231,
234, 235, 251,
290, 299, 310.
measuring and marking ranges, 216, 217, 230,
233, 246, 252,
253, 256, 257,
258, 259, 262,
270, 271.
observing stations, 255, 256, 258,
271, 276.
obstacles, _See Obstacles_.
occupation of, 244.
offsets, re-entrants and salients, 231, 251, 260.
organization of, 248.
outposts of, 180, 259.
practical problems in, 267, 273.
ravines and hollows, treatment of, 252, 256,
258, 273.
regimental sectors, 255.
requirements of, 230, 232,
248, 257.
second line of defense, 237.
sectors, 232, 254, 255,
269, 274.
security to front during occupation, 213, 234, 259.
selection from map, 249.
small forces in, 232, 248.
supporting points.
details of organization, 249, 251, 252,
255, 268, 274.
in rear of main line, 237.
to be studied as terrain exercise, 19, 249, 267.
utilization of natural features of terrain, _See Terrain_.
when to be occupied, 231.
Defensive power of cavalry, 169.
of small forces, 231, 232.
Defilade, flash, 113, 133, 140.
mounted and dismounted, 113.
of reverse slopes, 135, 324, 325.
sight, 113.
Defiladed areas, _See Dead spaces_.
DEFILES
artillery fire on outlet, 128, 172, 300.
attack of cavalry at, 101, 103.
attack of convoy at, 101, 103.
defense of, 80, 128, 172,
173, 178, 180,
190, 307.
in pursuit, 301.
passage of, 63, 85,
229, 300.
by convoys, 108.
by patrols, 50.
by trains, 84, 376.
reconnaissance of, 50, 62,
102, 108, 190.
Deflection, deflection difference, 116.
DELAYING ACTION, _See Rear guard, Retreat, Withdrawal, etc._, 297.
advantages of single position, 74.
aggressive tactics in, 75, 204,
297, 299.
ambuscade, 299.
ammunition supply, 300.
artillery in, 71, 73, 74,
77, 128, 290,
300, 316.
by small forces, 231, 232.
cavalry in, 70, 71, 72,
73, 147, 153,
154, 155, 168,
233, 290, 293,
298.
concealment, 74.
danger of decisive engagement, 299.
demolitions, _See Demolitions_.
dummy trenches, 298.
engineers in, 57, 71, 316.
extension of front in, 73, 74, 219,
233, 251, 297,
298.
field fortification, _See Fortification_, 298.
fire superiority, 299.
flank guard in, 80.
flank positions in, 73, 290, 299.
line of retreat, 74, 297.
location of firing line, 298, 324.
long range fire in, 74, 230, 257,
297, 299, 300,
329.
machine guns in, 74, 300, 306.
obstacles, _See Obstacles_.
offensive tactics in, 75, 204,
297, 299.
outpost troops, 73, 313, 317.
passive defense in, 200, 204,
293, 297.
positions for, 57, 73, 74,
289, 297, 298,
316.
flank, 73, 290, 299.
in withdrawal, 289.
on line of a river, 300.
successive, 73, 77, 154,
292, 299.
procedure in, 73, 297.
rear guard in, 70, 73,
297, 316.
supports and reserves in, 211, 233, 297.
withdrawal from, 297, 298, 299.
DEMOLITIONS
by fire, 71, 252.
fire for, _See Artillery_.
of bridges, _See Bridges_.
of buildings, 252, 272, 273.
of materiel by artillery fire, 109, 114, 126,
133, 135, 138,
141.
of obstacles, _See Obstacles_.
outfits, cavalry, 71, 145.
outpost, 173, 193.
Demonstrations
against hostile flanks, 227.
in attack of a river line, 279, 282.
Density of firing line, _See Attack and Defense_.
Deploying positions in attack, _See Attack_.
Deployment, at long range, _See Attack_.
depth of, 208, 347.
in night attack, 303.
envelopment to be provided for in, 208, 345.
from two column formation, 78, 79, 339.
in rencontre, 296.
of a division, time required, 344.
place of, 346.
time for, 326.
Depot, advance supply, _See Advance supply depot_.
Depth of deployment, 208, 347.
of outposts, 179.
Description of localities in orders, 41, 223.
Destruction of hostile cavalry, _See Cavalry_.
Detached posts, 172, 174,
178, 193.
Detachments during combat, 91, 149, 155,
205, 225.
Detachments rejoin for combat, 91, 155, 156,
205, 225.
Detachment warfare, 47, 147.
Detail in orders, 25, 38, 39,
42, 47, 108,
142, 143, 145.
Detailed observation by air craft, 383, 386.
Development of aeroplanes, 382.
Development orders, 346.
Diagrammatic analysis of problems, 29.
Diagrams of division in column of route, 343.
Diamond corral, 102.
Direct fire, positions for, _See Artillery_.
Direct laying, 114, 126.
Discretionary powers
of artillery commander, 142, 143,
240, 266.
of cavalry commander, 145, 146, 174,
240, 241, 311,
338.
of engineer commander, 259.
of flank guard commander, 74, 82.
of rear guard commander, 74, 295.
of signal commander, 341.
Dismounted action, cavalry, 150.
DISPERSION, _See Attack, Defense, etc._
in delaying action, 251, 297, 298.
in river line attack, 278.
longitudinal, 115.
of cavalry force, 234.
of fire, how increased, 331.
of machine guns, 173, 255, 306.
DISTANCES
and intervals in outposts, 179.
at night, 60.
as affected by close country, _See Close country_.
at which outpost must hold enemy, 176.
advance guard, 60.
between main body and advance guard, 67, 88, 337.
estimation of, 305, 333.
in flank march, 86.
of advance supply depot in rear of troops, 364, 367, 370,
371, 372.
of flank guard, 79, 80.
of obstacles from firing line, 217, 259, 265.
of supports from firing line, 212, 257, 262,
324, 325, 327.
rear guard, 72.
required for protection from fire, 80, 176, 300,
346.
to which motor transport is effective, 387.
Distribution
in depth, 347.
individual and collective, _See Artillery_.
of fire, 331.
of orders, 40, 43, 44,
220, 228, 293,
350, 388.
of troops, advance guard, 64.
in camp, 173, 354.
Dividing responsibility with a subordinate, 42.
DIVISION
advance guard of, 337.
bridge trains with, 340, 361.
camp, 353.
cavalry, organization of, 10.
combat, 344.
commander, place of, 337.
depth of deployment, 348, 349.
dispositions in attack, 208.
in column of route, diagram of, 343.
march outposts, 341.
on the march, 337.
supply, 360.
tactics, 337.
influence of supply, 360.
time required for deployment, 344.
trains, _See Trains_.
Division of responsibility with subordinates, 42.
Division of reserves, _See Attack and Defense_.
Divisional cavalry, _See Cavalry_.
Double column, 29, 30, 31,
78, 79, 149.
artillery and trains in, 78, 91, 95,
339.
deployment from, 78, 79, 339.
Drainage, _See Camps_.
Drainage of trenches, 263.
Dressing stations, 222, 224,
312, 319.
location of, 224, 225, 263,
319, 320, 349.
time for establishment, 222, 228, 235,
319, 320, 349.
Dummy intrenchments, 126, 251, 263,
266, 298.
Dust raised by blast of discharge, 110.
Duties of artillery personnel, 129, 130, 131.
of personnel in fire engagements, 332.
E
Early start for marches, 86, 88, 341.
Echelons
in a defensive line, 251.
in advance to attack, 210.
movements of artillery in, 121, 125, 291.
of trenches on a flank, 209, 260, 265.
Economy in use of cavalry, 144, 168, 172.
Effect, fire for, _See Artillery fire_.
Elbow rests, 259.
Elevation, angle of, _See Artillery_.
Elongation, 17, 59, 90.
Enemy
assumption as to probable action of, 23.
contact with, _See Contact_.
first contact to be reported, 55.
indications of presence, 52, 54.
information of, 20, 52, 55,
148, 209, 211,
213, 220, 295,
296, 308, 311,
348, 356, 384.
location of flanks of, 209, 220, 226.
Enfilade and oblique fire, 209, 230, 236,
344, 345.
artillery, 120, 127, 226,
265, 328, 349.
effect on vulnerability, 212, 326, 327,
328.
machine gun, 235, 306.
ENGINEERS
as escort for artillery, 224, 291, 314.
as escort for trains, 84, 341.
demolitions by, _See Demolitions_.
discretionary powers of commander, 259.
in attack, 224, 228,
241, 347.
in night attack, 304.
in organization of a defensive position,
_See Fortification_, 216, 217, 228,
234, 235, 247,
258, 260, 272,
273, 276.
in position in readiness, 309, 314, 316.
in retreat, 57, 58, 71,
316.
in river line attack, 283.
mounted, with cavalry, 56, 145, 153,
167, 283.
mounted section, 57, 71.
on the march in division, 340.
on outpost, 173, 180.
splitting units of, 258.
train, 349, 355, 360,
361, 376.
with advance guard, 56, 57,
337, 340.
with convoy, 99.
with flank guard, 78.
Entanglements, wire, 217, 259,
261, 265.
Enveloping attack, _See Attack_.
Envelopment to be provided for in first deployment, 208, 345.
Equipage, bridge or ponton, _See Bridges_.
Escort
for artillery, 224.
for machine guns, 157, 161,
222, 306.
for prisoners, 104, 351.
for trains, 62, 78, 84, 86,
293, 317, 341,
376.
of a convoy, _See Convoys_.
Establishment of an outpost, 187, 191.
Estimate of situation, 18, 21, 22,
27, 44, 64,
65, 191, 192,
220, 225, 226,
297, 308.
time required for, 43.
Estimating distances, 305.
Evacuation of wounded, _See Ambulances, Sanitary troops,
Wounded, etc._
Examination of terrain, _See Reconnaissance_.
Examining posts, 182, 184.
EXAMPLES
of messages, _See Messages_.
of orders, _See Orders_.
Excavation, time required for, 261.
Exchange of information by patrols, 52.
Expenditure of ammunition in combat, 214.
Explosives, _See Demolitions_.
Extended intervals, _See Cavalry charge_.
Extension of front
in combat, _See Attack and Defense_.
in delaying action, _See Delaying action_.
in pursuit, 301.
F
Feint, _See River line attack_.
Ferries, 176, 277, 280,
283.
Field artillery, _See Artillery_.
Field bakery, 361, 372.
Field fortification, _See Fortification_.
Field glasses, 48, 51, 385.
Field hospitals, 320, 369, 376.
capacity of, 319.
place in action, 349.
Field kitchens, 365, 388.
Field of fire, _See Attack, Defense, etc._, 154, 216, 230,
250, 257, 262,
275.
as an obstacle, 212, 217.
clearing, 217, 233, 235,
246, 252, 256,
258, 269, 270,
272, 275, 276.
extent of, 250, 257,
262, 297.
in delaying and decisive actions, 230, 251,
257, 297.
outpost, 182, 183.
Field orders, _See Orders_.
Field trains, _See Trains_.
FIRE
aimed, vulnerability of various formations, 325.
artillery, _See Artillery, fire_.
at what directed, 331.
at will, _See Artillery, fire_.
classification of, 329.
concentration on critical points, 331.
control, 333.
convergence of, 209.
covering enemy’s line with, 210, 331.
discipline, 333, 334.
distribution of, 330, 331, 332.
dispersion, effect of visibility of target, 330.
how secured, 331.
enfilade and oblique, _See Enfilade fire_.
engagement, duties of personnel, 332.
orders of captain in, 334.
field of, _See Field of fire_.
from the rear, effects of, 154, 325.
frontal, maximum development, 252, 254, 263.
grazing effect, 324.
long range, in defense and delaying action, _See these subjects_.
mounted, inaccuracy of, 168.
overlapping and switching, 331.
platoon targets, 331, 332.
position, _See Position fire_.
plunging, 324, 327.
rapid, 305, 329, 330, 335.
rates of, infantry, 329.
machine guns, 305.
shrapnel, _See Shrapnel_.
slow, 329.
small arms, vulnerability of various formations, 325.
superiority, 63, 114, 120,
204, 206, 209,
237, 238, 277,
278, 279, 280,
298, 299, 331,
334.
affords best cover, 209, 216, 345.
number of rounds required to establish, 214, 330.
when established, 209, 330.
sweeping, vulnerability of various formations, 325.
swept zone, 120, 205, 211,
215, 289, 324,
327, 329.
tiers of, 325.
volley, when employed, 329, 330, 335.
when opened in attack, 209.
