Semitic.--POLYGLOTTS.--Thurneissius, Berolini, 1585, fol.: Thorndike,
London, 1635, fol.: Schindler, Pentaglotton, Frankf, ad M. 1653, fol.:
Hottinger, Heptaglotton, ib. 1661, fol.: Castellus, London, 1669, fol.
2 vols. (Hebrew, Chaldaic, Syriac, Samaritan, Aethiopic and Arabic in
one alphabet; Persian separately. It occupied him for seventeen years,
during which he worked sixteen to eighteen hours a day): Otho, Frankf.
a. M. 1702, 4to (the same languages with Rabbinical).
Hebrew.--About 875, Zemah, head of the school of Pumbeditha, wrote a
Talmudical dictionary of words and things, arranged in alphabetical
order, which is lost. About 880, Jehudah ben 'Alan, of Tiberias, and
Jehudah ibn Koreish, of Tahurt, in Morocco wrote Hebrew dictionaries.
Saadia ben Joseph (born 892, died 942), of Fayum, in Upper Egypt,
wrote [Hebrew: Kefer Igaron], probably a Hebrew-Arabic dictionary.
Menahem ben Jacob Ibn Sar[=u]q (born 910, died about 970), of Tortosa
and Cordova, wrote a copious Hebrew dictionary, first printed by
Herschell F. Filipowski, Edinburgh, 1855, 8vo, from five MSS. David
ben Abraham, of F[=a]s, wrote, in Arabic, a large Hebrew dictionary,
the MS. of which, a quarto of 313 leaves on cotton paper, was found
about 1830 by A. Firkowitz, of Eupatoria, in the cellar of a Qaraite
synagogue in Jerusalem. The age of this work cannot be ascertained.
About 1050, Ali ben Suleiman wrote a dictionary in Arabic, on the plan
of that of David ben Abraham. The MS. of 429 leaves belongs to
Firkowitz. Haja ben Sherira, the famous teacher of the Academy of
Pumbeditha, wrote a Hebrew dictionary in Arabic, called _al H[=a]vi_
(The Gathering), arranged alphabetically in the order of the last
radical letter. This dictionary is lost, as well as that of the
Spaniard Isaac ben Saul, of Lucena. Iona ibn Ganah, of Cordova, born
about 985, wrote a Hebrew dictionary in Arabic called _Kit[=a]b al
Azul_ (Book of Roots). This, as well as a Hebrew translation by Samuel
ibn Tab[=o]n, is extant in MS., and was used by Gesenius in his
_Thesaurus_. Rabbi David ben Joseph Kimhi died soon after 1232. His
lexicon of roots, called [Hebrew: Shorashim], was printed at Naples
1490, fol.; Constantinople, 1513, fol.; Naples, 1491, 8vo; Venice,
1552; Berolini, 1838, 4to. _Tishbi_ (The Tishbite), by Elijah ben
Asher, the Levite, so called because it contained 712 roots, was
printed at Isny 1541, 8vo and 4to, and often afterwards.
LATIN.--Munster, Basileae, 1523, 8vo; 5 editions to 1564: Zamora,
Compluti, 1526, fol.: Pellicanus, Argentorati, 1540, fol.: Reuchlin,
Basil, 1556, fol.: Avenarius, Wittebergae, 1568, fol.; auctus, 1589:
Pagnini, Lugd. Bat. 1575, fol.; 1577; Genevae, 1614; Buxtorf, Basil.
1607, 8vo; 1615, and many other editions: Frey (Lat.-Eng.), 2nd ed.
London, 1815, 8vo: Gesenius, _Thesaurus_, Leipz. 1829-1858, 4to, 3
vols. ENGLISH.--Bale, London, 1767, 4to: Parkhurst, ib. 1792, 4to:
Lee, ib. 1840, 8vo: Gesenius, translated by Robinson, ib. 1844, 8vo;
by Tregelles, ib. 1846, 4to: Fuerst, 4th ed. transl. by Davidson, ib.
1866, 8vo: 1871, 8vo, 1547 pages. FRENCH.--Leigh, Amst. 1703, 4to:
Glaire, Paris, 1830, 8vo; 1843. GERMAN.--Gesenius, Leipzig, 1810-1812,
8vo, 2 vols.: Fuerst, ib. 1842, 16mo: ib. 1876, 8vo, 2 vols.
ITALIAN.--Modena, Venetia, 1612, 4to; 1640; Coen, Reggio, 1811, 8vo:
Fontanella, Venezia, 1824, 8vo. DUTCH.--Waterman, Rotterdam, 1859,
&c., 8vo. HUNGARIAN.--Ehrentheil (Pentateuch), Pest, 1868, 8vo.
ROMAIC.--Loundes, Melite. 1845, 8vo, 987 pages.
Rabbinical and Chaldee.--Nathan ben Yehiel of Rome wrote in the
beginning of the 12th century a Talmudic dictionary, _Aruch_, printed
1480 (?), s. l., fol.; Pesaro, 1517, fol.; Venice, 1531; and often:
Isaiah ben Loeb, Berlin, wrote a supplement to _Aruch_, vol. i.
Breslau, 1830, 8vo; vol. ii. ([Hebrew: L] to [Hebrew: T]), Wien, 1859,
8vo: Munster, Basil. 1527, 4to, 1530, fol.: Elijah ben Asher, the
Levite, transl. by Fagius, Isnae, 1541, fol.; Venet. 1560: David ben
Isaac de Pomis, _Zamah David_, Venet. 1587, fol.: Buxtorf,
Basileae, 1639, fol.: ed. Fischer, Leipz. 1866-1875, 4to: Otho,
Geneva, 1675, 8vo; Altona, 1757, 8vo: Zanolini, Patavii, 1747, 8vo:
Hornheim, Halle, 1807, 8vo: Landau, Prag, 1819-1824, 8vo, 5 vols.:
Dessauer, Erlangen, 1838, 8vo: Nork (i.e. Korn), Grimma, 1842, 4to:
Schonhak, Warschau, 1858, 8vo, 2 vols. TARGUMS.--Levy, Leipzig,
1866-68 4to, 2 vols.; 1875: Id. (Eng.), London, 1869, 8vo, 2 vols.
