excited against Epicurus, founded on the ambiguity of the word which
has been translated pleasure, but which would be more accurately
interpreted happiness. A similar outcry was, in later ages, raised
by one of his opponents against Malebranche, who, like Epicurus,
lived not merely temperately, but abstemiously. “Regis,” (says
Fontenelle,) “attaqua Malebranche sur ce qu’il avoit avancé que _le
plaisir rend heureux_. Ainsi malgré sa vie plus que philosophique et
tres chrêtienne il se trouva le protecteur de plaisirs. A la verité
la question devint si subtile et si metaphysique, que leurs plus
grands partizans auroient mieux aimés y renoncer pour toute leur
vie, que d’etre obligés à les soutenir comme lui.” _Eloges,
Malebranche_.
_ 444 Literary Hours_, Vol. I. p. 11. Dr Drake wrote two essays, to
announce and recommend the translation of Lucretius by his friend Mr
Good. The latter, in his notes, displays a prodigious extent of
reading in almost all languages; but neither of them is very
accurate. Dr Drake, for example, remarks, “that the _Alieuticon_ and
_Cynegeticon_ of Oppian, though conveying precepts in verse, can
with scarce any probability be considered as furnishing a model for
the philosophic genius of the Roman.” (P. 3.) Oppian wrote towards
the close of the second century of the Christian æra. Mr Good also
makes Suetonius appeal for some fact to Athenæus. (Vol. I. p. 25.)
445 As a specimen of rank Spinosism, we find—
“All are but parts of one stupendous whole,
Whose body Nature is, and God the soul;” ——
and for an apparent justification of crime,—
“If plagues and earthquakes break not Heaven’s design,
Why, then, a Borgia or a Catiline.
* * * *
In spite of pride, in erring reason’s spite,
One truth is clear,—Whatever is, is right.”
446 Apollonius Rhodius, Lib. I. Virgil, _Æneid_, Lib. I.
447 ap. Eichstadt. Lucret. p. lxxxvii. ci. cii. ed. Lips. 1801.
448 The fragments of Empedocles have been chiefly preserved by
Simplicius, in a Greek commentary on Aristotle, written about the
middle of the sixth century. This commentary, with the verses of
Empedocles which it comprehended, was translated into Latin in the
thirteenth century; and at the revival of literature, the original
Simplicius having disappeared, it was as happened to various other
works retranslated from the Latin into Greek, and in this form was
printed by Aldus, in 1526. Sturz published the _Remains of
Empedocles_ from this Aldine edition, with a great literary
apparatus, at Leipsic, in 1805, but with some remodelling, to force
them into accurate verse, which they had lost in their successive
transmutations. Subsequent, however, to this attempt, Professor
Peyron discovered, in the Ambrosian library at Milan, the original
Greek of Simplicius, with the genuine verses of Empedocles, which
have been reprinted at Leipsic, in 1810, from the Italian edition.
449 Sturz, _Empedoclis Fragmenta_. Cicero, _De Finibus_, Lib. II.
450 “To those,” says Warton, (_Essay on the Writings and Genius of
Pope_, Vol. II. p. 402, note), “that know the number of thoughts
that breathe, and words that burn, in this animated writer, it seems
surprising, that Tully could speak of him in so cold and tasteless a
manner.” The opinion of Cicero, however, has been rendered
unfavourable, only by the interpolation of the word _non_, contrary
to the authority of all MSS. His words, in a letter to his brother
Quintus, are “Lucretii poemata ut scribis ita sunt; multis luminibus
ingenii, multæ tamen artis. (Lib. II. Epist. 11.)—The poems of
Lucretius are as you write; with many beams of genius, yet also with
much art.”
451 “Nec me animi fallit, Graiorum obscura reperta,
Difficile inlustrare Latinis versibus esse;
Multa novis verbis præsertim quum sit agendum,
Propter egestatem linguæ et rerum novitatem.
* * *
Deinde, quod obscurâ de re tam lucida pango
Carmina, Musæo contingens cuncta lepore.”