Fires, and tent pitching of outpost, 182.
Firing data, 116, 142, 310.
Firing line, density of, 208, 219, 233,
330, 347.
location of in retreat and delaying action, 324.
reinforcement of, 208, 211, 237,
238, 257, 327,
328.
Firing over heads of infantry, 120, 122, 141,
349.
Flanged wheels for motor vehicles, 389.
Flank, _See Attack, Defense, Cavalry, Patrols, etc._
hostile, position to be ascertained, 209, 220, 226.
observers, artillery, 115.
reconnaissance, _See Reconnaissance_.
refusal of, 178, 209,
260, 265.
FLANK GUARDS, 78.
artillery with, 78, 339.
cavalry with, 78, 81, 168,
339.
composition of, 78, 79.
conduct of, 81.
connecting routes with main body, 79, 81, 82,
339.
considerations influencing decision as to use, 79.
contact with advance and rear guards, 62, 81.
contact with enemy, 81.
decisive engagements by, 81, 339.
delaying action, 80.
discretionary powers of commander, 74, 82.
distance from main body, 61, 79, 80.
engineers with, 78.
formation, 81.
in change of direction, 80, 91.
in retreat, 74.
leaving prescribed route, 82.
machine guns with, 78.
occupation of critical points, 80, 82.
of cavalry, 78, 81, 339.
of convoy, 80, 95, 96, 99, 100.
of large and of small forces, 80, 81.
orders for, 82.
organization of, 259.
reconnaissance by, 79, 81.
reinforcement, 82.
routes of, 79, 82.
sanitary troops with, 78.
signal troops with, 78, 340.
strength of, 78.
trains, 78, 79.
when required, 79.
Flank, hostile, cavalry operations against, _See Cavalry_.
Flank march, _See Convoys, Flank guard, Marches_.
Flank positions
artillery, 120, 141.
in delaying action, 73, 290, 299.
in retreat and withdrawal, 73, 74, 289,
290, 293.
Flank protection, _See Attack and Defense_.
by artillery, 110, 117, 119,
122, 129, 130,
212.
by cavalry, 212, 227, 234.
by machine guns, 227, 234, 235,
305, 306.
by obstacles, 176, 178, 207,
212, 259, 311.
by outpost, 176.
by reserves, 211, 236, 257,
259, 297, 346.
during combat, _See Patrols_, 205, 211, 212,
226, 227, 230,
232, 235, 240,
257, 259, 305,
306, 348.
in retreat, 74.
of small forces, 178, 232, 248.
on march, 61, 79, 81.
patrols, _See Patrols_.
provision for by supreme commander, 213, 227, 232,
235, 346.
Flare lights, 265.
Flash defilade, 113, 133, 140.
Flying depots, 367.
Forage, 361, 365, 366,
368, 388.
weights of, 379.
Foragers, cavalry, 150, 151.
Foraging, 148, 169, 361.
Fords, 90, 284.
Form for action, 123, 131.
Forms for orders, 37, 38, 40.
Forms of attack, 205.
Form of messages, 54.
Formation, in two columns, _See Double column_.
FORTIFICATION, FIELD, _See Defensive position_, 215, 248.
as cover from artillery fire, 133, 216.
blending works with natural features of terrain, 258, 260, 266.
by whom ordered, 216.
clearing front, 217, 233, 235,
246, 252, 256,
258, 269, 270,
272, 275, 276.
closed works in, 252.
concealment of, 183, 253, 256,
258, 260, 262,
265, 266.
constructed by troops who occupy, 216, 234,
255, 276.
demolitions, _See Demolitions_.
duties of engineers in, 216, 217, 228,
234, 235, 247,
258, 260, 272,
273, 276.
effect on initiative and morale, 209, 216, 254,
257, 267, 310.
grenade nets, 253.
guiding principles, 266, 267.
in attack, 215, 216.
in close country, 254.
in delaying action, 298.
in position in readiness, 309, 310,
311, 314.
in river line defense, 284.
in withdrawal, 289.
latrines, 256, 263.
misuse of, 216, 248, 249,
257, 284, 310.
obstacles, _See Obstacles_.
outpost, 173, 177,
182, 183.
parados, 263.
problems in, 267, 273.
relief for workers, 262.
rôle?of, 216, 248, 249,
254, 266.
tasks, amount of, 261, 262.
time, tools, and personnel required, 216, 256,
261, 270.
trenches
alignment of, 231, 251, 257,
260, 262, 270.
communicating, 216, 253, 255,
271, 276.
dummy, 126, 251, 263,
266, 298.
drainage, 263.
location of, 252, 257, 258,
262, 324.
trenches, fire
communications in, 253, 255.
continuity of, 233, 251, 253,
254, 265.
details of construction, 261.
elbow rests, 263.
head and overhead cover, 216, 253, 255,
256, 258, 261,
263, 276.
loop-holes, 258, 263.
traverses, 253, 255, 256,
257, 260, 262,
263, 270.
trenches, support, 216, 256, 257,
260, 262.
utilization of natural features of terrain, 250, 252, 254,
256, 257, 258,
259, 260, 266.
visibility of works to aeronauts, 265, 266.
works to be located on terrain, 249, 267.
Framework of a position in readiness, 310.
Freight cars, dimensions and capacity of, 378, 379.
Frontage
covered by fire of a battery, 110.
in attack and defense, 210, 217, 223,
331, 332, 346,
348.
of a battalion and squadron on outpost, 171, 180.
of a battalion in combat, 219.
of a battery in action, 110, 119, 140.
of a cavalry screen, 165, 174.
of an outpost, 177.
Frontal attack, _See Attack, frontal_, 206.
in advance guard action, 229.
in pursuit, 229.
of a river line, 278.
Frontal fire, maximum development of, 252, 254, 263.
Fuel, _See Camps_.
carried by aeroplanes, 387.
G
Gaits, in cavalry attack, 158, 159, 160.
Gap, _See Interval_.
General situation, 20.
General supply column, 365, 367, 368.
Geneva Convention, 318.
Geographical crest, 324.
artillery positions near, 121, 126, 129,
133, 140, 234.
in delaying action, 290, 298.
Geological Survey, maps of, 34, 249.
Good and bad news, 41, 246, 314.
Good practice in tactics, 9, 23.
Good roads, for wagon and motor transport, 78, 83, 364,
377, 387, 388.
Grazing effect of rifle fire, 324.
Grenades, 253.
Ground scouts, 155, 156, 160,
167, 213.
Guerrilla warfare, 8.
Guides for night attacks, 302.
for night marches, 87.
Guiding points in attack, 210, 211, 221,
223, 224, 330,
332.
H
Habit of early starting, 86, 341.
of intrenching, 216.
Hague Convention, 362, 377.
Half-hearted measures, 204.
Halt order, time of issue, 93, 191, 355,
356.
Halts of trains, 377.
Halts during a march, 89, 343, 377.
Head and overhead cover, 216, 253, 255,
256, 258, 263,
276.
Heavy field artillery, _See Artillery_.
Height of axle, artillery carriage, 109.
Height of mask, artillery fire, 113, 133.
Heights of observation for air craft, 138, 139,
384, 385.
Heliograph, 115, 117.
High explosive shell, _See Shell_.
Holding attack, _See Attack, frontal_.
Horse artillery, _See Artillery_.
Horseholders, 152, 154.
Houses, demolition of, 252, 272, 273.
reconnaissance of, 50.
Hostile reinforcements, _See Reinforcements_.
Hostlers, 46.
Howitzers, _See Artillery_.
Hydroaeroplanes, 383.
I
Ideal conditions for supply, 372.
Identification of targets, 330.
of dead, 321.
Illumination of the battlefield, 265, 304.
Imaginary troops, 23, 32.
Immobilization of machine guns, 253, 305.
Inaccuracy of mounted fire, 168.
Increase in length of marches, 89.
Independent cavalry, _See Cavalry, independent_.
Indications of enemy’s presence, 52, 55.
Indirect laying, 114.
heavy field artillery, 133.
Individual characteristics reflected in solution
of tactical problems, 26, 27.
to be developed, 7.
Individual distribution, _See Artillery fire_.
Individual orders, 38, 39, 42, 220.
Inefficiency of loading, effect on capacity of carriers, 379.
Infantry batteries, 124.
Infantry in long columns of artillery or trains, 83, 99, 110,
339.
plan of attack based on best dispositions of, 207, 345.
Infirmary, regimental, 318.
Influence of cavalry on strength of outpost, 171, 172, 174,
188, 189, 190.
of fortifications on morale, 209, 216, 254,
257, 267, 310.
of motor vehicles on warfare, _See Motor vehicles_.
of obstacles on assumption of offensive, 176, 217, 230,
232, 299, 310.
of roads on strength and disposition of outposts, 170, 176, 183.
Information contained in patrol’s message, 55.
in orders, 41, 246, 314.
Information, lines of, 341.
of enemy, 20, 52, 55, 148,
209, 211, 213, 220,
295, 308, 311, 348,
356, 384.
patrols, _See Patrols_.
service of, _See Air craft, Cavalry, Patrols, etc._
by cavalry, 148, 165.
Inhabitants, interviews with, 53.
Initial point of march, 58, 59, 88,
89, 337, 338,
341.
Initiative, 27.
effect of fortification on, 254, 257.
in operations of cavalry, 151, 161, 167.
in pursuit, 301.
in rencontre, 295, 296.
of subordinates, 22, 25, 42,
223.
Inspection of outpost dispositions, 193.
Instructions, to artillery, 140, 143.
to patrol leaders, 47.
Interference of routes, 58, 59, 88,
89, 227, 292.
Integrity of tactical units
in combat, 204, 205, 217.
in forming advance guard, 57, 337.
of artillery, 123, 133, 140,
228, 345, 349.
on outpost, 175.
Interval
between guns in battery, 110, 140.
between main and holding attack, 209, 344,
345, 346.
extended, in cavalry charge, 151.
in a defensive line, 231, 233,
251, 253.
in an outpost, 179, 180.
Intrenchments, _See Fortification_.
Invading the province of subordinates, 22, 25, 42,
223.
Issues, _See Ammunition and Supply_.
of rations, 81, 351, 355, 356,
366, 367, 368, 369,
375.
Issue points, 356, 375.
K
Kinds of orders, 39.
Kitchens, field, 365, 388.
location of in combat, 256.
Kites, 381.
L
Landmarks
as guiding points in attack, 210, 211, 221,
224, 330, 332.
for designation of targets, 332.
for designation of outpost sectors, 182.
in assignments of fronts, 210.
in patrolling, 48, 50.
preferred to map-marks in orders, 41, 223.
Late arrival in camp, 87.
Latitude allowed artillery commander, 142, 143,
240, 266.
cavalry commander, 145, 146, 174,
240, 241, 311,
338.
engineer commander, 259.
flank guard commander, 74, 82.
rear guard commander, 74, 295.
signal commander, 341.
Latrines, 256, 263.
Laying, direct, 114, 126.
indirect, 114, 133.
Leading troops, 57, 85, 316.
Led horses, 154, 233, 241.