TALMUD.--Lowy (in Heb.), Wien, 1863, 8vo: Levy, Leipzig, 1876, &c.,
4to. PRAYER-BOOK.--Hecht, Kreuznach, 1860, 8vo: Nathan, Berlin, 1854,
12mo. SYNONYMS.--Pantavitius, Lodevae, 1640, fol. FOREIGN
WORDS.--Rabeini, Lemberg, 1857, 8vo, &c. JEWISH-GERMAN.--Callenberg,
Halle, 1736, 8vo: Vollbeding, Hamburg, 1808, 8vo: Stern, Munchen,
1833, 8vo, 2 vols.: Theile, Berlin, 1842-1843, 8vo, 2 vols.:
Ave-Lallemant, _Das deutsche Gaunerthum_, Leipzig, 1858, 8vo, 4 vols.;
vol. iv. pp. 321-512.
Ph[oe]nician.--M. A. Levy, Breslau, 1864, 8vo.
Samaritan.--Crinesius, Altdorphi, 1613, 4to: Morini, Parisiis, 1657,
12mo: Hilligerus, Wittebergae, 1679, 4to: Cellarius, Cizae, 1682, 4to;
Frankof. 1705: Uhlemann, Leipsiae, 1837, 8vo: Nicholls, London, 1859,
8vo.
Assyrian.--Norris, London, 1868, 8vo, 3 vols. PROPER NAMES.--Menant,
Paris, 1861, 8vo.
Accadian.--Lenormant, Paris, 1875, 8vo.
Syriac.--Joshua ben Ali, a physician, who lived about 885, made a
Syro-Arabic lexicon, of which there is a MS. in the Vatican. Hoffmann
printed this lexicon from Alif to Mim, from a Gotha MS., Kiel, 1874,
4to. Joshua bar Bahlul, living 963, wrote another, great part of which
Castelli put into his lexicon. His MS. is now at Cambridge, and, with
those at Florence and Oxford, was used by Bernstein. Elias bar
Shinaya, born 975, metropolitan of Nisibis, 1009, wrote a Syriac and
Arabic lexicon, entitled _Kit[=a]b [=u]t Tarjuman fi Taalem Loghat es
S[=u]ri[=a]n_ (Book called the Interpreter for teaching the Language
of the Syrians), of which there is a MS. in the British Museum. It was
translated into Latin by Thomas a Novaria, a Minorite friar, edited by
Germanus, and published at Rome by Obicinus, 1636, 8vo. It is a
classified vocabulary, divided in 30 chapters, each containing several
sections. Crinesius, Wittebergae, 1612, 4to: Buxforf, Basileae, 1622,
4to: Ferrarius, Romae, 1622, 4to: Trost, Cothenis Anhaltor, 1643, 4to:
Gutbir, Hamburgi, 1667, 8vo: Schaaf, Lugd. Bat, 1708, 4to: Zanolini,
Patavii, 1742, 4to: Castellus, ed. Michaelis, Gottingen, 1788, 4to, 2
vols.: Bernstein, Berlin, 1857, &c. fol.: Smith (Robt. Paine), Dean of
Canterbury, Oxonii, 1868, &c. fol.: fasc. 1-3 contain 538 pages:
Zingerle, Romae, 1873, 8vo, 148 pages.
Arabic.--The native lexicons are very many, voluminous and copious. In
the preface to his great Arabic-English lexicon, Lane describes 33,
the most remarkable of which are-the _'Ain_, so called from the letter
which begins its alphabet, commonly ascribed to al Khalil (who died
before A.H. 175 [A.D. 791], aged seventy-four): the _Sihah_ of Jauhari
(died 398 [1003]): the _Mohkam_ of Ibn Sidah the Andalusian, who was
blind, and died A.H. 458 [A.D. 1066], aged about sixty: the _Asas_ of
Zamakhshari (born 467 [1075], died 538 [1144]), "a most excellent
repertory of choice words and phrases": the _Lis[=a]n el 'Arab_ of Ibn
Mukarram (born 630 [1232], died 711 [1311]); Lane's copy is in 28
vols. 4to: the _Kamus_ (The Sea) of Fairuzabadi (born 729 [1328], died
816 [1413]),: the _Taj el Arus_, by Murtada Ez Zebadi (born A.D. 1732,
died 1791)--the copy made for Lane is in 24 vols. thick 4to. The
_Sihah_ was printed Hardervici Getorum, 1774, 4to; Bulak, 1865, fol. 2
vols.: _Kamus_, Calcutta, 1817, fol. 2 vols.; Bombay, 1855, fol. 920
pages: _Sirr el Lagal_, by Farish esh Shidiac, Tunis, fol. 609 pages:
_Muh[=i]t al Muh[=i]t_, by Beitrus Al Bustani Beirut, 1867-1870, 2
vols. 4to, 2358 pages (abridged as _Katr Al Muhit_, ib. 1867-1869, 2
vols. 8vo, 2352 pages), is excellent for spoken Arabic. PERSIAN.--The
_Surah_, by Jumal, Calcutta, 1812-1815, 2 vols. 4to: _Samachsharii
Lexicon_, ed. Wetzstein, Leipz. 1845, 4to; 1850: _Muntakhal al
Loghat_, Calcutta, 1808; ib. 1836; Lucknow, 1845; Bombay, 1862, 8vo, 2
vols.: _Muntaha l'Arabi_, 4 vols. fol. 1840: _Shams al Loghat_,
Bombay, 1860, fol. 2 vols. 509 pages. TURKISH.--_Achteri Kabir_,
Constantinople. 1827, fol.: _El Kamus_, ib. 1816, fol. 3 vols.;
translated by Acan Effendi, Bulak, fol. 3 vols.; _El Sihah_,
translated by Al Vani, Constantinople, 1728, fol. 2 vols.: 1755-1756;
Scutari, 1802, fol. 2 vols. LATIN.--Raphelengius, Leiden, 1613, fol.:
Giggeius, Mediolani, 1632, fol. 4 vols.: Golius Lugd. Bat. 1653, fol.