452 “In Lucretio maxime puritas Latinæ linguæ, copiaque apparet.”—P.
Victorius. _Var. Lect._ Lib. XVII. c. 16. “Lucretius Latinitatis
author optimus.”—Casaubon, _Not. in Johan._ cap. 5.
453 “Who combats bravely, is not therefore brave;
He dreads a death-bed like a common slave.”
454 Lib. I. El. iii. v. 37.
455 Lib. V. 24.
456 C. Nocet, _Iris_ and _Aurora Borealis_—Le Febre, _Terræ
Motus_—Souciet, _Cometæ_—Malapertus, _De Ventis_. These, and many
other poems of a similar description, are published in the _Poemata
Didascalica_. 3 Tom. Paris, 1813.
457 Cowper.
458 Barthii _Adversaria_, l. 38. c. 7. Funccius, _de Virili Ætate, Ling.
Lat._ c. 3. Some critics, however, are of opinion that he was called
Doctus from the correctness and purity of his Latin style. “Latinæ
puritatis custos fuit religiosissimus, unde et _docti_ cognomen
meruit.” (Car. Stephen.) Müller, a German writer, has a notable
conjecture on this subject. He says, we will come nearest the truth,
if we suppose that Ovid, while mentioning Catullus, applied to him
the epithet _doctus_ merely to fill up the measure of a line, and
that his successors took up the appellation on trust.—(_Einleit. zur
Kenntniss der Lateinisch. Schriftsteller_, T. II. p. 265.) Mr Elton
thinks that the epithet did not mean what we understand by learned,
but rather knowing and accomplished—what the old English authors
signify by cunning, as cunning in music and the
mathematics.—(_Specimens of the Classics_.) This conjecture seems to
be in some measure confirmed by Horace’s application of the term
_doctus_ to the actor Roscius:—
“Quæ gravis Æsopus, quæ doctus Roscius egit.”
The recent translator of Catullus conceives that the title of
learned never belonged peculiarly to him, but was merely conferred
on him in common with all poets, as it is now bestowed on all
lawyers.
459 Catullus, in his miscellaneous poems, has employed not fewer than
thirteen different sorts of versification.
1. That which is most frequently used is the Phalæcian
hendecasyllable, consisting of a spondee, dactyl, and three
trochees.
“Cui do | no lepi | dum no | vum li | bellum.”
This sort of measure has been adopted by Catullus in thirty-nine
poems.
2. Trimeter iambus, consisting of six feet, which are generally all
iambuses.
“Ait | fuis | se na | vium | celer | rimus;”
but a spondee sometimes forms the first, third, and fifth feet. Four
poems are in this measure—the fourth, twentieth, twenty-ninth, and
fifty-second.
3. Choliambus or scazon, which is the same with the last mentioned,
except that the concluding foot of the line is always a spondee.
“Fulse | re quon | dam can | didi | tibi | soles.”
This metre is used seven times, being employed in the eighth,
twenty-second, thirty-first, thirty-seventh, thirty-ninth,
forty-fourth, and fifty-ninth poems.
4. Trochaic Stesichian, consisting of six feet—choreus or spondee, a
dactyl, a cretic, a choreus or spondee, a dactyl, and lastly a
choreus.
“Alter | parva fe | rens manu | semper | munera | larga.”
This measure appears only in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and
nineteenth poems.
5. Iambic tetrameter catalectic, formed of seven feet and a cæsura
at the close of the line. It occurs in the twenty-fifth poem.
6. Choriambus. This also is employed but once, being used only in
the thirtieth. It consists of five feet,—a spondee, three choriambi,
and a pyrrhichius.
“Ventos | irrita fer | et nebulas | aerias | sinis.”
7. A sort of Phalæcian, consisting of two spondees and three chorei.
“Quas vul | tu vi | di ta | men se | reno.”
But it sometimes consists of a spondee and four chorei. This measure
is adopted in some lines of the fifty-fifth ode.
8. Glyconian, generally made up of a spondee and two dactyles.
“Jam ser | vire Tha | lassio.”
but sometimes of a trochæus and two dactyles.
