eau, _f._ water; -- -de-vie, brandy; être tout en --, to

be dripping with perspiration.

ébahi, -e, _adj._ aghast, amazed.

ébaucher, _v._ to sketch, delineate, outline, make only part way or

awkwardly.

ébène, _m._ ebony.

éblouir, _v._ to dazzle.

éblouissement, _m._ dazzling, giddiness.

ébouriffé, -e, _adj._ in disorder, with disheveled hair, unkempt.

ébrancher, _v._ to strip the branches off, lop.

ébranler, _v._ to shake.

écaille, _f._ scale, shell.

écarlate, _m._ (used adjectively), scarlet.

écarquiller, _v._ to open wide.

écarter, _v._ to turn aside, put or draw or rush aside, spread keep

from; s'--, withdraw, separate, draw away, part; écarté, -e,

wide apart, projecting, flaring.

échafauder, _v._ to erect scaffolding, build up.

échalas, _m._ vine-prop.

échanger, _v._ to exchange.

êchantillon, _m._ sample, specimen.

échapper, _v._ to escape; s'--, escape.

écharper, _v._ to slash, cut to pieces.

échasse, _f._ stilt, long leg of a wading-bird, stilt-bird,

long-shanks.

échassier, _m._ wading-bird.

échauffer, _v._ to heat, inflame, warm; s'--, get warm or hot.

échelle, _f._ ladder.

écheveau, _m._ skein.

échevin, _m._ alderman.

échine, _f._ spine, back.

échouer, _v._ to fun aground.

éclaboussure, _f._ splash.

éclair, _m._ lightning, flash.

éclaircir, _v._ to clear up, throw light on, be cleared up, clear

off, clear.

éclairer, _v._ to light, light up, give light to, reconnoiter;

s'--, brighten up, brighten, clear up, be explained; éclairé,

-e, lighted, bright.

éclaireur, _m._ scout.

éclat, _m._ splinter, fragment, burst, explosion, flash,

brilliancy, brightness, splendor; éclats de voix, outburst, loud

voices or exclamations.

éclater, _v._ to explode, burst, burst forth, shine, flash out, go off

(gun); -- de rire, burst out laughing; éclatant, -e, shilling,

brilliant, dazzling, resounding.

éclopé, -e, _adj._ crippled, lame, with broken legs (of furniture).

éclore, _v._ to hatch, corne forth, blossom.

école, _f._ school.

économie, f. economy, saving; faire des économies, to save up

money.

écorce, _f._ bark.

écorcher, _v._ to skin, flay;

écorché, _m._ one who has been flayed or skinned.

écouler, _v._ to run, flow out; s'--, run, elapse, pass by.

écouter, _v._ to listen (to).

écran, _m._ screen.

écraser, _v._ to crush, overwhelm.

écrémer, _v._ to skim, skim off.

écrier (s'), _v._ to exclaim, cry.

écrire, _v._ to write; par écrit, in writing; on nous

écrit, from our special correspondent.

écriteau, _m._ sign-board, placard.

écriture, _f._ writing, handwriting.

écrouelles, _f. pl._ scrofula.

écrouler, _v._ to fall in, collapse; s'--, fall in, collapse.

écu, _m._ shield, crown (old coin worth 3 francs, also coin worth 5

francs).

écueil, _m._ reef.

écume, _f._ foam, froth.

écumer, _v._ to foam, froth.

écumoire, _f._ skimmer.

écurie, _f._ stable.

écusson, _m._ escutcheon.

Édouard, Edward.

éducation, _f._ education, drill.

éduquer, _v._ to bring up (children), educate.

effacer, _v._ to efface, rub or blot out, dull, dim; s'--,

efface oneself, get out of the way, disappear, be blotted out.

effarer, _v._ to scare, frighten, startle.

effectivement, _adv_. effectively, really, in reality.

effet, _m._ effect; pl. effects, goods, belongings; en --, in

reality, indeed.

effeuiller, _v._ to strip off the leaves.

effilé, -e, _adj._ slender, slim, sharp.

effianqué, -e, _adj._ lean (usually of animais).

effleurer, _v._ to strip off the flowers, graze.

effondrer, _v._ to break in, break.

efforcer (s'), _v._ to strive.

effort, _m._ effort.

effrayer, _v._ to frighten; effrayant, -e, _adj._ frightful.

effroi, _m._ fright, dismay.

effronté, -e, _adj._ shameless, bold.

effroyable, _adj._ frightful, horrible.

effusion, _f._ effusion.

égal, -e, _adj. and s._ equal, all the same, regular, even; c'est

--, all the same.

également, _adv._ equally, uniformly.

égaler, _v._ to equal.

égard, _m._ regard, consideration, subject; à son --, in

regard to him.

égarer, _v._ to mislead, unsettle; s'--, get lost, wander;

égaré, -e, unsettled, bewildered, wild, frantic, lost.

égayer, _v._ to enliven, amuse, cheer up.

église, _f._ church.

égoïsme, _m._ egotism, selfishness.

égoïste, _adj._ egotistical, selfish.

égorger, _v._ to cut the throat of, slaughter.

égyptien, -ne, _adj._ Egyptian (_t_ pronounced as _c_).

eh, _interj._ ah!, ha!, or; -- bien, well.

Eiffel (la tour), Parisian tower, highest in the world (300 meters),

erected for the exposition of 1889 by the engineer of this name.

élan, _m._ spring, bound, start, impetus, clash, flight.

élancer, _v._ to throw; s'--, throw oneself, spring forward,

spring, dart, start up; élancé, -e, _adj._ slender.

élargir, _v._ to widen; élargi, -e, widened, spreading.

élastique, _adj._ elastic.

électeur, _m._ elector, constituent; avenue de l'Électeur,

Kurfürstenallée (avenue near Heidelberg).

électrique, _adj._ electric.

élégance, _f._ elegance.

élégant, -e, _adj._ elegant.

élégiaque, _adj._ elegiac.

élément, _m._ element.

éléphant, _m._ elephant.

élever, _v._ to elevate, bring up, put up, ralse; s'--, rise,

arise; élevé, -e, elevated, tall, lofty, towering.

Elias, Elias (Elia) is the New Testament and German form of Élie, Elijah.

elle, _conj. and disj. pr._ (feminine), she, it.

elle-même, _see_ lui-même.

éloge, _m._ praise.

Éloi (saint), Saint Éloi or Eligius, Bishop of Noyon (c. 588-659).

éloignement, _m._ removal, distance.

éloigner, _v._ to remove, send away, banish; s'--, go away,

move away; éloigné, -e, distant.

émail, _m._ enamel.

emballage, _m._ packing.

emballer, _v._ to pack up.

embarcation, _f._ small craft, boat.

embarquement, _m._ embarcation.

embarquer, _v._ to embark, put on board; s'--, embark, be put

on board.

embarras, _m._ embarrassment.

embarrasser, _v._ to embarrass.

embaumer, _v._ to embalm, perfume, smell sweet, give forth a sweet

odor.

emboiter, _v._ to join, fit in; -- le pas, lock step.

embonpoint, _m._ plumpness, stoutness.

embraser, _v._ to set on fire; embrasé, -e, burning, on fire.

embrasser, _v._ to embrace, kiss.

embrasure, _f._ embrasure, window-recess.

embrouiller, _v._ to entangle, tangle, confuse, befog.

embrumer, _v._ to cover (with mist), overcast.

émeraude, _f._ emerald.

émérite, _adj._ emeritus, old, confirmed.

émettre, _v._ to emit, express.

émigrer, _v._ to emigrate.

Emineh, the Trusty One or the Steadfast One (Arabic).

éminence, _f._ eminence, height, rising ground.

émir, _m._ emir (Mohammedan governor, etc.).

émission, _f._ emission, issue.

emmener, _v._ to lead or take away, carry off (pronounced: ammener).

émotion, _f._ emotion.

émouchet, _m._ sparrow-hawk.

émouvoir, _v._ to excite, move.

emparer (s'), _v._ to take possession.

empêcher, _v._ to hinder, prevent, keep from; il n'a pu s'-- de,

he could not help.

empereur, _m._ emperor.

empêtrer, _v._ to entangle.

empiler, _v._ to pile up.

emplette, _f._ purchase.

emplir, _v._ to fill.

emploi, _m._ employment, use, position, job.

employé, -e, _m., f._ employee, clerk.

employer, _v._ to employ, use, take up (attention).

empoigner, _v._ to grasp, lay hold of.

emporter, _v._ to carry off or away, take away, take; l'--,

carry (him, her, it) off, prevail, win the day.

empreindre, _v._ to imprint, impress, mark.

empreinte, _f._ imprint, impression.

empressement, _m._ eagerness, alacrity.

empresser (s'), _v._ to be eager, hasten, hurry, press eagerly (about).

emprisonner, _v._ to imprison.

emprunter, _v._ to borrow.

en, _conj. pr._ of it, of him, etc., some, with (of, by, etc.) it.

en, _prep._ in, into, ta, while, in the capacity of, as, like, by, at.

encadrer, _v._ to frame.

encaisser, _v._ to encage, embank, enclose.

encens, _m._ incense (_s_ not pronounced).

enchainer, _v._ to enchain, put in chains, chain.

enchanter, _v._ to enchant, delight.

enchère, _f._ bidding, auction.

encoignure, _f._ corner, angle.

encombrer, _v._ to obstruct, encumber, overload, crowd.

encore, _adv._ still, again, yet, besides; -- un, another.

encourager, _v._ to encourage.

encre, _f._ ink.

encrier, _m._ inkstand.

endiabler, _v._ to be in a passion; faire --, to throw into a

rage, arouse the devil in.

endimancher, _v._ to put on one's Sunday clothes (usually _refl._);

endimanché, -e, dressed in one's test clothes.

endormir, _v._ to put to sleep; s'--, fall asleep; endormi,

-e, asleep, sleeping, fallen asleep, dull.

endosser, _v._ to put on.

endroit, _m._ place.

énergie, _f._ energy.

énergique, _adj._ energetic.

énergiquement, _adv._ energetically.

énerver, _v._ to enervate, unnerve, weaken, wear on the nerves.

enfance, _f._ infancy, childhood.

enfant, _m., f._ child; bon --, good fellow; -- de

choeur, choir-boy.

enfantillage, _m._ childishness, childish act.

enfantin, -e, _adj._ infantile, childish, children's, child's.

enfer, _m._ hell.

enfermer, _v._ to shut up, enclose.

enfiler, _v._ to thread, string, slip on.

enfin, _adv._ finally, at last, after all, in short.

enflammer, _v._ to inflame, set fire to; enflammé, -e,

inflamed, flaming, on fire.

enfoncer, _v._ to sink, drive in, plunge, thrust, hide; s'--,

sink, go down (into), settle down, give way, be broken in, plunge.

enfuir (s'), _v._ to flee.

engagement, _m._ engagement, obligation, contract, enlistment.

engager, _v._ to engage, enlist, induce, urge, give (a signature);

s'--, enlist, enter.

engendrer, _v._ to engender, beget.

engin, _m._ engine, machine, fishing-gear.

engloutir, _v._ to engulf, devour, swallow greedily, gulp down;

s'--, be engulfed, be swallowed.

engouffrer, _v._ to engulf; s'--, be engulfed, be swallowed

up, be poured (into), rush (of the wind).

engourdir, _v._ to benumb, deaden; s'--, become benumbed or

drowsy or dull; engourdi, -e, benumbed, deadened, torpid, drowsy.

engourdissement, _m._ numbness, torpor.

engraisser, _v._ to fatten, get fat.

enhardir, _v._ to embolden; s'-- à, become bold enough to

(avoid liaison with _n_ in this word).

énigme, _f._ enigma, riddle.

enivrer (s'), _v._ to get drunk (_en_ pronounced as in _ennui_).

enjambée, _f._ stride.

enjamber, _v._ to bestride, stride, put one's leg over, stride over.

enlacer, _v._ to lace, bind, entwine, interlace.

enlèvement, _m._ carrying off, capture.

enlever, _v._ to take away, carry off, take off, raise, remove;

-- cette affaire, accomplish this.

enluminer, _v._ to color, paint.

ennemi, _m._ enemy; --, -e, adjectively, hostile.

ennui, _m._ ennui, tediousness,

tiresomeness, vexation (in this and in the next two words the first

syllable is nasalized).

ennuyer, _v._ to weary, bore.

enorgueillir, _v._ to make proud; s'--, be proud.

énorme, _adj._ enormous.

énormément, _adv._ enormously.

énormité, _f._ enormity.

enquérir (s'), _v._ to inquire.

enquête, _f._ inquest, inquiry, search.

enrager, _v._ to enrage, become mad; enragé, --e, mad,

enraged, crazy, crazy fellow.

enrégimenter, _v._ to form into regiments, enroll.

enrichir, _v._ to enrich; s'--, become rich.

enroué, -e, _adj._ hoarse.

ensanglanter, _v._ to make bloody, make blood-red; ensanglanté,

-e, bloody.

enseigne, _f._ sign, sign-board.

ensemble, _adv._ together.

ensuite, _adv._ then, next, afterwards.

ensuivre (s'), _v._ to ensue, follow.

entasser, _v._ to pile up; s'--, be piled up.

entendement, _m._ understanding, intellect, mind.

entendre, _v._ to hear, understand, mean, intend; s'--,

understand one another, be understood, be heard; à -- de, if you

listen to, according to; bien entendu, to be sure, of course.

enterrement, _m._ burial, funeral, funeral procession.

enterrer, _v._ to bury.

entêter, _v._ to give a headache to, make vain; s'--, be

obstinate, persist.

entier, -ère, _adj._ entire; tout --, entirely.

entièrement, _adv._ entirely.

entour (à l'), _adv._ round about; -- de, around.

entourage, _m._ frame, intimates.

entourer, _v._ to surround, envelop.

entr'acte, _m._ intermission.

entrailles, _f. pl._ entrails, bowels, feeling; qui lui tenait

encore aux --, for whom she still yearned.

entraîner, _v._ to drag, draw, draw along or on; s'--, drag

oneself, train, drill.

entre, _prep._ between, among, in; d'--, from among, among;

-- eux, among themselves, to one another, etc.; passer -- vos

mains, to pass into your hands; ils parlèrent -- eux, they

talked to each other.

entre-bâillé, -e, _adj._ half-open, ajar.

entrée, _f._ entrance, entry.

entrefaite, _f._ interval; sur ces entrefaites, meanwhile.

entremêler, _v._ to intermix, intermingle.

entremetteur, _m._ go-between, procurer.

entrepôt, _m._ storeroom, warehouse.

entreprendre, _v._ to undertake.

entreprise, _f._ enterprise, undertaking.

entrer, _v._ to enter, come in, put or go in.

entretenir, _v._ to keep up, take care of, support, maintain;

s'--, converse.

entretien, _m._ support, keep, conversation, interview.

entrevue, _f._ interview.

entr'ouvrir, _v._ to half-open, set ajar, open part way.

envahir, _v._ to invade, penetrate, take possession of.

envahisseur, _m._ invader; adjectively: invading.

enveloppe, _f._ envelope, exterior, covering, cover, outward form.

envelopper, _v._ to envelop, wrap up, surround.

envers, _m._ wrong side; prep. towards; à l'--, contrary to,

wrong side outwards; se mettre le coeur à l'--, to be upset.

envi (à l'), _adv._ in emulation, vying with each other.

envie, _f._ desire, longing, envy; faire - à, to make envious;

porter -- à, be envious of.

envier, _v._ to envy, long for.

envieux, -euse, _adj._ envious.

environ, _adv._ about; aux (dans les) environs, in the

neighborhood or vicinity, in the suburbs.

environner, _v._ to surround, attend.

envoler (s'), _v._ to fly away.

envoyer, _v._ to send; -- des sourires à, smile at.