(the best before Lane's): Jahn, Vindobonae, 1802, 8vo: Freytag, Halle,
1830-1838, 4 vols. 4to; abridged, ib. 1837, 4to. ENGLISH.--Catafago
(Arab.-Eng. and Eng.-Arab.), London, 1858, 8vo, 2 vols.; 2nd ed. 1873,
8vo: Lane, London, 1863-1893 (edited after Lane's death, from 1876, by
his grandnephew, Stanley Lane-Poole. The Arabic title is _Medd el
Kamoos_, meaning either the Flow of the Sea, or The Extension of the
Kamus. It was undertaken in 1842, at the suggestion and at the cost of
the 6th duke of Northumberland, then Lord Prudhoe, by Mr Lane, who
returned to Egypt for the purpose, and lived in Cairo for seven years
to study, and obtain copies of, the great MS. lexicons in the
libraries of the mosques, few of which had ever been seen by a
European, and which were so quickly disappearing through decay,
carelessness and theft, that the means of composing such a work would
not long have existed). Newman (modern), ib. 1872, 8vo, 2 vols. 856
pages. FRENCH.--Ruphy (Fr.-Ar.), Paris, 1802, 4to: Bochtor (do.),
Paris, 1828, 4to, 2 vols.; 2nd ed. ib. 1850: Roland de Bussy (Algiers,
Fr.-Ar.), Alger, 1835, 16mo: Id., 1836, 8vo; 1839: Berggren (Fr.-vulg.
Ar., Syria and Egypt.), Upsala, 1844, 4to: Farhat (Germanos), revu par
Rochaid ed Dahdah, Marseille, 1849, 4to: Biberstein Kasimirski, Paris,
1846, 8vo, 2 vols.; 1853-1856; 1860, 2 vols. 3032 pages: Marcel
(vulgar dialects of Africa), Paris, 1830; 1835, 8vo; 1837; enlarged,
1869, 8vo; Paulmier (Algeria), 2nd ed. Paris, 1860, 8vo, 931 pages;
1872: Bernard (Egypt), Lyon, 1864, 18mo: Cuche, Beirut, 1862, 8vo;
1867: Nar Bey (A. Calfa), 2nd ed. Paris, 1872, 12mo, 1042 pages:
Cherbonneau (written language), Paris, 1876, 2 vols. 8vo: Id.
(Fr.-Ar.), Paris, 1872, 8vo: Beausier (Algiers, Tunis, legal,
epistolary), Alger, 1871, 4to, 764 pages; 1873. GERMAN.--Seyfarth
(Algeria), Grimma, 1849, 16mo: Wolff (Mod. Ar.), Leipzig, 1867, 8vo:
Wahrmund (do.), Giessen, 1870-1875, 8vo, 4 vols. ITALIAN.--Germano,
Roma, 1636, 8vo; (Ar. Lat. It.), Romae, 1639, fol.: _Dizionario_,
Bulak. 1824, 4to: Schiaparelli, Firenze, 1871, 4to, 641 pages.
SPANISH.--Alcala, Grenada, 1505, 4to: Canes, Madrid, 1787, fol. 3
vols. SUFI TECHNICAL TERMS.--Abd Errahin, ed. Sprenger, Calcutta,
1845, 8vo. TECHNICAL TERMS OF THE MUSSULMAN SCIENCES.--Abd al Hagg and
Gholam Kadir, Calcutta, 1853-1862, 4to, 1593 pages. MEDICAL
TERMS.--Pharaon and Bertherand, Paris, 1860, 12mo. MATERIA
MEDICA.--Muhammed Abd Allah Shirazi, _Ulfaz Udwiyeh_, translated by
Gladwin (Eng. Pers. Hindi), Calcutta, 1793, 4to, 1441 words. NOMS DES
VETEMENTS.--Dozy, Amst. 1845, 8vo. WORTER IN ENTGEGENGESETZTEN
BEDEUTUNGEN.--Redslob, Gottingen, 1873, 8vo. KORAN.--Willmet (also in
Haririum et vitam Timuri), Lugd. Bat. 1784, 4to; Amst. 1790: Fluegel,
_Concordantia_, Leipz. 1842, 4to: Penrice, _Dictionary and Glossary_,
London, 1873, 4to. EL TABRIZI'S LOGIC.--Mir Abufeth (French), Bulak,
1842, 8vo. MALTESE.--Vassali, Romae, 1796, 4to: Falzon (Malt. Ital.
Eng.), Malta, _s.a._ 8vo: Vella, Livorno, 1843, 8vo.
Armenian.--Mechitar, Venice, 1749-1769, 4to, 2 vols.: Avedichiam,
Surmelian and Aucher (Aukerian), ib. 1836-1837, 4to, 2 vols.: Aucher,
ib. 1846, 4to. POLYGLOT.--Villa (Arm.-vulg., litteralis, Lat. Indicae
et Gallicae), Romae, 1780. GREEK AND LATIN.--Lazarists, Venice,
1836-1837, 4to, 2 vols. 2217 pages. LATIN.--Rivola, Mediolani, 1621,
fol.: Nierszesovicz, Romae, 1695, 4to; Villotte, ib. 1714, fol.:
Mechitar, Venetiae, 1747-1763, 4to, 2 vols. ENGLISH.--Aucher, Venice,
1821-1825, 4to, 2 vols. FRENCH.--Aucher, Venise, 1812-1817, 8vo, 2
vols.; (Fr.-Arm. Turc.), ib. 1840, 4to: Eminian, Vienna, 1853, 4to:
Calfa, Paris, 1861, 8vo, 1016 pages; 1872. ITALIAN.--Ciakciak,
Venezia, 1837, 4to. RUSSIAN.--Khudobashev [Khutapashian], Moskva,
1838, 8vo, 2 vols. RUSS. ARM.--Adamdarov, ib. 1821, 8vo: Popov, ib.
1841, 8vo, 2 vols. MODERN WORDS.--Riggs, Smyrna, 1847, 8vo.
Georgian.--Paolini (Ital.), Roma, 1629, 4to: Klaproth (Fr.), Paris,
1827, 8vo: Tshubinov (Russian, French), St Petersburg, 1840, 4to;
1846, 8vo, 2 vols. 1187 pages.
Circassian.--Loewe, London, 1854, 8vo.
Ossetic.--Sjorgen, St Petersb. 1844, 4to.
Kurd.--Garzoni, Roma, 1787, 8vo: Lerch (German), St Petersburg, 1857,
8vo: Id. (Russian), ib. 1856-1858, 8vo.
