Code.)
(_e_) By preconcerted signals with Coston lights, rockets, bombs, Very
pistols, small arms, guns, etc.
(_f_) By flag signals by permanent hoists. (International Code.)
=22.= The following conventional signals, with exceptions noted, will
be used in the first four classes.
_Exceptions._
Ardois and semaphore.
End of word. Interval.
End of sentence. Double interval.
End of message. Triple interval.
Signal separating preamble
from address; address
from text;
text from signature. -- . . . -- Double interval,
signature preceded
also by "Sig" interval.
Acknowledgement. R.
Error. . . . . . . . . A.
Negative. K.
Preparatory. L.
Annulling. N.
Affirmative. P.
Interrogatory. . . -- -- . . O.
Repeat after word. Interrogatory. A (word).
Repeat last message. Interrogatory three times.
Send faster. QRQ
Send slower. QRS
Cease sending. QRT
Wait a moment. . -- . . . None.
Execute. IX, IX
Move to your right. MR
Move to your left. ML
Move up. MU
Move down. MD
Finished (end of work). . . . -- . -- None.
=Visual Signaling: By Flag (Wig-Wag), Torch, Hand Lantern, or Beam or
Searchlight (Without Shutter).=
GENERAL SERVICE CODE.
=23.= For the flag used with the General Service Code there are three
motions and one position. The position is with the flag held
vertically, the signalman facing directly toward the station with
which it is desired to communicate. The first motion (the dot) is to
the right of the sender, and will embrace an arc of 90°, starting with
the vertical and returning to it, and will be made in a plane at
right-angles to the line connecting the two stations. The second
motion (the dash) is a similar motion to the left of the sender. The
third motion (front) is downward directly in front of the sender and
instantly returned upward to the first position. Front is used to
indicate an interval.
=24.= The beam of the searchlight, though ordinarily used with the
shutter like the heliograph, may be used for long-distance signaling,
when no shutter is suitable or available, in a similar manner to the
flag or torch, the first position being a vertical one. A movement of
the beam 90° to the right of the sender indicates a dot, a similar
movement to the left indicates a dash; the beam is lowered vertically
for front.
=25.= To use the torch or hand lantern, a footlight must be employed
as a point of reference to the motion. The lantern is most
conveniently swung out upward to the right of the footlight for a dot,
to the left for a dash, and raised vertically for front.
NOTE.--To call a station, make the call letter until acknowledged, at
intervals giving the call or signal of the calling station. If the
call letter of a station is unknown, wave flag until acknowledged. In
using the searchlight without shutter throw the beam in a vertical
position and move it through an arc of 180° in a plane at right angles
to the line connecting the two stations until acknowledged. To
acknowledge a call, signal "Acknowledgment" followed by the call
letter of the acknowledging station.
=Signaling with Heliograph, Flash lantern, and Searchlight (With
Shutter.)=
GENERAL SERVICE CODE.
=26.= The first position is to turn a steady flash on the receiving
station. The signals are made by short and long flashes. Use a short
flash for dot and a long steady flash for dash. The elements of a
letter should be slightly longer than in sound signals.
=27.= To call a station, make its call letter until acknowledged.
=28.= If the call letter of a station be unknown, signal A until
acknowledged. Each station will then turn on a steady flash and
adjust. When adjustment is satisfactory to the called station, it will
cut off its flash and the calling station will proceed with its
message.
=29.= If the receiver sees that the sender's mirror or light needs
adjustment, he will turn on a steady flash until answered by a steady
flash. When the adjustment is satisfactory the receiver will cut off
his flash and the sender will resume his message.
=30.= To break the sending station for other purposes, turn on a
steady flash.
SOUND SIGNALS.
=56.= Sound signals made by the whistle, foghorn, bugle, trumpet, and
drum may well be used in a fog, mist, falling snow, or at night. They
may be used with the dot and dash code.
In applying the General Service Code to whistle, foghorn, bugle, or
trumpet, one short blast indicates a dot and one long blast a dash.
With the drum, one tap indicates a dot and two taps in rapid
succession a dash. Although these signals can be used with a dot and
dash code, they should be so used in connection with a preconcerted or
conventional code.
=Signaling by Two-Arm Semaphore.=
HAND FLAGS.
=43.= Signaling by the two-arm semaphore is the most rapid method of
sending spelled-out messages. It is, however, very liable to error if
the motions are slurred over or run together in an attempt to make
speed. Both arms should move rapidly and simultaneously, but there
should be a perceptible pause at the end of each letter before making
the movements for the next letter. Rapidity is secondary to accuracy.
For alphabet see pages following.
[Illustration: Hand-signal.]
[Illustration: Hand-signal.]
NOTE.--In making the interval the flags are crossed downward in front
of the body (just above the knees); the double interval is the
"chop-chop" signal made twice; the triple interval is "chop-chop"
signal made three times. In calling a station face it squarely and
make its call. If there is no immediate reply wave the flags over the
head to attract attention, making the call at frequent intervals. When
the sender makes "end of message" the receiver, if message is
understood, extends the flags horizontally and waves them until the
sender does the same, when both leave their stations. Care must be
taken with hand flags to hold the staffs so as to form a prolongation
of the arms.
LETTER CODES.
INFANTRY.
=47.= For use with General Service Code or semaphore hand flags.
-----------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------
Letter of | If signaled from the | If signaled from the
alphabet. | rear to the firing | firing line to the rear.
| line. |
-----------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------
AM | Ammunition going forward. | Ammunition required.
CCC | Charge (mandatory at all | Am about to charge if no
| times). | instructions to the contrary.
CF | Cease firing. | Cease firing.
DT | Double time or "rush." | Double time or "rush."
F | Commence firing |
FB | Fix bayonets. |
FL | Artillery fire is causing |
| us losses. |
G | Move forward. | Preparing to move forward.
HHH | Halt. |
K | Negative. | Negative.
LT | Left. | Left.
O | What is the (R. N., etc.)?| What is the (R. N., etc.)?
(Ardois and | |
semaphore only.) | Interrogatory. | Interrogatory.
. . -- -- . . | What is the (R. N., etc.)?| What is the (R. N.. etc.)?
(All methods but | Interrogatory. | Interrogatory.
ardois and | |
semaphore.) | |
P | Affirmative. | Affirmative.
RN | Range. | Range.
RT | Right. | Right.
SSS | Support going forward. | Support needed.
SUF | Suspend firing. | Suspend firing.
T | Target. | Target.
-----------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------
CAVALRY.
=48.= For use with General Service Code or semaphore hand flags.
AM--Ammunition going forward (if signaled from the rear to the
front).
Ammunition required (if signaled from the front).
CCC--Charge (if signaled from the rear to the front).
About to charge if no instructions to the contrary.(if signaled
from the front).
CF--Cease firing.
DT--Double time, rush, or hurry.
F--Commence firing.
FL--Artillery fire is causing us losses.
G--Move forward (if signaled from the rear to the front).
Preparing to move forward (if signaled from the front).
HHH--Halt.
K--Negative.
LT--Left.
M--Bring up the horses (if signaled from front to rear).
Horses going forward (if signaled from rear to front).
O--What is the (R. N., etc.) Interrogatory. (Ardois and semaphore
only.)
..--..--What is the (R, N., etc.)? Interrogatory. (All methods but
Ardois and semaphore).
P--Affirmative.
R--Acknowledgment.
RN--Range.
RT--Right.
SSS--Support going forward (if signaled from the rear to the front).
Support needed (if signaled from the front.)
SUF--Suspend firing.
T--Target.
FIELD ARTILLERY.
=49.= For use with General Service Code or semaphore hand flags.
........--Error. (All methods but Ardois and semaphore.)
A--Error. (Ardois and semaphore only.)
AD--Additional.
AKT--Draw ammunition from combat train.
AL--Draw ammunition from limbers.
AM--Ammunition going forward.
AMC--At my command.
AP--Aiming point.
B (numerals)--Battery (so many) rounds.
BS (numerals)--(Such.) Battalion station.
BL--Battery from the left.
BR--Battery from the right.
CCC--Charge (mandatory at all times). Am about to charge
if not instructed to contrary.
CF--Cease firing.
CS--Close station.
CT--Change target.
D--Down.
DF--Deflection.
DT--Double time. Rush. Hurry.
F--Commence firing.
FCL (numerals)--On 1st piece close by (so much).
FL--Artillery fire is causing us losses.
FOP (numerals)--On 1st piece open by (so much).
G--Move forward. Preparing to move forward.
HHH--Halt. Action suspended.
IX--Execute. Go ahead. Transmit.
JI--Report firing data.
K--Negative. No.
KR--Corrector.
L--Preparatory. Attention.
LCL (numerals)--On 4th piece close by (so much).
LOP (numerals)--On 4th piece open by (so much).
LT--Left.
LL--Left from the left.
LR--Left from the right.
LE (numerals)--Less (so much).
MD--Move down.
ML--Move° to your left.
MR--Move° to your right.
MU--Move up.
MO (numerals)--Move (so much).
N--Annul, cancel.
O--What is the (R. N., etc.)? Interrogatory. (Ardois and
semaphore only.)
. . -- -- . . -- What is the (R. N., etc.)? Interrogatory. (All
methods but Ardois and semaphore.)
P--Affirmative. Yes.
PS--Percussion. Shrapnel.
QRQ--Send faster.
QRS--Send slower.
QRT--Cease sending.
R--Acknowledgment. Received.
RS--Regimental station.
RL--Right from the left.
RR--Right from the right.
RN--Range.
RT--Right.
S--Subtract.
SCL (numerals)--On 2d piece close by (so much).
SOP (numerals)--On 2d piece open by (so much).
SH--Shell.
SI--Site.
SSS--Support needed.
T--Target.
TCL (numericals)--On 3d piece close by (so much).
TOP (numerals)--On 3d piece open by (so much).
U--Up.
Y (letter)--Such battery station.
CHAPTER XIII.
FIRST-AID RULES.
The bandages and dressings contained in the first-aid packet have been
so treated as to destroy any germs thereon. Therefore, when dressing a
wound, be careful not to touch or handle that part of the dressing
which is to be applied to the wound.
A sick or injured person should always be made to lie down on his
back, if practicable, as this is the most comfortable position, and
all muscles may be relaxed.
All tight articles of clothing and equipment should be loosened, so as
not to interfere with breathing or the circulation of the blood.
Belts, collars, and the trousers at the waist should be opened.
Don't let mere onlookers crowd about the patient. They prevent him
from getting fresh air and also make him nervous and excited.
In case of injury the heart action is generally weak from shock, and
the body, therefore, grows somewhat cold. So don't remove any more
clothing than is necessary to expose the injury.