épais, -se, _adj._ thick.

épaisseur, _f._ thickness.

épaissir, _v._ to thicken, deepen (silence).

épanouir, _v._ to open, cheer; épanoui, -e, open, cheerful, in

blossom.

épanouissement, _m._ blossoming, blooms.

épargner, _v._ to save, spare.

épars, -e, _adj._ scattered, disheveled.

épaule, _f._ shoulder.

épaulement, _m._ breastwork.

épaulette, _f._ epaulette.

épée, _f._ sword.

éperdu, -e, _adj._ desperate, bewildered, frantic, distracted.

éperdument, _adv._ frantically, desperately.

éperon, _m._ spur.

épi, _m._ ear (of grain, etc.).

épicier, _m._ groceryman, grocer.

épigramme, _f._ epigram.

époque, _f._ epoch, time.

épouser, _v._ to marry.

épouvantable, _adj._ terrible, appalling.

épouvante, _f._ fright, terror.

épouvanter, _v._ to terrify, appall.

époux, -ouse, _m., f._ husband, wife.

éprendre (s'), _v._ to fall in love (with), be smitten.

épreuve, _f._ trial, proof.

éprouver, _v._ to experience, try, test, feel.

épuiser, _v._ to exhaust.

équipage, _m._ crew.

équiper, _v._ to equip.

équivalent, _m._ equivalent.

équivoque, _adj._ equivocal, doubtful.

-er, see premier.

érafler, _v._ to scratch.

érailler, _v._ to fray.

ermite, _m._ hermit.

errer, _v._ to wander; chien errant, stray dog.

erreur, _f._ error, mistake.

éruption, _f._ eruption.

Esbekick, Ezbekia Gardens (in northern section of Cairo).

escabeau, _m._ escabelle, f. stool.

escadron, _m._ squadron, cavalry; chef d'--, major.

escalier, _m._ staircase, stairway.

escapade, _f._ escapade, prank.

escarboucle, _f._ carbuncle (stone).

escargot, _m._ snail.

escarmouche, _f._ skirmish.

esclave, _m., f._ slave.

escogriffe, _m._ sharper, gawky or lanky fellow.

escorte, _f._ escort, convoy.

espace, _m._ space.

espacer, _v._ to space; s'--, to grow farther apart.

Espagne, _f._ Spain; pièce d'--, Spanish coin.

espagnol, -e, _adj. and s._ Spanish, Spaniard (written

Espagnol when _s._).

espèce, _f._ species, sort, kind, cash (in _pl._).

espérance, _f._ hope, expectation.

espérer, _v._ to hope.

espiêgle, _adj._ frolicsome, roguish, mischievous.

espion, _m._ spy.

esplanade, _f._ esplanade.

espoir, _m._ hope.

esprit, _m._ mind, wit, sense, brains, spirit; -- fort,

skeptic.

essaim, _m._ swarm.

essayer, _v._ to try.

essence, _f._ essence, perfume, scent.

essentiel, -le, _adj._ essential (_t_ pronounced as _c_).

essoufflement, _m._ breathlessness.

essoufiler, _v._ to put out of breath; essoufflé, -e, out of

breath, breathless.

essuyer, _v._ to wipe, wipe away.

estafette, _f._ courier, messenger.

estimer, _v._ to esteem, estimate.

estomac, _m._ stomach (pronounced: _estoma_).

estrade, _f._ platform, dais.

estropié, -e, _adj. and s._ crippled, maimed, cripple.

et, _conj._ and.

étable, _f._ stable, cattle-shed; -- à cochons, pig-sty.

établir, _v._ to establish, set up, set, settle, fix, fasten, make;

s'--, be established, take a position, settle down, etc.

établissement, _m._ establishment, moving in.

étage, _m._ flight of stairs, story, floor (above the groundfloor);

premier --, second story.

étain, _m._ tin, pewter.

étalage, _m._ goods exposed for sale, display, show-window.

étaler, _v._ to set out, spread out, display, expose goods (for

sale); s'--, spread out, be exposed or displayed.

état, _m._ state, condition.

état-major, _m._ staff.

etc., pronounced in French: _ett cétéra_.

été, _m._ summer.

éteindre, _v._ to extinguish, put out; s'--, die out, go out;

éteint, -e, extinguished, extinct, dead.

étendre, _v._ to extend, stretch, stretch out; s'--, extend,

stretch oneself out.

étendue, _f._ stretch, extent.

éternel, -le, _adj._ eternal, everlasting.

éternuer, _v._ to sneeze.

étinceler, _v._ to sparkle, glitter; étincelant, -e,

sparkling, glittering, brilliant.

étincelle, _f._ spark, flash, glitter.

étirer, _v._ to stretch.

étoffe, _f._ stuff, fabric.

étoile, _f._ star; coucher à la belle --, to sleep in the open

air.

étoiler, _v._ to star, stud, dot, shine like a star, sparkle.

étonnement, _m._ astonishment.

étonner, _v._ to astonish, amaze; s'--, be astonished.

étouffer, _v._ to stifle, muffle, smother, choke.

étourdi, -e, _adj. and s._ giddy, heedless, rattlebrained,

rattlebrain, madcap, giddy-headed fellow.

étrange, _adj._ strange.

étrangement, _adv._ strangely.

étranger, -ère, _adj. and s._ strange, foreign, stranger, foreigner.

étrangler, _v._ to strangle, choke.

être, _v._ to be, go (in past tense); -- à, belong to, be the

right of, be the turn of, be busy (about); en - à, reach the point

of, come to; en - là, to be reduced to such a point, be in such a

condition; -- bien avec, be on good terms with; nous y sommes,

here we are; il est, there is or are (rarer than il y a);

n'est-ce pas?, isn't it?, don't you think so?, etc.; il n'était

plus au jeu, he no longer had his mind on the game; elle en fut

dans l'admiration, she went into ecstacy over it; _m._ being.

étreindre, _v._ to squeeze, hug, clasp, grip.

étroit, -e, _adj._ narrow.

étude, _f._ study.

étudier, _v._ to study.

eunuque, _m._ eunuch.

Eure, _f._ French river and department (in Normandy).

Europe, _f._ Europe.

eux, _disj. pr._ they, them, themselves; causer entre --, to

chat with one another.

eux-mêmes, _pr._ themselves, etc.; d'--, by themselves,

without interference.

évaluer, _v._ to value, estimate.

Évangéliste, _m._ Evangelist.

Évangile, _m._ Gospel.

évanouir (s'), _v._ to faint, vanish.

évaporer, _v._ to evaporate.

éveil, _m._ awakening; en --, on the alert or watch.

éveiller, _v._ to awaken, arouse; s'--, awake; éveillé,

-e, awakened, wide-awake.

événement, _m._ event.

éventail, _m._ fan.

éventé, -e, _adj._ flat, giddy.

éventrer, _v._ to rip open, disembowel.

évêque, _m._ bishop.

évertuer (s'), _v._ to strive, do one's utmost.

évidemment, _adv._ evidently (_em_ pronounced as _am_).

évident, -e, _adj._ evident.

évider, _v._ to hollow out; dentelles d'une sculpture évidée,

open-work stone carving.

éviter, _v._ to avoid.

Évreux, town 68 miles northwest of Paris (department of Eure).

exactement, _adv._ exactly.

exagérer, _v._ to exaggerate.

exaltation, _f._ exaltation, glorification, exhilaration.

exalter, _v._ to exalt; s'--, become excited.

examiner, _v._ to examine.

exaspérer, _v._ to exasperate.

excellence, _f._ excellence; par --, preëminently.

excellent, -e, _adj._ excellent.

excepter, _v._ to except; excepté, _prep._ except.

excès, _m._ excess.

excessif, -ive, _adj._ excessive, exorbitant.

exciter, _v._ to excite, arouse.

exclamation, _f._ exclamation.

exclusivement, _adv._ exclusively.

excuse, _f._ excuse.

excuser, _v._ to excuse.

exécuter, _v._ to execute.

exécution, _f._ execution.

exemple, _m._ example, parallel, copy; par --, indeed, really,

for example.

exempt, -e, _adj._ exempt, free (_p_ not pronounced).

exercer, _v._ to exercise, practice, train; s'--, practice, be

trained, be exercised, drill, be produced.

exercice, _m._ exercise, drill.

exhaler, _v._ to exhale, give vent to, heave.

exiger, _v._ to exact, demand.

exil, _m._ exile.

exiler, _v._ to exile.

existence, _f._ existence.

exister, _v._ to exist.

expédition, _f._ expedition.

expérience, _f._ experience, experiment.

expier, _v._ to expiate, atone for.

expirer, _v._ to expire, die, die away.

explication, _f._ explanation.

expliquer, _v._ to explain; s'--, explain oneself, be

explained, give an explanation.

exploiter, _v._ to exploit.

explorer, _v._ to explore.

explosion, _f._ explosion.

exposer, _v._ to expose.

exposition, _f._ exposition; Exposition de 89, Paris Exposition

of 1889.

exprès, expresse, _adj. and adv._ express, on purpose; par un fait

--, on purpose, by a prearrangement.

expressément, _adv._ expressly.

expressif, -ive, _adj._ expressive.

expression, _f._ expression.

exprimer, _v._ to express.

ex-prince, _m._ ex-prince.

expulser, _v._ to expel, drive out.

exquis, -e, _adj._ exquisite.

extase, _f._ ecstasy.

extatique, _adj._ ecstatic.

exténuer, _v._ to extenuate, weaken, exhaust.

extérieur, -e, _adj._ and m. exterior, outer, outside.

exterminer, _v._ to exterminate.

extraordinaire, _adj._ extraordinary.

extravagance, _f._ extravagance, excess, wild idea.

extravagant, -e, _adj._ extravagant, wild, unreasonable.

extrême, _adj._ extreme.

extrêmement, _adv._ extremely.

extrémité, _f._ extremity, tip.

F

f..., abbreviation for foutu.

fabliau, _m._ fabliau (humorous medieval tale).

fabricant, _m._ manufacturer.

fabrique, _f._ factory, manufacture, make; marque de --,

trade-mark.

fabriquer, _v._ to manufacture, make.

fabuleux, -euse, _adj._ fabulous.

face, _f._ face, front; en --, opposite, in presence of,

openly, squarely; en -- de, opposite, changer de --, to change

appearance.

facétie, _f._ facetiousness, joke (_t_ pronounced as _c_).

fâcher, _v._ to anger; se --, get angry; fâché, -e, adj.

angry, sorry.

fâcheux, -euse, _adj._ grievous, vexatious.

facile, _adj._ easy.

facilement, _adv._ easily.

facilité, _f._ facility, ease, fluency.

façon, _f._ fashion, manner, way, composition; de -- à, so as

to; d'une -- continue, continuously.

fagot, _m._ fagot.

faible, _adj. and s._ feeble, weak, faint, weak person.

faiblement, _adv._ feebly, weakly, faintly.

faiblesse, _f._ feebleness, weakness, swoon.