Length and speed of marches, 54, 89, 90,
101, 165, 195,
337, 377.
Limbers, artillery, position in action, 119, 128, 132.
Limitations of air craft, 386.
Limiting ranges in attack and defense, _See Attack and Defense_.
Limiting ranges of field artillery, 132.
Limits of front of outpost, 177.
Line of columns, cavalry, 157, 161, 163.
Line of communication, 11.
administration of, 362, 372.
commander of, 351, 356, 362, 363.
interruption of, 373.
motor transport for, 388.
multiple, 364.
operations against, 148.
service of, 363, 364.
zone of, 363, 364.
Line of fours, _See Cavalry_.
Line of observation, outpost, 171, 173, 184,
185, 186, 187.
Line of resistance, outpost, 73, 173, 176,
177, 178, 180,
182, 183, 187,
353.
Line of retreat
delaying positions on flank of, 73, 299.
in position in readiness, 309, 311, 312, 313.
in withdrawal or delaying action, 73, 74, 292,
297.
multiple, 230, 292.
of enemy, 204, 207, 344.
of patrol, 52.
position of trains indicates, 83, 95.
pressure against, 344.
security of, 74, 154, 183,
204, 207, 230,
235, 278, 297,
312.
separation from, 207.
Line, vulnerability of, 325.
Lines of information, _See Signal_, 341.
Linking horses, 152.
Litters, 319.
Living off the country, 361, 362, 363,
369, 377, 388.
Loading, care in as affecting capacity of carriers, 379.
Localities, capital letters in orders and messages, 41, 54.
description of in orders, 41, 223.
Location of outposts, _See Outposts_, 176.
of works of field fortification, _See Fortification_.
Long range fire in attack and defense, _See Attack and Defense_.
Lookout points, _See Observing stations_.
Loopholes, 258, 263.
Losses in retreat over fire swept zone, 215, 289, 324.
M
MACHINE GUNS
ammunition supply, 305.
anti-aircraft, 138, 305,
307, 385.
as supports for artillery, 121, 122, 133,
304, 307.
dispersion of, 173, 255, 306.
effect of artillery fire, 265.
emplacements for, 255, 256, 265,
276.
flank defense by, 227, 234, 235,
305, 306.
immobilization of, 253, 305.
in attack, 217, 218, 222,
282, 304.
in defense, 173, 228, 232,
233, 234, 252,
253, 255, 256,
265, 269, 270,
276, 304, 328.
in delaying actions, 74, 300, 306.
in night attack, 304, 307.
in pursuit, 306.
in rencontre, 296, 306.
mobility, 305.
motor transport for, 136, 305.
need of skilled operators, 305.
on air craft, 307, 382, 383.
on outpost, 172, 173, 180,
182, 307.
pack transportation, 305.
position fire, 74, 331.
ranges and rates of fire, 304, 305.
supports for, 157, 161, 222, 306.
surprise fire by, 253, 305.
vs. artillery, 265, 296,
305, 306.
with advance guard, 56, 306.
with cavalry, 152, 157, 159,
161, 306.
with flank guard, 78.
with rear guard, 71, 74, 306.
Maneuvering zone, for artillery, 338.
for main body, 296.
Maps, 23, 41, 48,
49.
corrections to, 50.
for solution of tactical problems, 25, 33.
Geological Survey, 34, 249.
issue of attack orders from, 205.
location of defensive position from, 249.
location of outpost from, 192, 356.
Map maneuver, _See Problems_.
Map measure, 28.
Map problems, _See Problems_.
Map references in orders, 41, 42.
March outposts
at crossroads, 341.
functions of cavalry, 190, 201.
of a division, 341.
of a patrol, 51.
patrolling by, 190.
placed by advance guard, 62, 190, 201.
when placed and withdrawn, 190, 192.
MARCHES, _See Advance, Rear and Flank Guards, etc._
abandoning selected line of, 82, 101.
alternation of troops in column, 85, 337, 338.
arrangement of troops and trains, 83.
artillery on, 71, 83, 110,
123, 128, 136,
338.
assembly of trains, 341.
bridge trains, 340.
by large and by small forces, 89.
cavalry on, _See Cavalry_.
change in direction, 80, 91, 102.
data in orders, 337.
days of rest, 87, 89, 337.
details of start, 88, 341.
disposition of trains, _See Trains_, 83, 84.
early, of a campaign, 89.
effects of cold and of warm weather, 91.
elongation, 17, 59, 90.
engineers on, _See Engineers_, 340.
forced, 89, 90.
habit of early starting, 86, 341.
halts during, 89, 343, 377.
infantry in long columns of artillery or wagons, 83, 99, 110,
339.
influence of terrain, 62.
in double column, 78, 79, 91,
95, 149, 339.
in peace time, 83.
initial point, 58, 59, 88,
89, 337, 338,
341.
interference of routes, 58, 59, 88,
89.
intermingling foot and mounted troops, 83, 86.
late arrivals in camp, 87.
length and speed of, 54, 89, 101,
165, 195, 337,
377.
night, _See Night marches_.
of a convoy, _See Convoys_.
of a division, 337.
orders, 39, 58, 59,
60, 83, 88,
89, 97, 337.
passage of defiles, 63, 85, 229,
300.
place of supreme commander, 85, 86, 337.
reconnaissance during, _See Advance guard, Reconnaissance, etc._
regulation of, 60, 88.
selection of route, 90, 100, 337.
sanitary troops on, _See Sanitary_.
signal troops on, 340.
time of starting, 86, 88, 337,
338, 341.
Marginal distribution in orders, 40.
Marshes as obstacles, 176, 216, 232.
Mask, artillery, 113, 133.
Masked fire, _See Artillery_.
Masking the fire of a defensive position, 73, 75, 231,
234, 235, 251,
290, 299, 310.
Materiel, artillery, 109.
demolition by artillery fire, 109, 114, 126,
133, 135, 138,
141.
Meals for outposts, 175, 182, 184,
187, 192.
for patrols, 48.
Measuring and marking ranges, 216, 217, 230,
233, 246, 252,
253, 256, 257,
258, 259, 262,
270, 171.
Meeting engagements, _See Rencontre_.
Messages
by cavalry, 149.
by patrols, 45, 53,
codes for, 150.
during combat, 350.
examples of, 240, 246, 274,
316, 350, 357,
360.
form and verbiage of, 54.
negative, 55.
transmission of, 53, 54, 144,
149, 384, 388.
Mil, 109, 331, 332.
Military crest, 118, 298, 324.
Military policy of United States, 6.
MISSION
change of, 22, 91.
in defense, 217, 219.
in estimate of situation, 18, 21.
in position in readiness, 308.
in pursuit, 300.
in rencontre, 231, 295, 296.
of advance guard, 62, 63, 64,
147, 229, 296.
of artillery, 118, 120, 122,
123, 126, 128,
142, 227.
of cavalry, 60, 62, 64,
81, 85, 144,
146, 147, 148,
149, 164, 165,
234, 338.
of flank guard, 339.
of patrols, 47, 51, 52.
of sanitary troops, 318.
plan of action governed by, 27, 219, 229,
295, 308.
subordinates to be informed of, 41, 47.
Mixing tactical units in combat, 205.
Mobility and immobility of cavalry horses, 152, 155.
Mobility
as affected by supply, 362, 388, 389.
as affected by motor vehicles, 87, 387, 388,
389.
of heavy field artillery, 133.
of machine guns, 305.
of mountain artillery, 137, 138.
Modern theory of war, 5.
Motorcycles, 144, 150.
MOTOR VEHICLES, 387.
armored cars, 80, 98, 387,
388.
as adjunct to aero service, 382, 389.
as adjunct to rail transport, 387.
as affecting mobility, 87, 387, 388,
389.
as tenders for air craft, 382.
communication by, 144, 150, 388.
concentration of troops by, 87, 211, 387,
389.
convoys of, 83, 96.
distribution of orders by, 44.
economic size of, 388, 389.
employment in groups of same type, 96, 389, 390.
fatigue avoided by use of, 387, 388.
field kitchens, 388.
for escort of convoy, 98.
for overseas operations, 388.
for staff uses, 388.
for transport of artillery and machine guns, 136, 139, 305,
387, 389.
good roads for, 364, 387, 388.
in ambulance service, 389.
in messenger service, 144, 150, 384,
388.
in pursuit, 98, 301, 387.
in retreat, 71, 387.
in service of information, 47, 144, 150,
388, 389.
in supply, 83, 96, 364,
388.
interruption of movement, 387.
loading, dispatch, and unloading, 387.
on railroads, 389.
patrolling by, 45, 47, 389.
speed of, 90, 101, 377, 388.
training of personnel, 389.
trains of, 80, 83, 95,
96, 364, 365,
388.
Mountain artillery, _See Artillery_, 136.
Mountain ranges and deserts as obstacles, 277.
Mounted engineers, _See Engineers_.
Mounted orderlies, 46, 144, 222,
311.
on outpost, 172, 181, 190.
with advance guard, 56, 61.
Mounted point, 61, 99.
Mounted reserve, cavalry, 151, 154.
Movements across country, 90, 140.
by night, _See Night Marches_, 86, 87, 89,
125, 144, 168,
205, 277, 281,
289, 302.
during action, artillery, _See Artillery_.
in two columns, 29, 30, 31,
78, 79, 91,
95, 149, 339.
Mules, pack, _See Pack trains_.
maximum load, 136.
Mutual support by cross fire, 233, 250, 251,
252, 253, 254,
258, 263, 268,
269, 276, 325,
331.
Multiple lines of retreat, 230, 292.
N
Natural features of terrain, _See Terrain_.
Negative messages, 55.
News, good and bad in orders, 41, 246, 314.
Night and day positions of elements of an outpost, 187, 191, 193,
356.
NIGHT
distances at, 60.
marches and movements
assembly, 303.
by artillery, 125, 303.
by cavalry, 144, 168.
effect on efficiency of troops, 86, 87, 89.
guides for, 87, 302, 303.
in concentration, 87, 205.
in pursuit, 87, 205.
in retreat, 87, 205, 289.
in river line attack, 277, 281.
in withdrawal, 205, 289.
occasion for, 87, 205.
reconnaissance prior to, 302.
time required for, 89.
reconnaissance, _See Night attacks and Outposts_.
NIGHT ATTACKS, 263, 302, 317.
ammunition supply, 303.
animals and vehicles, 303.
artillery, 303.
badges and watchwords, 303.
by large forces, 303.
by small forces, 205, 302.
cavalry, 303.
close order and simple formations, 303.
counter attacks, 303.
defense against, 304.
depths of formation, 303.
engineers, 304.
false attacks and demonstrations, 304.
guides, 302, 303.
issue of orders, 304.
machine guns in, 304, 307.
of bridge heads, 304.
reconnaissance prior to, 302, 303.
rendezvous, 303.
reserves, 303.
simplicity of plan, 303.
time for, 170, 188, 304.
trains in, 303.
use of bayonets, 303.
Numerical designation of supports and outguards, 183.
O
Oblique fire, _See Fire, enfilade_.
Objectives of air raids, 384.
Observation and control of artillery fire, 115, 117, 122,
125, 131, 140,
383.
Observation, position in, _See Artillery_.
Observing stations
artillery, 111, 117, 119,
129, 130, 131,
135.
balloons and kites as, 381, 383.
battalion, 256, 271, 276.
for patrols, 51.
for supreme commander, 131, 225, 226,
228.
hostile, 262.
in combat, 131, 212, 225,
226, 255, 256,
258, 271, 276.
outpost, 186, 192.
portable, 381.
regimental, 255.
trees as, 117.
