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FOOTNOTES:
[1] _Chronicle of_ GEORGE CHASTELLAINE.
[2] Lives of the Queens of England.
[3] Historie of Scotland--James Fyft.
[4] Speed’s Chronicle.
[5] Smith’s Westminster, 4to. p. 70.
[6] Leland’s Collection.
[7] The former House of Lords.
[8] Herald’s Journal in Leland’s Collection.
[9] Antiquities of Westminster, J. T. Smith.
[10] Herald’s Journal, Leland Collection.
[11] Antiquities of Westminster, J. T. Smith.
[12] See Henry Ellis’s Historical Letters, vol. i. p. 172, 2d series.
[13] Buchanan, vol. xi. p. 110. The dispensation for the wedlock of
James and Margaret is dated Aug. 5, 1500. Rymer’s Fœdera.
[14] Lord Lindsay’s Christian Art, vol. iii. p. 348. His Lordship
informs us that Mabuse was a profligate character, who lived long
enough to be the subject of a curious anecdote. Many years afterward,
when the Emperor Charles V. had arrived at man’s estate, that sovereign
was to pay a visit to the Marquis of Vanderveren, in whose service
Mabuse then was. The Marquis chose to array all his retainers in white
damask. The painter requested to have his allotment of damask in his
own possession, under pretence of devising some curious or quaint
costume. The rogue bartered it at the tavern for drink, and did,
indeed, devise a curious costume for himself, imitating damask on white
paper. The trick had been whispered to his master; and the Emperor, who
could not help admiring the ingenuity of Mabuse, made him approach his
chair, which led to the open discovery of his imposition.
[15] See her description by Gavin Douglas, in his Palace of Honor.
[16] All the Scottish historians mention this circumstance--Buchanan,
vol. ii. p. 112. Lindsay of Pitscottie quotes documents relating to
it. The English historians say, the disputed legacy was left by Henry
VII., who, in fact, had detained it in his possession after his son’s
death;--there is no such notation in his will; but he had probably
ordered Margaret’s legacy to be given up to her on his death-bed. That
there was a legacy claimed by Margaret is testified beyond dispute by
Dr. West’s dispatches.
[17] Bacon’s Life of Henry VII.
[18] Lesley’s History of Scotland, Bannatyne edition.
[19] Varillas quotes this bit of court gossip from Cardinal Cajetan,
who dates the conclusion of the Scotch marriage treaty August, 1502.
[20] An important reason connected with the constitutional history of
England may be given in explanation of the scanty nature of Margaret’s
dowry, which was, in fact, supplied from the private resources of the
King her father, that monarch having been disappointed of the supply
which it was customary for parliament to grant in aid of the marriage
of a Princess-Royal. The requisition of a subsidy for this purpose had
been confidently made by King Henry, but was opposed by Sir Thomas
More, then a beardless stripling, in a speech of great power and
eloquence, and, for the first time in that reign, the crown was thrown
into a minority on the matter of finance, for the subsidy was refused,
to the infinite surprise and anger of the sovereign.--(Records of
Parliament, Life of Sir Thomas More.)
[21] Tytler’s History of Scotland, vol. v. p. 11.
[22] Printed in the Appendix of Leland’s Collectanea, vol. iv. p. 258,
from a MS. once in possession of Anstis Garter-King-at-arms.
[23] Somerset Herald’s Journal. Leland, vol iv.
[24] Ibid.
[25] This sentence is very singular, as it seems to bind James IV. for
his whole life, in case of Margaret’s death, and appears therefore a
strange innovation in the rites of marriage in the Roman Church, which
never varies even in trifles. If the herald-chronicler had not recorded
a reciprocal vow as made by Margaret to James, the author would have
treated the obligation as a mistake of the transcriber.
[26] Meaning that they supped their porridge, broth, or whatever
spoon-meat formed their earliest meal; tea and coffee being then
unknown at royal breakfast tables in Christendom.
[27] A French knight or noble, whose name is evidently mis-spelled.
[28] One of the Scottish knights.
[29] Probably _Moors_ or _moriscos_, although the term may
mean simply masked persons, or morris-dancers.
[30] The affiancing of the Princess Margaret to the King of Scotland
was declared to the citizens of London on the same morning that it took
place, being proclaimed at St. Paul’s Cross. Te Deum was sung in the
cathedral adjoining. Twelve hogsheads of Gascon wine were broached, and
bestowed by Henry VII. on the populace. London blazed with bonfires at
the same time that the pageants and ballets were performing in the hall
of Richmond Palace.
[31] Supposed to be a chaufrette, used by the French to hold ashes, for
the purpose of keeping the feet warm on the stone or brick floors.
[32] St. Patrick’s day, March 17, is mentioned by some historians as
James IV.’s birth-day; yet not only the day, but the year of his birth,
is variously quoted. Bishop Lesley’s History gives the above date.
He could scarcely be mistaken in the year of the birth of his royal
patroness’s grandfather. Lesley’s Hist., p. 39.
[33] Lindsay of Pitscottie, and history of Scotland, Encyc. Brit.
[34] Shaw is a skirting or belt of copsewood, intermixed with forest
trees.
[35] This fragment of royal poetry in the fifteenth century is
preserved in the original orthography, among other historical
treasures, in the seventeenth number of the History of Noble Families
(Drummonds).
[36] Lesley, Hist. Lindsay of Pitscottie. Buchanan, &c.
[37] Ibid.
[38] Lesley, p. 58.
[39] Lindsay of Pitscottie, p. 224.
[40] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[41] Ibid.
[42] Tytler’s Scotland, vol. iv. p. 289.
[43] Probably disguisers or masks.
[44] Moreri, on the name Drummond, gives the fullest account of this
curious private history. See also Tytler’s Hist. of Scotland, vol. iv.
[45] History of the Drummond Family, Part xvii. p. 10, in History of
Noble British Families, published by Pickering. The value of this
beautiful work is not limited to the rare anecdotes with which it is
replete, although, as may be seen above, the biographer is indebted
for incidents which it were vain to seek elsewhere. It is deserving
great attention on account of its embellishments, being enriched with
portraits and woodcuts of local scenery and with the most tasteful
ornaments, designed and exquisitely tinted by the pencil of the
accomplished Lady Strange.
[46] Letter of Queen Margaret Tudor, Cottonian Collection, Caligula,
Brit. Mus. MS. B. 1. Holograph, Nov. 24, 1523.
[47] History of the Drummond Family, Noble Families, &c.
[48] “Item, the 24 day of June 1502, the King was at Drummond, given
to Margaret Drummond, by the King’s command, twenty-one pounds. Item,
to her nuriss (nurse), forty-one pounds. Item, June 1503, to the
nuriss that brought the King’s daughter fra Drummond to Sterling, £3
10_s._”--Mr. Tytler’s Appendix, vol. iv. History of Scotland. We
have availed ourselves of Mr. Tytler’s deep research concerning this
mysterious and romantic passage in history.
[49] John, Lord Gordon.
[50] Balfour’s Annals, vol. i. p. 27–30.
[51] In the Treasurer’s Compotus, date of February 1, 1502–3, is the
following entry:--“Item, to the priests of Edinburgh, to do dirge
and saule mass for Mergratt Drummond, £v.” Again, February 10, same
year:--“Item, to the priests that sing in Dumblane for Margaret
Drummond, their quarter’s fee, five pounds.”--Tytler’s Scotland, notes,
&c. vol. iv. p. 359. The date of the death of James IV.’s first wife--a
point unsettled--may be nearly ascertained by these extracts.
[52] Lesley, Bishop of Ross, Bannatyne, p. 71.
[53] Lesley, Bishop of Ross. Bannatyne, p. 71.
[54] Hall, p. 98. Hollinshed, History of Scotland, vol. i. p. 290.
[55] Leland’s Collectanea, vol. iv. p. 267–300. From the narrative of
John Young, Somerset Herald, who was present.
[56] Leland’s Collectanea.
[57] John Young, Somerset Herald. Lord Derby was the husband of her
grandmother, Margaret Richmond. Bouchier, Earl of Essex, was the nephew
of her great-grandfather, Richard, Duke of York, claimant of the
English crown; but the Bouchiers were not descended from the lineal
heiress, Jane Mortimer.
[58] Most of the colleges thus mentioned by the Herald were collegiate
churches.
[59] Somerset Herald’s narrative, in Leland.
[60] Her mother’s uncle and brother, Earl Rivers and Lord Richard Grey,
had been put to death within the memory of man by the orders of Richard
III. at Pontefract.
[61] John Barbour, Archdeacon of Aberdeen, wrote the great actions of
Robert Bruce in the time of his son David, II. Many noble passages
occur in his poems; and it is well worth encountering his rugged
orthography to read them. He was just before the era of Chaucer, to
whom he is perhaps superior as an original author. It was Barbour who
wrote that grand apostrophe often quoted--“Oh Freedom is a noble thing!”
[62] Narrative of the Somerset Herald, in Leland’s Collectanea.
[63] Chambers’ Picture of Scotland, vol. i. p. 47.
[64] Leland’s Collectanea, vol. iv. p. 202. Young’s Journal. MS. of
Anstis, Garter King.
[65] See her Letters, vol. v. State Papers.
[66] So written; but he means Dalkeith.
[67] Sir Ralph Sadler, in his Dispatches to the King of England, Henry
VIII., in 1543, mentions Dalkeith Castle as a place of prodigious
strength, in possession of the Earl of Morton. He says the donjon was
called the Lion’s Den.
[68] Leland’s Collectanea. John Young, Somerset Herald, who was
present, and describes the dress and appearance of James IV. as he saw
him that day, August 3, 1503.
[69] Herald’s Journal. Leland’s Appendix.