Faidherbe (Louis), distinguished general of Franco-Prussian war

(1818-1889).

faignant, popular for faitnéant.

faigniant, dialectic for fainéant.

faillir, _v._ to rail, err, corne near; -- à l'honneur, act

dishonorably.

faillite, _f._ bankruptcy; faire --, to fail.

faim, _f._ hunger.

fainéant, -e, _adj. and s._ idle, lazy fellow, do-nothing, sluggard.

faire, _v._ to do, make, form, build, perform, cause, act, heave,

utter, let, mark, play the part of, bring it about (that), be (weather),

take (a step, a nap), commit (an act), have (a dream, supper, anything

clone), pay (court, compliment, attention), pass over or cover

(distance), serve (time), give (pleasure, trouble, light, pain), say

(when quoting), ask (a question), play (a game), attach (importance),

cut (teeth), compose (verses), carry on (trade); se --, be done, be

made, be produced, grow, become, be; se -- à, become accustomed to,

adapt oneself to; -- danser, invite to dance, play for a dance for;

me -- envie, make me envious; -- entrer, show in, take in; --

voir, show; que --?, what is (was, etc.) to be done?; ne --

que, only (with a verb); n'avoir que -- de, have no reason to,

have nothing to do with; -- venir, send for; -- tête à, stand

out against, face; il n'a rien à-- ici, it is out of place here;

rien n'y fit, nothing worked; être fait à, be adapted to; les

noces furent faites, the wedding took place.

faisceau, _m._ bundle, sheaf; remettre les armes en faisceaux, to

stack arms again.

faiseur, -euse, _m., f._ maker, dressmaker.

fait, _m._ fact, deed; allons au --, let us come to the

point; haut fait, exploit.

faîte, _m._ top, ridge (of a roof).

falaise, _f._ cliff.

falbala, _m._ furbelow, flounce.

falloir, _v._ to be necessary, need, must, should, have to; tant

s'en faut, by a good deal.

fameux, -euse, _adj._ famous, great, precious (familiar).

familiariser, _v._ to familiarize, accustom.

familier, -ère, _adj_ familiar.

famille, _f._ family.

faner, _v._ to fade, wither.

fantaisie, _f._ fancy, whim.

fantasmagorie, _f._ phantasmagoria (fantastic series of illusive

or terrifying figures).

fantasque, _adj._ fantastic, fanciful, whimsical.

fantastique, _adj._ fantastic, supernatural, incredible.

fantastiquement, _adv._ fantastically.

faquir, _m._ fakir (Mohammedan monk).

farceur, _m._ joker.

fardeau, _m._ burden.

farine, _f._ flour.

farouche, _adj._ wild, unsociable, shy, skittish.

fasciner, _v._ to fascinate.

fat, _m._ fop, coxcomb (_t_ pronounced).

fatal, -e, _adj._ fatal.

fatalité, _f._ fatality, mischance.

fatigant, -e, _adj._ tiring.

fatigue, _f._ fatigue, weariness, hard work.

fatiguer, _v._ to weary, tire, exhaust, wear out, lash (of the

wind).

faubourg, _m._ outskirt, suburb, faubourg (quarter between

center and town limit); le Faubourg, the Faubourg Saint Germain

(Parisian quarter of the old aristocracy).

faubourien, -ne, _m., f._ inhabitant of a faubourg (where

laborers, workmen, etc., live), plebeian.

faulx, obsolescent spelling of faux, _f._

faute, _f._ fault, error; -- de, for lack of; -- de

mieux, for lack of anything better; il y a un peu de votre --

dans, you are a little to blame for.

fauteuil, _m._ armchair.

fauve, _adj._ fallow, fawn-colored, tawny; bête --, wild

beast, deer.

fauvette, _f._ warbler.

faux, _f._ scythe.

faux, fausse, _adj._ false, pretended, wrong; -- pas, misstep,

mistake.

faveur, _f._ favor.

favorable, _adj._ favorable, pleasing.

favori, -te, _adj._ favorite; _m. pl._ whiskers, side-whiskers.

favoriser, _v._ to favor.

Fécamp, town on the English Channel between Le Havre and Dieppe

(department of Seine-Inférieure).

fée, _f._ fairy.

feindre, _v._ to feign, pretend.

Félibrige, _m._ name of a modern school or society of Provençal

writers (see also note given on p. 295).

félicité, _f._ felicity.

féliciter, _v._ to congratulate.

fellah, _m._ fellah (Egyptian peasant).

féminin, -e, _adj._ feminine.

femme, _f._ woman, wife; -- de chambre, maid.

fendre, _v._ to split, cleave, crack;

fendu, -e, split, wide open (of the mouth).

fenêtre, _f._ window; sauter sur la --, to jump on the

window-sill.

fer, _m._ iron.

Ferdoussi, Firdusi or Ferdausi, celebrated Persian epic poet,

author of the Shahnamah or Book of Kings (c. 940-c. 1020).

ferme, _adj. and adv._ firm, steady, firmly, steadily, hard.

ferme, _f._ farm, farming out, lease.

fermenter, _v._ to ferment.

fermer, _v._ to close, shut; se --, close.

fermeté, _f._ firmness, steadiness.

fermeture, _f._ closing, fastening.

fermier, _m._ farmer; -- général, farmer-general (financier to

whom, before the French Revolution, the taxes were farmed out).

féroce, _adj._ ferocious.

férocité, _f._ ferocity.

ferrer, _v._ to tip with iron, shoe.

ferveur, _f._ fervor.

fête, _f._ festival, holiday, party, entertainment; jour de

--, holiday.

feu, _m._ fire, shot; de --, of fire, fiery, red-hot; faire

--, to fire; mettre le --, set fire (to anything); au coin de

son --, at her fireside.

feu, -e, _adj._ late, deceased.

feuille, _f._ leaf.

feuillée, _f._ bower, foliage.

feuillet, _m._ leaf (of a book).

feuilleter, _v._ to turn the leaves of.

feutre, _m._ felt, felt hat.

février, _m._ February.

fi, _interj._ fie!; -- donc!, fie!, for shame!

fiancer, _v._ to betroth; fiancé, -e, fiancé, fiancée,

betrothed.

ficeler, _v._ to tie, bind.

ficelle, _f._ string.

fidèle, _adj._ faithful.

fiente, _f._ dung (of birds, cattle, etc.).

fier, _v._ to trust; se -- à (sur), trust to, rely on.

fier, -ère, _adj._ proud, haughty, stout, bold; avoir un --

courage, to be downright courageous (_r_ pronounced).

fièrement, _adv._ proudly.

fierté, _f._ pride.

fieu, dialectic for fils.

fièvre, _f._ lever.

fiévreux, -euse, _adj. and s._ feverish, person with a lever.

figer, _v._ to congeal; se --, be congealed or coagulated.

figurant, -e, _m., f._ supernumerary.

figure, _f._ face, figure; faire -- to cut a figure, be quite

prominent.

figurer (se), _v._ to imagine, picture, represent; figurez-vous,

just imagine.

fil, _m._ thread, line, wire, edge (_l_ pronounced).

filature, _f._ spinning-mill.

file, _f._ file, row.

filer, _v._ to spin, file by, be off, get away, shoot by, move

along, cover ground, pay out; -- son chemin, make off.

filet, _m._ net, netting, thread, filet, bead, small stream,

fillet.

fille, _f._ daughter, girl; -- à marier, marriageable girl;

-- mère, unmarried mother.

filou, _m._ pickpocket, sharper.

fils, _m._ son; -- de famille, gentleman's son;

Fils de France, French prince (pronounced: _fis_).

fin, _f._ end.

fin, -e, _adj._ fine, delicate, precious, of fine quality; fine

fleur, cream, finest quality; au -- fond de son sommeil, really

and soundly asleep;

fine, _f._ (abbreviation for fine champagne), choice brandy.

finalement, _adv._ finally, once for all.

financier, -ère, _adj. and s._ financial, financier.

finir, _v._ to finish, end; -- par (with infinitive), finally.

firmament, _m._ firmament.

fisc, _m._ public treasury.

fixe, _adj._ fixed, appointed.

fixement, _adv._ fixedly.

fixer, _v._ to fix.

flacon, _m._ flask.

flairer, _v._ to scent, smell.

flamber, _v._ to flame, blaze, blaze up, burst into flame, burn.

flamboyer, _v._ to flame, glitter, glisten; flamboyant, -e,

flamboyant, flaming.

flamme, _f._ flame.

flanc, _m._ flank, side.

Flandre, _f._ Flanders.

flâner, _v._ to lounge, lie about, lie, stroll.

flanquer, _v._ to flank, hit, let have or give (a blow); flanqué

de, flanked by, having on the sides.

flaque, _f._ puddle.

flasque, _adj._ flabby, loose.

flatter, _v._ to flatter.

flatterie, _f._ flattery.

flatteur, -euse, _adj._ flattering.

fléau, _m._ flail, scourge.

flèche, _f._ arrow.

fleur, _f._ flower; petite -- bleue, little blue flower of

poetic imagination.

fleurer, _v._ to smell (of).

fleurette, _f._ little flower, gallant speech.

fleurir, _v._ to flower, blossom, adorn with flowers; fleuri,

-e, flowered, flowery.

fleuron, _m._ flower-like ornament, vignette, flourish.

fleuve, _m._ river.

flocon, _m._ flake.

Flore, Flora (Roman goddess of flowers).

florin, _m._ florin (of varying value, the former German coin was

worth 40 cents).

flot, _m._ wave, flood.

flotte, _f._ fleet.

flotter, _v._ to float, wave (hair).

flottille, _f._ flotilla.

flûte, _f._ flute; à son de --, high-pitched.

flux, _m._ flow, rising tide, flood (pronounced: _flu_).

foi, _f._ faith.

foire, _m._ fair.

fois, _f._ time; une --, once; deux --, twice; à la

--, at the same time, at a time; il y avait une --, there was

once upon a time.

folie, _f._ madness, insanity, folly, prank.

follet, -te, _adj._ playful, downy, silky; poils follets, clown.

foncé, -e, _adj._ dark.

fonction, _f._ function, duty.

fonctionaire, _m._ functionary, official.

fond, _m._ bottom, back, end, background, depths, low-land, heart.

fonder, _v._ to found.

fondre, _v._ to melt, reduce (fat); -- en larmes, burst into

tears.

fonds, _m._ stock.

fontaine, _f._ fountain.

Fontainebleau, town about 35 miles south of Paris with a famous

Renaissance castle built by Francis I, there is also an artillery and

engineering school for the army.

fonte, _f._ cast-iron.

force, _f._ force, might, strength, full strength; à -- de, by

dint of; à toute --, in spite of everything; -- publique,

police.

forcer, _v._ to force, make, break through, bend, overwork.

forestier, -ère, _adj._ and s. forest, forester, forester's wife.

forêt, _f._ forest; la Forêt Noire, the Black Forest (east of

the upper Rhine, in Baden and Würtemberg, corresponding in elevation to

the Vosges on the west bank).

forme, _f._ form, figure, proportion.

former, _v._ to form.

formidable, _adj._ formidable.

fort, -e, _adj., adv. and s._ strong, clever, hard, very; very

much,. much, heavy, loud, astounding.

fortement, _adv._ strongly, firmly, very.

forteresse, _f._ fortress.

fortification, _f._ fortification (in _pl._ the name is given to

the wall around Paris).

fortifier, _v._ to fortify, strengthen.

fortune, _f._ fortune.

fossé, m. ditch, moat, drain.

fossette, _f._ dimple.

fou, folle, _adj. and s._ mad, crazy, wild, capricious, crazy

person, madman.

foudre, _f._ flash (of lightning), thunderbolt.

fouetter, _v._ to whip, whip up, lash.

fouiller, _v._ to dig, dig in, excavate, search, ransack.

fouillis, _m._ confused mass, confusion, disorder.

fouine, _f._ beech-marten (white-throated marten).

foule, _f._ crowd, lot.

fouler, _v._ to trample upon, tread.

four, _m._ oven, kiln; le -- chauffe pour moi, things are

getting hot for me.

fourche, _f._ fork, pitchfork.

fourchette, _f._ fork.

fourneau, _m._ stove, range, furnace.

fournée, _f._ ovenful, batch.

fournir, _v._ to furnish.

fourrage, _m._ fodder.

fourré, -e, _adj. and m._ furred, lined with fur, bushy, thick,

thicket.

fourreau, _m._ scabbard.

fourrure, _f._ fur.

foutu, -e, _adj._ done for, down and out, gone (extremely vulgar).

foyer, _m._ hearth, fireplace, fireside, home, foyer.

fracas, _m._ crash.

fraction, _f._ fraction, part.

fragile, _adj._ fragile.

fragment, _m._ fragment, piece.

fraîchement, _adv._ freshly.

fraîcheur, _f._ freshness, coolness, bloom, beauty.

frais, fraîche, _adj._ fresh, cool, rosy, with a fresh complexion,

recently made; mettre au --, to cool, cool off.

frais, _m. pl._ expenses, expense.

franc, _m._ franc (about 19 cents).

franc, franche, _adj._ frank, honest, open; -- comme l'or,

honest as the day.

français, -e, _adj. and s._ French, Frenchman (written

Français when _s._).

France, _f._ France.

franchement, _adv._ frankly.

franchir, _v._ to clear, pass over, pass, leap over.

franchise, _f._ frankness; de --, frank.

François, Francis.

franc-tireur, _m._ irregular sharp-shooter or skirmisher (volunteer

not in regular army).

frange, _f._ fringe.

Franguistan (usually written Frangistan), _m._ name given by

Orientais to Western Europe.

frapper, _v._ to strike, knock; -- des pieds, stamp; frappé

de, stricken with.

fraulein = demoiselle or mademoiselle (German).

frayeur, _f._ fright.

fredonner, _v._ to hum, trill.

frêle, _adj._ frail, slender.

Frelu, proper name, _cf._ frêle.

frémir, _v._ to shudder, shake, quiver.

fremis, _m._ = frémissement (dialectic).

frémissement, _m._ trembling, rustling, quivering, murmuring, shock.

frénésie, _f._ frenzy, madness.

frénétique, _adj._ frantic.

frénétiquement, _adv._ frantically.

fréquent, -e, _adj._ frequent.

fréquentation, _f._ frequentation; la -- de, frequenting.

frère, _m._ brother.

fret, _m._ freight; vaisseau à --, cargo-boat (pronounced:

_frè_).

fricassée, _f._ fricassee (meat cut up and served in sauce).

fricasser, _v._ to fricassee.

fricot, _m._ stew, ragout.

frigousse, _f._ food, feasting, high time (familiar).

fringaler, _v._ to stagger (Old French word = to dance).

friper, _v._ to rumple, wear out.

fripon, _m._ rogue, rascal.

friser, _v._ to curl; frisé, -e, curled, curly.

frisson, _m._ shiver, shudder; avoir (donner) le --, to have

(give) the shivers.

frissonner, _v._ to shiver, shudder, tremble.

froid, -e, _adj. and m._ cold, chill.

froidement, _adv._ coldly, coolly.

froissement, _m._ rumpling, rustling.

frôlement, _m._ rustling.

frôler, _v._ to graze, brush.

froncer, _v._ to wrinkle, contract, pucker, knit; -- les

sourcils, frown, scowl.

front, _m._ forehead, brow, face, effrontery, impudence, "nldquo;nerve."

frontière, _f._ frontier.

fronton, _m._ pediment.

frottement, _m._ rubbing, scratching, scraping.

fruit, _m._ fruit, advantage, result.

fugitif, -ive, _adj. and s._ fugitive.

fuir, _v._ to flee, flee from.

fuite, _f._ flight.

fumée, _f._ smoke.

fumer, _v._ to smoke.

fumet, _m._ savor, aroma.

fumier, _m._ dung-heap, manure.

funèbre, _adj._ funeral, mournful.

funérailles, _f. pl._ funeral.

funeste, _adj._ fatal, baneful, disastrous, gloomy.

furet, _m._ ferret.

fureter, _v._ to ferret, rummage, pry.

fureur, _f._ fury.

furibond, -e, _adj._ furious, raging.

furie, _f._ fury; en --, raging.

furieux, -euse, _adj. and s._ furious, mad, madman.

fuselê, -e, _adj._ spindle-shaped, slender.

fusil, _m._ gun.

fusillade, _f._ fusillade, discharge of musketry.

fusiller, _v._ to shoot.

futaille, _f._ cask, barrel.

futaine, _f._ fustian (cloth).

fûté, -e, _adj._ cunning, sly, crafty, smart.

futur, -e, _adj._ future.

fuyard, _m._ fugitive, deserter.

