“GENTLEMEN,—Be pleased to accept my best thanks for the address
you have so unexpectedly presented, and be assured that I do
most highly value it on account of the expressions it contains
of your entire satisfaction with the manner in which I have
presided over the Insolvent Debtor’s Court for the last eight
years. Where I have always been treated with marked
consideration by yourselves, gentlemen, I could not do otherwise
than reciprocate the courtesies to which you kindly refer.
(Signed),
“CHARLES YOUNG.”
While Judge Young was practising at the bar, he had a large and
lucrative business, and was generally engaged on one side or the other
in most of the leading cases then before the courts. He was invariably
retained on behalf of those he was pleased to style the “Bleeding
tenantry of Prince Edward Island” against the landlords, and generally
succeeded in gaining a verdict in favour of his clients. He was always
the friend and advocate of the oppressed. It is pleasing to note here
that Judge Young has held no position which he has not adorned. In
office and out of office he has rendered great service to the community.
In 1838, a Mechanics’ Institute was established in Charlottetown, mainly
through his efforts, and he had the honour of delivering the
introductory lecture, which was afterwards published in the _Gazette_.
He has since 1845 taken a very deep interest in the cause of temperance,
and was Grand Worthy Patriarch of the Sons of Temperance of Prince
Edward Island several terms, and is a member of the National Division of
the Sons of Temperance of North America. He is also an active member of
the Methodist church, a local preacher, and a Bible-class teacher, and
fills several other important offices in that church. He was
instrumental in founding the second Methodist church in Charlottetown,
and is president of Prince Edward Island Auxiliary Bible Society. The
Judge is a thorough working Christian. The degree of LL.D. was conferred
upon him by the Newton (United States) University; and in 1858 he was
offered the honour of knighthood by Her Majesty, but respectfully
declined the royal gift. In Masonry he takes an interest, and belongs to
the Royal Arch Chapter. In 1838 Judge Young married Lucretia, daughter
of John Starr, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and he and his wife, there being
no children, enjoy life in their beautiful home, “Fairholm,”
Charlottetown.
* * * * *
=Ussher, The Right Rev. Brandram Boileau,= M.D., Montreal, Bishop of the
Reformed Episcopal church in the Dominion of Canada and the Island of
Newfoundland, was born in the city of Dublin, Ireland, on the 6th day of
August, 1845. He is the youngest son of Captain Richard Beverly Ussher,
late of H. M. 86th Regt., and Henrietta Ussher (_née_ Boileau). On both
sides of the house his ancestors were most distinguished. Captain R. B.
Ussher was descended from Richard Neville, the great Earl of Warwick,
one of whose descendants (for political reasons took the name of the
office which he bore, viz., Usher of the Black Rod, thus retaining his
influential and lucrative position when the name of Neville had become
unpopular and the “Kingmaker’s” influence had waned,) subsequently
settled in Ireland. To distinguish the family name from the office, the
second letter, s, was added some eighty years ago. The subject of this
sketch is descended from a long line of churchmen. His great-grandfather
was rector of the parish of Clontarf, near Dublin, which was held in the
family from father to son for over one hundred and fifty years. The Rev.
John Ussher, afterwards Astronomer Royal for Ireland, was the last of
the family to hold the incumbency. His sons were Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas
Ussher, K.C.A., who figured in the history of the great Napoleon, taking
him to Elba in H.M.S. _Undaunted_. He died Naval Commander-in-Chief, at
Cork, Ireland, and lies buried in one of the vaults of Monkstown church,
County Dublin—his record was that of a gallant sailor. John Ussher, of
Woodpark, who left four sons, the youngest of whom, Richard Beverly, was
the father of Bishop Ussher, of Montreal. He is directly descended from
Archbishop Henry Ussher, one of the founders of Trinity College, Dublin,
whose brother Arland was the father of James Ussher (Trinity’s first
student, buried in Henry VII. Chapel in Westminster Abbey), the
celebrated Primate of Ireland, author of “Ussher’s Chronology,” etc.,
with whom the Duke of Wellington was also connected, owing to the fact
that Mary Ussher married Henry Colley, of Castle Carberry, who was the
mother of the first Lord Mornington, who was the grandfather of the Duke
of Wellington. The Venerable Archdeacon Adam Ussher, rector of Clontarf,
was the brother of the above named Mary Ussher and son of Sir William
Ussher, clerk of the Council. The Rectory of Clontarf descended to his
son Frederick, and from him to his son Henry Ussher, D.D., who held the
Andrew’s Professorship of Astronomy in Trinity College, Dublin, and from
him is directly descended Captain R. B. Ussher, the father of the Right
Rev. Bishop Ussher. Three hundred years ago two brothers of the name of
Ussher were driven from Ireland during one of the troubles, and settled
in the neighbourhood of Melrose, in Scotland, where they acquired
considerable lands, and amongst them the property of Huntley-burn, one
of the most celebrated spots on the Borders. The grandfather of the
present Thomas Ussher, of Edinburgh, for seventeen years secretary of
the Borders’ County Association for the Advancement of Education (and
out of which arose the celebration of the centenary of Sir Walter
Scott), sold to Sir Walter Scott the chief part of the estate of
Abbotsford (_vide_ “Lockhart’s Life of Scott”). By unbroken tradition
this branch claims kinship with Archbishop Ussher; and the Rev. W.