[70] Leland’s Collectanea. Narrative of Young, Somerset
Herald.--Anstis’ MS.
[71] Ibid.
[72] Leland’s Coll. Somerset Herald’s Journal.
[73] Leland’s Coll. Somerset Herald’s Journal.
[74] Ibid.
[75] Leland’s Coll. Somerset Herald’s Journal.
[76] Leland’s Coll., Somerset Herald’s Journal.
[77] Leland’s Collectanea. Narrative of Young, Somerset Herald, Anstis’
MS.
[78] Leland’s Collectanea. Narrative of Young, Somerset Herald. Anstis’
MS.
[79] Leland’s Col. John Young, Somerset Herald, &c.
[80] Leland’s Coll. John Young, Somerset Herald, &c.
[81] Who at this period occupied the station called “the lady mistress”
to the daughter of Henry VII.
[82] Leland’s Coll. John Young, Somerset Herald, &c.
[83] A canopy is held over the head of the bride in the Catholic
marriages on the Continent, even when persons of the humblest rank are
married.
[84] Probably what is now called a side-board. As to the bed, state
sleeping-chambers were constantly used as dining or supper rooms until
the seventeenth century. All heralds’ journals will prove this fact.
See the coronation of Elizabeth of York, &c.
[85] Additional MSS. Brit. Museum.
[86] John Young, Somerset Herald, &c.
[87] Ibid.
[88] Dunbar, like most poets, was not over-gifted with this world’s
gear. He was destitute of all support at the commencement of one severe
winter. In order to set forth his claims to royal bounty, he wrote a
supplication in verse in the character of an old broken-down palfrey,
who had grown gray in his King’s service, and needed shelter from the
cold of the approaching Christmas, which his royal lord, he knew, was
too humane to refuse to his creatures, either four-footed or biped.
James the Fourth often answered his petitioners in verse; on this
occasion he took the pen, and wrote off the following order to his
Treasurer:--
“RESPONSIO REGIS.
“After our writing, Treasurer,
Take in this gray horse, old Dunbar,
Which in my _aucht_[89] with service true
In _lyart_[90] changed is his hue.
Go house him now against this Yule!
And _busk_[91] him like a bishop’s mule;
For with my hand I have endorst
To pay whate’er his trappings cost.”
Dunbar, the poet-laureate of James IV., must not be confounded with
another elegant poet, Bishop Gavin Dunbar, nearly of the same era, to
whom Queen Margaret afterward confided the education of her infant son,
James V.
[89] Aid.
[90] Gray.
[91] Adorn him with gay clothes.
[92] Leland’s Collectanea. Young’s Journal. Anstis’ MS.
[93] Ibid.
[94] Leland’s Collectanea. Young’s Journal. Anstis’ MS.
[95] This word, often used by the Somerset Herald, always bears the
meaning of the French word _honnette_, meaning _properly_,
_orderly_, _decorously_.
[96] Young, Somerset Herald, &c.
[97] Young, Somerset Herald, &c.
[98] Sir Henry Ellis’s Historical Letters, First Series.
[99] With these words, John Young, Somerset Herald, finishes his
narrative. He doubtless returned with the Earl of Surrey to England.
[100] Lesley, Bishop of Ross, History of Scotland. Bannatyne, vol. xi.
p. 71.
[101] See her letter before-quoted to Henry VII.
[102] Accounts of the Lord Treasurer; in the Register House, Edinburgh.
[103] Ibid.
[104] Lord Treasurer’s Accounts, Edinburgh Register House.
[105] This place, which has acquired melancholy celebrity as a state
prison, has in later and happier days been graphically described by
that accomplished lyrical poet, the late lamented Caroline, Baroness
Nairne (author of “The Land of the Leal”), in her spirited historical
ballad commemorating the preservation of the crown, scepter, and
regalia of Scotland, in which these lines occur--
“On fair Kincardine’s rocky coast
There’s few that dinna ken yet
Dunottar’s Castle, bald and strong,
Stands towering o’er the main yet.”
--See _Musical Lays from Strathearn_, now first published with the
author’s name.
[106] Sir John Sinclair, Statistical Account, &c., vol. ii.
[107] Balfour’s Annals. He gives the date 1507, of the birth of
Margaret’s first-born son.
[108] History of Galloway, vol. i. p. 422.
[109] History of Galloway.
[110] Bishop Lesley, History of Scotland.
[111] Treasurer’s Accounts, Register House MS., Edinburgh.
[112] Ibid.
[113] Lesley’s History of Scotland.
[114] Ancient Music of Scotland.
[115] So written, Cott. MS., Caligula, B. viii. f. 151.
[116] Cott. MS., Caligula, B. viii. f. 151.
[117] Lesley, p. 80.
[118] Lord Lindsay’s Lives of the Lindsays.
[119] Lesley’s History, p. 84.
[120] Lesley’s History, p. 84.
[121] Sir Henry Ellis’s Historical Letters, first series, vol. i.
[122] Ellis’s Historical Letters.
[123] Ibid.
[124] Dr. West’s letters are dateless; but Bishop Lesley fixes his
embassy May 4, 1512. The date of a letter of Queen Margaret, on the
same subject, is April 9th--therefore, it can not belong to this visit;
but the controversy continued till the battle of Flodden.
[125] Archæologia.
[126] Beauchamp MSS., British Museum.
[127] The infant Prince’s governess.
[128] Some officer of the royal infant’s establishment.
[129] This is one of the Scottish melodies still found among ancient
collections. The air is noted down in Ancient Scottish Melodies,
published for the Maitland Club.
[130] Lesley, p. 86.
[131] Ellis’s Historical Letters, vol. i. series i.
[132] It is remarkable that, in all English documents or chronicles,
the legacy is mentioned as that of her father.
[133] By the schedule of the effects.
[134] Cott. MS., Caligula, b. vi. f. 67.
[135] Lindsay of Pitscottie, folio, p. 108.
[136] This is from an old folio, the first edition from the British
Museum. Dalyell’s edition gives the same, but less quaintly worded.
[137] “The greatest part of the treasure claimed by Queen Margaret
consisted of woman’s jewels and ornaments, which were reported to be
given by will to her by Arthur, her eldest brother.”--(Buchanan, vol.
ii. p. 115.) Other Scottish annalists and historians assert the same;
while the English cotemporaries, who had reason, a very few years
after, to stand in dread of Henry VIII. (who would not have endured
the publication of this proof that Arthur considered his sister nearer
of kin to him than Katharine of Arragon), universally declare that the
legacy was left by Henry VII.--whereas there is no such bequest in his
will, as may be proved by the examination of that document, printed in
the _Testamenta Vetusta_ of our late learned and lamented friend,
Sir Harris Nicolas.
[138] Lesley, History of Scotland, p. 89.
[139] The date of the Lord Lion’s declaration of war, and defiance of
Henry VIII. in his camp, is July 26, 1513.--Lesley, p. 91.
[140] Lindsay of Pitscottie mentions her dream. Folio edition, British
Museum.
[141] Life of John Lesley, Bishop of Ross. Mackenzie’s Lives, vol. ii.
p. 551.
[142] Tytler, p. 56. Pinkerton, vol. ii. p. 96.
[143] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[144] Tradition of Linlithgow.
[145] Groveling--to bend forward with the breast or stomach to the
earth. An East Anglian phrase, still in use among the people of Suffolk.
[146] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[147] Chambers’ Picture of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 63.
[148] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[149] Supposed by Sir Walter Scott to mean Pluto.
[150] Sir Walter Scott asserts it in Marmion, but in poetic license.
[151] Lindsay of Pitscottie mentions him by name in his narrative of
this curious legend. Some pages afterward, he calls him Provost of
Edinburgh.
[152] Lindsay of Pitscottie. Dalyell’s Edition, p. 267, vol. i.
[153] Ibid.
[154] Lindsay of Pitscottie. Dalyell’s Edition, p. 267, vol. i.
[155] Hist. of House of Douglas, by Hume of Godscroft, p. 233.
[156] Ibid.
[157] Cott. MS. Calig. B. ii. f. 277.
[158] Ibid.
[159] Perfect Occurrents, p. 2. Bannatyne.
[160] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[161] Lindsay of Pitscottie. Hume of Godscroft’s History of the
Douglases, p. 233.
[162] The beautiful national lyric, Edinburgh after the Battle of
Flodden, by Professor Aytoun, in his popular volume, ‘Lays of the
Scottish Cavaliers’ affords a mournfully graphic picture of the grief
that pervaded all hearts in the metropolis of Scotland on the arrival
of the fatal news.
[163] John Higgins. “Mirror for Magistrates,” vol. ii. p. 411.
[164] Mackenzie’s Lives of Eminent Scots, vol. ii.
[165] Chambers’ Picture of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 55.
[166] Mackenzie’s Lives, vol. ii. p. 558. Drummond of Hawthornden,
Hist. of Scotland.
[167] Scotland, Enclyclopædia Britannica, vol. xvii. Drummond of
Hawthornden.
[168] Tytler, vol. v. p. 72. From Lord Dacre’s Dispatch, Calig. iii. B.
British Museum. James V. was not eighteen months old at the time of his
father’s death; for, after much inquiry, Pinkerton fixes the day of his
birth as April 10, 1512. We have fixed April 11, from Bishop Lesley, as
Mary Queen of Scots must have known her own father’s birth-day; and she
was his informant. No two historians quote the day of his birth alike;
in several instances even the year is matter of dispute. His father’s
birth-day is as difficult to ascertain. It is probable these dates were
left matters of mystery, in order to baffle the impertinent dealers in
astrology, by setting at fault the calculators of nativities, who were
the pests of Europe at that era. Pinkerton affirms, from Lindsay of
Pitscottie, that the coronation took place at Perth--probably at Scone,
near Perth.