G

gâcher, _v._ to make a mess of, spoil.

gage, _m._ pledge, security; _pl._ wages; mettre en --, to

pawn.

gager, _v._ to wager.

gagner, _v._ to gain, win, gain possession of, reach, earn.

gai, -e, _adj._ gay, merry.

gaiement, _adv._ gaily, merrily.

gaieté, _f._ gaiety, jollity, glee, merriment.

gaillard, -e, _adj. and s._ jolly, jovial, plucky, brave, jolly

fellow, lusty feliow, fellow.

gaillardet, -te, _adj._ hearty (diminutive formed from

gaillard in imitation of the Provençal _gaiardet_).

gaillardise, _f._ jollity, broad joke.

Gaillon, village in the department of Eure (Normandy), contains a

prison (see context).

gain, _m._ gain, winnings.

gala, _m._ gala, show, ceremony, full dress.

galant, -e, _adj._ and s. gallant, courtly, graceful, elegant,

suitor, sweetheart.

galerie, _f._ gallery, corridor.

galérien, _m._ convict.

galerne, _f._ west-north-west wind, west-north-west.

galette, _f._ griddle-cake.

galine, _see_ coq.

Gallitzin (Caroline -- de Genthod, née Comtesse Walewska), probably

a sister of the Pole, Alexander Walewski, a soldier, diplomat and

statesman in the French service (1810-1868).

galon, _m._ stripe.

galop, _m._ gallop.

galoper, _v._ to gallop, palpitate.

gambader, _v._ to gambol, frisk.

gamin, -e, _m., f._ gamin, brat.

gant, _m._ glove.

garçon, _m._ boy, bachelor, fellow, waiter, attendant.

garde, _f._ guard, watch, nurse; _m._ guardian, guard, keeper;

n'avoir -- de, to have no intention to, take care not to, be far

from; prendre --, take care; prendre -- à, pay attention to;

la mer est d'une fameuse --, the sea guards its own well; sur ses

gardes, on his guard; -- nationale, national guard (militia);

-- national, militia-man; chien de --, watchdog.

garder, _v._ to guard, keep; se -- de, take care not to.

gardeur, _m._ keeper, cowherd, cowherd's dog.

gardien, -ne, _adj. and s._ guardian, guard, keeper.

gare, _interj._ lookout!; -- donc!, come!, look out!

gargariser, _v._ to gargle; je m'en gargarise, I am enjoying

it.

garnir, _v._ to furnish, fit out, cover, adorn, fill, trim, be

scattered over; se --, be trimmed, be filled.

garnison, _f._ garrison.

garniture, _f._ trimming.

garrotter, _v._ to bind firmly.

gars, _m._ young fellow, stripling, fellow, boy (pronounced: _gar

or ga_).

gaspiller, _v._ to waste, squander.

gâteau, _m._ cake.

gâter, _v._ to spoil.

gauche, _adj._ left, awkward; _f._ left band.

gaudriole, _f._ broadjoke.

gaufrer, _v._ to gaffer, plaît, flute.

gaulois, -e, _adj._ Gallic.

gaz, _m._ gas (_z_ pronounced).

gaze, _f._ gauze.

gazelle, _f._ gazelle.

gazette, _f._ newspaper.

gazon, _m._ sward, grass.

géant, -e, _adj. and s._ gigantic, giant.

gelée, _f._ frost.

geler, _v._ to freeze.

gémir, _v._ to groan, moan.

gémissement, _m._ groan, wail.

gendarme, _m._ gendarme, military police officer.

gendarmerie, _f._ military police.

gendre, _m._ son-in-law.

gêne, _f._ uneasiness, embarrassment, constraint, hesitation.

gêner, _v._ to embarrass, trouble, be in the way of, inconvenience.

général, -e, _adj. and m._ general.

génération, _f._ generation.

générosité, _f._ generosity.

génie, _m._ genius, spirit.

genou, _m._ knee.

genre, _m._ kind, sort, form.

gens, _m. pl._ (preceding adjective takes feminine form) people;

jeunes --, young men, young people; ses --, his servants.

gentil, -le, _adj._ nice.

gentilhomme, _m._ nobleman, gentleman (_l_ pronounced as _y_).

gerbe, _f._ sheaf, cluster.

gerbier, _m._ stack, mow.

germe, _m._ germ.

germain, -e, _adj._ german, first; cousin issu de --, first

cousin once removed.

Gertrude, Gertrude.

gésir, _v._ to lie.

geste, _m._ gesture.

gesticuler, _v._ to gesticulate.

ghazel, _m._ gazel (Persian love poem).

giaour, _m._ giaour (Turkish name for all non-Mohammedans).

gibet, _m._ gibbet, gallows.

gibier, _m._ game.

gigantesque, _adj._ gigantic.

gilet, _m._ waistcoat.

Giseh, Gizeh (Egyptian city and province on the Nile).

gîte, _m._ abode, shelter, resting-place.

glace, _f._ ice, plate-glass, mirror.

glacer, _v._ to ice, freeze, chill; glacé, -e, iced, icy, frozen.

glacial, -e, _adj._ glacial, icy.

gland, _m._ acorn, tassel.

glaner, _v._ to glean.

glaneur, -euse, _m., f._ gleaner.

glissade, _f._ slide; faire une --, to slide.

glisser, _v._ to slide, slip, glide, be slippery; se --, slip,

glide; -- sur, slip on, slip or glide, slip off; glissant, -e,

_adj._ slippery.

gloire, _f._ glory; faire -- de, to glory in.

glorieux, -euse, _adj._ glorious, vainglorious, proud.

glouglou, _m._ gurgling.

glousser, _v._ to cluck.

Godeau, name of a family in Croisilles; Antoine -- was a

bishop and poet of the 17th century.

Godefroy, Godfrey; -- de Bouillon, duke and leader of the

first crusade and first King of Jerusalem (1058-1100).

goguenard, -e, _adj._ bantering, jeering, scoffing.

golfe, _m._ gulf.

gond, _m._ hinge (of a blind or door).

gonfler, _v._ to swell, swell out, put! out, fill; gonflé,

-e, swollen.

gorge, _f._ throat, gorge.

gorgée, _f._ swallow.

gorger, _v._ to gorge.

gorille, _m._ gorilla.

gosse, _m., f._ small child, "kldquo;kid" (familiar).

goudronner, _v._ to tar.

gouffre, _m._ gulf, abyss.

goule, _f._ ghoul.

gourdin, _m._ cudgel, club.

gousset, _m._ gusset, watch-pocket (in trousers), waist-coat pocket.

goût, _m._ taste.

goûter, _v._ to taste, relish.

goutte, _f._ drop, gout.

gouttelette, _f._ little drop.

goutteux, -euse, _adj._ gouty.

gouttière, _f._ gutter.

gouvernail, _m._ rudder, helm.

gouvernante, _f._ governess.

gouverner, _v._ to govern.

grâce, _f._ grace, charm, favor, pardon, mercy; -- à, thanks

to.

gracieux, -euse, _adj._ gracious, graceful.

grade, _m._ grade, rank.

grain, _m._ grain, squall.

graine, _f._ seed, germ.

graisse, _f._ grease, fat.

grammaire, _f._ grammar.

grand, -e, _adj. and s._ great, grand, tall, large, big, chief,

full, wide (open), open (air), long (step), high (wind, officer, etc.);

au -- trot, at a fast trot; grande toilette, full evening

dress; grand'peine, great difficulty; grand'chose, much.

grandement, _adv._ greatly, highly.

grandeur, _f._ greatness, height, size, grandeur.

grandiose, _adj._ grand, majestic.

grandir, _v._ to grow tall, grow up, grow, make tall or great,

enlarge, increase.

grand'mère, _f._ grandmother.

grand-père, _m._ grandfather.

grange, _f._ barn.

granit, _m._ granite.

granitique, _adj._ granite.

Grapasi, proper name suggesting grappiller, to pilfer.

grappe, _f._ cluster, bunch.

gras, -se, _adj. and s._ fat, greasy, rich, luxuriant, thick or

guttural (speech).

grassouillet, -te, _adj._ plump.

gratification, _f._ gratuity, reward.

gratter, _v._ to scratch, scrape.

grave, _adj._ grave.

gravement, _adv._ gravely.

gravir, _v._ to climb, clamber up, ascend.

gravité, _f._ gravity, seriousness.

gré, _m._ will, pleasure, liking.

grec, grecque, _adj. and s._ Greek (written Grec when _s._).

Grèce, _f._ Greece.

Grédel, Margery, Maggie (German, _cf. Grete_ for _Margarete_).

gredin, _m._ rascal, scoundrel.

greffier, _m._ clerk (of the court).

grêle, _adj._ slender, shrill.

grelotter, _v._ to shiver.

grenade, _f._ pomegranate, grenade.

grenadier, _m._ grenadier.

grenier, _m._ loft, garret, attic.

grenouille, _f._ frog (_ou_ and _i_ should both be pronounced

distinctly, _ou_ is not a semi-vowel as in louis).

grès, _m._ sandstone.

grésil, _m._ sleet.

grésiller, _v._ to shrivel, shrink, crackle, tingle.

grève, _f._ strand, beach, strike

grièvement, _adv._ grievously, gravely, seriously.

griffe, _f._ claw.

gril, _m._ grid-iron.

griller, _v._ to broil, roast.

grimace, _f._ grimace, grin, wry or forbidding face; faire la

--, to make a (wry) face.

grimacer, _v._ to make wry faces, grin.

grimper, _v._ to climb.

grincement, _m._ gnashing, grinding.

grincer, _v._ to grind, gnash, grate.

grippe, _f._ whim, caprice; prendre en --, to take a dislike

to.

grippe-sou, _m. and adj._ skin-flint, miser, stingy.

gris, -e, _adj. and s._ gray, tipsy; en voir de grises, to

have a hot time.

grisâtre, _adj._ grayish.

griser, _v._ to make tipsy, intoxicate; se --, get drunk.

grisette, _f._ grisette (coquettish working girl or shop-girl).

grive, _f._ thrush.

grogner, _v._ to grumble, grunt, growl.

gronder, _v._ to scold, rumble, roar.

groom, _m._ groom.

gros, grosse, _adj. and s._ big, thick, stout, heavy, rough,

coarse, fat man, bulk, mass, main body; en --, wholesale, in a

general way; -- temps, stormy weather; -- mot, coarse word;

le coeur --, sick at heart.

grossier, -ère, _adj._ coarse, gross, rude, rough, low.

grossièreté, _f._ coarseness, rudeness, vulgar remark.

grossir, _v_ to enlarge, swell, magnify, grow, increase.

grotesque, _adj._ grotesque.

grotte, _f._ grotto.

grouiller, _v._ to swarm, crawl.

groupe, _m._ group.

grouper, _v._ to group.

Guérande, small town in the department of Loire-Inférieure.

guère, _adv._ scarcely; ne ... -- , scarcely.

guerre, _f._ war.

guerrier, -ère, _adj. and s._ of war, warlike, warrior.

guet, _m._ watch; faire le --, to be on the lookout.

guetter, _v._ to watch, watch for.

gueule, _f._ mouth (of animals), jaws, chops.

gueusard, _m._ rascal.

gueux, -euse, _adj. and s._ beggarly, poor, beggar, scoundrel.

guide, _m._ guide.

guider, _v._ to guide, steer.

guigne, _f._ white-heart cherry.

guignon, _m._ bad luck.

Guillaume, William.

Guillemet, Willie (a child's name, diminutive of Guillaume).

guinder, _v._ to hoist, strain; guindé, -e, stiff, unnatural.

guirlande, _f._ garland, wreath.

guise, _f._ manner, way; en -- de, as a.

Gulistan, _m._ Garden of Roses (name of a moralizing poem

by Sadi, a Persian poet of the 13th century).

guttural, -e, _adj._ guttural.

guzla, _f._ guzla (Croatian violin with one string).

gymnastique, _adj._ gymnastic; pas --, double-quick, run, trot.

H

('h=aspirate h)

habile, _adj._ clever, skilful.

habilement, _adv._ cleverly, skilfully.

habiller, _v._ to dress.

habit, _m._ coat, dress-coat; _pl._ clothes.

habitant, _m._ inhabitant.

habitation, _f._ habitation, dwelling, house.

habiter, _v._ to live in, dwell.

habitude, _f._ habit; d'--, usual, usually.

habitué, _m._ frequenter, regular customer.

habituel, -le, _adj._ habitual.

habituellement, _adv._ habitually.

habituer, _v._ to accustom.

'hache, _f._ ax.

'hagard, -e, _adj._ haggard.

'haïck, _m._ haïk (piece of cloth used as an outer garment by the

Arabs).

'haillon, _m._ rag, tatter.

'haine, _f._ hatred, hate.

'hair, _v._ to hate.

haleine, _f._ breath.

'haleter, _v._ to pant.

'haleur, _m._ hallier (person who draws a boat upon entering a

port, etc.).

'halle, _f._ market; les Halles, the large Central Market in Paris.

hallucination, _f._ hallucination.

'halte, _f._ halt; faire --, to halt.

'hameau, _m._ hamlet.

'hanche, _f._ hip.

'hanter, _v._ to haunt.

'happer, _v._ to snatch (with the mouth).

'harasser, _v._ to harass, jade, tire out.

'hardes, _f. pl._ clothes.

'hardi, -e, _adj._ bold.

'hardiesse, _f._ boldness.

'hardiment, _adv._ boldly.

harmonie, _f._ harmony.

harmonier, _v._ to harmonize (obsolescent, more usually:

harmoniser).