Cut or rip the clothing, but don't pull it. Try to disturb the patient
as little as possible.
Don't touch a wound with your fingers or a handkerchief, or with
anything else but the first-aid dressing. Don't wash the wound with
water, as you may infect it.
Don't administer stimulants (whisky, brandy, wine, etc.) unless
ordered to do so by a doctor. While in a few cases stimulants are of
benefit, in a great many cases they do positive harm, especially where
there has been any bleeding.
The heart may be considered as a pump and the arteries as a rubber
hose, which carry the blood from the heart to every part of the body.
The veins are the hose which carry the blood back to the heart. Every
wound bleeds some, but, unless a large artery or a large vein is cut,
the bleeding will stop after a short while if the patient is kept
quiet and the first-aid dressing is bound over the wound so as to make
pressure on it.
When a large artery is cut the blood gushes out in spurts every time
the heart beats. In this case it is necessary to stop the flow of
blood by pressing upon the hose somewhere between the heart and the
leak.
If the leak is in the arm or hand, apply pressure as in figure 1.
[Illustration: FIG. 1.]
If the leak is in the leg, apply pressure as in figure 2.
[Illustration: FIG. 2.]
If the leak is in the shoulder or armpit, apply pressure as in figure
3.
[Illustration: FIG. 3.]
The reason for this is that at the places indicated the arteries may
be pressed against a bone more easily than at any other places.
Another way of applying pressure (by means of a tourniquet) is shown
in figure 4. Place a pad of tightly rolled cloth or paper, or any
suitable object, over the artery. Tie a bandage loosely about the
limb and then insert your bayonet, or a stick, and twist up the
bandage until the pressure of the pad on the artery stops the leak.
Twist the bandage slowly and stop as soon as the blood ceases to flow,
in order not to bruise the flesh or muscles unnecessarily.
[Illustration: FIG. 4.--Improvised tourniquet.]
A tourniquet may cause pain and swelling of the limb, and if left on
too long may cause the limb to die. Therefore, about every half hour
or so loosen the bandage very carefully, but if the bleeding continues
pressure must be applied again. In this case apply the pressure with
the thumb for five or ten minutes, as this cuts off only the main
artery and leaves some of the smaller arteries and the veins free to
restore some of the circulation. When a tourniquet is painful it is
too tight and should be carefully loosened a little.
If the leg or arm is held upright, this also helps to reduce the
bleeding in these parts, because the heart then has to pump the blood
uphill.
A broken bone is called a fracture. The great danger in the case of a
fracture is that the sharp, jagged edges of the bones may stick
through the flesh and skin, or tear and bruise the arteries, veins,
and muscles. If the skin is not broken, a fracture is not so serious,
as no germs can get in. =Therefore never move a person with a broken
bone until the fracture has been so fixed that the broken ends of the
bone can not move.=
If the leg or arm is broken, straighten the limb gently and if
necessary pull upon the end firmly to get the bones in place. Then
bind the limb firmly to a splint to hold it in place. A splint may be
made of any straight, stiff material--a shingle or piece of board, a
bayonet, a rifle, a straight branch of a tree, etc. Whatever material
you use must be well padded on the side next to the limb. Be careful
never to place the bandages over the fracture, but always above and
below. (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8.)
[Illustration: FIG. 5.]
[Illustration: FIG. 6.]
[Illustration: FIG. 7.]
[Illustration: FIG. 8.]
Many surgeons think that the method of binding a broken leg to the
well one, and of binding the arm to the body, is the best plan in the
field as being the quickest and one that serves the immediate purpose.
With wounds about the body, the chest, and abdomen you must not meddle
except to protect them when possible, without much handling, with the
materials of the packet.
FAINTING, SHOCK, HEAT EXHAUSTION.
The symptoms of fainting, shock, and heat exhaustion are very
similar. The face is pale, the skin cool and moist, the pulse is weak,
and generally the patient is unconscious. Keep the patient quiet,
resting on his back, with his head low. Loosen the clothing, but keep
the patient warm, and give stimulants (whisky, hot coffee, tea, etc.).
SUNSTROKE.
In the case of sunstroke the face is flushed, the skin is dry and very
hot, and the pulse is full and strong. In this case place the patient
in a cool spot, remove the clothing, and make every effort to lessen
the heat in the body by cold applications to the head and surface
generally. Do not, under any circumstances, give any stimulants or hot
drinks.
FREEZING AND FROSTBITE.
The part frozen, which looks white or bluish white, and is cold,
should be very slowly raised in temperature by brisk but careful
rubbing in a cool place, and never near a fire. Stimulants are to be
given cautiously when the patient can swallow, and followed by small
amounts of warm liquid nourishment. The object is to restore the
circulation of the blood and the natural warmth gradually and not
violently. Care and patience are necessary to do this.
RESUSCITATION OF THE APPARENTLY DROWNED.
In the instruction of the Army in First Aid the method of
resuscitation of the apparently drowned, as described by "Schaefer,"
will be taught instead of the "Sylvester Method," heretofore used. The
Schaefer method of artificial respiration is also applicable in cases
of electric shock, asphyxiation by gas, and of the failure of
respiration following concussion of the brain.
Being under water for four or five minutes is generally fatal, but an
effort to revive the apparently drowned should always be made, unless
it is known that the body has been under water for a very long time.
The attempt to revive the patient should not be delayed for the
purpose of removing his clothes or placing him in the ambulance. Begin
the procedure as soon as he is out of the water, on the shore or in
the boat. The first and most important thing is to start artificial
respiration without delay.
The Schaefer method is preferred because it can be carried out by one
person without assistance, and because its procedure is not exhausting
to the operator, thus permitting him, if required, to continue it for
one or two hours. When it is known that a person has been under water
for but a few minutes continue the artificial respiration for at least
one and a half to two hours before considering the case hopeless. Once
the patient has begun to breathe watch carefully to see that he does
not stop again. Should the breathing be very faint, or should he stop
breathing, assist him again with artificial respiration. After he
starts breathing do not lift him nor permit him to stand until the
breathing has become full and regular.
SCHAEFER METHOD.
As soon as the patient is removed from the water, turn him face to the
ground, clasp your hands under his waist, and raise the body so any
water may drain out of the air passages while the head remains low.
(Figure 9.)
[Illustration: FIG. 9.--Schaefer method of artificial respiration.
Inspiration.]
The patient is laid on his stomach, arms extended from his body beyond
his head, face turned to one side so that the mouth and nose do not
touch the ground. This position causes the tongue to fall forward of
its own weight and so prevents its falling back into the air passages.
Turning the head to one side prevents the face coming into contact
with mud or water during the operation. This position also
facilitates the removal from the mouth of foreign bodies, such as
tobacco, chewing gum, false teeth, etc., and favors the expulsion of
mucus, blood, vomitus, serum, or any liquid that may be in the air
passages.
[Illustration: FIG. 10--Schaefer method of artificial respiration.
Expiration.]
The operator kneels, straddles one or both of the patient's thighs,
and faces his head. Locating the lowest rib, the operator, with his
thumbs nearly parallel to his fingers, places his hands so that the
little finger curls over the twelfth rib. If the hands are on the
pelvic bones, the object of the work is defeated; hence the bones of
the pelvis are first located in order to avoid them. The hands must be
free from the pelvis and resting on the lowest rib. By operating on
the bare back it is easier to locate the lower ribs and avoid the
pelvis. The nearer the ends of the ribs the hands are placed without
sliding off the better. The hands are thus removed from the spine, the
fingers being nearly out of sight.
The fingers help some, but the chief pressure is exerted by the heels
(thenar and hypothenar eminences) of the hands, with the weight coming
straight from the shoulders. It is a waste of energy to bend the arms
at the elbows and shove in from the sides, because the muscles of the
back are stronger than the muscles of the arms.
The operator's arms are held straight, and his weight is brought from
his shoulders by bringing his body and shoulders forward. This weight
is gradually increased until at the end of the three seconds of
vertical pressure upon the lower ribs of the patient the force is felt
to be heavy enough to compress the parts; then the weight is suddenly
removed. If there is danger of not returning the hands to the right
position again, they can remain lightly in place; but it is usually
better to remove the hands entirely. If the operator is light and the
patient an overweight adult, he can utilize over 80 per cent of his
weight by raising his knees from the ground and supporting himself
entirely on his toes and the heels of his hands, the latter properly
placed on the ends of the floating ribs of the patient. In this manner
he can work as effectively as a heavy man.
A light feather or a piece of absorbent cotton drawn out thin and held
near the nose by some one will indicate by its movements whether or
not there is a current of air going and coming with each forced
expiration and spontaneous inspiration.
The natural rate of breathing is 12 to 15 times per minute. The rate
of operation should not exceed this. The lungs must be thoroughly
emptied by three seconds of pressure, then refilling takes care of
itself. Pressure and release of pressure--one complete
respiration--occupies about five seconds. If the operator is alone, he
can be guided in each act by his own deep, regular respiration or by
counting or by his watch lying by his side. If comrades are present,
he can be advised by them.
The duration of the efforts as artificial respiration should
ordinarily exceed an hour; indefinitely longer if there are any
evidences of returning animation, by way of breathing, speaking, or
movements. There are liable to be evidences of life within 25 minutes
in patients who will recover from electric shock, but where there is
doubt the patient should be given the benefit of the doubt. In
drowning, especially, recoveries are on record after two hours or more
of unconsciousness; hence, the Schaefer method, being easy of
operation, is more likely to be persisted in.
Aromatic spirits of ammonia may be poured on a handkerchief and held
continuously within 3 inches of the face and nose. If other ammonia
preparations are used, they should be diluted or held farther away.
Try it on your own nose first.
When the operator is a heavy man it is necessary to caution him not to
bring force too violently upon the ribs, as one of them might be
broken.
Do not attempt to give liquids of any kind to the patient while
unconscious. Apply warm blankets and hot-water bottles as soon as
they can be obtained.
CHAPTER XIV.
LAWS AND REGULATIONS.
=Section 1. General provisions.=
The Army of the United States is governed by certain laws called "The
Articles of War" and certain regulations called "Army Regulations."
The following list includes the offenses most often committed by
soldiers, generally through ignorance or carelessness rather than
viciousness. Violations of any rule or regulation should be carefully
guarded against, since they not only subject the offender to
punishment, but also bring discredit on his comrades, his
organization, and on the military profession:
1. Selling, pawning, or, through neglect, losing or spoiling any
Government property, such as uniforms, blankets, equipment,
ammunition, etc.
2. Disobedience of the orders of any officer or noncommissioned
officer.