“Cinge | tempora | floribus.”
This sort of verse occurs, but mixed with other measures in the
thirty-fourth ode, addressed to Diana, and also in the sixtieth.
9. Pherecratian, consisting of three feet, a trochee, spondee, or
iambus in the first place, followed by a dactyl and spondee.
Exer | ceto ju | ventam
Frige | rans Aga | nippe
Hymen | O Hyme | næe.
This is used in the thirty-fourth and sixtieth, mingled with
glyconian verse.
10. Galliambic. This is employed only in the poem of Atys, which
indeed is the sole specimen of the galliambic measure, in the Latin
language. It consists of six feet, which are used very loosely and
indiscriminately. The first seems to be at pleasure, an anapæst,
spondee, or tribrachys; second, an iambus, tribrachys, or dactyl;
third, iambus or spondee; fourth, dactyl or spondee; fifth, a
dactyl, or various other feet; sixth, generally an anapæst, but
sometimes an iambus.
“Super alta vectus Atys celeri rate maria.”
The remaining three species of measure employed by Catullus, are the
sapphic stanza, used in the seventh and fifty-first odes; the
hexameter lines, which we have in the epithalamium of _Peleus_ and
_Thetis_; and the pentameter lines, used alternately with the
hexameters, and thereby constituting elegiac verse, which is
employed in all the elegies of Catullus. Of these three measures,
the structure is well known.—(Vulpius, _Diatribe de Metris
Catulli_.)
_ 460 Verona Illustrata_, Parte II. c. 1. _Dict. Hist. Art. Catullus_.
_ 461 De Poet._ Dial. x.
462 Schoell, _Hist. Abreg. de la Litt. Rom._ T. I. p. 310.
_ 463 Handbuch der Classischen Litt._ T. I. p. 187.
_ 464 Saxii Onomasticon_, T. I. p. 148.
_ 465 Ep. ad Att._ XIII. 52.
466 O blame not the bard, if he fly to the bowers,
Where Pleasure lies carelessly smiling at Fame;
He was born for much more, and in happier hours
His soul might have glowed with a holier flame.
MOORE.
467 Apuleius, _In Apologia_.
_ 468 Centur. Miscell._ I. c. 6.
469 Lib. XI. Ep. 7.
470 Lib. IV. Ep. 14.
471 Lib. I. Ep. 110.
472 Muret. _in Catull. Comment._
473 Bayle, _Dict. Hist._ Art. _Barbara_.
_ 474 Amor._ Lib. II. eleg. 6.
_ 475 Sylv._ II. 3.
476 Lib. II. eleg. 7.
477 C. II.
478 Tibullus, Lib. I. El. 1.
479 Vol. III. p. 14, 2d. ed.
480 Lib. IX. v. 435.
481 Valerium Catullum, a quo sibi versiculis de Mamurrâ perpetua
stigmata imposita non dissimulaverat, satisfacientem, _eâdem die_
adhibuit cœnæ, hospitioque patris ejus, sicut consueverat, uti
perseveravit.—Sueton. _In Cæsar._ c. 73.
482 Cicero, _Epist. ad Attic._ XIII. 52. Inde ambulavit in littore. Post
horam viii. in balneum; tum audivit de Mamurrâ; vultum non mutavit;
unctus est; accubuit.
_ 483 Syphilis_, Lib. I.
484 Colt Hoare’s Continuat. of Eustace’s Travels.
485 Henin, _Journal du Siege de Peschiera_.
_ 486 Classical Tour_, Vol. I. c. 5. 8vo edition.