'harpe, _f._ harp.

'harpiste, _m., f._ harpist.

'hasard, _m._ hazard, chance, fortune, risk, danger; au --, at

random.

'hasarder, _v._ to risk; se --, risk oneself, dare; -- un

oeil, risk exposing an eye.

Hassan, grandson of Mohammed and a favorite Mohammedan name, also a

mosque in Cairo containing Hassan's relics.

'hâte, _f._ haste, hurry; à la --, in haste.

'hâter, _v._ to hasten, hurry; se --, hasten, hurry.

'hausse, _f._ rise.

'hausser, _v._ to lift, shrug.

'haut, -e, _adj., adv. and m._ high, tall, loud, important, aloud,

loudly, raised, top; en --, upstairs, above, in the upper part; en

-- de, on (at the) top of; là- --, up there; tout --,

aloud; la haute, society people (slang); -- de cinquante

pieds, fifty feet high; le -- poisson, fine or highly esteemed

fish.

'hauteur, _f._ height; à la -- de, at the height of, opposite,

even with.

'hâve, _adj._ wan, emaciated.

'havre, _m._ haven, harbor.

'Havre (le), city and important port at the mouth of the Seine.

'hé, _interj._ ho!, oh!, hello!

'Heidelberg, city with a noted university and castle on the Neckar,

in Baden.

'hein, _interj._ hey, what?

'Heinrich, Henry (German).

hélas, _interj._ alas! (_s_ pronounced).

'héler, _v._ to hail, call.

hélice, _f._ screw, propeller.

hémorragie, _f._ hemorrhage.

Henri IV, Henry IV, the popular French King, reigned: 1589-1610.

herbe, _f._ grass, herb.

hercule, _m._ Hercules, strong man.

herculéen, -enne, _adj._ Herculean (_en_ pronounced as in _bien_).

héréditaire, _adj._ hereditary.

'hérisser, _v._ to bristle, make stand up, erect; hérissé,

-e, _adj._ bristling.

héritage, _m._ heritage, patrimony.

hériter, _v._ to inherit.

héritier, -ère, _m., f._ heir, heiress.

héroïque, _adj._ heroic.

'héron, _m._ heron.

'héros, _m._ hero.

'herse, _f._ harrow.

hésitation, _f._ hesitation.

hésiter, _v._ to hesitate.

hétairiste, _m._ hetoerist, member of the hetoeria (Greek secret

league at the time of the war for Greek independence).

'hêtre, _m._ beech-tree.

heure, _f._ hour, o'clock, time; de bonne --, early; tout à

l'--, in a little while, in a moment, just now, a moment ago; à

cette --, now (colloquial).

heureusement, _adv._ happily, fortunately.

heureux, -euse, _adj. and s._ happy, fortunate, happy person.

'heurter, _v._ to strike against, knock.

'hideusement, _adv._ hideously.

'hideux, -euse, _adj._ hideous.

hier, _adv._ yesterday; arriver d'--, to arrive yesterday.

'hiérarchie, _f._ hierarchy.

hiéroglyphe, _m. and adj._ hieroglyph, hieroglyphic.

'hilfe, _f._ help (German).

hippogriffe, _m._ hippogriff (half horse, half griffin, a fabulous

steed of the romances of chivalry).

hippopotame, _m._ hippopotamus.

hirondelle, _f._ swallow.

histoire, _f._ history, story; -- de rire, just to laugh (slang).

historique, _adj._ historical, historic.

hiver, _m._ winter.

'hocher, _v._ to shake.

'hochet, _m._ rattle.

'homard, _m._ lobster.

hommage, _m._ homage, respects; -- et souvenir de l'auteur,

with the kind regards and remembrances of the author.

homme, _m._ man; familiarly: husband.

'Honeck (le), _m._ the Hohneck (one of the Vosges mountains west of

Colmar).

Honfleur, village at the mouth of the Seine, opposite le Havre.

honnête, _adj._ honest, honorable, decent, respectable.

honneur, _m._ honor; faire -- à, to honor.

honorable, _adj._ honorable.

'honte, _f._ shame; avoir --, to be ashamed; fausse --,

bashfulness.

'honteux, -euse, _adj._ ashamed, shameful, bashful.

hôpital, _m._ hospital (usually for the poor).

'hoquet, _m._ hiccough.

horizon, _m._ horizon.

horloge, _f._ clock.

honnis, _prep._ except, save.

horreur, _f._ horror; quelle --, how horrible; avoir --

de, to abhor.

horrible, _adj._ horrible.

horriblement, _adv._ horribly.

'hors (de), _prep._ out of; -- de lui, beside himself; -- de

combat, disabled; les yeux -- de la tête, the eyes popping out

of the head.

hostie, _f._ consecrated wafer, host.

hostilité, _f._ hostility.

hôte, _m._ host, guest; hôtesse, f. hostess.

hôtel, _m._ hotel, mansion, large private house.

'houri, _f._ houri (woman of the Mohammedan paradise).

'hourra, _m._ hurrah, cheer.

'huche, _f._ trough, bin.

huile, _f._ oil.

huiler, _v._ to oil.

huis, _m._ door (now little used).

'huit, _card._ eight; -- jours, a week.

huitre, _f._ oyster.

humain, -e, _adj._ human.

humanité, _f._ humanity.

humble, _adj._ humble.

humblement, _adv._ humbly.

humeur, _f._ disposition, ill humor, humor.

humide, _adj._ humid, damp, moist.

'huppe, _f._ topknot, tuft.

'hurlement, _m._ howl, howling, shriek, roar.

'hurler, _v._ to howl.

'hurrah, _interj. and m._ hurrah!, cheer.

'hussard, _m._ hussar (light cavalryman).

hygiénique, _adj._ hygienic.

hypocrite, _adj. and s._ hypocritical, hypocrite.

hystérique, _adj._ hysterical.

I

Ibnn-Ben-Omaz, a peculiar name, possibly due to Gautier; Ibn is the

Arabic name for son, Ben is Hebrew for son.

ici, _adv._ here; par --, this way; -- -même, in this

very place; -- -bas, here below.

idée, _f._ idea.

idiot, -e, _adj. and s._ idiotic, idiot.

idole, _f._ idol.

Iéna, Jena (town in Saxe Weimar, scelle of the battle (1806) in

which Napoleon defeated the Prussians).

if, _m._ yew-tree.

ignorer, _v._ to be ignorant of, not to know; ignorant, -e,

ignorant.

il, ils, _conj. pr._ he, it, there, they.

ile, _f._ island.

illimité, -e, _adj._ unlimited, unbounded, measureless.

illuminer, _v._ to illuminate, light up; s'--, light up, be

illuminated.

illusion, _f._ illusion.

illustre, _adj._ illustrious.

illustrer, _v._ to illustrate, make illustrious.

îlot, _m_. small island.

image, _f._ image, likeness, picture.

imagination, _f._ imagination.

imaginer, _v._ to imagine; s'--, imagine.

imbécile, _adj. and s._ foolish, silly, imbecile.

imberbe, _adj._ beardless.

imiter, _v._ to imitate.

immédiat, -e, _adj._ immediate.

immédiatement, _adv._ immediately.

immense, _adj._ immense.

immensité, _f._ immensity, vast stretch.

immobile, _adj._ quiet, motionless.

immobiliser, _v._ to render immovable, stop, paralyze.

immobilité, _f._ immobility.

immodéré, -e, _adj._ immoderate, excessive.

immortel, -le, _adj._ immortal; _f._ everlasting (plant).

impartial, -e, _adj._ impartial (_ti_ pronouncedas _ci_).

impassible, _adj._ impassible, unmoved.

impassibilité, _f._ impassibility.

impatience, _f._ impatience (_ti_ in this and the next two words is

pronounced as _ci_).

impatient, -e, _adj._ impatient.

impatienter, _v._ to put out of patience, provoke.

impénétrable, _adj._ impenetrable, inscrutable.

imperceptible, _adj._ imperceptible.

impérieux, -euse, _adj._ imperious, pressing, domineering.

impertinent, -e, _adj. and s._ impertinent, impertinent fellow.

impétuosité, _f._ impetuosity.

impitoyablement, _adv._ pitilessly.

importance, _f._ importance.

importer, _v._ to matter; n'importe, no matter;

qu'importe?, what does it matter?; n'importe quoi, anything

whatsoever; n'importe qui, anyone.

imposer, _v._ to impose.

impossible, _adj._ impossible.

imposteur, _m._ impostor.

impôt, _m._ tax, toll.

impression _f._ impression

impressionner, _v._ to impress, make an impression upon.

imprévu, -e, _adj._ unforeseen, unexpected.

imprimer, _v._ to impress, press upon, print.

improviser, _v._ to improvise.

imprudemment, _adv._ imprudently (_em_ pronounced as _am_).

impuissance, _f._ impotency.

impuissant, -e, _adj._ impotent.

impulsion, _f._ impulse, impetus.

imputer, _v._ to impute.

inabordable, _adj._ inaccessible.

inaltérable, _adj._ unalterable, unchangeable.

inamovible, _adj._ irremovable (from office).

inattendu, -e, _adj._ unexpected.

incapable, _adj._ incapable.

incarnadin, -e, _adj._ flesh-colored, pink.

incarnation, _f._ incarnation.

incendie, _m._ fire, conflagration.

incertain, -e, _adj._ uncertain.

incertitude, _f._ uncertainty.

incessamment, _adv._ incessantly, directly.

incisif, -ive, _adj._ incisive.

incisive, _f._ incisor.

incliner, _v._ to incline, tilt; s'--, bow, lean.

incommodé, -e, _adj._ indisposed.

inconcevable, _adj._ inconceivable.

inconnu, -e, _adj. and s._ unknown, strange, stranger.

inconsolable, _adj._ inconsolable.

incontestable, _adj._ incontestable.

incontesté, -e, _adj._ uncontested.

incontinent, -e, _adj._ incontinent, intact; _adv._ at once.

inconvenance, _f._ impropriety, improper remark.

incorporer, _v._ to incorporate, take in.

incrédule, _adj._ incredulous.

incroyable, _adj._ incredible.

incruster, _v._ to incrust, inlay; incrusté, -e, incrusted,

fast.

indécence, _f._ indecency, immodesty.

indépendamment, _adv._ independently.

Inde, _f._ India; Indes, _f. pl._ Indies, India.

index, _m._ index, forefinger.

indice, _f._ indication, probable evidence.

indicible, _adj._ unspeakable, unutterable.

indienne, _f._ calico.

indifférence, _f._ indifference.

indifférent, -e, _adj. and s._ indifferent, of no difference or

importance, indifferent person, person of no concern.

indigestion, _f._ indigestion.

indignation, _f._ indignation.

indigner, _v._ to make indignant; indigné, -e, indignant.

indiquer, _v._ to indicate.

indiscret, -ète, _adj._ indiscreet.

indiscrétion, _f._ indiscretion.

indispensable, _adj._ indispensable.

individu, _m._ individual.

industrie, _f._ industry, trade.

inébranlable, _adj._ unshakable, immovable.

ineffable, _adj._ ineffable, unutterable.

inégal, -e, _adj._ unequal, irregular.

inerte, _adj._ inert.

inexplicable, _adj._ inexplicable, unaccountable.

inexprimable, _adj._ inexpressible, unutterable.

inextinguible, _adj._ inextinguishable.

infaillible, _adj._ infallible.

infanterie, _f._ infantry.

infatigable, _adj._ indefatigable.

inférieur, -e, _adj._ inferior, lower.

infernal, -e, _adj._ infernal.

infini, -e, _adj. and m._ infinite, infinity.

infiniment, _adv._ infinitely.

infinité, _f._ infinite number.

infirme, _adj. and s._ infirm, weak, infirm person, cripple.

inflexible, _adj._ inflexible.

infliger, _v._ to inflict.

influence, _f._ influence.

informer, _v._ to inform; s'--, inquire.

infortuné, -e, _adj. and s._ unfortunate, unfortunate person.

infranchissable, _adj._ insuperable, impassable.

ingénier (s'), _v._ to strive, tax one's ingenuity.

ingénieur, _m._ engineer.

ingénu, -e, _adj._ ingenuous, artless; ingénue, _f._ ingenuous

young girl.

ingrat, -e, _adj. and s._ ungrateful, ingrate.

inintelligible, _adj._ unintelligible.

injure, _f._ insult, wrong.

injustice, _f._ injustice.

innocent, -e, _adj._ innocent.

innombrable, _adj._ innumerable.

inoccupé, -e, _adj._ unoccupied.

inoffensif, -ive, _adj._ inoffensive.

inondation, _f._ inundation, flood.

inonder, _v._ to flood.

inouï, -e, _adj._ unheard of.

inquiet, -ète, _adj._ anxious, uneasy, restless.

inquiéter, _v._ to disturb, worry; s'--, be disturbed, be

uneasy, fret.

inquiétude, _f._ disquietude, restlessness, anxiety.

inquisiteur, -trice, _adj._ inquisitive, searching.

insatiabfe, _adj._ insatiable.(_t_ pronounced as _c_).

inscription, _f._ inscription.

insensible, _adj._ without feeling, indifferent, insensible.

insensiblement, _adv._ insensibly.

insignifiant, -e, _adj._ insignificant.

insister, _v._ to insist.

insolent, -e, _adj._ insolent.

insouciance, _f._ unconcern, carelessness.

insouciant, -e, _adj._ careless, heedless.

insoucieux, -euse, _adj._ thoughtless, unthinking.

inspecter, _v._ to inspect.

inspirer, _v._ to inspire, instil.

installer, _v._ to install.

instant, _m._ instant; pour l'--, for the time being; il

m'arrive à l'--, it has just come to me this instant.

instinct, _m._ instinct (_ct_ not pronounced).

instinctif, -ive, _adj._ instinctive.

instinctivement, _adv._ instinctively.

instruction, _f._ instruction; juge d'--, examining

magistrate.

instrument, _m._ instrument, tool.

insuccès, _m._ failure.

insupportable, _adj._ insupportable.

insurrection, _f._ insurrection.

intact, -e, _adj._ intact, untouched (_ct_ pronounced).

intelligence, _f._ intelligence.

intelligent, -e, _adj._ intelligent.

intention, _f._ intention, purpose.

interdire, _v._ to interdict, forbid, prohibit, dumbfound, amaze.

intéresser, _v._ to interest; intéressê, -e, adj. interested, for

gain; intéressant, -e, interesting; cela vous intéresse?, is

that any business of yours?

intérêt, _m._ interest.

intérieur, -e, _adj. and m._ interior, inside, mental.

intérieurement, _adv._ internally, mentally, in or on the inside.

interminable, _adj._ interminable.

interpréter, _v._ to interpret.

interrogation, _f._ interrogation, questioning.

interrogatoire, _m._ questioning, examination.

interroger, _v._ to interrogate, question.

interrompre, _v._ to interrupt; s'--, interrupt oneself, stop.

interruption, _f._ interruption.

interstice, _m._ interstice, opening, crevice.

intervalle, _m._ interval, space.

intime, _adj._ intimate.

intimider, _v._ to intimidate.

intonation, _f._ intonation.

intrépide, _adj._ intrepid, dauntless, fearless.

intrigant, _m._ intriguer.

intriguer, _v._ to puzzle, perplex.

introduire, _v._ to introduce, put or show in; s'--, introduce

oneself, get in.

inusité, -e, _adj._ unused, unaccustomed.

inutile, _adj._ useless, needless.

invariablement, _adv._ invariably.

invasion, _f._ invasion.

inventer, _v._ to invent.

invention, _f._ invention.

investigation, _f._ investigation.

invincible, _adj._ invincible, uncontrollable.

invitation, _f._ invitation.

inviter, _v._ to invite; invité, -e, _m., f._ guest.

involontaire, _adj._ involuntary.

invoquer, _v._ to invoke.

invraisemblable, _adj._ improbable, unlikely (_s_ pronounced as

in _sembler_).

iraigne, dialectic for araignée.