Persian.--_Burhani Qatiu_, arranged by J. Roebuck, Calcutta, 1818,
4to: _Burhan i Kati_, Bulak, 1836, fol.: Muhammed Kazim, Tabriz, 1844,
fol.: _Haft Kulzum_ (The Seven Seas), by Ghazi ed din Haidar, King of
Oude, Lucknow, 1822, fol. 7 vols. ARABIC.--_Shums ul Loghat_,
Calcutta, 1806, 4to, 2 vols. TURKISH.--Ibrahim Effendi, _Farhangi
Shu'uri_, ib. 1742, fol. 2 vols. 22,530 words, and 22,450 poetical
quotations: _Burhan Kati_, by Ibn Kalif, translated by Ahmed Asin
Aintabi, ib. 1799, fol.; Bulak, 1836, fol.: Hayret Effendi, ib. 1826,
8vo. ARMENIAN.--Douzean, Constantinople, 1826, fol. BENGALI.--Jay
Gopal, Serampore, 1818, 8vo. LATIN.--Vullers (Zend appendix), Bonnae
ad Rhen, 1855-1868, 4to, 2 vols. 2544 pages; Supplement of Roots,
1867, 142 pages. ENGLISH.--Gladwin, Malda in Bengal, 1780, 4to;
Calcutta, 1797: Kirkpatrick, London, 1785, 4to: Moises, Newcastle,
1794, 4to: Rousseau, London, 1802, 8vo; 1810: Richardson (Arab, and
Pers.), ib. 1780-1800, fol. 2 vols.; ed. Wilkins, ib. 1806-1810, 4to,
2 vols.; ed Johnson, ib. 1829, 4to: Ramdhen Sen, Calcutta, 1829, 8vo;
1831: Tucker (Eng.-Pers.), London, 1850, 4to: Johnson (Pers. and
Arab.), ib. 1852, 4to: Palmer, ib. 1876, 8vo, 726 pages.
FRENCH.--Handjeri (Pers. Arab. and Turkish), Moscou, 1841, 4to, 3
vols. 2764 pages: Berge, Leipzig, 1869, 12mo. GERMAN.--Richardson,
translated by Wahl as _Orientalische Bibliotheque_, Lemg, 1788-1792,
8vo, 3 vols. ITALIAN.--Angelus a S. Josepho [i.e. Labrosse] (Ital.
Lat. Fr.), Amst. 1684, fol.
Old Persian.--(Cuneiform), Benfey (German), Leipzig, 1847, 8vo:
Spiegel (id.), ib. 1862, 8vo: Kossovich (Latin), Petropoli, 1872, 8vo.
Zend.--Justi, Leipzig, 1864, 4to: Vullers, Persian Lexicon, Appendix:
Lagarde, Leipzig, 1868, 8vo.
Pahlavi.--_An old Pahlavi and Pazend Glossary_, translated by Destur
Hoshengi Jamaspji, ed. Haug, London, 1867, 8vo; 1870, 8vo: West,
Bombay, 1874, 8vo.
INDIAN TERMS.--_The Indian Vocabulary_, London, 1788, 16mo: Gladwin,
Calcutta, 1797, 4to: Roberts, London, 1800, 8vo: Rousseau, ib. 1802,
8vo: Roebuck (naval), ib. 1813, 12mo: C. P. Brown, _Zillah Dict._,
Madras, 1852, 8vo: Robinson (Bengal Courts), Calcutta, 1854, 8vo;
1860: Wilson, London, 1855, 4to: Fallon, Calcutta, 1858, 8vo.
Sanskrit.--Amarasimha (lived before A.D. 1000), _Amarakosha_ Calcutta,
1807, 8vo; ib. 1834, 4to; Bombay, 1860, 4to; Lucknow, 1863, 4to;
Madras, 1870, 8vo, in Grantha characters; Cottayam, 1873, 8vo, in
Malaylim characters; Benares, 1867, fol. with _Amaraviveka_, a
commentary by Mahesvara: Rajah Radhakanta Deva, _Sabdakalpadruma_,
Calcutta, 1821-1857, 4to, 8 vols. 8730 pages: 2nd ed. 1874, &c.:
Bhattachdrya, _Sabdastoma Mahanidhi_, Calcutta, 1869-1870, 8vo, parts
i.-vii. 528 pages: _Abhidhanaratnamala_, by Halayudha, ed. Aufrecht,
London, 1861, 8vo: VACHASPATYA, by Taranatha Tarkavachaspati,
Calcutta, 1873, &c., 4to (parts i.-vii., 1680 pages).
BENGALI.--_Sabdasindhu_, Calcutta, 1808: _Amarakosa_, translated by
Ramodoyu Bidjalunker, Calcutta, 1831, 4to: Mathurana Tarkaratna,
_Sabdasandarbhasindhu_, Calcutta, 1863, 4to. MARATHI.--Ananta Sastri
Talekar, Poona, 1853, 8vo, 495 pages: Madhava Chandora, Bombay, 1870,
4to, 695 pages. TELUGU.--_Amarakosha_, Madras, 1861, ed. Kala, with
_Gurubalala prabodhika_, a commentary, ib. 1861, 4to; with the same,
ib. 1875, 4to, 516 pages; with _Amarapadaparijata_ (Sans. and Tel.),
by Vavilla Ramasvani Sastri, ib. 1862, 4to; ib. 1863, 8vo; 3rd ed. by
Jaganmohana Tarkalankara and Khetramohana, 1872, &c., parts i.-iv. 600
pages: Suria Pracasa Row, _Sarva-Sabda-Sambodhini_, ib. 1875, 4to,
1064 pages. TIBETAN AND MONGOL.--Schiefner, _Buddhistische Triglotte_,
St Petersburg, 1859, fol., the _Vyupatti_ or _Mahavyupatti_ from the
_Tanguir_, vol. 123 of the Sutra. LATIN.--Paulinus a Sancto
Bartholomeo, Amarasinha, sectio i. de coelo, Romae, 1798, 4to: Bopp.
Berlin, 1828-1830, 4to; 2nd ed. 1840-1844; 3rd, 1866, 4to.
ENGLISH.--_Amarakosha_, trans. by Colebrooke, Serampore, 1808, 4to;
1845, 8vo: Rousseau, London, 1812, 4to: Wilson, Calcutta, 1819, 4to;
2nd ed. 1832: ed. Goldstucker, Berlin, 1862, &c., folio, to be in 20
parts: Yates, Calcutta, 1846, 4to: Benfey, London, 1865, 8vo: Ram
Jasen, Benares, 1871, 8vo, 713 pages: Williams, Oxford, 1872, 4to.