3. Disrespect to an officer or noncommissioned officer.
4. Absence from camp without leave.
5. Absence from any drill, formation, or other duty without authority.
6. Drunkenness on duty or off duty, whether in camp or when absent
either with or without leave.
7. Bringing liquor into camp.
8. Noisy or disorderly conduct in camp or when absent either with or
without leave.
9. Entering on private property, generally for the purpose of
stealing fruit, etc.
10. Negligence or carelessness at drill or on other duty, particularly
while on guard or as a sentinel over prisoners.
11. Wearing an unauthorized uniform or wearing the uniform in an
improper manner.
12. Urinating in or around camp.
13. Failing to salute properly.
14. Disrespect or affront to a sentinel.
15. Abuse or neglect of his horse.
"The basic principles of the combat tactics of the different arms are
set forth in the Drill Regulations of those arms for units as high as
brigades." (_Preface, Field Service Regulations._)
"The Drill Regulations are furnished as a guide. They provide the
principles for training and for increasing the probability of success
in battle. In the interpretation of the regulations the spirit must be
sought. Quibbling over the minutiæ of form is indicative of failure to
grasp the spirit." (_Paragraph 4, Infantry Drill Regulations._)
Field Service Regulations govern all arms of the Army of the United
States.
=Section 2. The Army of the United States.=
The Army of the United States shall consist of the Regular Army, the
Volunteer Army, the Officers' Reserve Corps, the Enlisted Reserve
Corps, the National Guard while in the service of the United States,
and such other land forces as are now or may hereafter be authorized
by law. (Sec. 1, act of June 3, 1916.)
=Section 3. Rank and precedence of officers and noncommissioned
officers.=
The following are the grades of rank of officers and noncommissioned
officers:
1. Lieutenant general.
2. Major general.
3. Brigadier general.
4. Colonel.
5. Lieutenant colonel.
6. Major.
7. Captain.
8. First Lieutenant.
9. Second lieutenant.
10. Aviator, Signal Corps.
11. Cadet.
12. (_a_) Sergeant major, regimental; sergeant major, senior grade,
Coast Artillery Corps; (_b_) quartermaster sergeant, senior grade,
Quartermaster Corps; master hospital sergeant, Medical Department;
master engineer, senior grade, Corps of Engineers; master electrician,
Coast Artillery Corps; master signal electrician; band leader; (_c_)
hospital sergeant, Medical Department; master engineer, junior grade,
Corps of Engineers; engineer, Coast Artillery Corps.
13. Ordnance sergeant; quartermaster sergeant, Quartermaster Corps;
supply sergeant, regimental.
14. Sergeant major, squadron and battalion; sergeant major, junior
grade, Coast Artillery Corps; supply sergeant, battalion, Corps of
Engineers.
15. (_a_) First sergeant; (_b_) sergeant, first class, Medical
Department; sergeant, first class, Quartermaster Corps; sergeant,
first class, Corps of Engineers; sergeant, first class, Signal Corps;
electrician sergeant, first class, Coast Artillery Corps; electrician
sergeant, Artillery Detachment, United States Military Academy;
assistant engineer, Coast Artillery Corps; (_c_) master gunner, Coast
Artillery Corps; master gunner, Artillery Detachment, United States
Military Academy; band sergeant and assistant leader, United States
Military Academy band; assistant band leader; sergeant bugler;
electrician sergeant, second class, Coast Artillery Corps; electrician
sergeant, second class, Artillery Detachment, United States Military
Academy; radio sergeant.
16. Color sergeant.
17. Sergeant; supply sergeant, company; mess sergeant; stable
sergeant; fireman, Coast Artillery Corps.
18. Corporal.
In each grade and subgrade date of commission, appointment, or warrant
determines the order of precedence. (Paragraph 9, Army Regulations,
1913.)
=Section 4. Insignia of officers and noncommissioned officers.=
The insignia of rank appearing on the shoulder straps, shoulder loops,
or collar of shirt (when shirt is worn without coat) of officers are
as follows:
General: Coat of arms and two stars.
Lieutenant general: One large star and two smaller ones.
Major general: Two silver stars.
Brigadier general: One silver star.
Colonel: One silver spread eagle.
Lieutenant colonel: One silver leaf.
Major: One gold leaf.
Captain: Two silver bars.
First lieutenant: One silver bar.
The grade of noncommissioned officers is indicated by chevrons worn on
the sleeve.
=Section 5. Extracts from the Articles of War.=
(Relating to enlisted men.)
CERTAIN ARTICLES TO BE READ AND EXPLAINED.
ART. 110. Articles 1, 2, and 29, 54 to 96, inclusive, and 104 to 109,
inclusive, shall be read and explained to every soldier at the time of
his enlistment or muster in, or within six days thereafter, and shall
be read and explained once every six months to the soldiers of every
garrison, regiment, or company in the service of the United States.
DEFINITIONS.
ARTICLE 1. The following words when used in these articles shall be
construed in the sense indicated in this article, unless the context
shows that a different sense is intended, namely:
(_a_) The word "officer" shall be construed to refer to a commissioned
officer;
(_b_) The word "soldier" shall be construed as including a
noncommissioned officer, a private, or any other enlisted man;
(_c_) The word "company" shall be understood as including a troop or
battery; and
(_d_) The word "battalion" shall be understood as including a
squadron.
PERSONS SUBJECT TO MILITARY LAW.
ART. 2. The following persons are subject to these articles and shall
be understood as included in the term "any person subject to military
law" or "persons subject to military law" whenever used in these
articles: _Provided_, That nothing contained in this act, except as
specifically provided in article 2, subparagraph (_c_), shall be
construed to apply to any person under the United States naval
jurisdiction, unless otherwise specifically provided by law;
(_a_) All officers and soldiers belonging to the Regular Army of the
United States; all volunteers, from the dates of their muster or
acceptance into the military service of the United States; and all
other persons lawfully called, drafted, or ordered into or to duty or
for training in the said service, from the dates they are required by
the terms of the call, draft, or order to obey the same.
(_b_) Cadets.
(_c_) Officers and soldiers of the Marine Corps when detached for
service with the armies of the United States by order of the
President: _Provided_, That an officer or soldier of the Marine Corps
when so detached may be tried by military court-martial for an offense
committed against the laws for the government of the naval service
prior to his detachment, and for an offense committed against these
articles he may be tried by a naval court-martial after such
detachment ceases.
(_d_) All retainers to the camp and all persons accompanying or
serving with the armies of the United States without the territorial
jurisdiction of the United States, and in times of war all such
retainers and persons accompanying or serving with the armies of the
United States in the field, both within and without the territorial
jurisdiction of the United States, though not otherwise subject to
these articles.
(_e_) All persons under sentence adjudged by courts-martial.
(_f_) All persons admitted into the Regular Army Soldiers' Home at
Washington, D. C.
ENLISTMENT WITHOUT DISCHARGE.
ART. 29. Any soldier who, without having first received a regular
discharge, again enlists in the Army, or in the militia when in the
service of the United States, or in the Navy or Marine Corps of the
United States, or in any foreign army, shall be deemed to have
deserted the service of the United States, and, where enlistment is in
one of the forces of the United States mentioned above, to have
fraudulently enlisted therein.
FRAUDULENT ENLISTMENT.
ART. 54. Any person who shall procure himself to be enlisted in the
military service of the United States by means of willful
misrepresentation or concealment as to his qualifications for
enlistment, and shall receive pay or allowances under such enlistment,
shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
OFFICER MAKING UNLAWFUL ENLISTMENT.
ART. 55. Any officer who knowingly enlists or musters into the
military service any person whose enlistment or muster in is
prohibited by law, regulations, or orders shall be dismissed from the
service or suffer such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.
MUSTER ROLLS--FALSE MUSTER.
ART. 56. At every muster of a regiment, troop, battery, or company the
commanding officer thereof shall give to the mustering officer
certificates, signed by himself, stating how long absent officers have
been absent and the reasons of their absence. And the commanding
officer of every troop, battery, or company shall give like
certificates, stating how long absent noncommissioned officers and
private soldiers have been absent and the reasons of their absence.
Such reasons and time of absence shall be inserted in the muster rolls
opposite the names of the respective absent officers and soldiers, and
the certificates, together with the muster rolls, shall be transmitted
by the mustering officer to the Department of War as speedily as the
distance of the place and muster will admit. Any officer who knowingly
makes a false muster of man or animal, or who signs or directs or
allows the signing of any muster roll knowing the same to contain
false muster or false statement as to the absence or pay of an officer
or soldier, or who wrongfully takes money or other consideration on
mustering in a regiment, company, or other organization, or on signing
muster rolls, or who knowingly musters as an officer or soldier a
person who is not such officer or soldier, shall be dismissed from the
service and suffer such other punishment as a court-martial may
direct.
FALSE RETURNS--OMISSION TO RENDER RETURNS.
ART. 57. Every officer commanding a regiment, an independent troop,
battery, or company, or a garrison shall, in the beginning of every
month, transmit, through the proper channels, to the War Department an
exact return of the same, specifying the names of the officers then
absent from their posts, with the reasons for and the time of their
absence. Every officer whose duty it is to render to the War
Department or other superior authority a return of the state of the
troops under his command, or of the arms, ammunition, clothing, funds,
or other property thereunto belonging, who knowingly makes a false
return thereof shall be dismissed from the service and suffer such
other punishment as a court-martial may direct. And any officer who,
through neglect or design, omits to render such return shall be
punished as a court-martial may direct.
DESERTION.
ART. 58. Any person subject to military law who deserts or attempts to
desert the service of the United States shall, if the offense be
committed in time of war, suffer death or such other punishment as a
court-martial may direct, and, if the offense be committed at any
other time, any punishment, excepting death, that, a court-martial
may direct.
ADVISING OR AIDING ANOTHER TO DESERT.
ART. 59. Any person subject to military law who advises or persuades
or knowingly assists another to desert the service of the United
States shall, if the offense be committed in time of war, suffer
death, or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct, and if
the offense be committed at any other time any punishment, excepting
death, that a court-martial may direct.
ENTERTAINING A DESERTER.
ART. 60. Any officer who, after having discovered that a soldier in
his command is a deserter from the military or naval service or from
the Marine Corps, retains such deserter in his command without
informing superior authority or the commander of the organization to
which the deserter belongs, shall be punished as a court-martial may
direct.
ABSENCE WITHOUT LEAVE.
ART. 61. Any person subject to military law who fails to repair at the
fixed time to the properly appointed place of duty, or goes from the
same without proper leave, or absents himself from his command, guard,
quarters, station, or camp without proper leave, shall be punished as
a court-martial may direct.
DISRESPECT TOWARD THE PRESIDENT, VICE PRESIDENT, CONGRESS, SECRETARY
OF WAR, GOVERNORS, LEGISLATURES.