[169] Lord Dacre’s Letter. Cott. MS., Calig. iii.
[170] Drummond of Hawthornden, p. 97. Buchanan, vol. ii. p. 125.
[171] Ibid.
[172] Drummond of Hawthornden, p. 228.
[173] Lord Stafford, one of the victims murdered by Titus Oates’
perjuries in the Popish Plot, concocted by the republicans in the
seventeenth century, left to his niece, the night before his execution,
a plain iron sword, and a large turquoise-ring, part of the personal
spoils of James IV., long retained in the Howard family. The ring is
said to be that of the Queen of France, which caused Queen Margaret’s
jealousy; but if it be indeed Anne of Bretagne’s ring, that gem is
strangely overvalued in chronicle at nineteen thousand crowns. These
relics are now in the Herald’s College.
[174] Stowe’s Annals.
[175] Spalding Papers.
[176] Drummond of Hawthornden, p. 229.
[177] Mackenzie’s Lives, vol. ii. p. 558.
[178] Buchanan, vol. ii. Book xiii. p. 127.
[179] Ibid. vol. i. Book xiii. p. 130.
[180] Ibid.
[181] Cal. iii., B. British Museum.
[182] Ibid. Letter of Lord Dacre.
[183] Hume of Godscroft’s Hist. of the House of Douglas, p. 234.
[184] History of the Drummonds.
[185] Hume of Godscroft’s Hist. of Douglas, pp. 238, 239.
[186] Ibid.
[187] Ibid. 237.
[188] Mackenzie’s Lives, vol. ii. p. 558.
[189] Ibid. p. 302
[190] Gavin Douglas’s Palace of Honor.
[191] Lord Strathallan’s MS., quoted in History of Drummond Family.
[192] Harleian MS., Plutus 6986, f. 32.
[193] Life of Bishop Lesley. Mackenzie’s Lives, vol. ii. p. 559.
[194] Godscroft’s Hist. of the Douglases, p. 241.
[195] History of the Drummonds. Scott’s Hist. of Gowrie.
[196] Sir Walter Scott has owned to making an anachronism of
twenty-seven years, by quoting Sir David Lindsay as James IV.’s Lord
Lion.
[197] Memorial of Queen Margaret. Cott. MS. b. vi. f. 108.
[198] Lesley, p. 102. Strathallan MS. Scott’s Hist. of Gowrie.
[199] This happened soon after her marriage became public, according to
Hollinshed’s History of Scotland, vol. i. p. 301.
[200] Cott. MS. Cal. B. i. fol. 164.
[201] Margaret’s geographical definitions are not very correct, but the
words are hers.
[202] Cott. MS. ibid.
[203] Ibid. It seems probable that the personal violence Angus offered
to the Lord Chancellor and his Great Seal occurred after the date of
this letter, November, 1514, unless the Parliament had a new Great Seal
made.
[204] Cotton MS. Calig., B. iii. f. 278. Queen Margaret to Henry VIII,
Jan. 23, Perth.
[205] Douglas Peerage.
[206] Her mother was a princess of the house of Bourbon.
[207] Hume of Godscroft, who abuses Albany for his ungraciousness to
Lord Home, his clansman.
[208] Hume of Godscroft.
[209] Lesley’s History of Scotland, p. 102.
[210] Ibid. p. 103.
[211] Cott. MS., Calig. B. vi. f. 115, British Museum.
[212] Cott. MS., ibid.
[213] Ibid.
[214] Cott. MS., Cal. B. ii. f. 281, July, 1515. Pinkerton and
Tytler have referred to the letter of Lord Dacre to the Council: it
is evidently from the information of Dr. Magnus, an English priest,
usually resident at Edinburgh as Margaret’s confessor, and as the
resident-minister for English affairs.
[215] Cott. Cal. ii. p. 348.
[216] The words of Lord Dacre’s dispatch are--“And the Earl of
_Anguish_ said, and showed openly, it was his _woll_ and mind
that the King and his brother should be delivered according to the
decree of parliament; and thereupon desired to give an instrument, for
fear of losing his life and lands.”
[217] Lord Dacre’s narrative to the council of England, Cott. MS.
Calig. B. ii. 281. Aug. 1515.
[218] Lord Dacre’s Letter. Cott. MS. Calig. B. ii. 281. Aug. 1515.
[219] Pinkerton. Lesley, p. 108.
[220] Ibid.
[221] Cott. MS., Calig. B. vi. f. 84. Printed in the original
orthography by Sir H. Ellis. Historical Letters, vol. i. p. 127. First
series.
[222] Cott. MS.
[223] See the detail of the ceremonial of the Queen’s taking her
chamber, Lives of Queens of England, Elizabeth of York.
[224] Lesley, History of Scotland, p. 103; likewise the Queen’s
dispatch to Dacre by Robin Kerr, Calig. B. vi. fol. 85.
[225] Lesley, ibid. Pinkerton. Queen’s dispatch, Cott. MSS. ibid.
[226] Lesley’s History of Scotland, p. 104.
[227] State Papers, Magnus’ Dispatches, vol. iv. Printed history
declares that she came from Tantallan to Berwick direct, and was from
thence sent to Coldstream by the Captain of Berwick. Drummond of
Hawthornden asserts this; but it is doubtful.
[228] Cottonian MS. Caligula, B. ii. p. 216. Such is the only wrong,
much worth reciting, in the celebrated paper intituled, “Wrongs of the
Queen.”
[229] Lord Dacre’s letter, Cott. MS. Calig. B. vi.
[230] Lesley, History of Scotland, p. 104.
[231] Lord Dacre’s letter, Cott. MS., Calig. B. vi. Printed by Sir
Henry Ellis, vol. i. 265.
[232] Cott. MS., Caligula, B. vi. Before a babe was baptized in ancient
times it was only ranked as a little animal, baptisms raising it to
the dignity and privileges of a human being. At this day, if you ask a
peasant in Bretagne, or a contadina of Italy, after the welfare of her
new-born infant, if it is before baptism, she has no better term for it
than “my creature.” But after baptism, _until the child has begun to
sin_, it is viewed with great respect as a stainless Christian soul.
Queen Margaret’s meaning is derived from such ideas.
[233] Ellis. Historical Letters.
[234] Pinkerton, vol. ii. The deed called a “band” is dated October 15,
1515.
[235] Tytler’s Scotland, vol. v. p. 294.
[236] Life of Bishop Lesley, Mackenzie’s Lives; confirmed by Cott.,
Calig. ii. f. 173. _Wrongs of the Queen._
[237] Life of Lesley.
[238] Letters of Lord Dacre and Lord Scrope. Queens of England, Life of
Katharine Parr.
[239] Lesley, p. 105.
[240] Life of Lesley. Mackenzie’s Lives.
[241] Wrongs done to the Queen, MS. Cott. Calig. B. ii. 173. Drawn up
by Gavin Douglas.
[242] Lesley, p. 105. Mackenzie’s Lives, vol. ii. p. 562.
[243] Ibid.
[244] Hall and Hollinshed, vol. i. p. 837.
[245] Ibid.
[246] Mackenzie’s Lives, vol. ii. p. 562.
[247] Cott. MS., Calig. B. i. fol. 20. Edited in the original
orthography by Sir H. Ellis. Historical Letters, vol. i. p. 129. First
series.
[248] Hall’s Chronicle, black letter, eighth year of Henry VIII.
Hollinshed, vol. i. p. 838.
[249] Ibid.; likewise Mackenzie’s Lives, vol. ii. p. 562.
[250] Hollinshed, black letter, folio, vol. i. p. 838. Hall, eighth
year of Henry VIII. f. 49.
[251] Cott. MS., Vesp. F. iii. fol. 36. Edited in the original
orthography by Sir H. Ellis, Hist. Letters, vol. i. p. 128. First
series, August, 1516.
[252] Cott. MS., B. i. f. 150. Lord Dacre’s letter to Wolsey.
[253] The cheveron is the pointed hood like that worn by Elizabeth of
York, and afterward modified to the fashion worn by Anne Boleyn: it was
not worn by Mary Queen of Scots.
[254] The allusion here is to Queen Margaret’s faithless conduct in
regard to her husband’s will. She took all his assets, and left his
debts unpaid--conduct which proves her laxity in her religion, the
Roman Catholics being exceedingly scrupulous regarding the debts of a
defunct, and duties of an executor.
[255] The author fully agrees with Mr. Devon of the Chapter House,
to whose friendship the publication of this curious MS. is owing. He
says:--
“The _modern_ endorsements being generally wrong, I have my
doubts whether it is Queen Mary or Queen Margaret, sister of
Henry VIII. I think, from the handwriting, it is the latter; but
perhaps, from some internal evidence, you can determine. Queen
Margaret, after her second marriage, came to England.
“However, such as it is I send it, and only hope it may prove
interesting.
“FRED. DEVON.”
[256] Edited by A. Macdonald, Esq., General Register House, Edinburgh,
who has kindly favored us with a copy of his inestimable labors.
[257] Probably the French word _bagues_, formerly used not only
for rings, but for all kinds of _pendants_ and trinkets, p. 5,
ibid.
[258] Stowe’s London; and Pennant’s London (improved), p. 107.
[259] Wilkinson’s Londona Illustrata, vol. i.
[260] Lord Dacre’s Dispatches vol. iv. State Papers.
[261] Cott. MS. Calig. B. ii. fol. 283.
[262] Cott. MS. Calig. B. i. fol. 202. Edited in the original
orthography by Sir. H. Ellis. Historical Letters, vol. i. p. 130. First
series.
[263] Hollinshed, black letter, vol. xi. p. 339. Hall, black letter,
fol. 49.
[264] Cott. MSS.