487 In the year 1797, Buonaparte, who was at that time
commander-in-chief of the army of Italy, visited in person this
spot, which, during the life of Catullus, had been his retreat and
sanctuary, even from the despotism of Cæsar. While travelling from
Milan to Perseriano, to conclude the treaty of Campo Formio, he
turned off from the road, between Brescia and Peschiera, to visit
the peninsula of Sirmio. About two years afterwards, the French
officers employed at the siege of Peschiera, which is eight miles
distant from Sirmio, gave a brilliant _fête champêtre_ in this
classic retirement, in honour of Catullus, as soon as their military
operations against Peschiera had been brought to a successful
conclusion. General St Michel, who had conducted them, invited all
the Polish officers who were present at the siege, and some of the
inhabitants of Sirmio—particularly the dramatic poet, Anelli. During
the repast, this bard, and the French generals, Lacombe and St
Michel, sung and recited in turn verses of their own composition;
and which flowed spontaneously, it is said by one who was present,
from the inspiration of scenes so rich in poetic remembrances. The
toasts were—_The Memory of Catullus_, the most elegant of Latin
poets—_Buonaparte_, who honours great men amid the tumult of
arms—who celebrated Virgil at Mantua, and paid homage to Catullus,
by visiting the peninsula of Sirmio—_General Miollis_, the protector
of sciences and fine arts in Italy. The festivities were here
unpleasantly interrupted by the arrival of all the uninvited
inhabitants of Sirmio, who came to complain of having been pillaged
by the detachment of French troops which had replaced the Austrian
garrison. General Chasseloup received them with his accustomed
urbanity; and, from respect to Catullus, the troops were marched
from that canton to another district, which had not yet been
plundered, and had not the good fortune to have been the residence
of a licentious poet.—(Henin, _Jour. Historique des Operat.
Militaires du Siege de Peschiera_.)
_ 488 Classical Tour_, Vol. II. c. 7.
_ 489 Travels through Holland, &c. but especially Italy_, Vol. II. chap.
39.
_ 490 Lettres sur l’Italie_, Tom. II. let. 36. Paris, 1819.
491 Nibby, in his _Viaggio Antiquario ne contorni di Roma_, (Ed. 1819. 2
Tom. 8vo,) in opposition to all previous authority, has denied that
this was the site of the villa of Catullus, which he has removed to
a spot due east from Tibur, between the Acque Albule and Ponte
Lucano. His opinion, however, is rested on the 26th poem of
Catullus, of which he has totally misunderstood the meaning,—
“Furi, Villula nostra non ad Austri
Flatus opposita est, nec ad Favoni,
Nec sævi Boreæ, aut Apeliotæ;
Verum ad millia quindecim et ducentos—
O ventum horribilem atque pestilentem.”
Nibby strangely supposes that the fourth line of the above verses
means that the villa is 15 miles 200 paces from Rome, and,
therefore, that it cannot be at St Angelo in Piavola, the distance
of which from Rome is not 15 miles 200 paces.—“Questi versi,” says
he, “non solo non sono così decisìvi per situarla precisamente a St
Angelo, piu tosto che in altri luoghi di questi contorni; ma
assolutamente la escludono, poichè la stabaliscono quindìci miglia,
e duecento passi vicino a Roma.”—T. I. p. 166.
Now, in the first place, according to Muretus and the best
commentators, this ode does not at all refer to the villa of
Catullus, but of Furius, whom he addresses, since the correct
reading in the first line is not Villula _nostra_, but _Vostra_.
Allowing, however, that it should be _nostra_, it is quite
impossible to extort from the fourth line any proof that the villa
was 15 miles 200 paces from Rome. Translated _verbatim_, it is as
follows:—“Furius, our (your) villa is not exposed or liable to the
blasts of Auster or Favonius, or the sharp Boreas, or the Apeliot
wind, but to fifteen thousand and two hundred—O horrible and
pestilent wind!” Now, the question is, to _what_ 15,000,200 is the
villa exposed? (_opposita_). Every commentator whom I have
consulted, supplies sesterces, or other pieces of money; that is to
say, it was mortgaged or pledged for that sum, which would sweep it
away more effectually than any wind. Nibby’s interpretation, that it
is not exposed to Auster or Boreas, &c. but is 15 miles 200 paces
distant from Rome, is not many miles, or even paces, distant from
absolute nonsense; and, moreover, quindecim millia, is not good
Latin for 15 miles.
_ 492 Observ. Crit. in Catulli Carmina_.