ENGLISH-SANSKRIT.--Williams, London, 1851, 4to. FRENCH.--Amarakosha,
transl. by Loiseleur Deslongchamps, Paris, 1839-1845, 8vo, 2 vols. 796
pages: Burnouf and Leupol, Nancy, 1863-1864, 8vo. GERMAN.--Bohtlingk
and Roth, St Petersb. 1853, &c., 4to, 7 vols. to 1875.
ITALIAN.--Gubernatis, Torino, 1856, &c. 8vo, unfinished, 2 parts.
RUSSIAN.--Kossovich, St Petersburg, 1859, 8vo. ROOTS.--Wilkins,
London, 1815, 4to: Rosen, Berolini, 1827, 8vo: Westergaard, Bonnae,
1840-1841, 8vo: Vishnu Parasurama Sastri Pandita (Sans. and Marathi),
Bombay, 1865, 8vo: Taranatha Tarkavachaspati, _Dhatupadarsa_,
Calcutta, 1869, 8vo: Leupol, Paris, 1870, 8vo.
SYNONYMS.--_Abhidhanacintamani_, by Hemachadra, ed. Colebrooke,
Calcutta, 1807, 8vo; translated by Bohtlingk and Rieu (German), St
Petersburg, 1847, 8vo. HOMONYMS.--Medinikara, _Medinikosha_, Benares,
1865, 4to; Calcutta, 1869, 8vo; ib. 1872, 8vo. DERIVATIVES.--Hirochand
and Rooji Rangit, _Dhatumanjari_, Bombay, 1865, 8vo. TECHNICAL TERMS
OF THE NYAYA PHILOSOPHY.--_Nyayakosa_, by Bhimacharya Jhalakikar
(Sanskrit), Bombay, 1875, 8vo, 183 pages. RIG VEDA.--Grassmann,
Leipzig, 1873-1875, 8vo.
Bengali.--Manoel, Lisboa, 1743, 8vo: Forster, Calcutta, 1799-1802,
4to, 2 vols. 893 pages: Carey, Serampore, 1815-1825, 4to, 2 vols.; ed.
Marshman, ib. 1827-1828, 8vo, 2 vols.; 3rd ed. ib. 1864-1867, 8vo;
abridged by Marshman, ib. 1865, 8vo; ib. 1871, 8vo, 2 vols. 936 pages:
Morton, Calcutta, 1828, 8vo: Houghton, London, 1833, 4to: Adea,
_Shabdabudhi_, Calcutta, 1854, 604 pages. ENGLISH.--Ram Comul Sen, ib.
1834, 4to, 2 vols.; London, 1835, 4to: D'Rozario, Calcutta, 1837, 8vo:
Adea, _Abhidan_, Calcutta, 1854, 761 pages. ENGLISH LAT.--Ramkissen
Sen, ib. 1821, 4to. ENG.-BENG. AND MANIPURI.--[Gordon], Calcutta,
1837, 8vo.
Canarese.--Reeve, Madras, 1824-1832, 4to, 2 vols.; ed. Sanderson,
Bangalore, 1858, 8vo, 1040 pages; abridged by the same, 1858, 8vo, 276
pages: _Dictionarium Canarense_, Bengalori, 1855, 8vo: _School
Dictionary_, Mangalore, 1876, 8vo, 575 pages.
Dardic Languages.--Leitner (Astori, Ghilghiti, Chilasi, and dialects
of Shina, viz. Arnyia, Khajuna and Kalasha), Lahore, 1868, 4to.
Guzarati.--(English) Mirza Mohammed Cauzim, Bombay, 1846, 4to;
Shapurji Edalji, ib. 1868, 8vo, 896 pages: Karsandas Mulji, ib. 1868,
8vo, 643 pages.
Hindi.--Rousseau, London, 1812, 4to: Adam, Calcutta, 1829, 8vo:
Thompson, ib. 1846, 8vo: J. D. Bate, London, 1876, 8vo, 809 pages.
ENGLISH.--Adam, Calcutta, 1833, 8vo. ENGLISH, URDU AND
HINDI.--Mathuraprasada Mirsa, Benares, 1865, 8vo, 1345 pages.
Hindustani.--Ferguson, London, 1773, 4to: Gilchrist, Calcutta, 1800,
8vo; ed. Hunter, Edinb. 1810; Lond. 1825: Taylor, Calcutta, 1808, 4to,
2 vols.: Gladwin (Persian and Hind.), Calcutta, 1809, 8vo, 2 vols.:
Shakespeare, London, 1817, 4to; 1820; 1834; 1849: Forbes, London,
1847, 8vo; 1857: Bertrand (French), Paris, 1858, 8vo: Brice, London,
1864, 12mo: Fallon, Banaras, 1876, &c., to be in about 25 parts and
1200 pages. ENGLISH.--Gilchrist, 1787-1780, 4to, 2 parts: Thompson,
Serampore, 1838, 8vo.
Kashmiri.--Elmslie, London, 1872, 12mo.
Khassia.--Roberts, Calcutta, 1875, 12mo.
Malayalim.--Fabricius and Breithaupt, Weperg, 1779, 4to: Bailey,
Cottayam, 1846, 8vo: Gundert, Mangalore, 1871, 8vo, 1171 pages.
Marathi.--Carey, Serampore, 1810, 8vo: Kennedy, Bombay, 1824, fol.:
Jugunnauth Shastri Kramavant, Bombay, 1829-1831, 4to, 3 vols.:
Molesworth, ib. 1831, 4to; 2nd ed. 1847, 4to; ed. Candy, Bombay, 1857,
4to, 957 pages; abridged by Baba Padmanji, ib. 1863, 8vo; 2nd ed.
(abridged), London, 1876, 8vo, 644 pages. ENGLISH.--Molesworth,
Bombay, 1847, 4to.
Oriya.--Mohunpersaud Takoor, Serampore, 1811, 8vo: Sutton, Cuttack,
1841-1848, 8vo, 3 vols. 856 pages.
Pali.--Clough, Colombo, 1824, 8vo: Moggallana Thero (a Sinhalese
priest of the 12th century), _Abhidhanappika_ (Pali, Eng. Sinhalese),
ed. Waskeduwe Subheti, Colombo, 1865, 8vo: Childers, London,
1872-1875, 8vo, 658 pages. ROOTS.--Silavansa, _Dhatumanjusa_ (Pali
Sing. and Eng.), Colombo, 1872, 8vo.
Prakrit.--Delius, _Radices_, Bonnae ad Rh., 1839, 8vo.