ART. 62. Any officer who uses contemptuous or disrespectful words
against the President, Vice President, the Congress of the United
States, the Secretary of War, or the governor or legislature of any
State, Territory, or other possession of the United States in which he
is quartered shall be dismissed from the service or suffer such other
punishment as a court-martial may direct. Any other person subject to
military law who so offends shall be punished as a court-martial may
direct.
DISRESPECT TOWARD SUPERIOR OFFICERS.
ART. 63. Any person subject to military law who behaves himself with
disrespect toward his superior officer shall be punished as a
court-martial may direct.
ASSAULTING OR WILLFULLY DISOBEYING SUPERIOR OFFICER.
ART. 64. Any person subject to military law who, on any pretense
whatsoever, strikes his superior officer, or draws or lifts up any
weapon or offers any violence against him, being in the execution of
his office, or willfully disobeys any lawful command of his superior
officer, shall suffer death or such other punishment as a
court-martial may direct.
INSUBORDINATE CONDUCT TOWARD NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER.
ART. 65. Any soldier who strikes or assaults, or who attempts or
threatens to strike or assault, or willfully disobeys the lawful order
of a noncommissioned officer while in the execution of his office, or
uses threatening or insulting language, or behaves in an insubordinate
or disrespectful manner toward a noncommissioned officer while in the
execution of his office, shall be punished as a court-martial may
direct.
MUTINY OR SEDITION.
ART. 66. Any person subject to military law who attempts, to create or
who begins, excites, causes, or joins in any mutiny or sedition in any
company, party, post, camp, detachment, guard, or other command shall
suffer death or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.
FAILURE TO SUPPRESS MUTINY OR SEDITION.
ART. 67. Any officer or soldier who, being present at any mutiny or
sedition, does not use his utmost endeavor to suppress the same, or
knowing or having reason to believe that a mutiny or sedition is to
take place, does not without delay give information thereof to his
commanding officer shall suffer death or such other punishment as a
court-martial may direct.
QUARRELS, FRAYS, DISORDERS.
ART. 68. All officers and noncommissioned officers have power to part
and quell all quarrels, frays, and disorders among persons subject to
military law and to order officers who take part In the same into
arrest, and other persons subject to military law who take part in the
same into arrest or confinement, as circumstances may require, until
their proper superior officer is acquainted therewith. And whosoever,
being so ordered, refuses to obey such officer or noncommissioned
officer or draws a weapon upon or otherwise threatens or does violence
to him shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
ARREST OR CONFINEMENT OF ACCUSED PERSONS.
ART. 69. An officer charged with crime or with a serious offense under
these articles shall be placed in arrest by the commanding officer,
and in exceptional cases an officer so charged may be placed in
confinement by the same authority. A soldier charged with crime or
with a serious offense under these articles shall be placed in
confinement, and when charged with a minor offense he may be placed in
arrest. Any other person subject to military law charged with crime or
with a serious offense under these articles shall be placed in
confinement or in arrest, as circumstances may require; and when
charged with a minor offense such person may be placed in arrest. Any
person placed in arrest under the provisions of this article shall
thereby be restricted to his barracks, quarters, or tent, unless such
limits shall be enlarged by proper authority. Any officer who breaks
his arrest or who escapes from confinement before he is set at liberty
by proper authority shall be dismissed from the service or suffer such
other punishment as a court-martial may direct; and any other person
subject to military law who escapes from confinement or who breaks his
arrest before he is set at liberty by proper authority shall be
punished as a court-martial may direct.
INVESTIGATION OF AND ACTION UPON CHARGES.
ART 70. No person put in arrest shall be continued in confinement more
than eight days, or until such time as a court-martial can be
assembled. When any person is put in arrest for the purpose of trial,
except at remote military posts or stations, the officer by whose
order he is arrested shall see that a copy of the charges on which he
is to be tried is served upon him within eight days after his arrest,
and that he is brought to trial within 10 days thereafter, unless the
necessities of the service prevent such trial; and then he shall be
brought to trial within 30 days after the expiration of said 10 days.
If a copy of the charges be not served, or the arrested person be not
brought to trial, as herein required, the arrest shall cease. But
persons released from arrest, under the provisions of this article,
may be tried, whenever the exigencies of the service shall permit,
within 12 months after such release from arrest: _Provided_, That in
time of peace no person shall, against his objection, be brought to
trial before a general court-martial within a period of five days
subsequent to the service of charges upon him.
REFUSAL TO RECEIVE AND KEEP PRISONERS.
ART. 71. No provost marshal or commander of a guard shall refuse to
receive or keep any prisoner committed to his charge by an officer
belonging to the forces of the United States, provided the officer
committing shall, at the time, deliver an account in writing, signed
by himself, of the crime or offense charged against the prisoner. Any
officer or soldier so refusing shall be punished as a court-martial
may direct.
REPORT OF PRISONERS RECEIVED.
ART. 72. Every commander of a guard to whose charge a prisoner is
committed shall, within 24 hours after such confinement, or as soon as
he is relieved from his guard, report in writing to the commanding
officer the name of such prisoner, the offense charged against him,
and the name of the officer committing him; and if he fails to make
such report he shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
RELEASING PRISONER WITHOUT PROPER AUTHORITY.
ART. 73. Any person subject to military law who, without proper
authority, releases any prisoner duly committed to his charge, or who,
through neglect or design, suffers any prisoner so committed to
escape, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
DELIVERY OF OFFENDERS TO CIVIL AUTHORITIES.
ART. 74. When any person subject to military law, except one who is
held by the military authorities to answer, or who is awaiting trial
or result of trial, or who is undergoing sentence for a crime or
offense punishable under these articles, is accused of a crime or
offense committed within the geographical limits of the States of the
Union and the District of Columbia, and punishable by the laws of the
land, the commanding officer is required, except in time of war, upon
application duly made, to use his utmost endeavor to deliver over such
accused person to the civil authorities, or to aid the officers of
justice in apprehending and securing him, in order that he may be
brought to trial. Any commanding officer who upon such application
refuses or willfully neglects, except in time of war, to deliver over
such accused person to the civil authorities or to aid the officers of
justice in apprehending and securing him shall be dismissed from the
service or suffer such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.
When under the provisions of this article delivery is made to the
civil authorities of an offender undergoing sentence of a
court-martial, such delivery, if followed by conviction, shall be held
to interrupt the execution of the sentence of the court-martial, and
the offender shall be returned to military custody, after having
answered to the civil authorities for his offense, for the completion
of the said court-martial sentence.
MISBEHAVIOR BEFORE THE ENEMY.
ART. 75. Any officer or soldier who misbehaves himself before the
enemy, runs away, or shamefully abandons or delivers up any fort,
post, camp, guard, or other command which it is his duty to defend, or
speaks words inducing others to do the like, or casts away his arms or
ammunition, or quits his post or colors to plunder or pillage, or by
any means whatsoever occasions false alarms in camp, garrison, or
quarters, shall suffer death or such other punishment as a
court-martial may direct.
SUBORDINATES COMPELLING COMMANDER TO SURRENDER.
ART. 76. If any commander of any garrison, fort, post, camp, guard, or
other command is compelled by the officers or soldiers under his
command to give it up to the enemy or to abandon it, the officers or
soldiers so offending shall suffer death or such other punishment as a
court-martial may direct.
IMPROPER USE OF COUNTERSIGN.
ART. 77. Any person subject to military law who makes known the parole
or countersign to any person not entitled to receive it according to
the rules and discipline of war, or gives a parole or countersign
different from that which he receives, shall, if the offense be
committed in time of war, suffer death or such other punishment as a
court-martial may direct.
FORCING A SAFEGUARD.
ART. 78. Any person subject to military law who, in time of war,
forces a safeguard shall suffer death or such other punishment as a
court-martial may direct.
CAPTURED PROPERTY TO BE SECURED FOR PUBLIC SERVICE.
ART. 79. All public property taken from the enemy is the property of
the United States and shall be secured for the service of the United
States, and any person subject to military law who neglects to secure
such property or is guilty of wrongful appropriation thereof shall be
punished as a court-martial may direct.
DEALING IN CAPTURED OR ABANDONED PROPERTY.
ART. 80. Any person subject to military law who buys, sells, trades,
or in any way deals in or disposes of captured or abandoned property,
whereby he shall receive or expect any profit, benefit, or advantage
to himself or to any other person directly or indirectly connected
with himself, or who fails whenever such property comes into his
possession or custody or within his control to give notice thereof to
the proper authority and to turn over such property to the proper
authority without delay, shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by
fine or imprisonment, or by such other punishment as a court-martial,
military commission, or other military tribunal may adjudge, or by any
or all of said penalties.
RELIEVING, CORRESPONDING WITH, OR AIDING THE ENEMY.
ART. 81. Whosoever relieves the enemy with arms, ammunition, supplies,
money, or other thing, or knowingly harbors or protects or holds
correspondence with or gives intelligence to the enemy, either
directly or indirectly, shall suffer death, or such other punishment
as a court-martial or military commission may direct.
SPIES.
ART. 82. Any person who in time of war shall be found lurking or
acting as a spy in or about any of the fortifications, posts,
quarters, or encampments of any of the armies of the United States, or
elsewhere, shall be tried by a general court-martial or by a military
commission, and shall, on conviction thereof, suffer death.
MILITARY PROPERTY--WILLFUL OR NEGLIGENT LOSS, DAMAGE, OR WRONGFUL
DISPOSITION OF.
ART. 83. Any person subject to military law who willfully or through
neglect suffers to be lost, spoiled, damaged, or wrongfully disposed
of any military property belonging to the United States shall make
good the loss or damage and suffer such punishment as a court-martial
may direct.
WASTE OR UNLAWFUL DISPOSITION OF MILITARY PROPERTY ISSUED TO SOLDIERS.
ART. 84. Any soldier who sells or wrongfully disposes of or willfully
or through neglect injures or loses any horse, arms, ammunition,
accouterments, equipments, clothing, or other property issued for use
in the military service shall be punished as a court-martial may
direct.
DRUNK ON DUTY.
ART. 85. Any officer who is found drunk on duty shall, if the offense
be committed in time of war, be dismissed from the service and suffer
such other punishment as a court-martial may direct; and if the
offense be committed in time of peace he shall be punished as a
court-martial may direct. Any person subject to military law, except
an officer, who is found drunk on duty shall be punished as a
court-martial may direct.
MISBEHAVIOR OF SENTINEL.
ART. 86. Any sentinel who is found drunk or sleeping upon his post, or
who leaves it before he is regularly relieved, shall, if the offense
be committed in time of war, suffer death or such other punishment as
a court-martial may direct; and if the offense be committed in time of
peace he shall suffer any punishment, except death, that a
court-martial may direct.