[265] Pinkerton, vol. i. p. 169, from a Letter of Clarencieux, dated
November 30, 1516.
[266] Ibid.
[267] Cott. MS, Calig. B. i. folio 251, printed in the original
orthography, by Sir H. Ellis.
[268] Ancient Ballad on Evil May-day (Evans’s Collection), supposed
to be written by T. Churchyard, cotemporary to the facts; Toone’s
Chronology also records the matter of fact.
[269] It seems likely that it was on this solemn day of civic
penitentials that the intercession was made by the three sister-queens,
because the pardon was publicly granted by Henry VIII. sitting in
judgment on the King’s Bench in Westminster Hall, May 19, 1517, the day
after Margaret’s departure to the north. Hall’s Chronicle.
[270] Cott. MS., Calig. B. vi. There are several alterations in the
paging of these MSS., in pencil, so that it is impossible to make a
definite quotation.
[271] Her letter, Cott. Vesp. xiii. MS. It is useless to quote the
folio, as the Catalogue does not agree with the MSS.
[272] Hall and Hollinshed, vol. ii. p. 844.
[273] Life of Lesley, Mackenzie’s Lives, vol. ii. p. 564, 565; likewise
Lord Herbert’s Life of Henry VIII.
[274] Ibid.
[275] Cott. Vesp., xiii.
[276] Cott. MS., Cal. B. i. It is one of Mr. Nethercliff’s specimens
among his ingenious and valuable fac-similes.
[277] Cott. MS., Calig. B. i.
[278] Ibid.
[279] She held courts at her Castle of Newark, in Ettrick, in the reign
of her son James V.
[280] Hume of Godscroft, p. 249.
[281] Pinkerton, vol. ii. p. 174.
[282] Cott. MS., Calig. B. i.
[283] Cott. MS., Calig. B. i.
[284] Cott. MS., Calig. B. xi. fol. 195. Ellis’s Historical Letters,
vol. ii. p. 276, second series.
[285] Letter of Mary Queen of Scots from France, Register Office,
Edinburgh. Edited by Labanoff.
[286] Cott. MS., Calig. B. ii. fol. 195. Sir H. Ellis’s Historical
Letters. Third series, vol. i. p. 287.
[287] Cott. MS., Calig. B. ii. fol. 195. Sir H. Ellis’s Historical
Letters. Third series, vol. i. p. 287. Letter to Wolsey, October, 1521.
[288] State Papers, published by Commissioners, 1830. Part i. p. 91.
[289] Cott. MS., Cal. B. vi. 205. Dec. 1521.
[290] Ibid.
[291] Pinkerton.
[292] Cott. MS., Calig. B. vi. f. 232. Pinkerton has printed it at
length in his Appendix.
[293] There is a terrible series of letters in the Chapter House,
Westminster, against her from Wolsey’s correspondents, which might well
raise the wrath of Henry VIII.
[294] Sir Henry Ellis, Historical Letters, third series, vol. ii. p.
53. No dates; but the circumstances agree with this epoch of Margaret’s
life.
[295] Sir Henry Ellis, Historical Letters, third series, vol. ii. p.
289.
[296] Ibid.
[297] MS. Harleian, 1224, art. 25, translated from the French by J. O.
Halliwell. Letters of the Kings of England, vol. i. p. 267.
[298] MS. Harleian, 1224, art. 25, translated from the French by J. O.
Halliwell. Letters of the Kings of England, vol. i. p. 267.
[299] The letter is dated January 31, and must have been written in
1521–2. Original Letters, edited by Sir H. Ellis. Third Series, vol. i.
p. 299.
[300] Letter of Henry VIII. to John, Duke of Albany. Cott. MSS., edited
by J. O. Halliwell. Letters of Kings of England.
[301] Lesley, p. 117.
[302] Bishop Lesley, Hist. of Scotland, p. 122.
[303] Lindsay of Pitscottie. He, or his editors, have displaced Angus’
forced sojourn in France, but the circumstances are correct, since
Angus was never sent there but once by Albany.
[304] Bishop Lesley’s History of Scotland, p. 118.
[305] Ibid. 191.
[306] Dispatches of Lord Dacre to Wolsey. Cott. MS., Cal. B. vi. f. 270.
[307] State Papers, vol. iv. Queen Margaret to Cardinal Wolsey, Dec.
26, 1522.
[308] State Papers, vol. iv. Queen Margaret to Cardinal Wolsey, Dec.
26, 1522.
[309] Mackenzie’s Lives. It likewise occurs in the State Papers. It
seems a small circumstance, but it is a most important link in the life
of Margaret Tudor.
[310] This note seems to be written in 1523, in March or early in April
of that year.
[311] He was, as well as his namesake the other Gavin (of the house of
Douglas), a poet of great estimation in his day.
[312] To walk or run alone. We render, as far as possible, our extracts
from Sir David Lindsay into modern orthography, in hopes that our
southern readers may admire him as much as we do.
[313] Cupbearer.
[314] The Complaint of the Papingo was written in 1529. Sir David
Lindsay employed the leisure with which Queen Margaret had most
ungratefully furnished him, by composing a series of naïve and charming
reminiscences of the young King’s infancy and youth, which awoke all
James’s affections, and caused the recall of his early friend to public
life, by crowning him Lion King-at-arms in 1530.--Tytler’s Life of Sir
David Lindsay.
[315] Sir David Lindsay’s Dream, written for the instruction of the
young King.
[316] Of high genius.
[317] Julius Cæsar.
[318] Pompey.
[319] Cole MSS. British Museum.
[320] State Papers, published by Commission, 1836, vol. iv. p. 4.
Margaret to Surrey.
[321] Of such ingratitude James’s letters, when he arrived at years of
real discretion, entirely acquit him.
[322] State Papers, &c.
[323] Pinkerton, vol. ii. p. 480.
[324] State Papers, published by Commission, 1836. Vol. iv. p. 4.
[325] Ibid.
[326] Cott. MS., Calig. B. i. fol. 302. Printed by Sir H. Ellis in the
original orthography. Historical Letters, vol. i. p. 204. First series,
Sept. 1523.
[327] Ibid.
[328] It seems that, on the 25th of September, Lord Dacre had sent
his kinsman, Walter Strickland, of Sizergh Castle, and his three
hundred Kendal men, to attack the stronghold of Kerr of Fernihirst
with artillery. To the surprise of all parties, after a desperate
onslaught, Strickland and his “men of Kent-dale bold” were repulsed.
On the whole, the Scots had the best of it in the desultory warfare of
that day. Then, at night, the English camp was terribly discomfited by
the invasion of some spiritual adversary, on whose inbreak they had
not calculated. The mischief done, although gravely attributed to the
foul fiend, was most likely effected by some clever rogues of Border
horse-boys; for, as soon as it was dark, the whole of the horses of
the English army broke loose into their camp, and, mad with terror,
charged their masters; who, taking them for the Scottish cavalry, shot
at them with their arrows and guns. They shot away a hundred sheaves of
arrows in this strange combat. Fifty of the English steeds committed
_felo-de-se_ by galloping over a steep precipice, and more than
two hundred and fifty thought fit to rush into the flames of Jedburgh,
where they were caught by Scotchwomen, who, according to the proverb of
“an ill wind that blows nobody good,” were seeking what they could find
in the conflagration. They did not expect the horses of their enemies,
but they were glad of all they could get, and led them away, though
some “be right evil burnt” says Lord Surrey. “I think there is lost
above eight hundred horses. I dare not write,” he adds sarcastically,
“the wonders Lord Dacre and all his company do say they saw that night,
of sprites and fearful sights; and universally all their company say
plainly that the devil was that night among them six times.”[329]
Notwithstanding the earnestness of the Queen’s messages, urging the
invasion of her adopted country. Lord Dacre camped but one night in
Scotland, and then, according to the above document, he met with a
strange reception. Assuredly that night was signalized by a combat
unheard of in the annals of warfare, of an army against its own horses.
It has been a fashion in history to decry Albany and his regency;
but those who can appreciate his difficulties, from the divisions he
encountered in the country, the formidable enemy he had on its Borders,
and, worse than all, the treacherous espionage of Queen Margaret, who
betrayed the most important proceedings of his council to the English,
must allow Albany to have been a very great man, even to have preserved
the Scottish monarchy for his young kinsman. The fact was, that he not
only gave the English a warm reception when they crossed his frontier,
but more frequently invaded them.]
[329] Cott. MS., B. ii. fol. 29. Printed by Sir H. Ellis. Historical
Letters, vol. i. p. 217. First series.
[330] State Paper Commission, printed 1836, vol. iv. p. 310.
[331] She means Flodden by “the field.”
[332] Richard de la Pole, called the Knight of the White Rose, was
Margaret’s near relative, the youngest and bravest of the semi-royal
family of Suffolk, on whom the crown of England had been entailed
by his uncle Richard III. He was first cousin to Margaret’s mother,
Elizabeth of York.
[333] Cott. MS., Calig. B. i. p. 117.
[334] State Papers, vol. iv. p. 56.
[335] Cott. MS., Calig. B. vi. f. 315.
[336] The letter is dated Stirling, on St. Catherine’s Eve, being Nov.
24, 1523.
[337] Pinkerton. He speaks without any certain authority; but the death
of the Duchess of Albany is mentioned in the Memoirs of Martin du
Bellay as occurring about that time.
[338] Pinkerton.
[339] State Papers.
[340] Cott. MS., B. xi. f. 246. Printed in the original orthography,
Ellis’s Letters, first series, vol. i. p. 241.
[341] Cott. MS., B. xi. f. 246.
[342] Dacre to Wolsey, State Papers, vol. iv. p. 83.
[343] Margaret to Henry VIII. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 81.