OBSTACLES
air craft surmount, 386.
as security for flanks, 176, 178, 207,
212, 259, 311.
between flank guard and main body, 79, 81, 82.
between main and holding attacks, 345.
classification of, 216, 217.
concealment of, 259, 262, 265.
construction of, 173, 176, 234,
246, 253, 256,
258, 259, 267,
304.
covering with fire, 217, 256.
demolition of, 58, 252, 259.
distance from firing line, 217, 259, 265.
effect on formations of attack, 216, 217,
277, 345.
fences as, 156, 217.
field of fire as, 212, 217.
forms of, 216, 217.
in delaying action, 74.
in night attack, 304.
in position in readiness, 310, 311.
influence on assumption of offensive, 176, 217, 230,
232, 299, 310.
influence on density of firing line, 233.
natural, 176, 216, 252,
277, 345, 386.
on flank, 176, 178, 207,
212, 259, 311.
on the march, 58, 62, 64,
100, 103.
outpost, 171, 173, 176,
180, 182, 190, 193.
removal of, 58, 98, 224,
228, 252, 256,
258, 269, 271,
272, 273, 275,
283.
repair of, 265.
streams as, 29, 176, 217,
275, 277.
swamps as, 176, 216, 232.
to be covered by fire, 217, 256.
to cavalry, 156, 167, 217.
trees as, 252, 253, 256,
258, 269, 275.
wire entanglements, 217, 259,
261, 265.
Occupation of a defensive position, _See Defensive position_.
Offensive tactics, _See Aggressive tactics_.
Offensive tactics in defense,
_See Counter attack, Defense, Delaying action, etc._
Offsets, re-entrants and salients in a defensive line, 231, 251,
260.
Operations, surgical, at dressing stations, 320.
against hostile flanks by cavalry, _See Cavalry_.
ORDERS, 37.
a, b, c, and x, y, z, paragraphs, 39.
abbreviations, 41.
advance guard, 58, 59, 60.
amount of information in, 41, 337.
assembly, 43, 59, 89.
brevity in, 38, 242.
circulation or distribution of, 40, 43, 44,
220, 228, 293,
350, 388.
combat, 39, 40, 205,
208, 210, 211,
220, 225, 332,
346, 350.
combined, 38, 39, 42,
220.
consonance with decision, 44.
contingencies in, 41, 42, 314,
317.
copies to superior commanders, 40.
countermanding of, 42, 317.
data in, 58.
description of localities in, 41, 223.
detail in, 25, 38, 39,
42, 43, 47,
108, 142, 143,
145.
development, 346.
dictated, 42, 43.
division of responsibility with subordinates, 42.
examples of
advance guard, of a small force, _verbal_, 65.
one brigade, reinforced, 67.
assembly, advance guard of a division, 66.
attack by a division, 351.
by a small force of infantry, _verbal_, 220.
enveloping, by reinforced brigade, 243.
frontal, by advance guard, 238, 241.
of a river line, 285, 286.
camp and outpost of a division, 357.
cavalry combat, small force, _verbal_, 163.
change in direction of march, 92.
delaying action, _verbal_, 74.
disposition of trains and issues of a division, 358.
fire engagement, company in, _verbal_, 334.
halt and outpost order of advance guard commander, 196, 200.
march of a convoy, 107.
march of a division, 342.
movement of division trains, 343.
occupation of defensive position, by reinforced brigade, 244.
outpost commander’s first order, 197, 202.
outpost commander’s second order, 198.
outpost commander’s small force, _verbal_, 199.
position in readiness on the march, 312.
pursuit, 301.
retreat and delaying action, 314.
retreat of a reinforced brigade, 75.
withdrawal from action, _verbal_, 293.
for artillery, 122, 124, 126,
128, 130, 132,
142, 143, 240,
266.
for cavalry, 145, 146, 174,
240, 311, 338,
356.
for cavalry charge, 160.
for fire engagement, 332.
for flank guard, 82.
for flank protection, 213, 227, 232,
235, 240, 246.
for intrenching, 216.
for issue of ammunition, 214, 220, 223,
300, 311, 332.
for patrols, 47, 48.
for position in readiness, 311, 312.
for rear guard, 70, 72, 74,
75, 77.
forms for, 37, 38, 40.
good and bad news in, 41, 246, 314.
halt, 93, 191, 355, 356.
individual, 38, 39, 42, 220.
kinds of, 39.
landmarks, 41, 223.
lists of individuals to whom delivered, 40.
map references in, 40, 41.
march, 39, 58, 59,
60, 83, 88,
89, 97, 337.
marginal distribution in, 40.
outpost, 176, 178, 181,
187, 188, 189,
190, 191, 196.
preliminary or preparatory, 43.
provisions for possible retreat, 41, 314.
receipts for, 40.
routine or administrative, 38, 42, 43,
181, 356.
signatures to, 40.
standard time to be used, 41, 189.
structure of, 39.
style of, 37.
time of issue, 42, 59, 64,
93, 191, 304,
355, 356.
time required for circulation, 43.
trespass on province of subordinates, 22, 25, 42,
223.
use of capital letters, 41.
verbal, 38, 39, 43,
220, 293.
verbiage of, 37, 38, 40.
Orderlies, mounted, _See Mounted orderlies_, 46.
Ordnance, _See Artillery_.
Organization
of defensive position, 248.
of heavy field artillery, 133.
of tactical and supply units, U. S. Army, 10.
Outguards, _See Outposts_.
OUTPOSTS, 170.
all-around, 178, 183.
apportionment of duty, infantry, and cavalry, 168, 171, 172,
174, 188.
artillery, 128, 172, 181.
assigned to reserve of advance guard, 58.
barricades, 173, 180.
camping arrangements, 181, 191.
cavalry, _See Cavalry_.
communications, 179, 184, 185,
187.
composition, 170, 189.
concealment, 180, 182, 183,
184.
contact with adjacent outposts, 186.
contact with enemy, 170, 177, 181,
185, 189.
cordon and patrol systems of, 184.
cossack posts, _See Outguards_.
day and night positions and duties, 187, 191,
193, 356.
depth of, 179.
detached posts, 172, 173, 174,
178, 186.
detail from advance guard, 170, 356.
detail from rear guard, 170.
distances and intervals, 179, 189.
distance at which enemy is held, 176, 179.
duties, 170, 177, 185.
effect of cavalry on strength of, 171, 172, 174,
188, 189, 190.
of close country on dispositions of, 171, 179, 180,
186, 188.
of roads on strength and dispositions of, 170, 171, 176,
177, 181, 182,
183.
engineers, 173, 193.
establishment of, 187, 191.
examining posts, 182, 184.
exterior guards, 171, 174, 181.
field trains, 58, 181, 182,
188.
fires, tent pitching, 181, 182.
firing on enemy, 171, 177.
flanks, 176, 177, 178,
186, 189, 190,
227, 355.
front covered by battalion or squadron, 171, 180.
front, limits of, 177.
in advance, 170.
in retreat or delaying action, 73, 77, 170,
172, 317.
infantry vs. cavalry, 171.
inspection of, 193.
integrity of tactical units, 175.
interior guards, 178, 181.
intervals and distances, 179, 189.
intrenching, 177, 182, 183,
184.
line of observation, 171, 173, 184,
185, 186, 187.
line of resistance, 73, 173, 176,
177, 178, 180,
182, 183, 187,
353.
preparation for defense, 173, 180, 182,
183, 187.
reserve on, 177, 180.
location of, 176, 353, 356.
general rule for, 176.
use of maps in, 192, 356.
machine guns on, 172, 173, 180,
182, 307.
march, _See March outposts_.
meals, 175, 182, 184,
187, 192.
mounted men, 171, 172, 181,
185, 186, 187,
203.
night signals, 187.
observation points, 186, 192.
obstacles on line of resistance, 173, 182, 186,
193.
of cavalry, 174, 179, 189.
of small commands, 174, 178.
on front of a defensive position, 180, 259.
on line of a river, 176, 179, 180,
189, 281.
orders, 191.
day and night, 189, 191, 193.
of various commanders, 176, 178, 181,
187, 188, 189,
190, 191, 192,
193, 196.
outlines of, 196.
time of issue, 191, 192, 193.
outguards, 175, 183.
at bridges, 180.
classification, 183.
distances, 179.
intervals, 179, 180.
intrenching, 184.
numerical designation, 183.
on roads, 182.
patrolling by, 187.
placing, 187, 188.
reliefs for, 184.
strength of, 175, 183.
patrol and cordon systems, 184.
patrolling, day and night, 188, 189.
limited, 203.
patrols, 184.
classification, 185.
communicating, 184, 185.
concentration of, 175.
day and night, 186, 187.
foot and mounted, 172, 185, 187.
from pickets, 187.
from reserve, 185, 186.
from supports, 182, 186, 187.
functions, 187.
in front of line of observation, 173, 174, 177,
180, 182, 185.
insure vigilance of sentries, 186.
on flanks, 189, 190.
radii of action, 185, 186, 190.
reconnoitering, 185.
reduce vigilance required of outpost, 190.
routes and trails for, 184, 185.
reliefs for, 184, 186.
standing, 172, 174.
strength of, 185, 186.
visiting, 184, 185.
pickets, _See Outguards_.
proximity to enemy, 171, 177.
reconnaissance, _See Patrols_, 170, 171, 174,
177, 182, 184.
relief of, 170, 188.
regimental sectors, 177.
reserve, 180.
camp, 173, 180, 181,
187, 192.
location, 184.
on line of resistance, 177.
patrolling by, 185, 186.
special troops assigned to, 173, 180, 181.
roads, effect on dispositions, 170, 171, 176,
177, 181, 182.
rules for strength and location, 170, 173,
176, 177.
sanitary troops, 173.
security of flanks, 176, 177, 178,
186, 189, 190,
227.
sentinels, 182, 183.
sentry squads, _See Outguards_.
signal troops, 173, 184.
sketches and tables, 193.
strength and composition, 170.
as affected by cavalry, 171, 172, 174,
188, 189, 190.
supports
concealment, 182, 183.
field of fire, 182, 183.
function of, 185.
intrenching, 182, 183.
location, 176, 178, 183.
number from one reserve, 183.
numerical designation, 183.
on roads, 177, 182.
patrolling by, 182, 186, 187.
sectors of observation, 182.
sentinels, 182, 183.
strength, 175, 181.
tents and fires, 181, 182.
time of relief, 170, 188.
trains, 58, 181, 182, 188.
vedettes, 179.
Overthrow of hostile cavalry, 144, 146, 149, 165.
P
Pack mule, maximum load of, 136.
Pack trains, 137, 145, 159,
214, 338, 355,
364, 366, 375,
376.
Pack transportation for machine guns, 305.
for mountain artillery, 136, 137.
Packs, to be discarded in action, 223.
Panic in withdrawal, 289, 291.
Parados, 263.
Parallel pursuit, 72, 168, 230,
301.
Parking a convoy, 99, 102.
Passive defense, _See Defense_.
Patrol and cordon systems of outposts, 184.
PATROLS, 45.
advance guard, 56, 61.
auto, 45, 47, 389.
capture of prisoners, 51.
cavalry, _See Cavalry_, 165.
civilians not to precede, 50.
classification, 45, 165.
combat, 45, 212, 311.
cavalry, 154, 155, 156,
160, 161, 212,
227, 234.
conduct, 212, 213.
distance from flanks, 156, 190.
strength, 156, 213, 235.
combat by, 51, 166, 213.
composition, 45.
conduct, 49.
formations of, 49.
inspection, 48.
interviewing inhabitants, 53.
leader, 45, 47, 48.
action before start, 48.
equipment, 48.
instructions to, 47.
march outposts, 51.
meals, 48.
messages, 45, 53, 150.
mission, 52.
mounted orderlies, 46.
outpost, _See Outpost_.
radius of action, 45, 166, 185, 186.
reconnaissance on march, 49, 50.
reconnoitering or information, 165, 166, 185.
relay posts, 53.
rendezvous, 50.
report first contact with enemy, 55.
road space, 49.
screening or covering, _See Cavalry_, 165.
security, 45, 190.
standing, 172, 174, 189, 311.
strategical, 45, 149, 150,
165, 166, 185.
strength of, 45, 166.
tactical, 45, 165, 166.