Punjabi.--Starkey, 1850, 8vo; Lodiana Mission, Lodiana, 1854-1860, 444
pages.
Pushtu or Afghan.--Dorn, St Petersb. 1845, 4to: Raverty, London, 1860,
4to; 2nd ed. ib. 1867, 4to: Bellew, 1867, 8vo.
Sindhi.--Eastwick, Bombay, 1843, fol. 73 pages: Stack, ib. 1855, 8vo,
2 vols.
Sinhalese.--Clough, Colombo, 1821-1830, 8vo, 2 vols.: Callaway (Eng.,
Portuguese and Sinhalese), ib. 1818, 8vo: Id., _School Dictionary_,
ib. 1821, 8vo: Bridgenell (Sinh.-Eng.), ib. 1847, 18mo: Nicholson
(Eng.-Sinh.), 1864, 32mo, 646 pages.
Tamil.--Provenza (Portug.), Ambalacotae, 1679, 8vo: _Sadur Agurardi_,
written by Beschi in 1732, Madras, 1827, fol.; Pondicherry, 1875, 8vo:
Blin (French), Paris, 1834, 8vo: Rottler, Madras, 1834-1841, 4to, 4
vols.: Jaffna Book Society (Tamil), Jaffna, 1842, 8vo, about 58,500
words: Knight and Spaulding (Eng. Tam.), ib. 1844, 8vo; _Dictionary_,
ib. 1852, 4to: Pope, 2nd ed. ib. 1859, 8vo: Winslow, Madras, 1862,
4to, 992 pages, 67,452 words.
Telugu.--Campbell, Madras, 1821, 4to: C. P. Brown, Madras (Eng.-Tel.),
1852, 8vo, 1429 pages: Id. (Tel.-Eng.), ib. 1852, 8vo, 1319 pages.
MIXED TELUGU.--Id., ib. 1854, 8vo.
Thuggee.--Sleeman, Calcutta, 1830, 8vo, 680 Ramasi words.
Indo-Chinese Languages.--Leyden, _Comparative Vocabulary of Barma,
Malaya and Thai_, Serampore, 1810, 8vo. _Annamese_: Rhodes (Portug.
and Lat.), Romae, 1651, 4to: Pigneaux and Taberd, Fredericinagori,
1838, 4to; Legrand de la Liraye, Paris, 1874, 8vo: Pauthier (Chin.
Ann.-Fr. Lat.), Paris, 1867, &c., 8vo. _Assamese_: Mrs Cutter, Saipur,
1840, 12 mo; Bronson, London, 1876, 8vo, 617 pages. _Burmese_: Hough
(Eng.-Burm.), Serampore, 1825, Moulmain, 1845, 8vo, 2 vols. 955 pages:
Judson, Calcutta, 1826, 8vo; (Eng. Burm.), Moulmain, 1849, 4to; (Burm.
Eng.), ib. 1852, 8vo; 2nd ed., Rangoon, 1866, 8vo, 2 vols. 968 pages:
Lane, Calcutta, 1841, 4to. _Cambodian_: Aymonier (Fr.-Camb.), Saigon,
1874, 4to; Id. (Camb.-Fr.), ib. 1875, fol. _Karen_: Sau-kau Too
(Karen), Tavoy, 1847, 12mo, 4 vols.: Mason, Tavoy, 1840, 4to.
_Sgau-Karen_: Wade, ib. 1849, 8vo. _Siamese (Thai)_: Pallegoix (Lat.
French, Eng.), Paris, 1854, 4to: _Dictionarium Latinum Thai_, Bangkok,
1850, 4to, 498 pages.
Malay.--LATIN.--Haex, Romae, 1631, 4to; Batavia, 1707.
DUTCH.--Houtmann (Malay and Malagasy), Amst. 1603, 4to; 1673; 1680;
1687; 1703; Batavia, 1707: Wiltens and Dankaarts, Gravenhage, 1623,
4to; Amst. 1650; 1677; Batavia, 1708, 4to: Heurnius, Amst. 1640, 4to:
Gueynier, Batavia, 1677, 4to; 1708: Loder, ib. 1707-1708, 4to: Van der
Worm, ib. 1708, 4to: Roorda van Eysinga (Low), ib. 1824-1825, 8vo, 2
vols.; 12th ed. 's Gravenhage, 1863, 8vo; Id. (Hof, Volks en Lagen
Taal), ib. 1855, 8vo: Dissel and Lucardie (High Malay), Leiden, 1860,
12mo: Pijnappel, Amst. 1863, 8vo: Badings, Schoonhoven, 1873, 8vo.
ENGLISH.--Houtmann (Malay and Malagasy), translated by A. Spaulding,
London, 1614, 4to: Bowrey, ib. 1701, 4to: Howison, ib. 1801, 4to:
Marsden, ib. 1812, 4to: Thomsen, Malacca, 1820, 8vo; 1827: Crawford,
London, 1851, 8vo, 2 vols. FRENCH.--Boze, Paris, 1825, 16mo: Elout
(Dutch-Malay and French-Malay), Harlem, 1826, 4to: Bougourd, Le Havre,
1856, 8vo: Richard, Paris, 1873, 8vo, 2 vols.: Favre, Vienna, 1875,
8vo, 2 vols.
Malay Archipelago.--_Batak_: Van der Tuuk, Amsterdam, 1861, 8vo, 564
pages. _Bugis_: Mathes, Gravenh. 1874, 8vo, 1188 pages: Thomsen
(Eng.-Bugis and Malay), Singapore, 1833, 8vo. _Dyak_: Hardeland
(German), Amst. 1859, 8vo, 646 pages. _Javanese_: Senerpont Domis,
Samarang, 1827, 4to, 2 vols.: Roorda van Eysinga, Kampen, 1834-1835,
8vo, 2 vols.: Gericke, Amst. 1847, 8vo; ed. Taco Roorda, ib. 1871, &c.
parts i.-v., 880 pages: Jansz and Klinkert, Samarang, 1851, 8vo; 1865:
Favre (French), Vienne, 1870, 8vo. _Macassar_: Matthes, Amst. 1859,
8vo, 951 pages. Sunda: De Wilde (Dutch, Malay and Sunda), Amsterdam,
1841, 8vo: Rigg (Eng.), Batavia, 1862, 4to, 573 pages. _Formosa_:
Happart (Favorlang dialect, written about 1650), Parrapattan, 1840,
12mo.