Iran, _m._ Iran (Persia, also the surrounding countries of the

great Asiatic plateau).

ironie, _f._ irony.

ironique, _adj._ ironical.

irrécusable, _adj._ unexceptionable, unobjectionable.

irrégulier, -ère, _adj._ irregular.

irréprochable, _adj._ irreproachable.

irrésistiblement, _adv._ irresistibly.

irresponsable, _adj._ irresponsible.

irriter, _v._ to irritate; s'--, be irritated, be aroused.

irruption, _f._ irruption, bursting, inroad.

isoler, _v._ to isolate; isolé, -e, isolated, solitary,

detached.

issu, -e, _adj._ descending, born.

issue, _f._ issue, escape, exit.

italien, -ne, _adj. and s._ Italian (written Italien when

_s._).

itou, _adv. and conj._ also (dialectic survival of the Old French

_itel_).

ivoire, _m._ ivory.

ivre, _adj._ intoxicated, drunk.

ivrogne, _m._ drunkard.

J

j', _see_ je.

jabot, _m._ frill.

Jacobite, _m._ Jacobite.

Jacquerie (la), name given to the uprising of the French peasants

against the nobles in 1358.

Jacques, James.

Jacquette, _cf._ Jenny, Janet.

jadis, _adv._ of old, in former times (_s_ pronounced).

jaillir, _v._ to burst forth or out, gush out, spurt, flash.

jaloux, -ouse, _adj._ jealous.

jamais, _adv._ never, ever; ne ... --, never.

jambe, _f._ leg.

jambon, _m._ ham.

jante, _f._ rim (of a wheel).

janvier, _m._ January.

Japon, _m._ Japan. japonais, -e, _adj. and s._ Japanese

(written Japonais when _s._).

jaquette, _f._ jacket.

jardin, _m._ garden.

jaser, _v._ to chatter, gossip.

jaspe, _m._ jasper.

jasper, _v._ to vein, streak, mottle.

jatte, _f._ bowl.

jaunâtre, _adj._ yellowish.

jaune, _adj. and m._ yellow; mettre la -- au nid, to put the

yellow hen on the nest.

Javotte, proper name (usually applied to talkative women).

je, _conj. pr._ I.

Jean, John.

Jean-Baptiste (_p_ not pronounced), frequent Christian name (from:

John the Baptist).

Jésus, Jesus; --!, _interj._ heavens!, etc. (_s_ pronounced).

jet, _m._ jet.

jetée, _f._ jetty, pier.

jeter, _v._ to throw, cast, throw out, cast or give forth, throw

down or away, utter; se --, throw oneself, etc., dart; la langue

au chat, give up guessing.

jettatura, _f._ bewitching, spell (cast by the eyes, etc.; Italian).

jeu, _m._ game, gambling, trick, set (of dominoes, etc.), gaming;

-- de mots, pun.

jeudi, _m._ Thursday.

jeune, _adj._ young, junior; -- fille, girl.

jeûner, _v._ to fast.

jeunesse, _f._ youth.

jeunet, -te, _adj._ too or very young, youthful.

joie, _f._ joy.

joindre, _v._ to join, put together, meet, clasp, add, reach.

joli, -e, _adj._ pretty, good looking.

joliment, _adv._ prettily, mighty (familiar in last sense).

Jonquières, name of several French villages, the one to which

Daudet refers is in the department of Gard, near Beaucaire.

Joseph, Joseph (see Genesis xxxvii, etc.).

joue, _f._ cheek.

jouer, _v._ to play, stake; se --, play; faire --, start

moving, bring into action, call up, move to and fro; -- de, play (a

musical instrument); -- à, play (a game).

jouet, _m._ toy, plaything.

joueur, _m._ player gambler.

jouir, _v._ to enjoy (object is preceded by de).

jouissance, _f._ enjoyment, pleasure, delight.

joujou, _m._ toy, plaything.

jour, _m._ day, daylight, daytime, light, opening; à --,

open-work; au -- levant, at daylight; faire --, to be light;

ce n'est pas trop d'un --, a day is not too much.

journal, _m._ newspaper.

journée, _f._ day.

joyeusement, _adv._ joyfully, gaily.

joyeux, -euse, _adj._ joyous, merry, cheerful.

juge, _m._ judge.

juger, _v._ to judge, consider.

juif, -ive, _adj. and s._ Jewish, Jew, Jewess.

juin, _m._ June.

Julie, Julia.

Julien, Julian.

jument, _f._ mare.

jupe, _f._ skirt.

Jupiter, the father and master of the Greek and Roman gods; --

Olympien, Olympian Jupiter (famous statue by Phidias at Olympia,

called one of the seven marvels of the world).

jupon, _m._ petticoat.

jurement, _m._ oath.

jurer, _v._ to swear.

juron, _m._ oath.

jusque, _prep._ to, up to, as far as, until; jusqu'à, to, as

far as, up to, until, even; -- là, till there, till then;

jusqu'ici, till now; jusqu'à ce que, _conj._ until.

juste, _adj. and adv._ just, exact, exactly; au --, exactly.

justesse, _f._ accuracy, precision.

justice, _f._ justice, law, courts; homme de --, judge,

lawyer, man of law.

justicier, _m._ justiciary, judge.

K

kandjar, _m._ long Oriental dagger.

Karl, Charles (German).

Kasba, _f._ casbah (citadel and palace of a sovereign in the

Barbary States).

Kasper, Jasper (German).

kilomètre, _m._ kilometer (5/8 mile).

kiosque, _m._ kiosque (pavilion).

Kislar-agassi, _m._ the chief of the Eunuchs in the Imperial Harem

(_kîz_ = girl or woman, in Turkish; _lar_ is the plural suffix; _agâ_ =

chief; _si_ is the possessive pronoun of the third persan;

_kîzlar-agâsi_ = chief of the women).

kreutzer, _m._ kreutzer (German coin = 2/3 cent; pronounced in

French: _creutsair_).

L

l', used before on for euphony.

l', _see_ le, la (_art. or pr._).

la, _see_ le.

là, _adv_. there, here (frequent as affix or suffix, when so used

see word to which it is added); par --, that way, by there, over

that way.

lac, _m._ lake.

lâche, _adj._ cowardly.

lâcher, _v._ to loosen, let out, release, undo, let go.

lâcheté, _f._ cowardice, cowardly act.

laid, -e, _adj._ homely, ugly.

laine, _f._ wool; de --, woolen.

laïque, _adj. and s._ secular, layman; à la --, outside the

Church, among the laity.

laisse, _f._ leash.

laisser, _v._ to let, leave, let alone; -- -là, leave alone,

drop (an acquaintance, etc.); il ne laissait pas que de, he did not

fail to.

lait, _m._ milk; enfant de --, nursling.

laiteux, -euse, _adj._ milky.

lambeau, _m._ rag, shred; mettre en lambeaux, to tear in shreds.

lambris, _m._ wainscoting, paneling.

lame, _f._ strip, blade, wave.

lamentable, _adj._ lamentable, sorrowful.

lampe, _f._ lamp.

lance, _f._ lance; -- à feu, squib, slow-match.

lancer, _v._ to dart, throw, hurl, let go, send forth, cast, cast

or throw out, start; -- une casquette, introduce (or set the style

for) a cap.

lande, _f._ waste-land, heath.

langage, _m._ language.

lange, _m._ piece of cloth (usually for wrapping a new-born child);

strip (of cloth), swaddling-clothes (infrequent in singular).

langue, _f._ tongue, language.

langueur, _f._ languor.

lanière, _f._ thong.

lanterne, _f._ lantern.

lapin, _m._ rabbit.

laps, _m._ lapse, period (_ps_ pronounced).

laquais, _m._ lackey, footman.

lard, _m._ bacon.

large, _adj. and m._ broad, wide, sweeping, great, large, width,

breadth, open sea; ouvert tout au --, wide open.

larme, _f._ tear; rire aux larmes, to laugh till the tears came.

larve, _f._ larva.

las, -se, _adj._ weary, tired.

latakié, _m._ latakia (a fine Turkish tobacco).

latéral, -e, _adj._ lateral, side.

latin, -e, _adj. and s._ Latin.

laver, _v._ to wash.

le, la (l', before vowels; les, _pl.), def. art._ the; de la

sorte, in that way.

le, la (les, _pl._; lui, leur, indirect), _conj. pr._ him,

her, it, so, them, to him, to them, etc.

leçon, _f._ lesson.

lecture, _f._ reading.

légende, _f._ legend.

léger, -ère, _adj._ light (weight), slight, thin.

légèrement, _adv._ lightly, slightly.

légion, _f._ legion; Légion d'honeur, Legion of Honor (Order

established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802 to reward merit).

légitime, _adj._ legitimate.

légitimement, _adv._ legitimately.

léguer, _v._ to bequeath.

légume, _m._ vegetable.

lendemain, _m._ following day, next day.

lent, -e, _adj._ slow.

lentement, _adv._ slowly.

lenteur, _f._ slowness; avec des lenteurs, slowly, with

hesitation or deliberation.

lequel, laquelle (lesquels, lesquelles,_ pl.), rel. and int. pr._

which, who, which?, who?

les, _see_ le.

lessive, _f._ lye, washing; couler la --, to soak the clothes

in lye, begin to wash.

lestement, _adv._ quickly, lightly.

lettre, _f._ letter.

leur, _conj. pr._, see le; _adj._ their; le --,

theirs.

Levallois-Perret, manufacturing suburb northwest of Paris.

levée, _f._ raising, uprising, breaking up.

lever, _v._ to raise; se --, rise, arise, get up, break

(dawn); _m._ rise, rising; au jour levé (levant), at daybreak;

levé, -e, up; au soleil levant, at sunrise.

lèvre, _f._ lip; lèvres en fleur, full-blown lips (like a

rose).

liane, _f._ bind-weed.

liasse, _f._ bundle, roll.

liberté, _f._ liberty.

libraire, _m._ bookseller, stationer.

libre, _adj._ free, clear.

lien, _m._ bond.

lier, _v._ to bind, tie, tie up; lié, _m._ rubber (in games).

lieu, _m._ place, spot; avoir --, to take place, have reason;

au -- de, instead of; donner -- à, to cause.

lieue, _f._ league (2~1/2 miles).

lieutenant, _m._ lieutenant.

lièvre, _m._ hare.

ligne, _f._ line, fishing-line.

lilas, _m._ lilac, lilac-bush.

limpide, _adj._ limpid, clear.

linge, _m._ linen, cloth; pl. linen clothes; -- sale, dirty

linen or clothes; laver le --, to wash the clothes.

lion, _m._ lion.

liqueur, _f._ liquor, cordial.

liquide, _adj. and m._ liquid.

lire, _v._ to read.

lis, _m._ lily (s pronounced).

liséré, _m._ strip.

lisière, _f._ border, outskirts, selvage, list (cloth), string.

lit, _m._ bed.

litière, _f._ litter.

litre, _m._ liter (about 7/8 of a quart).

littéraire, _adj._ literary.

littéralement, _adv._ literally.

littérature, _f._ literature.

livide, _adj._ livid.

livre, _m._ book; grand --, great book, ledger.

livre, _f._ pound, franc.

livrer, _v._ to deliver, give over; se -- à, devote or apply

oneself to, give oneself over to; un combat se livra, a battle was

fought.

livret, _m._ little book (of identification, etc., used as a passport).

local, -e, _adj._ local.

locution, _f._ locution.

lofer, _v._ to luff (bring the head of a vessel to the wind).

loge, _f._ lodge, porter's room, box (theater).

loger, _v._ to lodge, star.

logique, _adj._ logical.

logis, _m._ bouse, dwelling, lodge, lodging-house, lodgings.

loi, _f._ law.

loin, _adv. and m._ far away, distant, distance; plus --,

farther; de --, afar, at or from a distance; de -- en --, from

place to place, from time to time.

lointain, -e, _adj. and m._ distant, far away, distance.

loisir, _m._ leisure.

long, -ue, _adj. and m._ long, length; le -- de, along; tout

de son --, de tout son --, his whole length; tout le -- de,

the whole; de -- en large, to and fro.

longanimité, _f._ longanimity, forbearance.