PERSONAL INTEREST IN SALE OF PROVISIONS.
ART. 87. Any officer commanding in any garrison, fort, barracks, camp,
or other place where troops of the United States may be serving who,
for his private advantage, lays any duty or imposition upon or is
interested in the sale of any victuals or other necessaries of life
brought into such garrison, fort, barracks, camp, or other place for
the use of the troops, shall be dismissed from the service and suffer
such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.
INTIMIDATION OF PERSONS BRINGING PROVISIONS.
ART. 88. Any person subject to military law who abuses, intimidates,
does violence to, or wrongfully interferes with any person bringing
provisions, supplies, or other necessaries to the camp, garrison, or
quarters of the forces of the United States shall suffer such
punishment as a court-martial may direct.
GOOD ORDER TO BE MAINTAINED AND WRONGS REDRESSED.
ART. 89. All persons subject to military law are to behave themselves
orderly in quarters, garrison, camp, and on the march; and any person
subject to military law who commits any waste or spoil, or willfully
destroys any property whatsoever (unless by order of his commanding
officer), or commits any kind of depredation or riot, shall be
punished as a court-martial may direct. Any commanding officer who,
upon complaint made to him, refuses or omits to see reparation made to
the party injured, in so far as the offender's pay shall go toward
such reparation, as provided for in article 105, shall be dismissed
from the service or otherwise punished as a court-martial may direct.
PROVOKING SPEECHES OR GESTURES.
ART. 90. No person subject to military law shall use any reproachful
or provoking speeches or gestures to another; and any person subject
to military law who offends against the provisions of this article
shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
DUELING.
ART. 91. Any person subject to military law who fights or promotes or
is concerned in or connives at fighting a duel, or who having
knowledge of a challenge sent or about to be sent, fails to report the
fact promptly to the proper authority, shall, if an officer, be
dismissed from the service or suffer such other punishment as a
court-martial may direct; and if any other person subject to military
law shall suffer such punishment as a court-martial may direct.
MURDER--RAPE.
ART. 92. Any person subject to military law who commits murder or rape
shall suffer death or imprisonment for life, as a court-martial may
direct; but no person shall be tried by court-martial for murder or
rape committed within the geographical limits of the States of the
Union and the District of Columbia in time of peace.
VARIOUS CRIMES.
ART. 93. Any person subject to military law who commits manslaughter,
mayhem, arson, burglary, robbery, larceny, embezzlement, perjury,
assault with intent to commit any felony, or assault with intent to do
bodily harm, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.
FRAUDS AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT.
ART. 94. Any person subject to military law who makes or causes to be
made any claim against the United States or any officer thereof,
knowing such claim to be false or fraudulent; or
Who presents or causes to be presented to any person in the civil or
military service thereof, for approval or payment, any claim against
the United States or any officer thereof, knowing such claim to be
false or fraudulent; or
Who enters into any agreement or conspiracy to defraud the United
States by obtaining, or aiding others to obtain, the allowance or
payment of any false or fraudulent claim; or
Who, for the purpose of obtaining, or aiding others to obtain, the
approval, allowance, or payment of any claim against the United States
or against any officer thereof, makes or uses, or procures, or advises
the making or use of, any writing or other paper, knowing the same to
contain any false or fraudulent statements; or
Who, for the purpose of obtaining, or aiding others to obtain, the
approval, allowance, or payment of any claim against the United States
or any officer thereof, makes, or procures, or advises the making of,
any oath to any fact or to any writing or other paper, knowing such
oath to be false; or
Who, for the purpose of obtaining, or aiding others to obtain, the
approval, allowance, or payment of any claim against the United States
or any officer thereof, forges or counterfeits, or procures, or
advises the forging or counterfeiting of any signature upon any
writing or other paper, or uses, or procures, or advises the use of
any such signature, knowing the same to be forged or counterfeited; or
Who, having charge, possession, custody, or control of any money or
other property of the United States, furnished or intended for the
military service thereof, knowingly delivers, or causes to be
delivered, to any person having authority to receive the same, any
amount thereof less than that for which he receives a certificate or
receipt; or
Who, being authorized to make or deliver any paper certifying the
receipt of any property of the United States furnished or intended for
the military service thereof, makes or delivers to any person such
writing, without having full knowledge of the truth of the statements
therein contained and with intent to defraud the United States; or
Who steals, embezzles, knowingly and willfully misappropriates,
applies to his own use or benefit, or wrongfully or knowingly sells or
disposes of any ordnance, arms, equipments, ammunition, clothing,
subsistence stores, money, or other property of the United States
furnished or intended for the military service thereof; or
Who knowingly purchases or receives in pledge for any obligation or
indebtedness from any soldier, officer, or other person who is a part
of or employed in said forces or service, any ordnance, arms,
equipment, ammunition, clothing, subsistence stores, or other property
of the United States, such soldier, officer, or other person not
having lawful right to sell or pledge the same;
Shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by fine or imprisonment, or
by such other punishment as a court-martial may adjudge, or by any or
all of said penalties. And if any person, being guilty of any of the
offenses aforesaid while in the military service of the United States,
receives his discharge or is dismissed from the service, he shall
continue to be liable to be arrested and held for trial and sentence
by a court-martial in the same manner and to the same extent as if he
had not received such discharge nor been dismissed.
CONDUCT UNBECOMING AN OFFICER AND GENTLEMAN.
ART. 95. Any officer or cadet who is convicted of conduct unbecoming
an officer and a gentleman shall be dismissed from the service.
GENERAL ARTICLE.
ART. 96. Though not mentioned in these articles, all disorders and
neglects to the prejudice of good order and military discipline, all
conduct of a nature to bring discredit upon the military service, and
all crimes or offenses not capital of which persons subject to
military law may be guilty shall be taken cognizance of by a general
or special or summary court-martial, according to the nature and
degree of the offense, and punished at the discretion of such court.
DISCIPLINARY POWERS OF COMMANDING OFFICERS.
ART. 104. Under such regulations as the President may prescribe, and
which he may from time to time revoke, alter, or add to, the
commanding officer of any detachment, company, or higher command may,
for minor offenses not denied by the accused, impose disciplinary
punishments upon persons of his command without the intervention of a
court-martial, unless the accused demands trial by court-martial.
The disciplinary punishments authorized by this article may include
admonition, reprimand, withholding of privileges, extra fatigue, and
restriction to certain specified limits, but shall not include
forfeiture of pay or confinement under guard. A person punished under
authority of this article who deems his punishment unjust or
disproportionate to the offense may, through the proper channel,
appeal to the next superior authority, but, may in the meantime be
required to undergo the punishment adjudged. The commanding officer
who imposes the punishment, his successor in command, and superior
authority shall have power to mitigate or remit any unexecuted portion
of the punishment. The imposition and enforcement of disciplinary
punishment under authority of this article for any act or omission
shall not be a bar to trial by court-martial for a crime or offense
growing out of the same act or omission; but the fact that a
disciplinary punishment has been enforced may be shown by the accused
upon trial, and when so shown shall be considered in determining the
measure of punishment to be adjudged in the event of a finding of
guilty.
REDRESS OF INJURIES TO PERSON OR PROPERTY.
ART. 105. Whenever complaint is made to any commanding officer that
damage has been done to the property of any person or that his
property has been wrongfully taken by persons subject to military law,
such complaint shall be investigated by a board consisting of any
number of officers from one to three, which board shall be convened by
the commanding officer and shall have, for the purpose of such
investigation, power to summon witnesses and examine them upon oath or
affirmation, to receive depositions or other documentary evidence,
and to assess the damages sustained against the responsible parties.
The assessment of damages made by such board shall be subject to the
approval of the commanding officer, and in the amount approved by him
shall be stopped against the pay of the offenders. And the order of
such commanding officer directing stoppages herein authorized shall be
conclusive on any disbursing officer for the payment by him to the
injured parties of the stoppages so ordered.
Where the offenders can not be ascertained but the organization or
detachment to which they belong is known, stoppages to the amount of
damages inflicted may be made and assessed in such proportion as may
be deemed just upon the individual members thereof who are shown to
have been present with such organization or detachment at the time the
damages complained of were inflicted, as determined by the approved
findings of the board.
ARREST OF DESERTERS BY CIVIL OFFICIALS.
ART. 106. It shall be lawful for any civil officer having authority
under the laws of the United States, or of any State, Territory,
District, or possession of the United States, to arrest offenders,
summarily to arrest a deserter from the military service of the United
States and deliver him into the custody of the military authorities of
the United States.
SOLDIERS TO MAKE GOOD TIME LOST.
ART. 107. Every soldier who in an existing or subsequent enlistment
deserts the service of the United States or without proper authority
absents himself from his organization, station, or duty for more than
one day, or who is confined for more than one day under sentence, or
while awaiting trial and disposition of his case, if the trial results
in conviction, or through the intemperate use of drugs or alcoholic
liquor, or through disease or injury the result of his own misconduct,
renders himself unable for more than one day to perform duty, shall be
liable to serve, after his return to a full-duty status, for such
period as shall, with the time he may have served prior to such
desertion, unauthorized absence, confinement, or inability to perform
duty, amount to the full term of that part of his enlistment period
which he is required to serve with his organization before being
furloughed to the Army Reserve.
SOLDIERS--SEPARATION FROM THE SERVICE.
ART. 108. No enlisted man, lawfully inducted into the military service
of the United States, shall be discharged from said service without a
certificate of discharge, signed by a field officer of the regiment or
other organization to which the enlisted man belongs or by the
commanding officer when no such field officer is present; and no
enlisted man shall be discharged from said service before his term of
service has expired, except by order of the President, the Secretary
of War, the commanding officer of a department, or by a sentence of a
general court-martial.
OATH OF ENLISTMENT.
ART. 109. At the time of his enlistment every soldier shall take the
following oath or affirmation: "I, ---------, do solemnly swear (or
affirm) that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the United
States of America; that I will serve them honestly and faithfully
against all their enemies whomsoever; and that I will obey the orders
of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers
appointed over me, according to the Rules and Articles of War." This
oath or affirmation may be taken before any officer.
CHAPTER XV.
ENGLISH-FRENCH VOCABULARY.
COMMON WORDS.
Afternoon (this) Cet après-midi.
Army (an) Une armée.
Bandage Un bandage.
Bath Un bain.
Bayonet Une baïonnette.
Bed Un lit.
Blanket Une couverture.
Boy Un garçon.
Bullet Une balle,
Un pruneau (soldier slang).
Camp Un camp,
Un campement.
Cartridge Une cartouche.