Philippines.--_Bicol_: Marcos, Sampaloc, 1754, fol. _Bisaya_: Sanchez,
Manila, 1711, fol.: Bergano, ib. 1735, fol.: Noceda, ib. 1841:
Mentrida (also Hiliguena and Haraya) ib. 1637, 4to; 1841, fol. 827
pages: Felis de la Encarnacion, ib. 1851, 4to, 2 vols. 1217 pages.
_Ibanac_: Bugarin, ib. 1854, 4to. _Ilocana_, Carro, ib. 1849, fol.
_Pampanga_: Bergano, ib. 1732, fol. _Tagala_: Santos, Toyabas, 1703,
fol.; ib. 1835, 4to, 857 pages: Noceda and San Lucar, Manila, 1754,
fol.; 1832.
Chinese.--Native Dictionaries are very numerous. Many are very copious
and voluminous, and have passed through many editions. _Shwo wan_, by
Hu Shin, is a collection of the ancient characters, about 10,000 in
number, arranged under 540 radicals, published 150 B.C., usually in 12
vols.: _Yu pien_, by Ku Ye Wang, published A.D. 530, arranged under
542 radicals, is the basis of the Chinese Japanese Dictionaries used
in Japan: _Ping tseu loui pien_, Peking, 1726, 8vo, 130 vols.: _Pei
wan yun fu_ (Thesaurus of Literary Phrases), 1711, 131 vols. 8vo,
prepared by 66 doctors of the Han lin Academy in seven years. It
contains 10,362 characters, and countless combinations of two, three
or four characters, forming compound words and idioms, with numerous
and copious quotations. According to Williams (_On the word Shin_, p.
79), an English translation would fill 140 volumes octavo of 1000
pages each. _Kanghi tsze tien_ (Kanghi's Standard or Canon of the
Character), the dictionary of Kanghi, the first emperor of the present
dynasty, was composed by 30 members of the Han lin, and published in
1716, 40 vols. 4to, with a preface by the emperor. It contains 49,030
characters, arranged under the 214 radicals. It is generally in 12
vols., and is universally used in China, being the standard authority
among native scholars for the readings as well as the meanings of
characters. LATIN.--De Guignes (French, Lat.), Paris, 1813, fol.;
Klaproth, Supplement, 1819; ed. Bazil (Latin), Hong-Kong, 1853, 4to:
Goncalves (Lat.-Chin.), Macao, 1841, fol.: Callery, _Systema
phoneticum_, Macao, 1841, 8vo: Schott, _Vocabularium_, Berlin, 1844,
4to. ENGLISH.--Raper, London, 1807, fol. 4 vols.: Morrison, Macao,
1815-1823, 4to, 3 parts in 6 vols.: Medhurst, Batavia, 1842-1843, 8vo,
2 vols.: Thom, Canton, 1843, 8vo: Lobscheid, Hong-Kong, 1871, 4to:
Williams, Shanghai, 1874, 4to. ENG. CHINESE.--Morrison, part iii.:
Williams, Macao, 1844, 8vo: Medhurst, Shanghai, 1847-1848, 8vo, 2
vols.: Hung Maou, _Tung yung fan hwa_ (Common words of the Red-haired
Foreigners), 1850, 8vo. Doolittle, Foochow, 1872, 4to, vol. i. 550
pages. FRENCH,--Callery, _Dict. encyclopedique_, Macao and Paris, 1845
(radicals 1-20 only): M. A. H., 1876, 8vo, autographie, 1730 pages.
FRENCH-CHIN.--Perny (Fr.-Latin, Spoken Mandarin), Paris, 1869, 4to;
Appendice, 1770; Lemaire and Giguel, Shanghai, 1874, 16mo.
PORTUGUESE.--Goncalves (Port.-Chin.), Macao, 1830, 8vo, 2 vols.: Id.
(Chin.-Port.), ib. 1833, 8vo. IDIOMS.--Giles, Shanghai, 1873, 4to.
PHRASES.--Yaou Pei-keen, _Luy yih_, 1742-1765, 8vo, 55 vols.: Tseen
Ta-hin, _Shing luy_, 1853, 8vo, 4 vols. CLASSICAL EXPRESSIONS.--Keang
Yang and 30 others, _Sze Shoo teen Lin_, 1795, 8vo, 30 vols. ELEGANT
EXPRESSIONS.--Chang ting yuh, _Fun luy tsze kin_, 1722, 8vo, 64 vols.
PHRASES OF THREE WORDS.--Julien (Latin), Paris, 1864, 8vo.
POETICAL.--_Pei wan she yun_, 1800, 8vo, 5 vols. PROPER NAMES.--F.
Porter Smith (China, Japan, Corea, Annam, &c., Chinese-Eng.),
Shanghai, 1870, 8vo. TOPOGRAPHY.--Williams, Canton, 1841, 8vo. NAMES
OF TOWNS.--Biot, Paris, 1842, 8vo. ANCIENT CHARACTERS.--Foo
Lwantseang, _Luh shoo fun luy_, 1800, 8vo, 12 vols. SEAL
CHARACTER.--Heu Shin, _Shwo wan_, ed. Seu Heuen, 1527, 8vo, 12 vols.
RUNNING HAND.--St Aulaire and Groeneveld (Square Characters, Running
Hand; Running, Square), Amst. 1861, 4to, 117 pages. TECHNICAL TERMS
(in Buddhist translations from Sanskrit)--Yuen Ying, _Yih 'see king
pin e_, 1848, 8vo. DIALECTS.--_Amoy_: Douglas, London, 1873, 4to, 632
pages: Macgowan, Hong-Kong, 1869, 8vo. _Canton_: Yu Heo-poo and Wan
ke-shih, _Keang hoo chih tuh fun yun tso yaou ho tseih_, Canton, 1772,
8vo, 4 vols.; 1803, 8vo, 4 vols.; Fuh-shan, 1833, 8vo, 4 vols.:
Morrison, Macao, 1828, 8vo: Wan ke shih, Canton, 1856, 8vo: Williams
(tonic, Eng.-Chinese), Canton, 1856, 8vo: Chalmers, Hong-Kong, 1859,
12mo; 3rd ed. 1873, 8vo. _Changchow in Fuhkeen_: Seay Sew-lin, _Ya suh
tung shih woo yin_, 1818, 8vo, 8 vols.; 1820. _Foo-chow_: Tseih (a
Japanese general) and Lin Peih shan, _Pa yin ho ting_, ed. Tsin Gan,
1841, 8vo: Maclay and Baldwin, Foochow, 1870, 8vo, 1123 pages.