[344] See Historical Letters, edited by Sir H. Ellis. Second Series.
Martin du Bellay, Brantôme, and all the French chroniclers of that era,
speak with admiration of Albany’s personal conduct at this terrible
juncture for France.
[345] State Papers.--Letter of Queen Margaret to the English Council,
vol. iv. p. 118. At Edinburgh, Aug. 31, 1524.
[346] Cott. MS., Calig. B. vi. fol. 402.
[347] Cott. MS., Calig. B. vi. fol. 402.
[348] Perfect Occurrents, p. 9.
[349] State Papers, vol. iv. p. 148. Norfolk to Wolsey, Sept. 1524.
[350] State Papers, vol. iv. p. 148. Norfolk to Wolsey, Sept. 1524.
[351] Norfolk to Wolsey, Barnard Castle, Sept. 14, 1524. State Papers,
vol. iv. p. 126.
[352] Wolsey to Norfolk, State Papers, vol. iv. p. 155.
[353] State Papers, vol. iv. pp. 157, 158. Arran to Henry VIII., Oct.
3, 1524.
[354] State Papers, vol. iv. p. 168. Margaret to Norfolk, Oct. 6, 1524.
[355] Wolsey to Norfolk, vol. iv. p. 181, Oct. 10, 1524.
[356] The Complaint, by Sir David Lindsay.
[357] The guard of two hundred men which Henry VIII. paid to be about
his nephew James V., with no good purpose.
[358] _Pluck the craw._ Perhaps synonymous to being pigeoned by
gamblers.
[359] Boast.
[360] Mock.
[361] Preceptor: he was afterward Archbishop of Glasgow.
[362] Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 208–9.
[363] State Papers, ibid. p. 209. Magnus to Wolsey, Nov. 2, 1524.
[364] State Papers, vol. iv. p. 209. Magnus to Wolsey.
[365] State Papers, vol. iv. p. 213. Magnus to Wolsey.
[366] Ibid.
[367] State Papers, vol. iv. p. 213. Magnus to Wolsey.
[368] Ibid.
[369] Ibid. p. 217.
[370] Cottonian MS., Calig. B. vi. p. 372. State Papers, vol. iv. p.
217, note.
[371] Magnus to Norfolk, State Papers, vol. iv. p. 228.
[372] November 4. Magnus and Radclyffe to Angus. State Papers.
[373] Wolsey to Norfolk, State Papers, vol. iv. p. 219.
[374] Ibid. 220.
[375] Ibid. 221.
[376] Norfolk to Wolsey, State Papers, vol. iv. p. 226, November 5,
1524.
[377] Ibid.
[378] Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 239, November 10.
Sometimes Magnus holds the pen, sometimes Radclyffe, in the same
letter, which they indicate by the words of, “I, Thomas Magnus,” or
“I, Roger Radclyffe.” The person they call by the odd appellation of
“Hob-a-Barton” is no other than Queen Margaret’s old servant, Robin
Barton, comptroller of her household, often mentioned in her previous
adventures.
[379] Magnus to Wolsey, Edinburgh, Nov. 10, 1524. Illustrations of
Scottish History, p. 102--Maitland Club.
[380] Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers, vol. v. Nov. 26, 1524.
[381] Ibid.
[382] Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers, vol. v. Nov. 26, 1524.
[383] Ibid.
[384] Margaret to Wolsey, Nov. 28. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 264.
[385] Angus to Wolsey, Nov. 28, State Papers, vol. iv. p. 265.
[386] Magnus to Wolsey, Nov. 27. State Papers, p. 270.
[387] State Papers, p. 272. Norfolk to Wolsey.
[388] Lesley’s History, p. 130.
[389] Ibid.
[390] Magnus to Wolsey, Dec. 27. State Papers, p. 278.
[391] Documents relative to the history of Scotland in the archives of
France.
[392] Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 307.
[393] Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 307. Jan. 24, 1524–5.
[394] The Earl of Cassilis, Scotch ambassador about James V.’s marriage
with Mary Tudor, came home to Edinburgh from London, Jan. 8, 1524–5,
therefore the scene between Harry and Groselles must have taken place
between that date and Jan. 24, the date of Magnus’s letter edited by
our learned friend Mr. Stevenson. Illustrations of Scottish History, p.
125–131. Maitland Club. Mr. Stevenson quotes the French envoy’s name as
“Courcelles.”
[395] Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 278.
[396] Ibid. p. 331.
[397] Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 334.
[398] State Papers, p. 339. Magnus to Wolsey, March 9.
[399] Ibid. p. 348, March 31, 1525.
[400] Magnus to Wolsey, March 31, 1525. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 349,
350.
[401] Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers, April 16, 1525.
[402] Angus to Henry VIII., Edinburgh, June 8, 1525. State Papers, vol.
iv. p. 378.
[403] Magnus to Wolsey, June 23, 1525. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 385.
[404] Dr. Magnus to Wolsey, State Papers, published by Commission,
1830, vol. i. p. 385, August 9, 1523.
[405] Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 400.
[406] Magnus to Wolsey, January 11, 1525. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 432.
[407] Angus to Magnus, January 20, 1525–6. State Papers, vol. iv. p.
438.
[408] State Papers, vol. iv. p. 403.
[409] Lennox disputed the legality of Arran’s divorces and marriages.
[410] September 4, 1526. Letter of Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers.
[411] September 13, 1526. Letter of Magnus to Wolsey. State Papers.
[412] Pinkerton, Appendix, vol. ii. Dec. 1526.
[413] Quoted by Warton as an ode in the Scots dialect by Stuart, for
the New Year of 1527.
[414] State Papers, vol. v. Jan. 1526–7.
[415] Mackenzie’s Lives. vol. ii. p. 572.
[416] Ibid.
[417] State Papers, vol. iv. p. 490; April.
[418] Lettre de M. de Turenne au Duc d’Albany, en Archives du Royaume
de France. Printed in Pièces et Documens Inédits, relatifs à l’Histoire
d’Ecosse--unpublished.
[419] Correspondence of Dr. Magnus with Wolsey. Cottonian MS., March 6,
1526–7.
[420] Magnus to Wolsey, Calig. B. iii. p. 301.
[421] Lord Herbert of Cherbury alone mentions Margaret’s proceedings,
but with great caution, though he wrote as late as the reign of James I.
[422] Pièces et Documens Inédits, relatifs à l’Histoire d’Ecosse--in
the Archives of the Kingdom of France.
[423] Pièces et Documens Inédits, relatifs à l’Histoire d’Ecosse--in
the Archives of the Kingdom of France.
[424] Lesley’s Hist. p. 140.
[425] Mackenzie’s Lives, vol. ii. p. 572, and State Papers. Magnus’s
Letters, vol. v.
[426] Lindsay of Pitscottie, p. 329.
[427] Buchanan, p. 158, book xiv. Lesley, p. 139. Lindsay says
September was the month.
[428] Godscroft, p. 257.
[429] Ibid. p. 256.
[430] Topographical History of Scotland, by S. Lewis, vol. ii.
[431] Letter of Henry VIII. Halliwell’s Letters of the Kings of
England, vol. ii. p. 276.
[432] State Papers, vol. v. Letter of William Lord Dacre.
[433] Ibid. Lord Eure to Wolsey, vol. iv., Sept. 1528.
[434] Margaret to Magnus. State Papers, vol. iv. p. 533. Edinburgh,
Nov. 21.
[435] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[436] So written.
[437] State Papers, vol. v., June, 1532.
[438] Ibid. Newark near Ettrick.
[439] State Papers, vol. v. p. 2.
[440] Margaret to Henry VIII., Dec. 12, 1534. State Papers, vol. v. p.
10.
[441] Margaret to Henry VIII., Dec. 12, 1534. State Papers, vol. v. p.
12.
[442] State Papers, vol. v. p. 12.
[443] State Papers, vol. v. p. 13.
[444] Ibid. p. 20.
[445] Ibid. p. 30.
[446] Lord William Howard to Henry VIII. State Papers, April 25, 1536,
vol. v. p. 41.
[447] Afterward celebrated in history as the Regent Murray.
[448] State Papers, vol. v. p. 41.
[449] Ibid. p. 43.
[450] Howard and Barlow, May 13. State Papers, vol. v. p. 47.
[451] Ibid. p. 48.
[452] State Papers, vol. v. p. 48.
[453] Howard’s Letter, State Papers, vol. v. p. 48.
[454] State Papers. Ibid. p. 52.
[455] State Papers, vol. v. p. 53.
[456] Ibid. p. 59.
[457] See Life of Magdalene, Queen of James V.
[458] State Papers, vol. v. 59.
[459] State Papers, vol. v. p. 50.
[460] Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Life of Henry VIII. Perfect History,
vol. ii. p. 201. Lord Herbert is very correct in his history, having
submitted to the guidance of the State Papers. He has evidently seen a
few letters which have escaped modern editors. This might well be, as
he wrote more than two centuries earlier.
[461] Henry VIII. to Margaret (Queen-mother of Scotland), edited by J.
O. Halliwell, in letters of the Kings of England, vol. i. p. 275.
[462] State Papers, vol. v. p. 62. December, 1536.
[463] Scott’s “History of the Gowries.” Sir James Mackintosh’s England.
[464] State Papers, vol. v. p. 63.
[465] Rothesay Herald.
[466] State Papers, vol. v. p. 77. Cromwell to Queen Margaret, May 14,
1537.
[467] Pinkerton, vol. ii. p. 351.
[468] See the ensuing biography, Life of Magdalene of France.
[469] Cott. MS. Calig. B. i.
[470] State Papers, vol. v. June 7, 1537.
[471] State Papers, vol. v. June 7, 1537. It seems this envoy was
the famous David Beton, afterward Cardinal, who was thus personally
acquainted with Henry VIII.