493 Acte I. sc. 3.
_ 494 Dict. Philos._ Art. _Amplification_.
495 Ad Fauniam.
_ 496 Genethliacon pueri nobilis_.
497 See also Moschus, Idyl 7.
498 Gohorry.
499 Lib. III.
500 Aristotle, _Rhetor._ Lib. III. c. 3.
_ 501 Decline and fall of the Rom. Emp._ c. 23.
502 Fabricius, _Bib. Lat._
503 Mitscherlichius, _in Lect. ad Catull._
504 Eidul. IV. v. 21.
505 Lib. XII. v. 489.
506 Muretus, _Comment. in Catull._
507 Ovid, _Amor._ Lib. I. el. 15, v. 14.
508 [Transcriber’s note: Note missing in original.]
509 Müller, _Einleitung_, T. II. p. 261.
_ 510 Sylvæ_, Lib. III.
511 Facile intelligimus, mansisse vocem, mutata significatione et
potestate vocis. Vavassor, _De Epigrammate_, c. 3.
_ 512 Tracts_, p. 13.
_ 513 Var. Lect._ Lib. III. c. 5.
_ 514 Brutus_, c. 78.
515 Cicero, _Orat. pro Sextio_, c. 51.
_ 516 De Ludicrâ Dictione_.
517 Gresset.
_ 518 Poetic._ Lib. VI. c. 7.
519 There is more tenderness and delicacy in a single love-verse of an
old Troubadour, than in all the amatory compositions of the Greeks
and Romans. What is there in Anacreon or Ovid, to compare to these
verses of Thibault, King of Navarre?—
“Las! Si j’avois pouvoir d’oublier,
Sa beaulté—son bien dire,
Et son très doulx regarder,
Finirois non martyre.
“Mais las! Comment oublier
Sa beaulté, son bien dire,
Et son très doulx regarder!
Mieux aime mon martyre.”
_ 520 Brutus_, c. 35.
521 “Hic illi, (Catulo) Deo pulchrior,” says Cicero, “at erat, sicut
hodie est, perversissimis oculis.” Lib. I. c. 28.
522 “I stood, and to the Dawn my vows addressed,
When Roscius rose refulgent in the west.
Forgive, ye Powers! A mortal seemed more bright,
Than the bright god who darts the shafts of light.”
523 Sueton. _In Jul. Cæsare_, c. 49.
524 Ibid. c. 73.
525 Ovid. _Tristia_, Lib. II.
_ 526 Epist._ Lib. I. ep. 16.
_ 527 Epist._ Lib. IV. ep. 27.
528 “Why Phileros, a torch before me bear?—
A heart on fire all other light may spare.
_That_ feeble flame can ill resist the power
Of the keen tempest and the headlong shower;
But _this_ still glows whatever storms may drench,
What Venus kindles, she alone can quench.”
529 “Ye guardians of the tender flock, retire,
Why seek ye flames, when man himself is fire?
Whate’er I touch bursts forth in sudden blaze,
And the woods kindle with my scorching gaze.”
_ 530 Theorie_, Tom. I. _Comödie_.
531 “Non ignoro,” says Salmasius, in his Notes to Vopiscus’ Life of
Aurelian, “quid distent Atellanæ et Mimi; recentiores, tamen,
confudisse videntur.” F. Vopiscus, _Vit. Aurel._ c. 42. ap. _Histor.
August. Script._
532 Cicero, _Epist. Familiar._ Lib. IX. ep. 16.
533 Flogel, _Geschichte der komisch. Litter._ T. IV. p. 101. Müller,
_Einleitung_.
534 Donatus, _Præf. in Terent._
535 Hoffmanni, _Lexicon, voce Mimus_. Ziegler, _De Mimis Romanorum_, p.
21, ed. Gotting. 1789.
536 Manilius, _De Astronomic._ Lib. V. v. 472.
537 Tytler’s _Life of Crichton_, p. 45. 1st ed.
538 Festus in _Salva res est_.
_ 539 Satyricon_, c. 80. See also Suetonius, _Caligula_, c. 57.