_Hok-keen_: Medhurst, Macao, 1832, 4to: _Peking_, Stent, Shanghai,
1871, 8vo.
Corean.--CHINESE, COREAN AND JAPANESE.--_Cham Seen Wo Kwo tsze mei_,
translated by Medhurst, Batavia, 1835, 8vo. RUSSIAN.--Putzillo, St
Petersburg, 1874, 12mo, 746 pages.
Japanese.--_Sio Ken Zi Ko_ (Examination of Words and Characters),
1608, 8vo, 10 vols.: _Wa Kan Won Se Ki Sio Gen Zi Ko_, lithographed by
Siebold, Lugd. Bat., 1835, fol. JAP.-CHINESE.--_Faga biki set yo siu_.
CHINESE-JAP.--_Kanghi Tse Tein_, 30 vols. 12mo: _Zi rin gioku ben_.
DUTCH DICTIONARIES PRINTED BY JAPANESE.--_Nieeu verzameld Japansch en
Hollandsch Woordenbock_, by the interpreter, B. Sadayok, 1810:
Minamoto Masataka, Prince of Nakats (Jap. Chinese-Dutch), 5 vols. 4to,
printed at Kakats by his servants: _Jedo-Halma_ (Dutch-Jap.), Jedo,
4to, 20 vols.: _Nederduitsche taal_, Dutch Chinese, for the use of
interpreters. LATIN AND PORTUGUESE.--Calepinus, _Dictionarium_,
Amacusa, 1595, 4to. LATIN.--Collado, _Compendium_, Romae, 1632, 4to:
_Lexicon_, Romae, 1870, 4to, from Calepinus. ENGLISH.--Medhurst,
Batavia, 1830, 8vo: Hepburn, Shanghai, 1867, 8vo; 1872.
ENG.-JAP.--Hori Tatnoskoy, Yedo, 1862, 8vo; 2nd ed. Yeddo, 1866, 8vo:
Satow and Ishibashi Masakata (spoken language), London, 1876, 8vo.
FRENCH.--Rosny (Jap. Fr. Eng.), Paris, 1857, 4to, vol. i.: Pages,
Paris, 1869, 4to, translated from Calepinus. FR.-JAP.--Soutcovey,
Paris, 1864, 8vo. FR. ENG. JAP.--Mermet de Cachon, Paris, 1866, 8vo,
unfinished. GERMAN.--Pfizmaier (Jap.-Ger., Eng.), Wien, 1851, 4to,
unfinished. SPANISH.--_Vocabulario del Japon_, Manila, 1630, 4to,
translated from the next. PORTUGUESE.--_Vocabulario da Lingua de
Japam_, Nagasaki, 1603, 4to. RUSSIAN.--Goshkevich, St Petersburg,
1857, 8vo, 487 pages. CHINESE CHARACTERS WITH JAPANESE
PRONUNCIATION.--Rosny, Paris, 1867, 8vo. CHINESE AND JAPANESE NAMES OF
PLANTS.--Hoffmann, Leyde, 1864, 8vo.
Aino.--Pfizmaier, Wien, 1854, 4to.
Northern and Central Asia.--_Buriat_: Castren, St Petersburg, 1857,
8vo. _Calmuck_: Zwick, Villingen, 1853, 4to: Smirnov, Kazan, 1857,
12mo: Jugl, _Siddhi Kur_, Leipzig, 1866, 8vo. _Chuvash_: Clergy of the
school of the Kazan Eparchia, Kazan, 1836, 8vo, 2481 words: Lyule
(Russ.-Chuv. French), Odessa, 1846, 8vo, 244 pages: Zolotnitski,
Kazan, 1875, 8vo, 287 pages. _Jagatai_: Mir Ali Shir, _Abuska_, ed.
Vambery, with Hungarian translation, Pesth, 1862, 8vo: Vambery,
Leipzig, 1867, 8vo: Pavet de Courteille, Paris, 1870, 8vo. _Koibal and
Karagas_: Castren, St Petersburg, 1857, 8vo. _Manchu_: _Yutchi tseng
ting tsing wen kian_ (Manchu Chinese), 1771, 4to, 6 vols.: _Sze li hoh
pik wen kian_ (Manchu-Mongol, Tibetan, Chinese) 10 vols. 4to, the
Chinese pronunciation represented in Manchu: _San hoh pien lan_
(Manchu-Chinese, Mongol), 1792, 8vo, 12 vols.;--all three classed
vocabularies: Langles (French), Paris, 1789-1790, 4to, 3 vols.:
Gabelentz (German), Leipzig, 1864, 8vo: Zakharov (Russian), St
Petersburg, 1875, 8vo, 1235 pages: _Mongol_: I. J. Schmidt (German,
Russian), St Petersburg, 1835, 4to: Schergin, Kazan, 1841, 8vo:
Kovalevski, Kasan, 1844-1849, 4to, 3 vols. 2703 pages. _Ostiak_:
Castren, St Petersb. 1858, 8vo. _Samoyed_: Castren, St Petersb. 1855,
8vo, 308 pages. Tartar: Giganov (Tobolsk), St Petersburg, 1804, 4to;
(Russ.-Tartar), ib. 1840, 4to: Troyanski (Karan), Kasan, 1835-1855,
4to. _Tibetan_: _Minggi djamtoo_ (Tibet-Mongol): _Bodschi dajig togpar
lama_: _Kad shi schand scharwi melonggi jige_
(Manchu-Mongol-Tibetan-Chinese), Kanghi's Dictionary with the Tibetan
added in the reign of Khian lung (1736-1795); Csoma de Koros (Eng.),
Calcutta, 1834, 4to: I. J. Schmidt (German), St Petersburg, 1841, 4to:
Id. (Russian), ib. 1843, 4to: Jaeschke (Eng.), London, 1870, 8vo, 160
pages: Id. (Germ.), Gnadau, 1871, 658 pages: (Bhotanta), Schroeter,
Serampore, 1826, 4to. _Tungusian_: Castren, St Petersburg, 1856, 8vo,
632 pages. _Uigur_: Vambery, Innspruck, 1870, 4to. _Yakut_: Bohtlingk,
ib. 1854, 4to, 2 vols. _Yenissei Ostiak_: Castren, ib. 1849, 8vo.