[472] State Papers, vol. v. June 7, 1537.
[473] State Papers, vol. v. p. 103.
[474] The date has been questioned as a mistake, but more than one
instance occurs in history similar, as some of Queen Elizabeth’s
dispatches to Fotheringay; likewise the speed with which the news of
that monarch’s death reached her successor.
[475] State Papers, vol. v. p. 120. Dated Oct. 14, 1537.
[476] Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Perfect Hist. vol. ii. p. 212.
[477] State Papers, vol. v. p. 119. Dundee, Oct. 16.
[478] Ibid. p. 126. Dec. 1, 1537.
[479] State Papers, vol. v. p. 127.
[480] Ibid.
[481] Ibid. p. 181.
[482] March 29, 1540–41, State Papers. Pinkerton’s Appendix, vol. ii.
p. 499.
[483] State Papers, Royal letters.
[484] State Papers, vol. v. Nov. 1541.
[485] Ibid. Letter of Harry Ray. All historians place Queen Margaret’s
death a year earlier; but this letter from the State Papers is
decisive. Bishop Lesley falls into the mistake of the others.
[486] Fleming and Mercer’s MS. Chronicle, in Scott’s Lives of the
Gowries.
[487] Burnet asserts the contrary; but, his errors being systematic, he
and truth are seldom on the same side. The species of claim insinuated
by the Ruthvens is thus expressed by one of their partisans, in the
seventeenth century, quoted in Scott’s History of the Gowries:
“King James slew Gowrie without fear or shame,
His brothers closely keepit in the Tower;
And while they lived ne’er slept a quiet hour.
Queen Margaret’s grandson _nigher in degree_,
“Was Gowrie’s ruin, and King James’s plea.”
They were not descended from Margaret Tudor in any degree, either near
or far, but only from Jeane Douglas, the daughter of her divorced
husband Angus, by Lady Janet Stuart, his concealed wife; that lady
being aunt to the unfortunate Lord Darnley, gave a nearness in blood
to James VI., which he acknowledged to his own infinite trouble. Those
historians who can find no motives for the attacks of the Ruthvens on
Mary, Queen of Scots, and her son, will do well (if their object is
indeed truth) to examine closely their mysterious alliances with the
royal family. For if Darnley and his race were destroyed, and Queen
Margaret’s divorce acted upon, Ruthven’s wife and children had claims
on the great personal wealth of Archibald, Earl of Angus, to say
nothing of his earldom, which was a disputed point.
[488] Chronicles of France and Bretagne.
[489] Chronicle l’Histoire de France, par Humbert Vellay, vol. iv. p.
292.
[490] Journal of Louisa of Savoy, printed in Gnichenou’s History of
Savoy, tome v. Prennes, p. 461.
[491] Chronicle l’Histoire de France. Humbert Vellay.
[492] See Life of Anne Boleyn, vol. iv. Lives of the Queens of England.
[493] Inventory of Jewels, &c., pertaining to King James V., taken in
November, 1542, Book of the Royal Wardrobe and Jewel House of Scotland,
edited by Thomas Thomson, Esq.
[494] Royal Genealogies of France. Mezeray’s Hist. France. Les Vies des
Dames Illustres de France.
[495] Les Vies des Dames Illustres de France.
[496] Tableaux Génealogiques de la Maison Royale de France. Par P.
Lappe, p. 45. Other authorities date the death of Claude, October 26,
1524.
[497] Bacon’s Life of Francis I.
[498] Archives of the Kingdom of France, J. 965.
[499] Archives of the Kingdom of France, J. 965.
[500] Brantôme, Mezeray.
[501] Inedited Pieces relative to the History of Scotland in the
Archives of France.
[502] Brantôme.
[503] Buchanan.
[504] Bacon’s Life and Times of Francis I.
[505] Brantôme. Du Bellay. Varillas. Robertson’s Charles V. Bacon’s
Francis I.
[506] Lives of the Queens of England, vol. iv.
[507] Diurnal of Occurrents, in the charter-chest of Sir John Maxwell
of Polloc, Bart. Printed for the Bannatyne Club.
[508] Bibliothèque du Roi, Collection Dupuy, dated Lyons the 23d day
of June, 1533. From the privately printed copy of Pièces et Documents
Inédits, Relatifs a l’Histoire d’Ecosse.
[509] Buchanan. Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[510] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[511] Buchanan.
[512] Buchanan.
[513] Ibid. Tytler.
[514] This document, which is in Latin, is dated the 29th day of March,
1535, and is preserved in the archives of the kingdom of France, sealed
with the Great Seal of that realm, in yellow wax.
[515] This fact is certified by a document in the Archives of the
kingdom of France, dated January --, 1536, by which James V., King of
Scotland, acknowledges to having “received from the treasurers of his
Majesty Francis I. of France the sum of a hundred thousand livres, in
twenty thousand gold crowns of the sun, as the first installment on the
hundred thousand crowns promised to him by the King on the occasion of
his marriage with Marie de Bourbon, daughter of the Duc de Vendôme.”
[516] Lindsay of Pitscottie. Diurnal of Occurrents. Lesley’s History of
James V.
[517] Lindsay of Pitscottie. Buchanan.
[518] Ibid.
[519] Diurnal of Occurrents, p. 21. Printed for the Bannatyne Club.
[520] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[521] My grateful acknowledgments are due to Alexander Macdonald, Esq.,
for the loan of his transcript of that highly curious document lately
discovered by him among the Royal Exchequer records in the Register
House, Edinburgh.
[522] Compotus of the Archbishop of St. Andrews, by courteous
permission from Mr. Macdonald’s MSS. note-book.
[523] Copies of these letters, written in the old Scotch dialect and
orthography of the period, are in the Cott. Coll., Calig. B. iii. 293,
British Museum.
[524] Anthony Bourbon (the brother of Mary of Vendôme), who became
titular King of Navarre by his marriage with Jeanne d’Albret, the
daughter of Magdalene’s aunt, Margaret de Valois, was the father of the
renowned Henry IV. of France by that marriage.
[525] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[526] Chronicle of Drummond of Hawthornden.
[527] Buchanan.
[528] This fortress, furnished with artillery by France, was still kept
for the Duke of Albany by a French garrison. Pinkerton, vol. ii. p. 339.
[529] MSS. Cotton., Caligula, B. iii. 293.
[530] Ibid.
[531] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[532] Ibid.
[533] Ibid.
[534] Lindsay of Pitscottie’s Chronicle.
[535] Ibid.
[536] Only a quaint obsolete term for illness, literally
_mal-ease_.
[537] See the previously quoted letter to Sir George Douglas, dated
October 22.
[538] Wardrobe Book of Scotland.
[539] Historie of Scotland, by Lesley, Bishop of Ross. Printed for the
Bannatyne Club.
[540] Mezeray. History of France, vol. ii. p. 526.
[541] Chronicles of Scotland by Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[542] Drummond of Hawthornden. Lesley.
[543] Perhaps the second Margaret of Valois was inferior to her sister
in delicate and fragile beauty; but she bears a high character for
virtue and learning among royal ladies. Margaret was the only one
of the daughters of Francis I. who survived him. She was married at
thirty-five to Philibert Emmanuel, Prince of Savoy.
[544] There is a beautiful copy of the articles of marriage, between
James V. of Scotland and Madame Magdalene of France, in Latin,
preserved in the Advocates’ Library in Edinburgh.
[545] Chronicles of Scotland. James V.
[546] The spy to whom we are indebted for the inimical anecdotes
of James’s adventures in France, urges the Douglases to solicit
Henry VIII.’s most effectual letters for their pardon and recall to
Scotland, to be delivered to James V. on the day of his bridal, which,
adds he, “is to be on St. Katherine’s day, if all promises are kept;
nevertheless the letters of Henry VIII. should be with the King of
France (who was to be the pleader in the case) the evening before the
marriage. Cause the writings ye shall send me to be delivered in Depe
(Dieppe) to George Hume.”
These directions could never be complied with, for some English person
captured the dispatches while overhauling the Scotch messenger’s
budget either by sea or land, and the copies remain in the Cottonian
Collection with this significant endorsement--“_The trew coppys of
the Scottysh lettres, taken of lait from a Scott, good as I thinke to
be seyn (seen)._”
[547] Francis I. had contrived, it seems, to pacify the Duc de Vendôme
for the slight his daughter had received, probably by pleading the
uncontrollable love of his own girl to the King of Scotland, and the
pre-contract, which, under those circumstances, would have prevented a
lawful marriage between that Prince and any other lady. Moreover, he
had been so obliging as to provide another consort of suitable rank for
the Lady Mary of Vendôme, if she would have been content to espouse
him; her truant lover, the King of Scots, had offered to bestow her
upon him at the altar. But she indignantly declined all matrimonial
overtures, and declared her preference of a convent.
[548] Registres du Parlement, 1536. Bibliothèque du Roi, Collection
Dupuy, tome 325. Printed in Pièces et Documents Inédits relatifs à
l’Histoire d’Ecosse. Unpublished.
[549] Ibid.
[550] Which formerly decorated the gallery of the Luxembourg Palace,
and was purchased by the late Earl of Elgin in Paris, soon after the
Revolution.
[551] Encyclopædia Britannica, Art. Scotland.
[552] The well-known tradition related by Sir Walter Scott has evident
reference to this historical incident. “He (James V.) told some French
nobles who were his guests on one occasion, that they should see served
up, after dinner, the fruits of his country. They did not expect any
very rich dessert, from the gray and cold aspect of the hills, but
were agreeably surprised at the appearance of a charger full of his
beautiful gold coins, called his Bonnet pieces, from his effigy struck
thereon in the berret cap he usually wore. The coinage was considered
to be of the brightest and purest gold ever seen in North Britain, and
assuredly a more noble head and profile was never impressed on coin or
medal than the likeness of James in his ordinary garb.”