Percussion fire, _See Artillery_.
Pickets, outpost, _See Outposts_.
Piercing an attenuated line, 206, 226.
Pioneers, _See Engineers_.
Pioneer training for cavalry, 153, 167.
Plan of attack based on best disposition of infantry, 207, 345.
Platoon columns, 325, 326, 327,
328, 329.
Platoon sectors of targets, 331, 332.
Plows, 262.
Plunging fire, 324, 327.
Police guards, 99, 102.
Police of battlefield, 321, 351.
Ponton equipage, _See Bridge equipage_.
Portable tools, _See Tools_.
Positions, artillery, _See Artillery_.
Position fire, 74, 233, 255,
256, 257, 258,
282, 325, 331.
danger involved in, 258.
in river line attack, 282.
machine guns, 74, 233.
POSITION IN READINESS, 308.
advance guard in, 230, 308.
advanced positions, 310.
advantages of single position, 310.
artillery in, _See Artillery_, 310, 313,
316, 317.
camp, 354.
cavalry in, 311, 312, 316.
concealment, 309.
considerations influencing decision, 308, 309.
demolition of bridges, 314, 316.
engineers in, 309, 314, 316.
field fortification in, 309, 310, 311,
314.
framework of, 310.
in retreat, 77.
issue of ammunition, 311.
line of retreat, 309, 311, 312, 313.
location with reference to roads, 309.
obstacles, 310, 311.
orders for, 311, 312.
rear guard in, 316, 317.
reconnaissance in, 311.
relation to defensive position, 308.
security to front and flanks, 311, 312, 317.
trains and sanitary troops, 311, 312. 317.
when assumed, 231, 308.
Post offices, seizure, 62.
Precedents for military situations, 7, 23, 232.
Preparation, batteries of, 124.
for war, 5.
of defensive position, _See Defensive position_.
of tactical problems, 31.
Prepare for action, _See Artillery_, 125.
Prerogatives of subordinates, 22, 25, 42,
223.
Principles of art of war, 8, 9, 24.
Prisoners
capture of by patrols, 51.
convoys of, 104.
disposal, 351.
escort for, 104, 351.
PROBLEMS, TACTICAL, 19.
apparatus for solution of, 28.
assumptions in, 22, 23, 223.
decision, 19.
diagrammatic analysis and synthesis, 29.
estimate of situation, 18, 22, 27.
examples of
advance guard of a small force, 64.
attack, by reinforced brigade, 225.
by small infantry force, 219.
battery of artillery in position, 128.
camp of a division, 354.
cavalry combat, small force, 160.
diagrammatic analysis and synthesis, 29.
division supply on the march, 368.
field fortification, No. 1, 267.
field fortification, No. 2, 273.
form of, 20.
imaginary troops, 23, 32.
in field fortification to be solved on terrain, 19, 249, 267.
kinds of, 19.
maps for, 23, 24,
25, 33.
method of solution, 27.
mission in, 18, 21, 27.
preparation of, 31.
reality in, 20, 23, 28,
31, 33.
troop leading, 19.
Protection
against rifle and artillery fire, distance required, 80, 176, 300,
346.
of flanks, _See Attack, Defense, Outposts, etc._
Purchase of supplies, 361.
of line of retreat, _See Line of retreat_.
of supply depot, 373.
Pursuing by fire, 121.
PURSUIT, 300.
advance guard in, 229.
artillery in, 118, 121,
142, 301.
broad front in, 301.
by fire, 121.
cavalry in, 144, 168, 282,
301, 369.
contact during, 177, 301.
decisive attack in, 300, 301.
fresh troops for, 168, 211, 301.
frontal attack in, 229.
gaining flanks of enemy, 301.
machine guns in, 306.
mission in, 300.
motor vehicles in, 301, 387.
night movements in, 205.
parallel, 72, 168, 230, 301.
prompt initiation of, 301.
uncovering line of retreat, 205.
uncovering main body, 229.
Q
Quartermaster of convoy, 96, 97.
R
Radio, _See Wireless and Signal_.
Radius of action, air craft, 381, 382, 383.
patrols, 45, 149, 166,
185, 186.
Radius of observation, air craft, 385.
Raids, air, 384.
cavalry, 144, 148, 169,
175, 373.
Rail head, 320, 363, 370,
372, 388.
RAILROADS
capacity of rolling stock, 378.
compared to motor vehicles, 387.
evacuation of wounded by, 322, 369, 378.
military control of, 363, 364.
motor vehicles on, 389.
movements of troops by, when advisable, 87, 387.
supply by, 356, 363, 367,
372, 378.
Rally, after cavalry charge, 158.
after night attack, 304.
in retreat, 230, 292, 295.
Range-finders, 333, 386.
Range quadrant, 110.
Ranges, _See Artillery, Attack, Defense, etc._
Ranging, _See Artillery_.
Rapid fire, _See Fire_.
Rates of fire, 329.
anti-aircraft artillery, 138.
machine guns, 305.
Rates of march
cavalry and patrols, 54, 89, 90,
165.
convoy, 101.
troops and trains, 89, 90, 101,
165, 195, 337,
371, 376, 377.
Rations
carried by trains, 366, 367.
for patrols, 48.
issue of, 84, 351, 355,
356, 366, 367,
368, 369, 375.
kinds of, 366, 379.
of cavalry, 159.
on person of soldier, 366, 367, 369.
weight and volume, 379.
Ravines and hollows in a defensive position, 252, 256,
258, 273.
Raw troops, 204, 260.
Readiness, position in, _See Position in readiness_.
Reality in tactical problems, 20, 23, 28,
31, 33.
Rear cavalry, _See Cavalry_.
REAR GUARDS, 70.
aggressive tactics by, 75.
artillery with, 71, 77, 128,
138, 290, 291,
292, 316.
cavalry with, 70, 147, 168,
290, 292.
composition, 70, 292.
conduct of, 72.
contact with enemy, 72, 73.
contact with flank guard, 81.
counter attack by, 75.
covering main body, 72, 73.
detail of outpost from, 70, 170.
distances between fractions, 72.
engineers with, 71, 316.
field trains, 71.
flank detachments, 74, 75.
flank positions, 73, 289, 290,
293.
in delaying action, _See Delaying action_.
in forward march, 70, 85.
in position in readiness, 77, 308.
in withdrawal from action, _See Withdrawal_.
latitude allowed commander of, 74, 295.
machine guns with, 71, 74, 306.
of convoy, 72, 100.
of cavalry, 71.
orders, 70, 72, 74,
75, 77.
outpost attached to, 317.
proportions of infantry and cavalry, 70, 71.
reconnaissance, 72.
reinforcement of, 70, 73, 316.
sanitary troops with, 71.
signal troops with, 71.
strength of, 70.
subdivisions of, 71, 72.
supreme commander with, 75, 86, 316.
Receipts for orders, 40.
for supplies, 362.
RECONNAISSANCE, _See Air craft, Cavalry, Outposts, Patrols, etc._
aero
altitudes at which effective, 138, 139,
384, 385.
balloons and kites, 381, 383.
concealment from, 119, 253, 256,
265, 286, 385.
detailed observation impossible, 383, 386.
duties of, 383.
effect of darkness, rain, fog, etc., 149, 383, 386.
in defense of a river line, 284.
maintenance of contact by, 149, 386.
of artillery positions, 110, 119,
131, 384.
of wooded areas, 385.
protection against, 138, 384,
385, 386.
radius of, 381, 382, 383.
supplements that of cavalry, 47, 384.
use of field glasses, 385.
verification by actual contact, 384.
visibility of field works, 265.
by advance guard, 57, 60, 64.
by artillery, 111, 112, 121,
122, 125, 130,
131, 133, 141,
142, 249.
by cavalry, _See Cavalry_.
by escort of convoy, 97, 99, 100,
101, 102, 104,
108.
by flank guard, 79, 81.
by rear guard, 72.
combat, _See Attack, Defense, Patrols, etc._
in force, 63, 206, 213,
229.
in night attack, 302, 303.
in position in readiness, 311.
in rencontre, 295.
in selection of defensive position, 249.
limited, 203.
observing stations, _See Observing stations_.
of defiles, 50, 62, 102,
108, 190.
of houses and villages, 50.
of river line, 281, 283, 284.
of terrain
by air craft, 384, 385, 386.
by artillery commanders, 111, 125,
128, 130.
by outpost commander, 192.
by patrols, 50.
in attack of a river line, 281, 283.
prior to attack, 205, 220, 225.
of woods, 50, 101, 385.
officer, _See Artillery, personnel_.
outpost, 170, 171, 174,
177, 182, 184.
prior to attack, 205, 220, 225,
227, 230.
strategical and tactical, _See Patrols_.
Re-entrants in a defensive line, 251.
Refilling points, 364, 366, 367,
368, 372.
Refusing the flanks of a line, 209, 260, 265.
Regimental aid station, 222, 224,
255, 319.
Regimental sector, defensive position, _See Defensive position_.
outpost, 177.
Registration, _See Artillery_.
Regulation, of march, 60, 88, 89.
of main body on advance guard, 60, 88.
Reinforced brigade
as advance guard, 56.
attack by, 225.
composition of, 337.
defensive power of, 231.
order of march, 65.
use in campaign, 147.
Reinforcements, _See Supporting troops_.
for flank guard, 82.
for rear guard, 70, 73.
hostile, approach of, 167, 206, 207,
224, 227, 234,
288, 291, 292,
311, 348.
Reinforcing the firing line, 208, 211, 237,
238, 257, 327,
328.
Relief, in construction of works of field fortification, 262.
of outpost, time of, 170, 187.
patrols and sentries of outposts, 184, 186.
strategical patrols, 150.
RENCONTRE ENGAGEMENT, 295.
advance guard in, 123.
aggressive action in, 231, 295.
artillery in, 123, 296, 339.
danger of, 297, 300.
initiative in, 295, 296.
machine guns in, 296, 306.
reconnaissance prior to, 295.
turning movements in, 296.
Rendezvous
for patrols, 50.
in night attack, 303, 304.
in retreat, 230, 292, 299.
of cavalry, 174.
Reports to superior commanders, 223, 317.
by cavalry, 146, 149.
Requirements of an artillery position, 118.
of a camp site, 93, 94, 353,
354.
of a defensive position, 230, 232, 248,
257.
Reserves, _See Attack, Defense, etc._
Resources of a State, 5.
Responsibility, division of with subordinates, 42.
military, 24, 25.
Rest, days of, 87, 89, 337, 365.
RETREAT, _See Delaying action, Rear guards, Withdrawal_, 70.
cavalry in, 147, 154, 172.
conduct of, 72.
contact with enemy, 72, 73.
covering main body, 72, 73.
danger of decisive engagement, 299.
flank positions in, 73, 74, 289,
290, 293.
line of, _See Lines of retreat_.
location of firing line, 324.
motor vehicles in, 71, 387.
orders, 70, 72,
75, 77.
over fire swept zone, 215, 289, 324.
position of readiness in, 308.
provisions for in orders, 41, 314.
rendezvous in, 230, 292, 299.
supply during, 376.
tendency to break straight to rear, 73, 74, 155,
290, 292, 299.
trains in, 71.
withdrawal of outpost, 73.
Reverse slopes, defilade of, 135.
Rifle fire, _See Fire_.
Rifle in war, 324.
catechism of, 334.
Right of way for artillery firing batteries, 225, 339, 340.
Rivers as obstacles, 217, 277.
River line, outpost on, 176, 179, 180,
189, 281.