Longosardo, Sardinian village and port at the western entrance of

the Strait of Bonifacio.

longtemps, _adv._ long time, long, for a long time.

longuement, _adv._ for a long time, lengthily, lingeringly.

longueur, _f._ length.

loque, _f._ rag, tatter.

lorgner, _v._ to squint at, look out of the corner of the eye,

ogle, look through opera glasses.

lors, _adv._ then, that time; pour --, then, thereupon;

depuis --, since then.

lorsque, _conj._ when.

louable, _adj._ laudable, praiseworthy.

louage, _m._ letting, hiring, hire; de --, hired, livery, for

hire.

louer, _v._ to praise, rent; se --, praise one self, be

pleased (with).

louis, _m._ louis (gold piece=$4).

Louis XIV, known as Louis le Grand, most famous of the French

kings; reigned: 1643-1715.

Louis XV, King of France; reigned: 1715-1774.

loup, _m._ wolf; -- cervier, lynx, speculator, sharper

(especially one who speculates without principle on government

enterprises); -- de mer, sea-dog.

lourd, -e, _adj._ heavy, dull, drowsy, clumsy, burdensome.

lourdement, _adv._ heavily.

lourdeur, _f._ heaviness, weight.

louvoyer, _v._ to tack (of a ship).

loyal, -e, _adj._ loyal.

lucarne, _f._ dormer-window.

lubine, _f._ popular name for the fish called bar, umbrine (usually

written lubin or loubin).

Lucien, Lucian.

Ludwig = Louis (German).

lueur, _f._ gleam, light.

lugubre, _adj._ mournful, lugubrious.

lugubrement, _adv._ dolefully, lugubriously.

lui, _conj. pr., see_ le; _disj. pr._ him, it, he, on his part,

himself, itself.

lui-même, elle-même (eux-mêmes, elles-mêmes, _pl.), pr._ himself,

herself, itself, etc.

luire, _v._ to shine.

lumière, _f._ light; il faut que la -- se fasse, it must be

cleared up.

lumineux, -euse, _adj._ luminous.

lundi, _m._ Monday.

lune, _f._ moon, moonlight.

lunette, _f._ telescope; _pl._ spectacles.

Lunéville, town in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle.

luthier, _m._ lute-maker, seller of musical instruments.

lutte, _f._ struggle, wrestling.

luxe, _m._ luxury.

lys, _m._ lily (s pronounced; now written lis).

M

M., abbreviation for Monsieur; m', _see_ me.

ma, _see_ mon.

mâcher, _v._ to chew.

machinal, -e, _adj._ mechanical.

machinalement, _adv._ mechanically.

mâchoire, _f._ jaw.

mâchonner, _v._ to munch, chew.

maçonner, _v._ to build, wall up; voûte maçonnée, vaulted

masonry.

madame (mesdames, _pl.), f._ Mrs., Madam.

Madeleine (la), _f._ one of the principal and richest churches in

Paris, having the form of a Greek temple, built between 1764 and 1842.

mademoiselle, _f._ Miss, young lady.

madrigal, _m._ madrigal (love poem).

maëstro, _m._ composer (Italian, = master).

magasin, _m._ warehouse, store, shop, storehouse.

mage, _m._ magian, astrologer; _pl._ magi, Wise Men (Bible).

magicien, _m._ magician, wizard.

magique, _adj._ magic.

magistrat, _m._ magistrate.

magistrature, _f._ magistracy; -- assise, judicial magistracy.

magnanime, _adj._ magnanimous, high-minded.

magnétique, _adj._ magnetic.

magnétiser, _v._ to magnetize.

magnificence, _f._ magnificence, splendor.

magnifique, _adj._ magnificent.

Mahnoud-Ben-Ahmed, Mahmud-Ben-Ahmed (the first and last names have

been borne by several Sultans of Turkey; Ben is the Hebrew word for son,

it is not Arahic).

Mahomet, Mohammed (founder of the Mohammedan religion, born in Mecca

c. 571, died in 632).

mai, _m._ May.

maigre, _adj. and s._ thin, scanty, meager, thin person.

maigreur, _f._ thinness.

maigrir, _v._ to grow thin.

maille, _f._ mesh, aperture.

main, _f._ hand; mettre la -- sur, to lay hold of.

maint, -e, _adj._ many, many a.

maintenant, _adv._ now.

maintenir, _v._ to maintain, keep, hold.

maire, _m._ mayor.

mais, _conj._ but; -- si, why yes; -- non, why no, no

indeed, no I tell you.

maison, _f._ house, household; -- de ville, town-hall.

maître, _m._ master, teacher, Squire or Mr. (title); --

d'hôtel, head-waiter, butler.

maîtresse, _f._ mistress, sweetheart.

majesté, _f._ majesty.

majestueusement, _adv._ majestically.

majestueux, -euse, _adj._ majestic.

major, _m._ major.

majuscule, _adj. and f._ capital.

mal, -e, _adj._ (used only in a few phrases), bad, evil; male rage

(also written as one word), rage, fury.

mal, _adv. and m._ evil, wrong, ill, in a bad way, sore, badly,

poorly, indistinctly, harm, trouble, damage, malady; faire -- à, to

hurt; -- noir, gangrene; (familiarly used as _adj._) bad, ill;

faire -- à la tête, to give a headache.

malade, _adj. and s._ ill, sick, sick man, patient.

maladie, _f._ malady, illness.

maladif, ~ive, _adj._ sickly, unhealthy.

mâle, _adj. and m._ male, man.

Malesherbes (Boulevard), handsome street in the north-western

section of Paris, named after the minister of Louis XVI, who was

beheaded in the French Revolution (h not pronounced).

malgré, _prep._ in spite of.

malheur, _m._ misfortune, accident, bad luck, unhappiness.

malheureusement, _adv._ unfortunately.

malheureux, -euse, _adj. and s._ unhappy, wretched, unfortunate,

unlucky, wretch, unfortunate person.

malicieux, -euse, _adj._ mischievous, roguish, malicious.

malin, -igne, _adj. and s._ cunning, sly, shrewd, cunning person,

rogue.

Maloisel, proper name; _oisel_ in Old French = oiseau.

Maloison, proper name, _cf._ oison, _m._ gosling.

malpropre, _adj._ dirty, unclean.

maltraiter, _v._ to maltreat, use roughly.

maman, _f._ mama.

mamelle, _f._ breast, teat, udder.

manche, _f._ sleeve; la Manche, the English Channel; _m._

handle.

manchot, -e, _adj. and s._ one-armed, one-armed person.

manège, _m._ horsemanship, riding-school, riding-grounds.

mangeaille, _f._ victuals.

manger, _v._ to eat, eat up; apporter à --, bring something to

eat.

mangeur, _m._ eater.

manie, _f._ mania, fancy.

maniement, _m._ handling.

manière, _f._ manner; _pl._ manners.

manivelle, _f._ crank, handle.

manifester, _v._ to manifest, make known, show.

manne, _f._ manna, hamper.

mannequin, _m._ manikin, dummy, man of straw.

manoeuvrer, _v._ to manoeuver, perform evolutions, drill, move.

manque, _m._ lack, want.

manquer, _v._ to be lacking, be missing, lack, miss, come near,

fail; il n'y manquait pas, he did not fail to do it.

mansarde, _f._ attic, garret, garret-window, Mansard window or roof.

manteau, _m._ mantle, cloak.

maquignon, _m._ horse dealer, jockey.

maquis, _m._ thicket (in Corsica).

marais, _m._ marsh, swamp.

Marais, _m._ quarter in Paris, north of the Hôtel de Ville,

more usually called the Temple.

maraudeur, _m._ marauder.

marbre, _m._ marble.

marchand, -e, _m., f._ merchant, peddler.

marchandise, _f._ (also _pl._) merchandise, wares, goods.

marche, _f._ march, walk, walking, pace, gait, step, progress,

move, moving, motion; marches perdues, superfluous steps (that lead

to nothing).

marché, _m._ market, market-place, bargain, bargaining; à bon

--, cheap, cheaply; par-dessus le --, into the bargain.

marcher, _v._ to march, go on, walk, go, proceed.

mardi, _m._ Tuesday.

mare, _f._ pool.

marécage, _m._ marsh, bog, swamp.

maréchal, _m._ marshal, blacksmith.

mari, _m._ husband.

mariage, _m._ marriage.

Marie, Mary.

marier, _v._ to marry, marry off, blend; se --, get married;

se -- avec, marry; marié avec, married to; marié, _m._

bridegroom.

Marignan, Melegnano (Italian town near Milan, where the French

defeated the Swiss in 1515).

marin, -e, _adj. and m._ marine, of the sea, sailor.

marine, _f._ marine, navy, shipping; officier de --, naval

officer.

maritime, _adj._ maritime.

marmaille, _f._ brats.

marmite, _f._ pot.

marmot, _m._ brat, little boy.

marmotter, _v._ to mutter, mumble.

marque, _f._ mark, track, token.

marquer, _v._ to mark, show, indicate.

marquis, -e, _m., f._ marquis, marchioness.

marron, _m._ large chestnut.

Marseille, Marseilles (principal seaport and second city in France).

marteau, _m._ hammer.

martial, -e, _adj._ martial (_t_ pronounced as _c_).

Martin, Martin (often applied to a simple person).

massacre, _m._ massacre.

massacrer, _v._ to massacre, slay;

massacrant, ~e, _adj._ murderous.

massif, -ive, _adj._ massive, solid.

mat, -e, _adj._ dull, dim, frosted.

mât, _m._ mast.

matelas, _m._ mattress.

matelot, _m._ sailor, seaman.

matériel, -le, _adj._ material, concrete.

maternel, -le, _adj._ maternal, on the mother's side.

matière, _f._ matter; en -- de, in regard to.

matin, _m._ morning, dawn.

mâtin, _m._ mastiff, cur, rascal.

matinal, -e, _adj._ morning, early, in the morning.

matinée, _f._ morning.

maudire, _v._ to curse; maudit, -e, cursed.

maujeure, _f._ a dialectic word used in Toine in the sense of: fever.

mauresque, _adj._ Moorish.

maussade, _adj._ cross, sour, ill-humored, sulky.

mauvais, -e, _adj. and s._ bad, wretched, evil, mean, dirty,

ill (humor), poor.

me, _conj. pr._ me, to me.

-me, abbreviation of numerals; 2me, 3me, 4me, etc. (for

deuxième, etc.).

mécanique, _adj._ mechanical.

méchanceté, _f._ malice, ill will.

méchant, -e, _adj._ naughty, mean, mischievous, bad, malicious,

wicked, wretched.

mécontent, -e, _adj._ dissatisfied.

Mecque (la), Mecca (holy city of the Mohammedans, in Arabia).

médaille, _f._ medal.

médecin, _m._ doctor, physician.

médiocre, _adj._ mediocre, only moderate.

méditatif, -ive, _adj._ meditative, thoughtful.

méditation, _f._ meditation.

méditer, _v._ to meditate, think over.

Méditerranée, _f._ Mediterranean Sea.

méfiance, _f._ distrust.

meilleur, -e, _adj._ better; le --, best.

mélancolie, _f._ melancholy, melancholia.

mélancolique, _adj._ melancholy.

mêlée, _f._ scuffle, fight.

mêler, _v._ to mingle, mix, confuse; se -- de, meddle with,

mind; se -- à (avec), mingle with, take part in.

mélodie, _f._ melody.

mélodieux, -euse, _adj._ melodious.

membraneux, -euse, _adj._ membranous.

membre, _m._ member, limb.

même, _adj. and adv._ same, self, very, even; de --, in the

same way, at the same time.

mémoire, _f._ memory.

mémorable, _adj._ memorable.

menacer, _v._ to menace, threaten.

ménage, _m._ housekeeping, household; faire son petit --, to

have one's own sweet will.

ménager, -ère, _m., f._ thrifty persan, housekeeper.

mendiant, -e, _m., f._ beggar.

mendicité, _f._ mendicity; être à la --, to be reduced to

beggary.

mener, _v._ to lead, bring, take, drive.

ménétrier, _m._ fiddler.

menottes, _f. pl._ handcuffs.

mensonge, _m._ lie.

mentir, _v._ to lie.

menton, _m._ chin.

menu, -e, _adj. and m._ thin, small, trifling, light, bill of fare.

menuet, _m._ minuet.

menuisier, _m._ cabinet-maker, joiner.

mépris, _m._ contempt, scorn.

méprisable, _adj._ contemptible.

mépriser, _v._ to despise.

mer, _f._ sea, tide.

mercenaire, _adj. and s._ mercenary, hireling.

merci, _f._ mercy, thanks, thank you (masculine with grand);

Dieu --, thank God.

mercier, _m._ mercer, haberdasher.

mercredi, _m._ Wednesday.

mère, _f._ mother.

meringue, _f._ meringue, light pastry with whipped cream.

mérite, _m._ merit, worth.

mériter, _v._ to merit, deserve.

méritoire, _adj._ meritorious.

merle, _m._ blackbird.

Mérope, a tragedy by Voltaire (1743).

merveilleusement, _adv._ marvelously, wonderfully.

merveilleux, -euse, _adj._ wonderful, marvelous.

mes, _see_ mon.

mesdames, _see_ madame.

messe, _f._ mass.

mesure, _f._ measure, proportion; à --, in proportion or

succession as (another action takes place); en --, in time, in

proportion; à -- que, in proportion as.

mesurer, _v._ to measure.

métamorphose, _f._ metamorphosis.

méticuleux, -euse, _adj._ over-scrupulous, fastidious.

métier, _m._ trade, loom.

mètre, _m._ meter (39 inches).

mette, _f._ metal (Old French).

mettre, _v._ to put, place, put on, set, put in place, take (time);

se -- à, begin, set out in; se -- en route, start; se -- en

mouvement, begin to move; se -- à table, seat oneself at table;

se -- en colère, get angry; se -- en marche, set out on the

march; se -- au jeu, get in the game; se -- en bataille, form

for battle; se -- dans tous ses atours, attire oneself in all one's

finery; -- dans, put in, hit; -- bas, take off; -- pied à

terre, dismount; -- en pièces, tear or dash to pieces; -- à la

porte, put out of doors; -- la police en l'air, stir up the

police; -- le feu, set fire; -- en fuite, set to flight.

meuble, _m._ piece of furniture, furniture, _pl._ furniture.

meubler, _v._ to furnish.

meunier, _m._ miller;

meurtre, _m._ murder.

meurtrier, _m._ murderer.

meurtrir, _v._ to bruise; avoir le coeur meurtri, to be sick

at heart.

meute, _f._ pack (of hounds, etc.).

mi, _adv. and adj._ (invariable), equally; à -- -chemin, half

way.