[553] Records of the French Parliament, Dupuy Collection, Bibl. du Roi.
[554] Lord Treasurer’s Accounts, Register House, Edinburgh.
[555] Chronicles of Scotland, James V.
[556] Mezeray’s Hist. of France, vol. ii. p. 526.
[557] Encyclopædia Britannica, Hist. Scotland.
[558] Lindsay of Pitscottie. Lesley. Balfour.
[559] Lindsay of Pitscottie’s Chronicle, James V. These extracts
are collected from separate editions and the MSS. in the College at
Edinburgh.
[560] Balfour’s Annals of Scotland, vol. i. p. 266–7.
[561] Annals of Scotland.
[562] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[563] MS. Archives du Royaume de France, Tr. des Ch. ii. 679, No. 50.
[564] Tr. des Ch. J. 679, No. 52. In the Hotel de Soubise, Paris.
[565] Tr. des Ch. J. 965, I. In the Hotel de Soubise, Paris.
[566] Ibid.
[567] MS. in the Archives of the Kingdom of France, J. 966. 5 Paquet.
[568] Ibid. J. 967. 2 Paquet.
[569] Lesley’s History of Scotland.
[570] Archives of the Kingdom of France.
[571] Norfolk to Cromwell, dated Bridlington, May 18, 1537. State
Papers.
[572] Norfolk to Cromwell, dated Bridlington, May 18, 1537. State
Papers.
[573] Miscellaneous Letters in the Chapter House, vol. viii. f. 67.
[574] Ibid.
[575] Clifford to Henry VIII. State Papers, vol. v. p. 879.
[576] Lesley.
[577] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[578] Lesley.
[579] Ray’s Dispatches to the Duke of Norfolk. State Papers.
[580] Discussion in Lord Hailes’s Annals of Scotland.
[581] MS. Hotel de Soubise, J. 967. Third Paquet.
[582] Habiliment.
[583] Namely, presents to propitiate her.
[584] The royal colors of France, in honor of Magdalene’s paternal
bearings.
[585] Being set up.
[586] Lettres des Rois, Reines, et autres Personnages des Cours de
France et de l’Angleterre. Edited by M. Brequing, p. 66.
[587] Lettres des Rois, Reines, et autres Personnages des Cours de
France et de l’Angleterre. Edited by M. Brequing, p. 191.
[588] Gaillard, vol. i. book viii. c. 3.
[589] Communicated, by gracious permission, by Mr. Atkinson, librarian
to his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Russia.
[590] Compotus of Kirkaldy of Grange.--“Moneys expended on Lord James,
now Prior of St. Andrews, and the Lady Jane, his sister. Part of these
were for making ane _canabé_ to the Lady Jane, with nine ells of
yellow, nine ells of green, and nine ells of red serge.” The French
call a sofa _canapé_; but this article of furniture must not be
thus considered, since charges occur for a knob to the head of the said
_canabé_.
[591] Brantôme, Lives of the Princesses of France of his times, p. 302,
303.
[592] Ellis’s Letters, First Series, vol. ii. p. 108–9.
[593] Lindsay of Pitscottie. Lesley. Buchanan.
[594] Lesley’s Hist. of Scotland--James Fyft. Printed for the Bannatyne
Club.
[595] Vies des Femmes Illustres.
[596] Buchanan, Hist. Scotland. Drummond of Hawthornden.
[597] The following entry in the Treasurer’s Accounts, the 21st day
of August, 1537, “Item, to Master George Balquhanan at the King’s
command ... xx lib.” certifies that the royal widower did not omit to
reward the learned poet. Again, in July, 1538, upon the occasion of the
commemoration services on the anniversary of Queen Magdalene’s death,
Master George Balquhanan received a gown of Paris black, lined with
black satin, &c., also £20 at the King’s commands; so that, considering
the relative value of money in that century, he was much more nobly
guerdoned for his pains than he would have found himself, belike, in
the present day. It is, however, to be noted that the said Master
George Buchanan was a courtier at that time, having been preferred,
for his singular erudition, and, Knox adds, “his honest behavior,”
to the place of tutor to the King’s illegitimate children, whom the
great Reformer designates by a coarser name. While engaged in this
office, Buchanan was the recipient of gowns, hose, bonnets, doublets,
and various other gear from the royal wardrobe-stores, as early as
February 16, 1536.--Treasurer’s Accounts in the Royal Record Office at
Edinburgh, cited by David Laing, Esq. in his learned edition of the
Works of John Knox, vol. i. p. 71.
[598] Meaning grafted.
[599] Or shall be.
[600] _Bright_, of course--a favorite term formerly; something
like “_inclyta_” in reference to females.
[601] I am indebted to the research of that courteous and learned
antiquarian, John Riddel, Esq., of the Faculty of Advocates, for the
communication of the above and many other curious transcripts of
inedited documents illustrative of the Queen of Scotland and their
courts, for which grateful acknowledgments are due.
[602] By the same gentleman.
[603] Royal Wardrobe-Book of Scotland, edited by Thomas Thomson, Esq.
of Shrub Hill, Leith.
[604] Arnott’s History of Edinburgh, 255.
[605] Ibid.
[606] Pinkerton, vol. ii. p. 347. Pinkerton, as well as our eminent
cotemporary, Mr. Tytler, considers that James V. was really conspired
against in this plot. See also Pitcairn’s Criminal Trials.
[607] Annals of Scotland, vol. i.
[608] The martlet is the heraldic sign of the fifth son, who, in the
good old times, was landless, and therefore figured by a bird of
passage.
[609] Brantôme, in his Life of Claud’s elder brother, Antoine, Duc de
Lorraine, gives a somewhat different version of this heroic episode in
the history of the father of Mary of Lorraine.
[610] More than one among the following list of brothers was closely
linked with the fortunes of their sister Mary and her descendants.
Francis, the well-known Balafré, born 1519, was consequently four
years younger than Mary; Charles, afterward the celebrated Cardinal
of Lorraine, and spiritual peer of France under the title of Duke of
Rheims, born Feb. 17, 1524; Claud, Duke of Aumale, 1525; Louis of
Lorraine, Cardinal of Guise, and Archbishop of Sens, born Oct. 1527;
Francis (2) of Lorraine, Grand-prior of Malta, and _general_
(admiral) of the galleys of France, born April 18, 1535; René Duke
d’Elbœuf; Pierre and Philip, who died in infancy; Louise, born Jan.
1520, married Du Leroy, Prince of Chimay; Renée, Abbess of Rheims, born
Sept. 22, 1522; Antoinette of Lorraine, Abbess of Farmoustier, born
August 31, 1531.--MOREIRI.
[611] Vatout.
[612] The elder Cardinal of Lorraine, Jean, brother of Claud, Duke
de Guise, commenced this most evil family practice. An unexampled
number of the abbeys and dignities of the Church being centered in his
own person, the Benedictine historian slyly observes, “that the mere
calling over the roll of his titles seemed like summoning together a
great council of the Church, although, to the shame and woe of that
Church, one rich and powerful man answered to every designation.” A
clear idea of this worldly rapacity of the cadets of Guise casts light
on the difficulties the female sovereigns of their house had to stem,
and on their motives as ultra-partisans of their Church.--_L’Art de
Vérifier les Dates._
[613] Le Laboneur says, in his Memoires de Castlenau, tome ii. p. 655,
“Louis XII, was greatly attached to the family of Dunois. He considered
the debt of gratitude was immense, which not only France but his own
line owed to their heroic founder, whom he called the ‘restorer of
France,’ and supporter of the house of Orleans.” Francis I. confirmed
all his predecessor had given to the representatives of Dunois, and
added the dukedom of Longueville to their domains in 1505, with the
hereditary dignity of Grand Chamberlain of France. The line of Dunois,
and its representative, walked in processions with the princes of the
blood, being recognized as princes of the house of Orleans.
[614] This fact is certified by the preliminary articles of Mary’s
second marriage with James V. of Scotland. Printed from the original
document in the Archives du Royaume de France, in Pieces and Documents
relative to the History of Scotland, for the use of the Bannatyne Club.
[615] Letter of Jeanne, Queen of Navarre, to Marie of Lorraine.
[616] Moreiri.
[617] Dispatches of Chatillon, Bibl. du Roi.
[618] Wharton to Cromwell, October 4, 1537. State Papers, vol. v. p.
112.
[619] Ibid.
[620] MSS. Dispatches of M. de Chatillon, Bibl. du Roi, Paris.
[621] Chatillon’s Dispatches.
[622] Ibid.
[623] Chatillon’s Dispatches.
[624] Moreiri, vol. vi. p. 152.
[625] Chronicle of Drummond of Hawthornden.
[626] State Papers of France.
[627] Preserved in the Archives du Royaume de France (Tresors des
Chartes, J. 680, r. 78). Printed in the original French, in an
unpublished volume, for the use of the Bannatyne Club, of which I have
been favored with the use by that distinguished antiquary, T. Thomson,
Esq., of Shrub Hill, Leith.
[628] MS. J. 965, 1. Archives du Royaume de France.
[629] Compotum Davidis, Sancti Andreæ Archiepiscopi, &c., in Regno
Franciæ, kindly communicated by Alexander Macdonald, Esq.
[630] This group forms the subject of the vignette on the title-page of
the present volume of our royal biographies, the noble possessor having
courteously allowed it to be copied and engraved for that purpose, for
which our acknowledgments are gratefully offered, as well as for the
like privilege accorded by his Lordship in regard to the portrait of
Queen Magdalene, from the companion picture. Both these fine historical
pieces originally decorated the royal gallery of the Luxembourg, and
were purchased, after the Revolution at Paris, by that celebrated
connoisseur in the fine arts, the late Earl of Elgin.