RIVER LINE ATTACK, 277.
artillery in, 277, 278, 281,
282, 286.
bridges, 277, 278, 280,
281, 283.
cavalry in, 279, 281, 282.
conduct of, 281.
concealment in, 279, 280.
counter attack, 281, 282.
deceiving the defender, 279, 280, 281.
demonstrations, 279, 282.
engineers in, 283.
feint, 279, 281, 284.
ferries, 176, 277, 280, 283.
fire superiority in, 277, 278,
279, 280.
frontal attack, 278, 279.
machine guns in, 278, 282.
means of passage, 277.
methods of, 278.
movements under cover of darkness, 281, 286.
night firing, 281.
outpost troops, 281, 282.
point of attack, 279, 280, 281.
position fire, 282.
reconnaissance, 281, 283.
reserves, 279, 280, 281,
282, 283.
separation of forces, 278, 279, 281.
turning movements, 278.
uncovering crossings, 280.
uncovering line of retreat, 278.
River line defense, 284.
aero reconnaissance in, 284.
artillery in, 284, 300.
bridges and fords, 284.
cavalry in, 189, 284.
crossing the stream, 284.
detecting intentions of attacker, 284.
field fortification, 284.
methods of, 284.
reconnaissance, 284.
reserve, 284.
Road junctions, _See Crossroads_.
Road space, of bridge trains, 340.
of tactical units, 16.
Roads
as affecting location of camps, 353.
as affecting strength and location of outposts, 170, 171, 176,
177, 181, 182,
183.
for convoys, 100, 101, 102.
for flank guards, 79, 82.
for wagon and motor transport, 78, 83, 364,
377, 387, 388.
in position in readiness, 309.
Rotation of organizations in advance guard, 85, 337, 338.
Rôle of field fortification, 254, 266.
Rôle of machine guns, 304.
Routes
concealed, for movements of artillery, 140.
between flank guard and main body, 79, 81, 82,
339.
of advance guard, 58.
markers, artillery, _See Artillery personnel_.
of march, flank guard, 79, 82.
for convoy, 100, 101, 102.
of travel, outpost patrols, 184.
to combat positions, 209, 211, 223,
224, 225, 226,
227, 240.
Routine orders, 38, 42, 43,
181, 356.
Rule, general
for covering troops of convoy, 95, 96.
for conduct of an active defense, 238.
for guidance of supply officers, 372, 373.
for strength and location of outpost, 170, 173,
176, 177.
for withdrawal from action, 291.
Rules of art of war, 8, 9, 24.
S
Safe heights for air craft, 138, 139, 384.
Salients in a defensive line, 231, 251, 260.
Salvo fire, _See Artillery, fire_.
Sanitary equipment, _See Ambulance companies and Field hospitals_.
Sanitary requirements of a camp site, 93, 354.
Sanitary stations in combat, 319.
battalion collecting stations, 224, 256,
270, 319.
dressing stations, 222, 224, 225,
228, 235, 263,
312, 319, 320,
349, 350.
regimental aid stations, 222, 224,
255, 319.
slightly wounded stations, 224, 225,
320, 350.
Sanitary troops, _See Ambulance companies and Field hospitals_.
evacuation of wounded, _See Wounded_.
general duties, 318.
in position in readiness, 311, 312, 317.
in retreat, 71, 350.
on outpost, 173.
police of battlefield, 321, 351.
with advance, rear, and flank guards, etc., _See these subjects_.
Savage and guerrilla warfare, 8.
Scientific progress, effect on warfare, 24.
Scouts, aeroplane, 382.
artillery, _See Artillery personnel_.
ground, 155, 156, 160,
167, 213.
Screen, aero, 138, 384, 385.
cavalry, 144, 146, 148,
149, 164, 165,
174.
Screening patrols, _See Patrols_.
Sea as a frontier, 6.
Searching fire on ground occupied by hostile
reserves, 115, 116, 120,
122, 228, 237,
265.
Sectors, of defensive line, 232, 254.
of observation, outpost supports, 182.
regimental, of outpost, 177.
Security
of flanks in combat, _See Attack, Defense, Patrols, etc._, 212.
of flanks of outpost, 176, 178.
of line of retreat, _See Line of retreat_.
service of, _See Advance, Rear, and Flank guards, Cavalry,
Outposts, etc._ to front, during organization of a
defensive position, 213, 234, 259.
in position in readiness, 311.
prior to combat, 213.
Selection of camp site, sanitary considerations, 93, 94, 354.
tactical considerations, 176, 353.
Selection of defensive position, 230.
of flank for envelopment, 207.
of outpost line, 353.
of route for convoy, 100.
Sentry squads and cossack posts, _See Outposts_.
Separation of feint and main attack of a river line, 280.
of main and holding attacks, 209, 344,
345, 346.
of subordinates from their commands, 161, 220.
of trains and troops, 84.
Service of information, _See Cavalry, Patrols,
Reconnaissance, etc._
of the interior, 361, 363.
of the line of communications, 363.
Shell, high explosive, 109, 263.
demolition by, 109, 114, 126,
133, 135, 138,
141.
tracer, 139, 386.
Shelter for wounded, 320.
Shrapnel, 109, 133.
area of burst, 115, 327.
fire, against artillery, 126, 141.
moral effect, 120.
of anti-aircraft artillery, 138.
of heavy field artillery, 135.
protection from, 135, 216, 263.
vulnerability of various formations, 327.
height of burst, 113, 116.
ranging by, 115, 127, 141.
smoke producing matrix, 115.
Sight defilade, 113.
Sight, panoramic, 109.
Sights, battle, 115, 331.
combined, 331.
Signal commander, discretionary powers of, 341.
Signal equipment, _See Wireless_.
of air craft, 382, 383, 384.
of artillery, 109, 131.
of cavalry, 145, 150, 340.
Signal troops
in combat, 224, 228, 346.
on march in division, 340.
on outpost, 173, 180, 184.
with advance guard, 56, 337, 340.
with cavalry, 145, 150, 340.
with flank guard, 78, 340.
with rear guard, 71.
Signals
for advance to attack, 346.
of air craft, 384.
of outpost, 187.
of patrols, 49.
Signatures to orders, 40.
Simplicity in tactical procedure, 27, 32, 63,
74, 204, 303,
332, 334.
Single range, fire at, _See Artillery_.
Site, angle of, 116.
Situation
change in, 59.
estimate of, 18, 21, 22,
27, 44, 64,
65, 191, 192,
220, 225, 226,
297, 308.
general, 20, 32, 273.
precedents for, 7, 23.
special, 20, 273.
Size of armies as affecting problem of supply, 362, 388.
of motor vehicles for military use, 388, 389.
Sketches and tables, outpost, 193.
Skilled operators for machine guns and air craft, 305, 382, 383.
Skirmishers, line of, vulnerability, 325, 327. cavalry, 150, 151.
Sky line, 324.
Slashings, 217.
Slightly wounded, 319, 320.
Slightly wounded station, 224, 225,
320, 350.
Slopes, effect on vulnerability, 326, 327.
Slope of fall, field artillery, 132.
Slopes, reverse, defilade, 135, 324, 325.
Small forces
in attack of convoy, 96.
in combat, 224, 225, 231,
232, 248.
in defensive position, 248.
in night attack, 205, 302.
marches by, 89.
outposts of, 174, 178.
security of flanks of, 178, 232, 248.
terrain exercises of, 19, 23, 24.
turning movements by, 205, 278, 345.
Smoke bombs, 384.
Soil, character of as affecting time for excavation, 261.
Soup kitchens, motor vehicles for, 388.
Sources of supply, 361.
Sources of information, 21.
Spare parts for aeroplanes and motor vehicles, 382, 390.
Special situation, 20, 273.
Special troops on outpost, 180.
Speed
of air craft, 381, 382.
of motor vehicles, 101, 377, 388.
of troops on the march, 89, 90,
165, 337.
of wagon trains, 90, 101, 371,
376, 377.
Spies, 21, 59, 150,
185.
Splinter-proof, 258.
Splitting
artillery units, 123, 133, 140,
228, 345, 349.
organizations in combat, 205, 217.
on outpost, 175.
to form advance guard, 57, 337.
Squad columns, 325, 326, 327.
Staff duty, air craft and motor vehicles in, 384, 388.
Staffs of various units, 11.
Stampede of cavalry horses, 152, 154.
Standing patrols, _See Patrols_.
Starting a march, _See Advance guards and Marches_.
Stations, observing, _See Observing stations_.
sanitary, _See Sanitary_.
Step by step defensive, 77, 168, 235,
292, 299, 308.
Stock cars, 378.
Streams, _See Rivers_.
Strength of column, how estimated, 52.
of organizations in U. S. Army, 10, 16.
of various bodies, _See reference in question_.
Style of orders, 37.
of messages, 54.
Subdivisions, battery of artillery, 109.
for action, time of, 123.
Subordinate commanders, assembly of, 220, 293.
trespass on province of, 22, 25, 42,
223.
“Successive bounds,” 50, 63.
Successive positions in withdrawal or
delaying action, 77, 168, 235,
292, 299, 308.
Successive ranges, fire at, _See Artillery_.
Successive thin lines, 326, 327, 328.
Sunrise and sunset, times of, 88.
Supplies
amount obtainable from a community, 377.
issue of, 356, 366, 368,
370, 375, 376.
issue points, 356, 375.
motor transport for 364, 372, 388.
obtained in theater of operations, 361, 362, 367,
372, 375, 377.
pack transportation, 364.
payments and receipts, 362.
purchase and requisition, 361, 362, 369.
rail and water transport for, 363, 364, 372.
refilling points, 364, 366, 367,
368, 372.
reserves of, 363, 377.
Supply
data, 378.
depots, _See Advance supply depots_.
division, 360.
during retreat, 376.
effect on division tactics, 359.
ideal conditions of, 372.
problems in, with solutions, 368, 370.
problem of, as affected by size of armies, 362, 388.
sources of, 361.
trains, _See Trains_.
unit, 360, 364.
Supporting points, _See Defensive position_.
Supporting positions in withdrawal, 289.
Supporting troops, 20, 62, 99,
103, 108, 148,
149, 206, 207,
212, 220, 229,
250, 290, 348,
353.
Support, mutual, in defense, _See Defensive Position_.
Support trenches, _See Fortification_.
Supports, _See Attack, Defense, Outposts, etc._
for artillery, 121, 122, 127,
129, 133, 140,
181, 224, 226,
291, 304, 307,
314.
for machine guns, 157, 161,
222, 306.
for wire entanglements, 265.
Supreme commander
artillery officer with, 113, 126, 128,
130, 142, 225.
controls operations of independent cavalry, 146, 147, 338.
designates front covered by advance cavalry, 174.
estimate of situation by, 44, 225.
general functions of, 362.
in combat, 225, 228.
influences course of action by use of reserves, 211, 346.
in withdrawal from action, 295.
observing stations for, 131, 225,
226, 228.
on the march, 85, 86, 337.
orders disposition of packs, 223.
orders issue of ammunition, 223, 300, 311.
provides for flank protection, 213, 227, 232,
233, 235, 246.
reports to, _See Examples of orders_, 317.
with advance guard, 62, 85, 86,
225, 230, 297,
337.
with rear guard, 75, 86, 316.
Surprise
advance guard protects main body from, 296.
by artillery fire, 62, 80, 97,
101, 103, 127.
by machine gun fire, 253, 305.
in attack, 209.
in counter attack, 236.
in operations of cavalry, 153, 154, 155,
156, 157, 159,
160.
in rencontre, 295.
Surrender of initiative, 27, 151,
161, 257.
Swamps and morasses as obstacles, 176, 216, 232.
Sweeping fire, _See Artillery_.
Switching and overlapping fire, 331.