540 “Mimi ergo est jam exitus,” says Cicero, “non Fabulæ: In quo, cum
clausula non invenitur, fugit aliquis e manibus; deinde scabella
concrepant, aulæum tollitur.”—_Orat. pro Cælio_, c. 27.
_ 541 Sat._ Lib. I. 2. v. 55.
542 Lib. II. c. 5.
_ 543 Tristia_, Lib. II. v. 497.
544 Athenæus, _Deipnos._ Lib. VI.
_ 545 Anastasius_, Vol. II. p. 385. 2d ed.
546 Macrobius, _Saturnalia_, Lib. II. c. 7.
547 “For threescore years since first I saw the light,
I lived without reproach—A ROMAN KNIGHT.
As such I left my sacred home; but soon
Shall there return an actor and buffoon.
Since stretch’d beyond the point where honour ends,
One day too long my term of life extends.
Fortune, extreme alike in good and ill,
Since thus to blast my fame has been thy will;
Why didst thou not, ere spent my youthful race,
Bend me yet pliant to this dire disgrace?
While power remain’d, with yet unbroken frame,
HIM to have pleased, and earn’d the crowd’s acclaim:
But now why drive me to an actor’s part,
When nought remains of all the actor’s art;
Nor life, nor fire, which could the scene rejoice,
Nor grace of form, nor harmony of voice?
As fades the tree round which the ivy twines,
So in the clasp of age my strength declines.”
548 Macrobius, _Saturnalia_, Lib. II. c. 7.
549 “All are not always first—few have been known
To rest long on the summit of renown.
In fame we faster fall than we ascend:
I fall—who follows, thus his course must end.”
_ 550 Chron. Euseb. ad Olymp._ 184.
_ 551 Epist. Famil._ Lib. VII. ep. 11.
552 “Democritus, the philosophic sage
Of Abdera, deep read in Nature’s page,
Opposed a brazen shield of polish bright
To full-orbed Phœbus’ mid-day shafts of light,
That the round mirror, having catched the rays,
Might blast his vision with the dazzling blaze;
Thus his extinguished eyes could ne’er behold
The wicked prosper. O that thus my gold
Might, with the lustre of its yellow light,
Dim through my closing years these orbs of sight,
Whose darkness would not see a thriftless son
Waste the fair fortune which his fathers won!”
_ 553 Noct. Attic._ Lib. XVI. c. 7.
_ 554 Satir._ Lib. I. 10.
555 Macrobius, _Saturnal._ Lib. II. c. 7.
556 Plin. _Hist. Nat._ Lib. VIII. c. 51.
557 Ep. viii.
558 Senec. _Epist._
_ 559 De Mimis Romanorum_, p. 66.
_ 560 Noct. Attic._ Lib. XV. c. 25. Lib. X. c. 24.
561 Terent. Maurus, _De Metris_; Ziegler, _De Mim. Rom._ p. 66 and 67.
562 “Tis fit that we the means employ,
To sweeten life, and life enjoy.
Let pleasure lay your cares to rest,
And clasp the fair one to your breast,
Give and receive the melting kiss,
Like doves in hours of amorous bliss.”
_ 563 Satir._ Lib. I. 2.
564 Vopiscus. _Vit. Aurel._ c. 42.
565 Suetonius, _In Vespas._ c. 19.
566 Id. _In Nerone_, c. 29.
567 Appellatus est a Mimis quasi obstupratus.—Lampridius, _Vit.
Commodi_. c. 3.
568 Jul. Capitolinus, _In Maximin._ c. 9.
569 Tertullian, _De Spectac._ c. 17.—Lactantius. _Div. Inst._ Lib. VI.
c. 20.—Walker on the _Italian Drama_, p. 3.
570 Rasis capitibus. Vossius, _Institut. Poetic._ Lib. II. c. 32. § 4.
571 Diomed. _De Orat._ Lib. III.
572 Celsus, _De Re Rustica_, Lib. I. c. 8.
_ 573 De Oratore_, Lib. II. c. 61.