Michel, Michael.

midi, _m._ midday, noon, twelve o'ciock, south; Midi, _m._

South of France; les pleins midis, the midday heat.

miel, _m._ honey.

mien, -ne, _poss. adj. pr._ (usually with article), mine.

miette, _f._ crumb.

mieux, _adv._ better, more, more comfortable; tant --, so much

the better; de son --, the best he can, etc.; le --, best;

regardez --, look more closely.

mignon, -ne, _adj._ and s. darling, dainty, cunning, dear little.

migraine, _f._ sick-headache.

milice, _f._ militia.

milieu, _m._ middle, midst, middle ground, surroundings.

militaire, _adj. and m._ military, soldier.

mille, _card._ one thousand; -- et deuxième, _ord._ thousand

and second (in this and in the next two words _ll_ is not liquid).

millier, _m._ about one thousand, thousand.

million, _m._ million.

Milon, Milo.

minaret, _m._ minaret.

minauder, _v._ to simper, mince, smirk.

minauderie, _f._ smirking, simpering.

mince, _adj._ thin, slender, narrow.

mine, _f._ look, appearance.

mine, _f._ mine.

minerai, _m._ ore.

ministère, _m._ department (of a cabinet minister), building for

the administration offices, ministry, cabinet.

ministre, _m._ minister; adjectively: ministerial.

minuit, _m._ midnight.

minute, _f._ minute; de cinq minutes en cinq minutes, every

five minutes.

minutieux, -euse, _adj._ minute, searching (_t_ pronounced as _c_).

mioche, _m., f._ brat, youngster.

miracle, _m._ miracle.

mirage, _m._ mirage.

miroir, _m._ mirror.

miroiter, _v._ to glitter, shine, reflect light.

Miromesnil (rue de), Parisian street crossing the Boulevard

Malesherbes (pronounced: _Miroménil_).

misérable, _adj. and s._ miserable, wretched, wretch.

misère, _f._ misery, destitution, hardship.

miséricorde, _f._ mercy.

Moallakats, a collection of seven Arabic poems of different authors

in the 6th and 7th centuries (also written Moallakât).

mobile, _adj._ movable, mobile, unsteady, variable, in motion, restless.

mode, _f._ manner, style, fashion; marchande de modes,

milliner; à la --, in style.

modèle, _m._ model.

modération, _f._ moderation.

modéré, -e, _adj._ moderate.

moderne, _adj._ modern.

modeste, _adj._ modest.

modestement, _adv._ modestly.

modestie, _f._ modesty.

modifier, _v._ to modify.

moelle, _f._ marrow (in this and in the next word _oe_ is

pronounced as _oi_ in moi).

moelleux, -euse, _adj._ soft.

moeurs, _f. pl._ manners, habits, customs (_s_ pronounced).

moi, _conj. and disj. pr._ me, to me, I, myself.

moignon, _m._ stump (of an arm, etc.).

moi-même, _pr._ myself, I myself.

moindre, _adj._ less; le --, least, the slightest.

moins, _adv._ less, the less; le --, least; au --, at

least; du --, at least; à -- que or de, unless; pour le

--, at the least.

mois, _m._ month.

moisissure, _f._ mold.

moisson, _f._ harvest.

moite, _adj._ moist, damp.

moitié, _f._ half; à --, half.

moleskine, _f._ moleskin (corduroy, etc.; sometimes applied to

imitation leather).

mollesse, _f._ softness, laxness, enervation.

molleton,_ m._ swanskin (soft woollen stuff).

molosse, _m._ mastiff.

môme, _m., f._ youngster, "kldquo;kid" (familiar).

moment, _m._ moment.

momie, _f._ mummy.

mon, ma (mes, _pl.), poss. adj. pr._ my.

monarchie, _f._ monarchy.

Monceau (le parc), an attractive park in the northwestern section

of Paris.

monde, _m._ world, people, society; tout le --, everybody.

monnaie, _f._ change, coin.

monocle, _m._ monocle.

monotone, _adj._ monotonous.

monsieur (messieurs, _pl.), m._ mister, sir, gentleman, the

gentleman; abbreviated: M., Mr.; -- son père, his father

(pronounced: _mesieu_).

monstre, _m. and adj._ monster, monstrous.

monstrueux, ~euse, _adj._ monstrous.

mont, _m._ mount.

montagne, _f._ mountain.

monter, _v._ to mount, go up, ascend, come up, get in.

Montivilliers, small Norman town between le Havre and Fécamp (_ll_

not liquid).

montre, _f._ watch, exhibition, show-window.

montrer, _v._ to show, indicate, point out; se --, show

oneself, appear.

montueux, -euse, _adj._ hilly.

monture, _f._ mount, horse (for riding).

monumental, -e, _adj._ monumental.

moquer, _v._ to mock; se -- de, make fun of, care nothing

about; s'en -- pas mal, not care a rap about it.

moral, -e, _adj._ moral, mental; faire de la morale à, to

preach to, exhort.

morceau, _m._ morsel, bit, piece.

mordieu, _interj._ by heaven!, etc.

mordre, _v._ to bite.

morgue, _f._ pride, arrogance.

morne, _adj._ gloomy, mournful, sad.

mornifle, _f._ slap on the jaws.

morsure, _f._ bite.

mort, _f._ death; -- -qui-trompe, deceptive death, death in

ambush.

mortel, -le, _adj. and s._ mortal.

mortifier, _v._ to mortify.

morue, _f._ codfish.

mosaique, _f._ mosaic.

Moscou, Moscow.

mosquée, _f._ mosque.

mot, _m._ word; un bon --, a witty remark.

motif, _m._ motive.

motte, _f._ clod, lump.

mou, molle, _adj._ soft, nerveless, flabby.

mouche, _f._ fly; faire --, to hit the bull's-eye; -- à

vapeur, small steamboat used on French rivers.

moucheron, _m._ gnat, "kldquo;kid" (slang in the latter sense).

moucheter, _v._ to spot, speckle.

mouchoir, _m._ handkerchief.

moufle, _f._ mitten.

mouiller, _v._ to wet, bathe, cast (anchor); se --, become

wet.

mouillure, _f._ wetness, wetting, dampness.

moulin, _m._ mill.

mourir, _v._ to die; se --, be dying; faire --, make die,

kill, execute; -- pour --, as well die one time as another; mort

-e, _adj. and s._ dead, spent (bullet), dead man, etc.

mousquet, _m._ musket.

mousqueterie, _f._ musketry.

mousse, _f._ moss, foam.

mousse, _m._ cabin-boy.

mousseline, _f._ muslin.

mousseux, -euse, _adj._ foamy, frothy.

moustache, _f._ mustache.

moutard, _m._ urchin, brat.

mouton, _m._ sheep, mutton.

mouvement, _m._ movement, motion, impulse.

mouvoir, _v._ to move; mouvant, -e, adj. moving, busy.

moyen, -ne, _adj. and m._ average, mean, medium, middle, means,

resource, way; au -- de, by means of.

moyenâgeux, -euse, _adj._ medieval.

Mozart, (Wolfgang Amadeus), noted German composer of _Marriage of

Figaro, Don Giovanni, Requiem_; etc., (1756-1791).

muet, -te, _adj. and s._ mute, silent.

muezzin, _m._ muezzin (Mohammedan priest who announces from the

minaret the hour for prayer).

mule, _f._ mule.

mulon, _m._ great heap of salt.

Munster, Münster (small Alsatian town).

mur, _m._ wall.

mûr, -e, _adj._ ripe, mature.

muraille, _f._ wall, rampart.

murer, _v._ to wall up.

mûrir, _v._ to ripen, mature, develop.

murmure, _m._ murmur, murmuring.

murmurer, _v._ to murmur.

mutualité, _f._ mutuality.

muscle, _m._ muscle.

muse, _f._ muse.

musicien, _m._ musician.

musique, _f._ music; faire de la --, to play.

mystère, _m._ mystery.

mystérieux, -euse, _adj._ mysterious.

mystification, _f._ mystification, hoax.

mythologique, _adj._ mythological.

N

n', _see_ ne.

nabab, _m._ nabob.

nacre, _f._ mother-of-pearl.

nager, _v._ to swim.

naguère, _adv._ lately, but now, not long ago.

naissance, _f._ birth.

naitre, to be born; né, -e, born.

naïvement, _adv._ ingenuously, artlessly.

Nantes, important city on the lower Loire.

Napoléon III, French Emperor

from 1852 to 1870.

nappe, _f._ tablecloth, sheet (of water, light, etc.).

narguer, _v._ to defy, snap one's fingers at.

narguilhé, _m._ narghile (Oriental water pipe for smoking; usually

written narguilé).

narine, _f._ nostril.

natal, -e, _adj._ natal, native.

natif, -ive, _adj. and s_. native.

national, -e, _adj._ national.

nature, _f._ nature, kind.

naturel, -le, _adj. and m._ natural, disposition, nature,

naturalness.

naturellement, _adv._ naturally.

naviguer, _v._ to sail.

navire, _m._ ship, vessel.

navrer, _v._ to break the heart of; navrant, -e, heartrending,

distressing; navré, -e, heart-broken; le coeur navré,

heart-broken.

ne, _adv._ (usually with pas, point, etc.), not

(frequently pleonastic).

néanmoins, _adv._ nevertheless, notwithstanding.

nébuieux, -euse, _adj._ nebulous, glooiny, disturbing.

nécessaire, _adj._ necessary.

nécessité, _f._ necessity.

nécropole, _f._ necropolis (catacombs).

négliger, _v._ to neglect, slight.

négociant, _m._ merchant, trader.

nègre, _adj. and m._ negro.

neige, _f._ snow; eau de --, melted snow, water chilled with

snow.

nerf, _m._ nerve, sinew (_f_ pronounced).

nerveux, -euse, _adj._ nervous.

Nesmond, noble French family prominent in the 17th and 18th centuries.

net, -te, _adj._ neat, clear, short; couper --, to cut short

or squarely off (_t_ pronounced).

nettement, _adv._ clearly, plainly.

netteté, _f._ neatness, clearness, distinctness.

nettoyer, _v._ to clean, clean out.

neuf, _card._ nine.

neuf, neuve, new; de --, freshly.

neveu, _m._ nephew; petit --, great nephew.

Newton (Sir Isaac), the famous English mathematician, physicist,

astronomer and philosopher, especially noted for his discovery of the

laws of gravitation and for his work on light (1642-1727).

nez, _m._ nose; devant le --, before the face; fermer sur le

--, to shut in the face (pronounced: _né_).

ni, _conj._ nor; -- ... --, neither ... nor.

niaiserie, _f._ nonsense.

niche, _f._ niche, recess, kennel.

Nicolas, Nicholas.

nid, _m._ nest.

nièce, _f._ niece.

Nil (le), _m._ the Nile.

Nîmes, city in the department of Gard.

noble, _adj. and s._ noble.

noblesse, _f._ nobility.

noce, _f._ wedding; _pl._ wedding.

Noël, _m._ Christmas; la --, the Christmas festival; le petit

--, Santa Claus.

noir, -e, _adj. and m._ black; le Noir, gangrene; voir tout

en --, to look on the dark side of everything.

noircir, _v._ to blacken.

noircisseur, _m._ dyer in black, scribbler.

noix, _f._ nut, Middle part, pope's eye (of meat).

nom, _m._ name; -- de --, euphemistic oath.

nombre, _m._ number; -- de, a number of.

nombreux, -euse, _adj._ numerous.

nommer, _v._ to name; nommé, -e, _adj. and s._ named, one

called.

non, adv. no, not; -- pas, not, not at all.

non bis in idem, not twice in the same place (Latin).

nonchalamment, _adv._ nonchalantly, carelessly, heedlessly.

nonchalant, -e, _adj._ listless, unmindful, nonchalant.

non-seulement, _adv._ not only.

nopal, _m._ nopal (cactus).

nord, _m._ north; -- est, north-east (_d_ is not pronounced in

nord, but is pronounced in nord-est).

normal, -e, _adj._ normal, natural.

normand, -e, _adj. and s._ Norman (written Normand when _s._).

Normandie, _f._ Normandy (former French province on the English Channel).

nos, _see_ notre.

notable, _adj._ notable.

notaire, _m._ notary.

notamment, _adv._ especially, particularly.

note, _f._ note, bill.

notion, _f._ notion, idea.

notre (nos, _pl.), poss. adj. pr._ our.

nôtre, _poss. adj. pr._ ours (usually with article).

nouer, _v._ to knot, tie, tie up.

noueux, -euse, _adj._ knotty, knotted.

Nourmahal, popular Oriental name because of the wife of a Mogul

emperor, who bore this name in the 17th century.

nourrice, _f._ wet-nurse.

nourrir, _v._ to nourish, nurse, support, feed.

nourriture, _f._ food.

nous, _conj. and disj. pr._ we, us, to us.

nous-mêmes, _pr._ we ourselves, ourselves.

nouveau, (nouvel before vowels), -elle, _adj._ new, other; de

--, anew, again; nouvelle(s), f. news, piece of news, story

(longer than the conte and shorter than the roman); de vos

nouvelles, news of you; ---né, new-born child, etc.; avoir des

nouvelles de, to hear from.

nouvellement, _adv._ newly, recently.

Novare, Novara (city of northern Italy).

novembre, _m._ November.

noyau, _m._ stone (of fruit).

noyer, _v._ to drown, swamp.

nu, -e, _adj._ naked, bare; à --, bare, exposed, openly;

-- pieds, barefooted.

nuage, _m._ cloud.

nuageux, -euse, _adj._ cloudy, somber.

nuance, _f._ tint, shade.

nudité, _f._ nudity, nakedness, bareness.

nuée, _f._ thick cloud.

nuire, _v._ to injure, be harmful.

nuit, _f._ night; la --, the night, at night.

nul, -le, _adj. and pr._ no, no one.

nullement, _adv._ in no wise, by no means.

numéro, _m._ number.

nuptial, -e, _adj._ nuptial, marriage (_t_ pronounced as _c_).

nuque, _f._ nape (of the neck).

O