T
TABLES
distribution of troops on outpost, 193.
equipment of patrol leader, 48.
estimate of situation, considerations in, 18.
marching rates of troops and trains, 90.
organization, U. S. Army, 10.
ranges, weights, etc., of field artillery materiel, 132.
time, tools, and personnel required for works of
field fortification, 261.
times of sunrise and sunset at Gettysburg, Pa., 88.
troops passing a point in one minute, 52.
war strength, road spaces, and camp areas of tactical units, 16.
weights of rations and forage and capacity of containers, 379.
Tactical considerations in selection of camp site, 176, 353.
Tactical problems, _See Problems_.
Tactical rides and walks, 20.
Tactical units
integrity of in combat, 205, 217.
in forming advance guard, 57, 337.
in forming outpost, 175.
organization of in U. S. Army, 10.
Tactics, _See Artillery, Cavalry, etc._
as influenced by motor transport, 387.
as influenced by supply, 365, 373.
division, 337.
of air craft, 381.
Targets
designation, 330.
identification of, 330.
platoon sectors, 331, 332.
Task, intrenching, size of, 261.
Telegraph and telephone, _See Wireless_.
advance guard seizes, 62.
equipment of artillery, 109, 135.
of balloons, 383.
of signal troops, 15.
in defensive position, 255.
military control of local lines, 62, 63.
reports by, 223, 317.
service on line of communications, 363.
timing the advance in combat, 346.
use for messages of patrols, 55, 150.
use on the march, 340.
Tendency of troops to rapid fire, 300, 329.
to break straight to rear in retreat, 73, 74, 155,
290, 292, 299.
TERRAIN
as affecting advance guard tactics, 60, 62, 64.
as affecting dispositions of outpost, 170, 171, 176,
178, 179, 180,
182, 183, 186,
188, 192.
as affecting operations of cavalry, 151, 154, 155,
159, 230.
detailed knowledge from aero reconnaissance, 384, 385, 386.
examination of by artillery commander, 111, 125,
128, 130.
by outpost commander, 192.
from enemy’s point of view, 249.
prior to issue of attack orders, 205, 220, 225.
exercises, 19, 31.
limited to smaller units, 19, 23, 24.
favorable for counter attack, 237, 238.
features affecting march, 62, 64, 90,
100, 101.
fortifications to be located on, 249, 267.
in estimate of situation, 18, 23.
utilization of natural features
as cover in attack, 209, 210, 212,
216, 217, 250,
260, 269, 280.
as cover in defense, 256, 257, 309.
as obstacles, 207, 216, 217, 256, 259,
273, 277, 310.
in field fortification, 250, 252, 254,
256, 257, 258,
259, 260, 266.
Theater of operations, 361.
Thin lines, _See Successive thin lines_.
Tiers of fire, 256, 257, 325.
TIME
and distance in tactical problems, 22, 29, 79,
309.
fire, _See Artillery_.
for night attacks, 304.
for relief of outpost, 170, 187.
for starting a march, 86, 88, 337,
338, 341.
of issue of ammunition, 214, 220, 223,
332, 366, 375.
of issue of orders, 42, 59, 64,
93, 191, 304,
355, 356.
of issue of supplies, 356, 368,
370, 375.
of sunrise and sunset, 88.
required for construction of field fortification, 256, 261.
required for deployment, 344.
required for issue of ammunition, 214.
required for preparation and circulation of orders, 43.
required to mount and dismount, 152.
standard, to be used in orders, 41, 189.
that small forces can delay larger, 231.
that troops can subsist without trains, 84, 367.
Timing the advance, 345, 346.
Tools, park and portable for fortification, 215, 217, 255,
261, 268, 270,
271, 272, 273,
276, 361.
Training for war, 6.
TRAINS, _See Convoys, Issues, Supply, etc._
access to by troops, 57, 84, 144,
145, 159, 169,
181, 183, 365.
administrative, 365.
ammunition
composition and capacity, 366.
in combat, 84, 119, 124, 132,
214, 234, 349,
369.
in withdrawal, 291.
mountain artillery, 137.
on the march, 369, 370, 376.
armed men with, 78, 84, 97,
317, 341.
assembly for march, 341.
auto truck, 80, 83, 95,
96, 101, 364,
365, 388.
auxiliary, 365.
bakery, 361, 372.
bridge, _See Bridge trains, etc._
classification of, 365.
combat
assembly of empty wagons, 214, 222, 225,
228, 234, 241,
255.
empties used to transport wounded, 234, 241, 255,
321, 350.
ammunition carried by, 214.
artillery, _See Artillery_.
cavalry, 145, 159, 361.
flank guard, 78.
mountain artillery, 137.
replenishment, 291, 351, 375.
separation from troops, 83, 214, 366.
commander of, 350, 375, 376.
division, authorized number of wagons, 360, 361.
division, on the march, 341.
division into sections, 355, 376.
engineer, 349, 355, 360, 361, 376.
escort for, 62, 78, 84, 86, 293, 317, 341, 376.
field, 71, 365, 366, 370.
animal transport for, 390.
arrangement on the march, 83, 84, 341, 365.
artillery, 109, 110, 123, 129.
baggage section, 355, 365, 366, 373, 375.
in action, 220, 225, 228, 376.
in position in readiness, 311.
in retreat, 71.
join organizations at end of march, 84, 375.
of advance cavalry, 181.
of advance guard, 57, 58.
of escort of convoy, 96.
of flank guard, 78.
of outpost, 58, 181, 182, 188.
on march in division, 365, 376.
ration section, 355, 365, 366, 373, 375.
replenishment of, 366, 368, 369, 370, 372.
flank guard, 78, 79.
general supply, 365, 367.
good roads for movements of, 78, 83, 364, 387, 388.
halts, 377.
in action, 84, 225, 228, 349, 396.
in camp, 354, 373, 375.
in change of direction, 92.
in double column, 78, 91, 95.
in flank march, 78, 79, 83, 84, 92, 95, 376.
in night attack, 303.
in position in readiness, 310, 311, 317.
in retreat, 71, 376.
in withdrawal from action, 289, 291.
infantry in long columns of, 83, 99, 339.
location in camp, 355.
mounted troops with, 84, 168, 341.
on the march, 78, 79, 83, 376.
pack, 137, 145, 159, 214, 338, 355, 364, 366, 375, 376.
passage of defiles, 84, 376.
personnel of, 15, 368.
position of indicates direction of retreat, 83, 95.
rate of march, 90, 101, 371, 376, 377.
regimental, 365, 367.
release of in combat, 349, 350, 376.
sanitary, _See_ _Sanitary_.
size of in campaign, 360, 365.
supply
commander, 375, 376.
composition and capacity, 366.
of mountain artillery, 137
on march, 368, 376.
radius of operations, 370.
refill and rejoin, 372.
time of starting march, 86.
with cavalry, 144, 145, 159,
169, 188, 338,
375.
Transportation
by motor vehicle, 387.
by rail, 363, 364,
372, 373.
by water, 363, 364,
372, 373.
data, 378.
of animals, 378.
of wounded, _See_ _Wounded_.
organization of, 15, 16.
Traverses, 253, 255, 263.
Tread of artillery carriages, 109.
Trees, removal from front of defensive position, 258, 261, 269,
270, 271, 272,
273, 275.
Trenches, _See_ _Fortification_.
Trespass on the province of a subordinate, 22, 25, 42,
223.
Troop leading problems, 19.
Turning movements, 345.
against small forces, 232, 248.
by advance guard, 63.
by cavalry, 153, 168, 205.
by small forces, 205, 278, 345.
in attack of a river line, 205, 278.
in rencontre, 63, 296.
inducing enemy to make, 298, 310.
Types of aeroplanes, 382.
U
Universal military service, 5.
Unloading details, 378.
Untrained troops, in offensive operations, 204.
Usurping prerogatives of subordinates, 22, 25, 42,
223.
U. S. Army, organization of, 10.
U. S. Geological Survey, maps of, 34, 249.
V
Vegetation, allowance for in determining visibility, 140.
Vehicles, _See_ _Trains_.
allowance of to a regiment, 365.
capacity of, 366, 379.
motor, _See_ _Motor vehicles_.
vulnerability to fire, 95, 96, 101, 103.
with cavalry force, 145, 159, 169.
with infantry division, 360.
Verbal orders, 38, 39, 43,
220.
Verbiage of orders and messages, 37, 40, 54.
Verification of reconnaissance by direct contact, 384.
Vertical cover for flash defilade, 113, 133, 140.
Villages, reconnaissance of, 50.
Visibility of target, effect of on dispersion of fire, 330.
of works of field fortification to aero reconnaissance, 265, 266.
Visibility problems, 24, 140.
Volley fire, _See_ _Artillery_.
Volplaning, 383.
Vulnerability
effect of slopes on, 326.
of air craft, 134, 138, 139,
383, 384, 385,
386.
of cavalry to attack in flank, 156.
of convoy, 95, 96, 101,
103.
of infantry to cavalry attack, 153.
of led horses of cavalry, 151, 154, 241.
relative, of airships and aeroplanes, 139, 385.
to rifle fire, of various formations, 325.
to shrapnel fire of various formations, 327.
effect on of enfilade fire, 326.
effect of slopes, 326, 327.
W
Wagons, _See_ _Vehicles_, _Trains_, _etc._
War
as an art and science, 5, 9, 24.
game, 20.
modern theory of, 5.
preparation for, 5.
strength of units, U. S. Army, 10, 16.
training for, 6, 7, 8.
Warfare, detachment, 147.
savage and guerilla, 8.
Waste of ammunition, 135, 215, 300,
329, 333.
Watchwords in night attacks, 303.
Water supply, _See_ _Camps_.
Water transport, 363, 364,
372, 373.
Watering animals, 48, 50,
101, 378.
Weapons employed by cavalry, 151, 166, 168.
Weather
effect on aero reconnaissance, 149, 383, 386.
effect on marching rates, 90.
in estimate of tactical situation, 18.
Weight behind teams, field artillery, 109, 132.
Weights of rations and forage, etc., 379.
of field artillery projectiles, 132.
Wire entanglements. _See_ _Obstacles_.
Wire sections, signal, 340.
Wireless, communication by, 150.
Wireless equipment, _See_ _Signal_.
dependability, 150.
of air craft, 382, 383, 384.
of cavalry, 145, 150, 340.
range of operations, 150.
WITHDRAWAL FROM ACTION, 288.
ambulance companies and wounded, 289.
artillery in, 289, 290,
291, 292.
cavalry in, 289, 290,
292, 293.
distance of supporting position from firing line, 290.
duties of commander, 295.
flank positions in, 289, 290, 293.
general rule for, 291.
infantry, 70, 73, 298.
long range fire in, 290.
multiple lines of retreat, 292.
occasions for, 288.
of outpost, 73, 77, 308.
of part of force, 288.
order of, 291.
panic of troops, 289, 291.
rear guard, 292.
rendezvous, 292.
reserves, 289, 290,
292, 347.
successive positions in, 77, 292.
time to commence, 298.
trains, 289.
under cover of darkness, 205, 289.
Withdrawal of cavalry behind outpost line, 148, 174, 179,
181, 188, 189,
190, 192.
Wooded areas, reconnaissance of, 50, 101, 385.
WOUNDED
abandonment of, 318, 351.
ammunition on persons of, 321.
as prisoners of war, 318.
civilian assistance in care of, 318, 322.
collection of, 318, 319.
evacuation of, 214, 222, 224,
234, 241, 255,
289, 318, 321,
350, 341, 369,
378, 389.
identification of, 321.
motor transport for, 389.
rail transport for, 322, 369, 378.
shelter for, 320.
X
x, y, z, paragraphs in orders, 39.