_ 574 Storia D’Ogni Poesia_, Tom. V. p. 220.
575 Riccoboni, _Hist. de Theatre Italien_. Tom. I. p. 21.
_ 576 Dissert. dell Academ. Etrusc._ Tom. III.
577 Livy, Lib. XL. c. 51. Theatrum et proscenium ad Apollinis ædem Jovis
in Capitolio, columnasque circa poliendas albo locavit.
578 Livy, _Epitom._ Lib. XLVIII. Quum locatum a censoribus theatrum
exstrueretur; P. C. Nasica auctore, tanquam inutile, et nociturum
publicis moribus, ex senatusconsulto destructum est: populusque
aliquandiu stans ludos spectavit.
579 Plin. _Hist. Nat._ Lib. XXXVI. c. 15.
_ 580 Ibid._
581 Plin. _Hist. Nat._ Lib. XXXVI. c. 15.
582 Plutarch, _In Pompeio_.
583 Plin. _Hist. Nat._ Lib. XXXVI. c. 15.
584 Vitruvius, Lib. V. c. 6.
585 Alexander ab Alexandro, _Dies Geniales_, Lib. V. c. 16.
_ 586 Ibid._
587 Alexander ab Alexandro, _Dies Geniales_, Lib. V. c. 16.
588 Schütz, _ad Fragment. Oper. Ciceronis_, Tom. XVI.
589 Wilkins’ _Vitruvius_, Vol. II. p. 185.
_ 590 Ibid._ Lib. V. c. 8.
_ 591 Ibid._ Lib. V. c. 7.
592 Montfaucon, _L’Antiquité Devoilé_, Liv. II. c. 1.
593 Lib. V. c. 3.
594 Montfaucon, Liv. II. c. 3.
595 Montfaucon, Liv. II. c. 1.
596 Ibid. and Macrobius, _Saturnalia_, Lib. VI. c. 4.
597 Plin. _Hist. Nat._ Lib. XIX. c. 1.
598 Lucretius, Lib. IV.
_ 599 De Oratore_, Lib. I. c. 60.
600 Hawkins’ _Inquiry into Greek and Latin Poetry_, § xiii.
601 Cicero, _Academica_, Lib. II. c. 7.—“Primo inflatu tibicinis,
Antiopam esse aiunt, aut Andromacham.”
_ 602 Poet._ Lib. I. c. 20.—See also Theophrastus ap. Bartholinus, _De
Tibiis Veterum_, Lib. I. c. 4, and Plin. _Hist. Nat._ Lib. XVI. c.
36.
603 Hawkins’ _Inquiry into Lat. Poet._ p. 184.
_ 604 Antiquitates Romanæ_.
605 Turnebus, _Advers._ Lib. XXVIII. c. 34.
606 Servius ap. Bartholin. _De Tibiis Veter._
607 Hawkins’ _Inquiry_, p. 187.
608 Horat. _Art. Poet._ v. 202.
609 v. 295. On the subject of the Hydraulicon, see Wernsdorff, _Poet.
Lat. Min._ Tom. II. p. 394; and Busby’s _History of Music_.
610 Vitruvius, Lib. V. c. 6. Montfaucon, Liv. II. c. 1.
611 Ibid.
612 Stephens, _De Theatris_.
613 Pet. Arbiter, _Satyric._ c. 80.
614 Æsopum, si paullum irrauserit, explodi. _De Oratore_, Lib. I. c. 60.
615 Noster Æsopus, jurare quum cœpisset, vox eum defecit in illo loco
“Si sciens fallo.” _Epist. Famil._ Lib. VII. ep. 1. Ed. Schütz.
616 Vidi in Æsopo familiari tuo, tantum ardorem vultuum atque motuum, ut
eum vis quædam abstraxisse a sensu mentis videretur. c. 37
617 Cicero, _pro Archia_, c. 8. Valer. Maxim. Lib. VIII. c. 7
618 Cicero, _De Legibus_, Lib. I. c. 4.
619 Livy, Lib. VII. c. 2.