Child Un enfant,
Une enfant.
Cook Un cuisinier,
Un cuistot (slang),
Une cuisinière, (fem.).
Dance Un bal,
Une danse (one dance).
Dark Obscur.
Day Un jour.
Dead Mort.
Deserter Un déserteur.
Door Une porte.
Farm Une ferme.
Firearms Des armes à feu.
Field gun Une pièce de campagne.
Flag Un drapeau.
Un étendard (standard).
Forest Une forêt,
Un bois (woods),
Un boqueteau (clump of trees).
Friend Un ami,
Une amie.
Girl Une jeune fille.
Guide Un guide.
Gun Un fusil.
Halt! Halte!
Hand Une main.
Hat Un chapeau,
Un képi (cap),
Un casque (helmet),
Un feutre (campaign hat).
Head La tête.
Headquarters Le quartier-général.
Horse Un cheval.
Interpreter Un interprète.
Knife Un couteau.
Lake Un lac.
Man Un homme.
Meat De la viande.
Name Un nom.
Night La nuit.
Noon Midi.
Machine gun Une mitrailleuse.
Mess call La soupe.
Password Le mot de passe.
Pay Le prêt (enlisted men),
La solde (officers).
Prisoner Un prisonnier.
Recruit Une recrue,
Un bleu (slang),
Un bleuet (slang),
Un blanc-bec (slang).
Restaurant Un restaurant,
Un café.
Road Un chemin,
Une route.
Retreat La retraite.
Reveille Le réveil,
La diane
Saber Un sabre.
Saddle Une selle.
Shoe Des chaussures (shoes in general),
Des souliers (low shoes),
Des bottines (high shoes),
Des brodequins (marching shoes).
Shotgun Un fusil de chasse.
Sick Malade.
Soup Une soupe,
Un potage.
Spy Un espion.
Supper Le souper.
Sword Une épée.
Tent Une tente.
Shelter tent Une tente-abri.
NUMERALS.
One Un, une.
Two Deux.
Three Trois.
Four Quatre.
Five Cinq (pronounce _sank_).
Six Six (pronounce _cease_).
Seven Sept (pronounce _set_).
Eight Huit (pronounce _weet_).
Nine Neuf.
Ten Dix (pronounce _deess_).
Eleven Onze.
Twelve Douze.
Thirteen Treize.
Fourteen Quatorze.
Fifteen Quinze.
Sixteen Seize.
Seventeen Six-sept.
Eighteen Dix-huit.
Nineteen Dix-neuf.
Twenty Vingt (pronounce _vant_).
Twenty-one Vingt-et-un.
Thirty Trente.
Thirty-one Trente-et-un.
Thirty-two Trente-deux.
Forty Quarante.
Fifty Cinquante.
Sixty Soixante.
Seventy Soixante-dix.
Seventy-one Soixante-et-onze.
Seventy-two Soixante-douze.
Eighty Quatre-vingts.
Eighty-one Quatre-vingt-un.
Ninety Quatre-vingt-dix.
Ninety-one Quatre-vingt-onze.
One hundred Cent.
One hundred and one Cent un.
Two hundred Deux cents.
Two hundred and one Deux cent un.
One thousand Mille.
Two thousand Deux mille.
One thousand one hundred Mille cent; onze cents.
Thousands of soldiers Des milliers de soldats.
A million Un million.
Two million men Deux millions d'hommes.
A score Une vingtaine.
About forty men Une quarantaine d'hommes.
Hundreds of men Des centaines d'hommes.
CURRENCY, MEASURES, AND WEIGHTS.
1 cent Un sou; cinq centimes.
10 cents Dix sous; cinquante centimes.
20 cents (about) Un francs.
1 dollar Cinq francs.
(The French have gold pieces of 10 francs and 20 francs; bank notes of
50 francs, 100 francs, and higher. The gold pieces are probably
replaced by bank notes now.)
1 meter (1.0936 yards) Un mètre.
1 kilometer (0.62138 mile) Un kilomètre.
NOTE.--For all ordinary purposes, the "Kilomètre" = 5/8 of a
mile; the "Centimètre" = 4/10 of an inch.
1 league (2.48552 miles) Une lieue.
1 hectare (2.4711 acres) Un hectare.
1 gram (15.43239 grain Troy) Un gramme.
1 kilogram (2.204621 pounds
avoirdupois) Un kilogramme.
220.46 pounds avoirdupois Un quintal; 100 kilos.
2,204.6 pounds avoirdupois Une tonne; 1,000 kilos.
(Coal is sold by the _tonne_; grain and hay by the _quintal_. Dix
quintaux de blé, de foin=10 quintals of grain, of hay.)
1.0567 quart (liquid) Un litre.
26.417 gallons Un hectolitre.
0.9081 quart (dry) Un litre.
2.8379 bushels Un hectolitre.
(The _litre_, which is the principal unit of both fluid and dry
measures, is the contents of 1 cubic _décimètre_ (décimètre = 1/10
mètre).)
DAYS, MONTHS, AND SEASONS.
Sunday Dimanche.
Monday Lundi.
Tuesday Mardi.
Wednesday Mercredi.
Thursday Jeudi.
Friday Vendredi.
Saturday Samedi.
January Janvier.
February Février.
March Mars.
April Avril.
May Mai.
June Juin.
July Juillet.
August Août (pronounced _oo_).
September Septembre.
October Octobre.
November Novembre.
December Décembre.
The seasons Les saisons.
Winter L'hiver.
Spring Le printemps.
Summer L'été.
Fall L'automne.
Year Un an; une année.
Month Un mois.
Week Une semaine.
Day Un jour.
Hour Une heure.
Minute Une minute.
Second Une seconde.
COMMON PHRASES
Good morning, sir,
madam, miss. Bonjour, monsieur, madame,
Good afternoon mademoiselle.
Good evening, sir Bonsoir, monsieur.
Good night, sir Bonne nuit, monsieur.
Pardon me Pardon; je vous demande pardon.
Don't mention it Je vous en prie.
How do you do? Comment allez-vous?
Comment ça va?
Comment vous portez-vous?
Very well, thank you Très bien, merci.
Je vais bien, merci.
Ca va bien, merci.
Je me porte bien, merci.
Do not trouble yourself Ne vous gênez pas.
Ne vous dérangez pas.
I am very glad to see you Je suis bien aise de vous voir.
Je suis content (heureux) de vous
voir.
What time is it? Quelle heure est-il?
It is 10 o'clock Il est dix heures.
Take care; look out Prenez garde.
Do not bother me Ne me dérangez pas.
Stop here Arrêtez-vous ici.
Does Mr. -- live here? M. -- demeure-t-il ici?
Come in Entrez.
You are very kind Vous êtes très aimable.
At what time does the first
train start? A quelle heure part le premier
What is the name of this train?
station? Comment s'appelle cette station
(gare)?
I want Je désire..Je veux (stronger).
I do not want it. Je n'en veux pas.
Let me know what I owe you. Dites-moi ce que je vous dois.
Are you not mistaken? Ne faites-vous pas erreur?
Ne vous trompez-vous pas?
Please give me Veuillez me donner.
Move on. Avancez.
Circulez. (Policeman.)
I want something to eat. Je désire quelque chose à manger.
Where is it? Où est-ce?
Go and look for it. Allez le chercher.
Take this letter to the post
office. Portez cette lettre à la poste.
How much is it? Combien?
Combien cela coûte-t-il?
It is dear. C'est cher.
Thank you. Merci.
Je vous en remercie.
Don't mention it. Il n'y a pas de quoi.
De rien.
Allow me to present my friend. Permettez-moi de vous présenter
mon ami ----.
I am glad to make your
acquaintance. Je suis enchanté de faire votre
connaissance.
How far is it? A quelle distance est-ce?
What can I do for you? Que puis-je faire pour vous?
Do you speak English? Parlez-vous anglais?
I do not speak French very Je ne parle pas très bien le
well. français.
Where do you come from? D'où venez-vous?
How did you come? Comment êtes-vous venu?
On foot, in a carriage, in an A pied, en voiture, en auto, en
auto, by rail, by boat, on a chemin de fer, en bateau, à
bicycle, horseback, in an bicyclette, à cheval, en aéroplane.
aeroplane.
MILITARY TITLES, RANKS, AND GRADES.
General officers Les officers généraux.
General staff L'état-major général.
Field officers Les officiers supérieurs.
Company officers Les officiers subalternes.
Enlisted men Les hommes de troupe.
Noncommissioned officers Les sous-officiers.
Private soldiers Les simples soldats.
Colonel Le colonel (addressed[15] as "Mon
colonel").
Major Le commandant ("Mon commandant").
Captain Le capitaine ("Mon capitaine").
Le piston (slang).
First lieutenant Le lieutenant (en premier) ("Mon
lieutenant").
Second lieutenant Le sous-lieutenant ("Mon lieutenant").
A doctor Un (médecin) major.
A sergeant Un sergent (addressed as "Sergent").
Un maréchal des logis (mounted
service).
A corporal Un caporal ("Caporal").
Un brigadier (mounted service).
A private Un simple soldat.
A body of troops Une troupe.
French troops Des troupes françaises.
A wagoner Un conducteur.
Un fourgonnier.
A horseshoer Un maréchal-ferrant.
A saddler Un sellier.
A signaler Un signaleur.
A deserter Un déserteur.
A soldier of Infantry Un fantassin.
Cavalry Un cavalier.
Artillery Un artilleur.
Engineers Un sapeur-mineur.
Quartermaster Corps. Un homme de l'intendance.
Signal Corps Un homme du corps des signaux.
Hospital Corps Un infirmier.
Line of Communications Un garde des voies et communications,
G. V. C.
Infantry L'infanterie.
Cavalry La cavalerie.
Artillery L'artillerie.
Engineers Le génie.
Signal Corps Le corps des signaux.
Hospital Corps Le corps de santé.
Le service de santé.
Aviation Corps Le corps d'aviation.
[Footnote 15: See note, p. 388.]
MILITARY TERMS.
The headquarters Le quartier général.
The train Le train des équipages.
Railway service Le service des chemins de fer.
Telegraph service Le service des télégraphes.
Rural guards La gendarmerie.
Des gendarmes.
A paymaster Un trésorier.
A chaplain Un aumônier.
An army Une armée.
General So-and-so's army L'armée--(l'armée Foch).
An army corps Un corps d'armée.
A division Une division.
A brigade Une brigade.
A regiment Un régiment.
A battalion Un bataillon.
A company Une compagnie.
A platoon Un peloton.
A section Une section.
A squad Une escouade.
A detachment Un détachement.
Barracks Une caserne.
A camp Un camp (more or less permanent).
Un campement (temporary).