Z
Zone
beaten, of machine gun fire, 305.
beaten, of shrapnel fire, 115, 327.
fire swept, 120, 205, 211,
215, 289, 324,
327, 329.
maneuvering, for artillery, 338.
for main body, 296.
of the advance, 362, 364.
of line of communications, 363, 364.
THE TECHNIQUE OF MODERN TACTICS
FOLLOWING ARE SOME REVIEWS OF SERVICE JOURNALS
AND A FEW CHARACTERISTIC COMMENTS CLIPPED
FROM LETTERS OF OFFICERS WHO HAVE
READ THE BOOK
BY MAJOR GENERAL, J. FRANKLIN BELL, U. S. ARMY
“The book is excellent. It consists of an unusually complete and sound
digest of tactical principles, outlines of points to be considered
in formulating tactical decisions, manner of drafting and models of
field orders and instructions, methods of procedure to be followed in
carrying out tactical decisions, power and limitations of all mobile
units, etc. All statements and deductions appear to be based upon the
best accepted tactical ideas of the present day.
“While in its opening chapter the text introduces an officer to the
proper method of pursuing the applicatory system of study, it is in
fact a clearly concise presentation of all the essential points of
tactics and logistics, assembled and arranged for a rapid review. It
should, therefore, save an officer, concerned with some particular
tactical problems, hours of poring over 'regulations’ and lengthy
textbooks.
“The English of the book is clear and to the point. The chapter on
'Field Orders’ is very well written, and the chapter on 'Artillery
Tactics’ is particularly good.”
BY BRIG. GEN. A. L. MILLS, U. S. ARMY
“While this volume contains much that is original in its subject
matter, it seems to be especially characterized by the large field
covered by its contents as well as by the simplicity with which
the whole subject is presented. It is believed that no other book
is available in which so many valuable military facts, principles,
and suggestions are included within one volume as is the case in
this publication. And it is not only the amount of material that is
contained in the volume, but also the manner in which it is presented
which enables the work to offer the student such valuable study. The
book will also be useful to the soldier in the field as a book of
reference. Especially valuable is the 'estimate of the situation'
appearing on page 18. It is easily conceivable that the possession of
this one page at the proper time might have a most material effect upon
an important action.
“The authors are to be congratulated on having given this work to the
American Army and it is believed that the more widely it becomes known,
the greater will it be in demand.”
REVIEW OF THE JOURNAL OF THE U. S. INFANTRY ASSOCIATION
“The authors present an excellent epitome of the tactics taught today
in The Army Service Schools at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The principles
and considerations which should govern in the marching, fighting and
securing of all bodies of troops, from a patrol to a division, are
concisely stated, yet in greater detail than can be found in any other
single volume of our language. For each form of map or maneuver problem
the reader is furnished minute instructions to guide him in determining
the best solution, followed by examples of solutions and orders that
have been used in like problems at the Service Schools, and all is made
clear by sketches and diagrams. The striking characteristic of the text
is the quantity of precise information as to what experience teaches
should or should not be done to obtain the greatest probability of
success, and the total lack of vague discussion, followed by tentative
or uncertain conclusions, so familiar in many other modern writings.
“Formations and orders for patrols, advance, rear and flank guards,
outposts, marches, changes of direction, convoys, the various types
of combat, and the leading of the troops concerned, are discussed
and illustrated. Other chapters deal with the tactics of light and
heavy field and mountain artillery, cavalry, sanitary troops, the
organization and fortification of a defensive position, the use of
the rifle in war, the supply of our infantry division, orders in
general, and the preparation and solution of tactical problems, and
are of peculiar value to the general reader because their contents can
otherwise be obtained only by search through a number of technical
volumes.
“This book will be absolutely beyond price to anyone entering the
Service Schools and those concerned in the preparation or solution of
problems in the Garrison Schools. It will also be of great value to all
officers for careful study at first reading, and then, because of the
wide range of subjects to be found between its covers, as an extremely
handy book of reference.”
REVIEW OF THE JOURNAL OF THE U. S. CAVALRY ASSOCIATION
“The purpose of this work, as stated in the readable and interesting
introduction, is to furnish a guide to those engaged in the study of
practical problems in tactics, and a convenient ready reference for
officers charged with the preparation and conduct of field maneuvers,
tactical rides, war games, etc.
“The solution of tactical problems is treated in a masterly manner in
Chapter I; the style is clear and attractive and reveals a deep insight
into the foundations of human character. The simplification of the
difficulties of tactical problems by diagrammatic analysis is deserving
of special notice, and the suggestions for the preparation of problems
will be appreciated by all those called upon to submit general and
special situations -- often on short notice.
“The acquisition of a crisp, epigrammatic style of expression by
assiduous practice, after consulting good forms of field orders, as
recommended by the authors, is the best way to avoid mere imitation
of 'telegram' style on one hand, and the verbosity of the tyro on the
other. The recommendation to stick to the usual form in writing orders
is approved. The discussion of field orders by the authors lends new
interest to an important subject.
“The chapter on patrolling is so full and good that it is difficult to
find anything to add.
“The whole subject of advance guards, and the kindred subjects, rear
and flank guards, are fully considered, and illustrated by examples of
field orders.
“The condensed information with reference to artillery material,
organization, powers and tactics, will be of great value to officers of
other arms.
“The treatment of the subject 'Cavalry Tactics,' is in line with modern
thought.
'The subjects of 'Outpost,' 'Combat,' and 'Organization of a Defensive
Position,' are comprehensively treated and richly illustrated by
diagrams, maps and examples of orders.
“The chapter on 'The Rifle in War' will be found to be one of the most
interesting in the book. The 'Chapter on Division Tactics and Supply'
contains a mass of valuable data of a practical nature.
“The book as a whole forms a compendium of reliable military
information which will prove to be a great convenience to the student.
“The authors are to be congratulated on clearness of style and felicity
of expression throughout the work.”
REVIEW OF THE PROFESSIONAL MEMOIRS CORPS OF ENGINEERS
“One of the most significant signs of the progress of these Schools
(Leavenworth) is the appearance in the field of military literature
of a number of works by their graduates, works which have compelled
attention and which have reflected well deserved credit and honor both
on the authors and the schools.
“In the 348 pages of text and 15 figures, including maps, the authors
have provided what might be termed a concentrated extract of the
teachings of the recognized authorities in the art of war and tactics,
as interpreted and taught at The Army Service Schools.
“For those who are seeking to improve themselves by self study or to
prepare for the Service Schools or Army War College, the work will be
invaluable and will save much reading of Griepenkerl, Von Alten, Balck,
Kiesling and the host of other writers on tactics.”
REVIEW OF THE JOURNAL OF THE U. S. ARTILLERY
“This book will be very useful to the coast artillery officer, for
it contains much valuable information that has a direct bearing upon
the preparation of plans and orders for the land defense of coast
fortifications. It will also be of use to him in a larger sense. About
97 per cent of the actions in which our coast companies have taken part
have been field actions as distinguished from coast defense actions.
The importance to coast artillerymen, therefore, of studies in tactics
should be emphasized from time to time, lest they forget.
“THE TECHNIQUE OF MODERN TACTICS has the merit of being a readable book
devoted to a serious and important subject. But it was not made for
mere skimming. It will repay careful study on the part of all officers
of all grades and of every age in the various arms of the service.”
FROM A GENERAL OFFICER
“It contains in a single volume (handy, well arranged, and very
comprehensive) information which would require much time to find
elsewhere, and time required to find things deters most people from
hunting them. The arrangement of the matter is excellent; the style
plain, concise, and attractive. It is long since I have read a finer
piece of writing than the introduction to the work. Any officer who
masters this book will be a valuable officer when war comes.”
FROM A GENERAL OFFICER OF THE GENERAL STAFF
“The book shows most careful study and clear presentment. It is a work
of great value to the service-one which ought to be particularly useful
to instructors in our service schools as well as to all students, and
an important addition to their military libraries.”
A WELL-KNOWN OFFICER OF THE NATIONAL GUARD
“The concise, plain and yet thorough manner of treating the subjects in
the text is very gratifying. It comes nearer covering the entire field
of minor tactics than anything else I ever saw. The book is one which
should be in the hands of every National Guard officer who desires to
prepare himself properly to meet the responsibilities entailed by his
commission. The authors are to be congratulated on having accomplished
so much in so compact a volume.”
FROM A WELL-KNOWN CAVALRY OFFICER, AT ONE TIME INSTRUCTOR AT THE
LEAVENWORTH SCHOOLS
“From what I have seen I feel certain that it will give me a whole lot
of help in conducting the Garrison School work. I find formulating map
maneuvers, map problems, and the like, no mean task. Assistance in this
line of work will be like a rope to a drowning man.”
FROM A WELL-KNOWN INFANTRY OFFICER
“The book is the one road I know that leads straight to the goal of
good sense in tactics. It should be read and studied and reread by
every officer until every word is burned into his everyday life in the
service. Every officer who goes to Leavenworth should carry it.”
ANOTHER INFANTRYMAN
“It is in my opinion the best work of its kind ever published. Every
field officer should absorb it from cover to cover.”
A RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY, FORMERLY INSTRUCTOR AT THE ARMY SERVICE SCHOOLS
“The book merits the immediate recognition of all students of the
Military Art, as a distinct advance on any existing work on applied
tactics. It contains, briefly and concisely stated, the essentials for
correct solutions of the important problems included in the course
in Military Art at the Service Schools at Fort Leavenworth, but more
important still to the service at large, it has brought together a
large amount of information from a number of different sources, which
will be of immense value to every officer in the field, whether in
maneuvers or in active campaign. If only one book besides the Field
Service Regulations could be carried into the field, this should be
chosen.
“THE TECHNIQUE OF MODERN TACTICS is the culmination of the advance made
in the study of applied tactics in our army during the last ten years.”
FROM A PROMINENT INSTRUCTOR OF THE ARMY SERVICE SCHOOLS
“Of all the books that have appeared in late years dealing with the
subject of modern tactics, this one seems to occupy a niche of its
own. There have been any number of excellent works on the methods of
handling modern armies; so many in fact that the student who tries
without a guide to make a study of the subject soon finds himself at
a loss as to the best way to proceed. In this work the authors have
succeeded in finding a clue to lead the student out of the labyrinth
of books and methods. The name is well chosen. Besides its use in
the progressive study of tactics, the book will find a wide field as
a reference work when it is desired to refresh the memory upon some
particular phase of the subject. For this purpose, it furnishes in
concise form, the methods of procedure and the approved handling of
troops and matériel as given by those on whom we look as authorities.”
A PROMINENT CAVALRY OFFICER, FORMERLY INSTRUCTOR AT THE LEAVENWORTH
SCHOOLS
“I have read over the chapter on the attack and think it very good. The
book justifies its existence by being more definite and intelligible
and more readily applied than the Infantry Drill Regulations and
Balck’s Tactics. At the same time it appears to be sound and to avoid
ruts, such as the excessive use of models and normal formations.”
FROM A PROMINENT INFANTRY OFFICER, FORMERLY AN INSTRUCTOR AT THE
SERVICE SCHOOLS
“The book contains a most exact statement of the principles taught at
the Army School of the Line. It will be of the utmost value to those
entering the school, and to the service at large.”
A GENERAL STAFF OFFICER
“The book is the best American military work we have ever had and is
the best exponent of the Leavenworth idea and spirit that is available
to our officers.”
AN INFANTRY CAPTAIN
“The advantage of having a copy of the Technique will become apparent,
because it contains the principles which constitute the frame work of
all tactical exercises and tactical study. It will save many a busy
man hours of unnecessary work in looking up methods of procedure under
given tactical conditions.”
A CAVALRY MAJOR
“If the Line Class man can see as many pointers in it as I can he will
receive much aid. I am astonished at the amount of precise information
the book contains. It enables me to refresh my memory quickly and the
more readily reach my conclusions.”
Price $2.65 Postpaid
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