[631] Lindsay of Pitscottie. State Papers of France.
[632] Chronicles of Scotland, p. 375.
[633] See Tragedy of the Cardinal, Poems of David Lindsay, p. 254.
[634] Buchanan’s Hist. of Scotland. Diurnal of Occurrents. Balfour says
she landed at Crail, June 19. Annals of Scotland.
[635] Royal Records in the General Register House, kindly communicated
by Alexander Macdonald, Esq.
[636] Lesley, Hist. of Scotland, James Fyft. Buchanan.
[637] The reader who is unacquainted with the local scene described, is
referred to the learned and most interesting History of St. Andrews, by
the Rev. C. Lyon, for full particulars.
[638] Ellis’s Letters, first series, vol. i. p. 109.
[639] Ellis’s Letters, first series, vol. i. p. 107.
[640] Ibid.
[641] State Paper Office.
[642] State Papers.
[643] Compotus of St. Andrews.
[644] Many noble virtues also does this loyal cotemporary impute to
his late lord, without mentioning one of his failings. These unhappily
produced results of the most fatal kind. The following fact, related
without comment, by Balfour, speaks volumes, and tells more against the
sovereign than all the vituperations of Knox: “King James this year
(1536) likewise gives to his four base sons the abbeys and priories of
Melrose, Kelso, Coldinghame, and Holyrood House.” The eldest of those
illegitimate scions of royalty was but eight years old. Did the most
formidable schismatic ever inflict so deadly a wound on any Church
as imposing such incumbents on her offices and lands? Lesley, as a
bishop of the Church whose downfall the vices of this monarch were
thus preparing, would probably have drawn the inference, if he had not
fettered his pen by dedicating his History of Scotland to James’s royal
daughter, Queen Mary, who had too much cause to rue her father’s early
immoralities.
[645] Lives of the Lindsays, by Lord Lindsay.
[646] Knox’s History of the Reformation, edited by David Laing, Esq.,
vol. i. p. 60.
[647] Lindsay of Pitscottie.
[648] Treasury Accounts of Scotland, Register House MSS.
[649] Royal Records in the Register House, Edinburgh.
[650] Compotus, Kirkaldy of Grange, favor of A. Macdonald.
[651] Compotus of Kirkaldy of Grange.
[652] Original preserved in the State Paper Office, Westminster.
[653] State Papers, vol. v. p. 177. Norfolk to the English Council, May
25, the current date being 1540. But we are forced to abide by the date
of the royal James’s letter herewith, if indeed a poet may be trusted
with a date.
[654] The Compotus likewise bears date May 25, 1540. As the second boy
was born in April the succeeding year, it must refer to the eldest.
[655] Compotus.
[656] Each ell cost 5_s._
[657] State Papers, vol. v.; date very uncertain.
[658] Compotus.
[659] George Chalmers undeniably proves that this poem is not by James
I., the royal author of the Quair, and Peebles at the Play, but by
James V. Falkland Palace, he shows, did not belong to the Kings of
Scotland until the reign of James II.
[660] Slender.
[661] Gillian, or Juliana.
[662] George Chalmers’ Poetic Remains of the Kings of Scotland, p. 146.
[663] Sibbald. The dance called _brawl_ in England and Scotland is
_branle_ in France.
[664] State Papers, vol. v. Wharton’s Letter.
[665] The year before the Queen’s miners arrived, there-was “gold
of the mine” in James V.’s treasury, according to the following
entry,--“Delivered by the King’s command 36 crowns of weight, 4
ounces to mix with gold of the mynd ‘to make jantylwoman’s chaffrons
with.’--Royal Compotus, April, 1539.” Chevrons were ornaments similar
to the fronts of Anne Boleyn caps. It is probable that the successful
execution of the gold frontlets gave the Queen the idea of obtaining
sufficient Scotch gold for a new crown.
[666] It is to the learning and intelligence of our kind friend, Mr. A.
Macdonald of the Register House, that the world is indebted for this
curious feature in the scanty history of our early British statistics.
Thanks are due to him for having dug this gold from the dim and dark
mine of his rich Scottish records.
[667] Diurnal of Occurrents, p. 22. Printed for the Bannatyne Club,
from the original MSS. in possession of Sir John Maxwell, Bart. of
Polloc.
[668] Ibid. It is to be noted that the accountant always spells mine
_mynd_; but the sense, as any reader may perceive from the above
quotation, clearly indicates the right substantive.
[669] Diurnal of Occurrents.
[670] Ibid.
[671] Mons Meg receives some coats of red paint, and warlike stores are
provided for the Salamander (Francis I.’s gift) and other vessels used
by the royal surveyor for his famous coasting voyages.
[672] Compotus.
[673] State Papers, vol. v. Letter of Queen Margaret, Sept. 5, 1539.
[674] Compotus.
[675] From a small scarce tract, containing extracts from the Balcarras
Papers, Register Office.
[676] In consequence of coincident dates in the royal Compotus, we
venture to place this letter, which is the third according to the
learned editor’s arrangement, as the first.
[677] Compotus. Her entry at Dundee was Sept. 1, 1539.
[678] Pinkerton.
[679] Compotus of Kirkaldy of Grange, treasurer.
[680] Compotus of Kirkaldy of Grange, treasurer.
[681] The services of this lady are not very intelligible, whether
_pettis_ may be translated into the modern English _pets_ or
whether both _pettis_ and _pets_ are derived from the French
_petits_. Whatsoever they might be--whether kittens, lambs, birds,
or dogs--they required care and nourishment.
[682] Sadler Papers, edited by Sir Walter Scott, vol. i. p. 12.
[683] Sadler’s State Papers, vol. i. p. 22.
[684] Sadler’s State Papers, Embassy to Scotland in 1540, vol. i. p. 10.
[685] Sadler’s State Papers.
[686] Sadler’s State Papers. Embassy to Scotland, vol. i. p. 42.
[687] Sadler’s State Papers.
[688] Ibid.
[689] Lindsay of Pitscottie, p. 237, old edit.
[690] Border Histories.
[691] Mackenzie.
[692] See the preceding Life of Margaret Tudor, where he is never very
long absent from the scene.
[693] Thus Sir James Hamilton is always called by his cotemporaries in
State Papers and letters.
[694] Spottiswoode’s Ecclesiastical History, 71. Likewise Buchanan,
Mackenzie, and Knox.
[695] Lindsay of Pitscottie. Chronicles of Scotland, p. 391.
[696] Lesley.
[697] State Papers, vol. v. Margaret’s letter has been classed as
pertaining to 1541. The editor of the State Papers gives a notation
that it belongs to May, 1540.
[698] Founded by the King’s tutor, Bishop Gavin Dunbar.
[699] Some particulars of the reception of James and Mary will be found
in the publications of the Spalding Club, from the MSS. records of the
town.
[700] Compotus, December, 1540.
[701] Repeated instances occur, besides the above, of the supporters
of Scotland being two unicorns, likewise that there was a royal
plate stamp to signify the proper purity of gold and silver, called
“the unicorn stamp,” often mentioned in the Compotus. It appears to
have been similar in its use to the famous lion stamp impressed at
Goldsmiths’ Hall, London.
[702] Register Office, Edinburgh. Balcarres Papers, from French
original.
[703] “_Et touschant le schois de ma merre_” has been supposed
to be “touching the choice of my mother,” and to refer to one or
other of Margaret Tudor’s numerous spouses. But the word is evidently
_chose_ or _choses_, for in the right use of French plurals
the royal James was not particular; he alludes by that word to some of
his deceased mother’s personal effects.
[704] _Foudroyé_ or _foudrouyant_ is the French word. The
sense of the sentence proves that it means violent displeasure.
[705] Buchanan. Pitscottie.
[706] Lesley, Tytler, Knox, Pitscottie.
[707] Knox’s Hist. of the Reformation, edited by D. Laing, vol. i. p.
80.
[708] A contemptuous term of reproach derived from the word _javel_ or
_jifell_, jail, and literally meaning jail-birds.--Glossary appended to
Knox’s History of the Reformation, edited by D. Laing, Esq.
[709] Knox’s History of the Reformation. Laing’s Edition. Vol. i. p. 83.
[710] Knox. Tytler.
[711] According to Knox, this document was found in the King’s pocket
after his death; but it is scarcely probable that the wily premier,
Cardinal Beton, took no more care of his royal master’s private papers
than to allow one that so deeply committed himself to fall into the
hands of those whose vengeance it was calculated to provoke.
[712] Mackenzie’s Lives, vol. ii. p. 592.
[713] There are allusions to this superstition in the State Papers,
vol. v.
[714] Original in French--edited from the Balcarres Papers, Register
Office, Edinburgh.
[715] Oliver Sinclair was not a young favorite, but an old attached
servant of the Crown. We find his name as a gentleman of the bedchamber
when James V. was an infant. That he was a cotemporary of Sir David
Lindsay will be allowed by those who have read the State Papers, where
he is represented as employed in matters of the highest trust in Queen
Margaret’s stormy regency.
[716] Knox’s Hist. Ref. Tytler.
[717] Knox’s History of the Reformation, vol. i. p. 90.
[718] Knox’s History of the Reformation, vol. i. p. 90.
Transcriber’s Notes:
1. Obvious printers’ punctuation and spelling errors have been
corrected silently.
2. Where hyphenation is in doubt, it has been retained as in the
original.
3. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have
been retained as in the original.
4. Where appropriate, the original spelling has been retained.
5. Superscripts are represented using the caret character, e.g. D^r. or
X^{xx}.
6. Italics are shown as _xxx_.