A cantonment Un cantonnement.
Line (Une) ligne.
Column (Une) colonne.
As skirmishers En tirailleurs.
Follow me, as skirmishers A moi, en tirailleurs.
Scouts Des éclaireurs.
A patrol Une patrouille.
The advance guard L'avant-garde.
The rear guard L'arrière-garde.
Flankers Des flanc-gardes.
The main body Le gros (de la colonne).
Combat train Le train de combat.
Field train Le train régimentaire.
Outposts Des avant-postes.
Cossack posts Des avant-postes à la cosaque.
A sentinel Une sentinelle.
Un factionnaire.
On post En faction.
De faction.
Guard mounting La garde montante (also _new
guard_).
The sentinel challenges: "Halt! La sentinelle crie: "Halte! Qui
Who's there?" vive?"
The answer is: "France" La réponse est: "France."
Advance with the countersign Avance au ralliement.
(The person challenged gives the _mot d'ordre_, which is the name of
some general, and the sentinel replies with the _mot de ralliement_,
which is the name of a battle or a city.)
Go away; you can't pass (Passe) au large.
Halt, or I fire Halte, ou je fais feu.
Put down your arms Déposez vos armes.
Hands up! Levez les bras.
Face about (Faites) demi-tour.
Come here Venez ici.
A spy Un espion.
A flag of truce Un drapeau blanc.
Un drapeau parlementaire.
UNIFORMS, ARMS, CLOTHING, AND EQUIPMENT.
Clothing Les vêtements, l'habillement.
Change your clothes Changez de vêtements.
Overcoat (worn by French
infantry) Une capote.
Trousers Un pantalon.
Breeches Une culotte.
Shirt Une chemise.
Blouse Un dolman, une vareuse.
Cap Un képi.
Campaign hat (United States) Un (chapeau de) feutre.
Helmet Un casque (de tranchée).
Cap with visor worn by French
off duty. Un bonnet de police.
Tam-o'-shanter worn by Alpine
chasseurs. Un béret.
Shoes in general. Des chaussures.
Service shoes Des brodequins.
Leggins Des guêtres.
Wrap putties Des bandes molletières.
Leather putties Des houseaux (or housseaux).
Full-dress uniform La grande tenue.
Dress uniform La petite tenue.
Field uniform La tenue de campagne.
Overcoat (mounted men) Un manteau.
Overcoat (officers) Un manteau.
Un manteau-capote.
Fatigue coat Le bourgeron.
Fatigue trousers (overalls) Un pantalon de treillis.
Fatigue uniform La tenue de corvée.
Magazine rifle Un fusil à répétition.
The barrel Le canon.
The bolt Le verrou.
The ramrod La baguette.
The butt La crosse.
The gun sling La bretelle.
The trigger La détente.
Rear sight La hausse.
Front sight Le guidon.
A bayonet Une baïonnette.
Rosalie (slang).
Ball cartridge Une cartouche à balle.
Blank cartridge Une cartouche à blanc.
Dummy cartridge Une fausse cartouche.
Belt Un ceinturon.
Cartridge box Une cartouchière.
First-aid packet Un paquet de pansement.
The pack Le sac.
A haversack Un étui-musette.
Canteen Un bidon.
Tin cup Un quart.
Mess can Une gamelle.
Equipment L'équipement.
Compass Une boussole.
Field glasses Des jumelles (de campagne).
Whistle Un sifflet.
Revolver Un revolver.
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE ROADS, ETC.
Pardon me, sir, do you speak Pardon, monsieur, parlez-vous
English? anglais?
(German, French, Italian, Russian) (Allemand, français, italien,
russe.)
All right, then show me, please, Très bien, alors indiquez-moi, je
the road to ---- vous prie, le chemin de ----.
Is it far from here? Est-ce loin d'ici?
How long does it take to go Combien faut-il de temps pour y
there? aller?
How many kilometers? Combien de kilomètres?
Is there a short cut? (road) Y a-t-il un chemin de traverse?
Is there a short cut? (trail) Y a-t-il un sentier plus court?
Where does this road go? Où mène cette route?
Are we on the right road to go Sommes-nous sur le bon chemin
to ----? pour aller à ----?
Does this road go through Compiègne? Cette route passe-t-elle par
Compiègne?
Shall we find any villages on Trouverons-nous des villages sur
our road? notre chemin?
Are there any other roads going Y a-t-il d'autres chemins pour
to ----? aller à ----?
Is this road in good condition? Cette route est-elle en bon état?
Are there hills? Y a-t-il des côtes (des coteaux)?
Are they steep? Sont-elles raides?
Does the road go through open La route, traverse-t-elle un pays
or wooded country? découvert ou boisé?
Can we get through with artillery? Peut-on passer avec de
l'artillerie?
Can we get through with heavily Peut-on passer avec de grosses
loaded wagons (auto voitures chargées (avec des
trucks)? camions-automobiles)?
Is this road practicable for artillery? Cette route est-elle praticable
pour l'artillerie?
Can infantry march on the sides L'infanterie peut-elle marcher
of the roads? sur les côtés de la route?
Is the ground practicable Le terrain est-il praticable?
Is the ground marshy Le terrain est-il marécageux?
What is the nature of the ground Quelle est la nature du sol?
Does the telegraph line follow Est-ce que la ligne télégraphique
this road as far as X? (le télégraphe) suit cette
route jusqu'à X?
Where does your railroad come
from? D'où vient votre chemin de fer?
Where does it go to? Où va-t-il?
Is it single tracked or double Est-il à une voie ou à deux voies
tracked the whole way? sur tout le parcours?
Where is the station? Is it far? Où est la gare? Est-elle loin
d'ici?
How can the river be crossed? Comment peut-on passer la
rivière?
Is there a bridge? a ferry? Y a-t-il un pont? un bac?
Are there fords? Y a-t-il des passages à gué
(des gués)?
Can we get boats? Peut-on trouver des bateaux?
In that wood are there clearings, Dans ce bois, y a-t-il des
ravines, brooks, marshes, pools? clairières, des ravins, des
ruisseaux, des mares?
Are there any places near here Y a-t-il des endroits près d'ici
for watering horses? pour abreuver les chevaux?
Is the water good? L'eau est-elle bonne?
Is this water drinkable? Est-ce de l'eau potable?
Are there watering troughs? Y a-t-il des abreuvoirs?
Where is there good grass for the Où y a-t-il de bonne herbe pour
animals? les animaux?
Can we buy provisions? Peut-on acheter des vivres?
Is there a field where we can Y a-t-il un champ où nous pouvons
camp? camper (installer notre
campement)?
Can you give me any information Pouvez-vous me donner des
about the enemy? renseignements sur l'ennemi?
Please find me a guide who Veuillez me trouver un guide qui
knows the country? connaisse le pays.
We are going to follow this trail
(tracks). Nous allons suivre cette piste.
Crossroads Un carrefour.
TOWNS.
Where is the post-office and Où est le bureau des postes et
telegraph office? télégraphes?
The postmaster Le directeur des postes et
télégraphes.
The mail Le courrier.
When was the last mail distributed? A quelle heure a-t-on fait la
dernière distribution?
General delivery Poste restante.
Are there any letters for ----? Y a-t-il des lettres pour ----?
I should like to send a telegram. Je voudrais expédier un
télégramme.
Have you received a telegram Avez-vous reçu un télégramme
for ----? (une dépêche) pour ----?
A telegraph instrument Un appareil (télégraphique).
Can you tell me where the Pourriez-vous me dire où se
mayor's office is? trouve la mairie?
I couldn't tell you; I am a Je ne saurais vous renseigner;
stranger here. je ne connais pas la ville.
Good morning, sir, are you the Bonjour, Monsieur, êtes-vous le
mayor? maire?
No, sir, I am his assistant. Non, Monsieur, je suis son adjoint.
I should like to speak to the Je voudrais parler au maire lui-même.
mayor himself.
Listen, sir. A detachment will Écoutez, monsieur. Un détachement
arrive here to-morrow morning arrivera, ici demain matin
at 5 o'clock. à cinq heures.
Can you arrange to lodge 2,000 Pouvez-vous prendre des dispositions
men for two days? pour loger 2,000 hommes
pendant deux jours?
A policeman Un sergent de ville, un agent de
la paix.
RAILROADS.
The station agent Le chef de gare.
The conductor Le conducteur.
The engineer Le mécanicien.
The fireman Le chauffeur.
The brakeman Le serre-freins.
The telegraph operator Le télégraphiste.
An engine Une locomotive.
Passenger cars Des wagons (de voyageurs).
Flat cars Des trucks.
Box cars Des wagons de marchandises.
Stock cars Des wagons à bestiaux.
An express train Un train express.
A through train Un train direct.
A local train Un train omnibus.
A passenger train Un train de voyageurs.
A freight train Un train de marchandises.
To entrain the troops Embarquer les troupes.
To detrain the troops Débarquer les troupes.
To get on a train Monter dans un train.
To get off a train Descendre d'un train.
The railroad track La voie (ferrée).
A side track Une voie de garage.
A ticket Un billet.
A round trip ticket Un billet d'aller et retour.
One way only Aller seulement.
The ticket window Le guichet.
At what time does the Paris A quelle heure part le train pour
train start? Paris?
It is late (15 minutes late). Il est en retard (de quinze minutes).
Do we have to change cars? Faut-il changer de train?
The train stops Le train s'arrête.
All aboard! En voiture!
The train starts Le train s'ébranle.
RATIONS AND FOOD.
Provisions (in general) Les vivres.
The ration La ration.
Fresh beef De la viande fraîche.
Bacon Du lard.
Flour De la farine.
Soft bread Du pain frais.
Hard bread (crackers) Du biscuit.
Field bread Du pain de guerre.
Corn meal De la farine de maïs.
Coffee Du café.
Sugar Du sucre.
Eggs Des oeufs.
Chickens Des poulets.
Potatoes Des pommes de terre.
Peas Des pois.
String beans Des haricots verts.
Vegetables (in general) Des légumes.
An apple Une pomme.
A pear Une poire.
A cherry Une cerise.
A peach Une pêche.
Cheese Du fromage.
Wine Du vin.
Beer De la bière.
A glass of beer Un bock.
I am hungry. J'ai faim.
Bring me something to eat, Apportez-moi quelque chose à
please. manger, s'il vous plaît.
I am thirsty. J'ai soif.
Please give me, a glass of water. Veuillez me donner un verre d'eau.
Waiter, I'll take a beefsteak. Garçon, je désire un bifteck.
Some black coffee Du café noir.
Coffee with milk Du café au lait.
Rolls Des petits pains.
Crescent rolls Des croissants.
HOSPITALS.
A field hospital Une ambulance.
A hospital (in general) Un hôpital (plural: des hôpitaux).
A dressing station Un poste de secours.
A first-aid dressing Un pansement sommaire.
Red Cross La Croix Rouge.
A doctor Un médecin.
Un docteur.
A surgeon Un chirurgien.
A military surgeon Un (médecin) major.
Assistant surgeon Un aide-major.
A male nurse, hospital corps man Un infirmier.
A female nurse Une infirmière.
An ambulance Une ambulance.
A stretcher (litter) Un brancard.
A litter bearer Un brancardier.
A roll of bandages Un rouleau de bandage.
A first-aid packet Un paquet de pansement.
A wounded man Un blessé.
I am sick Je suis malade.
I have a fever J'ai la fièvre.
I have chills and fever J'ai des frissons de fièvre.
I am constipated Je suis constipé.
I have diarrhea J'ai la diarrhée.
POINTS OF THE COMPASS.
North Le nord.
South Le sud.
East L'est.
West L'ouest.
Northeast Le nord-est.
Southeast Le sud-est.
Northwest Le nord-ouest.
Southwest Le sud-ouest.
TRENCH WARFARE.
Trench warfare La guerre des tranchées.
La guerre de position.
La guerre de taupe (_moles_).
Trench Une tranchée.
Communication trench Un boyau (de communication).
The parapet Le parapet.
A loophole Un créneau.
Une meurtrière.
A grenade Une grenade.
A grenadier, bomber Un grenadier.
Barbed wire Du fil de fer barbelé.
Barbed wire entanglement Un réseau de fils de fer barbelés.
Trench mortar Un mortier.
Un crapouillaud.
_Minenwerfer_ (German).
Bomb Une bombe.
Howitzer Un obusier.
Machine gun Une mitrailleuse.
Fieldpiece Une pièce de campagne.
75 millimeter field gun Une pièce de soixante-quinze.
Siege gun Une pièce de siège.
120 long Cent vingt long.
120 short Cent vingt court.
77 (German) Soixante-dix-sept (allemand).
Shell Un obus.
Une marmite (slang).
Un colis à domicile (slang).
Shrapnel Un shrapnell.
Un rageur (slang).
Periscope Un périscope.
Trench knife Un couteau de tranchée.
Dugout Un abri dans les tranchées.
Un cagibi (slang).
Une cagna (slang)
Un gourbi (slang).
Une guitoune (slang).
NOTE.--In addressing an officer of grade superior to his own, an
officer must use the possessive adjective; a senior addressing a
junior uses the title of the grade only. Thus: A major to a
colonel says "Mon colonel," but the colonel to the major would
say "Commandant."
APPENDIX.
FORM FOR LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT.
Last Will and Testament
OF
_____________________________________________________________________
_I_, __________________________________________________________________
_of_ _____________________________________________________________________
_do make, publish, and declare this my last will and testament.
I give, devise, and bequeath to_[16] _______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[Footnote 16: Here insert specific legacies and devises.]
_And I do give, devise, and bequeath all the rest and residue of
my estate, both real and personal, to_ ___________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_heirs and assigns forever_,[17] ____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[Footnote 17: If the residue of the estate is given to
several persons, add here the manner in which it is to be
divided, as "in equal shares as tenants in common."]
_I hereby appoint_____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________ _executor
of this my last will and testament, and I desire that_ ______________________
_shall not be required to give bond for the performance of the
duties of that office_.
_Witness my hand this_[18]_________________________________________________
[Footnote 18: If the will is made in Nevada, or if the
testator has real estate in that State, he should affix his
seal.]
_day of_ __________________________________, _191_
______________________________________________
_Signed, published, and declared by_ ______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_the above-named testator, as and for his last will and testament,
in the presence of us, who, at his request and in his
presence, and in the presence of each other, have subscribed
our names as witnesses thereto._[19]_
_________________________________________________________
Residence: _____________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Residence: _____________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Residence: _____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[Footnote 19: If the will is made in Louisiana, unless it is
wholly in the handwriting of the testator, there should be
seven witnesses and a notary at the "sealing up." If wholly
in his handwriting, no formalities are required.]
INDEX.
Abbreviations on maps, 323
Advance guards, 210
Advance party of advance guard, 211
Advice to riflemen, 241
Aiming rifle, 235
Alignments, 235
Ammunition, 20
Arm signals, 154
Arms (_see_ Field kit), 30
Articles of War:
Extracts from, 353
Reading, 353
Assembling Infantry equipment, 33
Ball cartridges, 20
Battle sight, 20
Bayonet, manual of:
Attacks, 75
Combat, 84
Combined movements, 83
Defenses, 79
Fencing exercises, 85
Foot movements, 85
General rules, 85
Instruction without bayonet, 81
Instruction with rifle, 74
Instruction without rifle, 74
Suggestions for fencing at will, 93
Blanket roll, 33
Calling the shot, 241
Care of feet, 47
Care of rifle, 21
Company, school of:
Close order drill--
Alignments, 146
Cossack post, 215
Course in small-arms firing, 243
Courtesies in conversation, 18
Courtesy, military, 13
English-French vocabularies, 371
Equipment:
Assembling, 33
Part of, 33
Facings, 61
Feet, care of, 47
Field kit, 30
Field service:
Outposts--
Combat, 181
Principles of Infantry training, 180
Fire:
Control, 192
Direction, 191
Discipline, 192
Ranges, 193
Firing with rests, 243
First-aid rules, 338
Flank guards, 213
Forage ration, 41
Form for last will and testament, 389
French-English vocabulary, 371
Guard duty (extracts from Manual of Interior):
Classification of interior guards, 255
Color sentinels, 271
Commander of the guard, 258
Compliments from guards, 284
Corporal of the guard, 266
Countersigns, 282
Details, 255
Flags, 296
Guard mounting, 259
Formal, 256
Informal, 256
Guard patrols, 283
Guarding prisoners, 289
Introduction, 254
Musician of the guard, 271
Orderlies, 271
Orders for sentinels, 273
Paroles, 282
Prisoners, 286
Privates of the guard, 273
Relieving the old guard, 306
Retreat gun, 298
Reveille gun, 298
Rosters, 255
Sergeant of the guard, 263
Watchmen, 283
Guard mounting, 298
Formal, 299
Informal, 297
Hygiene, personal, 43
Individual cooking, 30
Recipes, 34
International Morse code, 327
Laws governing Army, 350
Line of observation, 102
Loadings and firings, 95
Loyalty, 11
Manual of arms, 30
Manual of the Bayonet. (_See_ Bayonet, Manual of.)
Manual of Interior Guard Duty. (_See_ Guard duty.)
Manual of Tent Pitching. (_See_ Tent Pitching, Manual of.)
Maps:
Abbreviations, 323
Contours, 313
Datum plane, 314
Directions, 309
Distances, 312
Ground forms, 316
Hachures, 314
Making (sketching), 322
Orienting, 311
Reading, 313
Ridges, 317
Scales, 313
Signs, 323
Slopes, 315
Stream lines, 319
Valleys, 316
Vertical intervals, 315
Marching, 223
Preparation for, 223
Markmanship, preliminary training, 233
Message blanks, 235
Metal fouling solution for cleaning rifle, 26
Military courtesy, 13
Morse, international code. (_See_ General service code.)
National anthem, 17
Noncommissioned officers:
Corporal of guard, 352
Insignia, 353
Precedence, 352
Rank, 353
Sergeant of guard, 352
Oath of enlistment, 9
Obedience, 9
Observation, line of. (_See_ Line of observation.)
Officers:
Insignia, 353
Precedence, 352
Rank, 353
Orienting maps, 311
Outguards, 215
Outposts, 213
Pack, 35
Close, 35
Open, 35
Patrolling, 199
Patrols:
Advance guards, 210
Outposts, 213
Personal hygiene, 43
Pickets, 215
Pistol:
Cleaning, 104
Practice, 104
Rations:
Carried on person, 37
Cooking, 37
Emergency, 41
Forage, 41
Grain, 42
Kinds of, 38
Reading maps, 309
Rear guards, 312
Regulations governing Army, 350
Rifle:
Aiming, 242
Care of, 241
Cleaning, 242
Coordination in firing, 241
Trenches, 219
Salutes:
Hand, 14
Rifle, 14
Saber, 15
Sentinels, 16
Saluting, 13
Rules governing, 15
Scales on maps, 324
Soda solution for cleaning rifle, 26
Soldier, school of:
Duties of instructor, 57
Eyes right or left, 61
Facings, 61
Instruction without arms, 58
Manual of arms, 30
Position of the soldier on attention, 59
Rifle salute, 71
Salute with the hand, 14
Salute with saber, 16
Steps and marchings, 61
Back step, 64
Change step, 65
Quick time, 62
Side step, 63
The half step, 63
To halt, 64
To march by the flank, 64
To march to the rear, 64
To mark time, 63
The bayonet, 75
The inspection, 72
The rests, 70
To dismiss the squad, 72
Solutions for cleaning rifle, 26
Squad, school of:
Alignments, 146
Instruction, 74
Kneeling and lying down, 74
Loadings and firings, 95
Observation, 102
The assembly, 172
The oblique march, 158
The use of cover, 101
To cease firing, 100
To deploy as skirmishers, 169
To fire at will, 99
To fire by clip, 99
To fire by volley, 98
To form squad, 142
To load, 96
To set the sight, 98
To stack and take arms, 73
To suspend firing, 99
To take intervals and distance, 65
To unload, 97
Steps and marchings, 61
Subsistence. (_See_ Rations.)
Surplus kit, 32
Swabbing solution for cleaning rifle, 26
Target practice:
Advice to riflemen, 241
Aiming rifle, 235
Battle sight, 236
Calling the shot, 240
Coordination, 241
Firing positions, 238
Preliminary training in markmanship, 233
Sight adjustment, 233
Table of sight corrections, 235
Targets, 244
The course in small-arms firing, 243
Trigger squeeze, 237
Targets, 244
Tent Pitching, Manual of:
Conical wall tent, 177
Folding tents, 178
Pitch all type Army tents (except shelter and conical wall tents), 176
Striking tents, 178
Trigger squeeze, 237
Two-arm semaphore code, 231
Uniforms, 27
Care of, 27
Disposing of, 27
Dress, 28
Full dress, 28
How worn, 28
Service, 28
Use of cover, 101
Visual signaling (_see_ Signals):
In general, 328
Flag, 329
Vocabulary--English-French, 391
[Transcriber's note: Obvious printer's errors have been corrected.
Hyphenation and accentuation have been standardised, all other
inconsistencies are as in the original. The author's spelling has been
maintained.
Bold text is marked with =.]