Neville Ussher, cousin of the above named Thomas Ussher, is a canon of
the Cathedral in Edinburgh. The Ussher family have had the honour of
having four distinguished church dignitaries; two Archbishops of Armagh;
one Bishop of Kildare (Robert Ussher); and Bishop B. B. Ussher, of
Montreal, who has at present five surviving brothers and two sisters as
follow:—Major-General John Theophilus Ussher, Beverly Ussher, Henry
Ussher, M.B., Rev. P. R. C. Ussher, a prominent minister in Australia;
and James Ussher, solicitor; Henrietta Buchanan and Arabella Madelina
Buchanan. On his mother’s side Bishop Ussher has an equally
distinguished ancestry, the Boileau family being one of the few that can
trace their genealogy back without a break for a period of over six
hundred years. The present Baron Boileau de Castleneau is the
seventeenth in descent from Etienne Boileau, who, born early in the
thirteenth century, was appointed by Louis IX., in the year 1255, Grand
Provost of Paris, at that period the highest officer of state. In 1371,
Jean Boileau was ennobled by Charles V. At the revocation of the Edict
of Nantes, A.D. 1685, Jacques Boileau, the 10th baron, was arrested as a
Protestant, tortured, and, after an imprisonment of ten and one-half
years, died in the prison of St. Jean de Vedas, one mile from
Montpellier, a noble martyr for the Protestant faith, having been
beheaded by order of the Duke de Nemours. His son, Charles Boileau, then
a youth, having taken refuge in England and having entered the British
Army, firm to his Protestant faith, formally renounced his rights and
titles to the honours and estates of the family which thereby devolved
on his younger brother Maurice, who became the eleventh Baron Boileau.
From that time the barony fell into the hands of the junior and Roman
Catholic branch of the family of which the present Baron Boileau de
Castleneau is now the representative. He holds, too, the ancient château
de Castleneau, six miles from Nimes, which has been for three and a half
centuries in the family to which it gives the present title of the
barony. Five of the Barons de Castleneau held in succession the office
of Royal Treasurer. Charles Boileau died in 1733, leaving three children
who had issue, whose grandchildren and more remote issue are now living
to the number of six hundred and fifty. The Right Rev. Bishop Ussher,
when a child, was sent from under the jurisdiction of a governess at a
very early age. At Delgany College, in the county Wicklow, the Rev. Dr.
Daniel Flyns, of Harcourt street, Dublin, and the Rugby of Ireland, the
Rev. Dr. Stackpools, of Kingstown, he received his education as a youth.
As a lad he was older than his years and sought the company of those
much his seniors, showing a decided _penchant_ for those given to study.
Thrown chiefly amongst medical students he followed the course of study
so closely with one companion, that he was almost as well fitted as he
to pass the examinations. At a little over sixteen years he secured the
diploma of the Royal Dublin Society, taking sixth place out of
seventy-three candidates. Owing to heavy financial losses, through the
dishonesty of associates, the father of young Ussher was unable to
permit him to continue his studies and the determination was formed to
visit the United States. The resolve was put into execution, and, in the
city of New York, mercantile life was entered upon; successful, though
not in harmony with it, it was abandoned after a year, and a visit
undertaken to Washington, where several of the United States’ army
hospitals were visited; the old medical love rekindled and much
practical knowledge gained in the treatment of surgical diseases and
gun-shot wounds. The resolve was then formed to adopt medicine as a
profession, and after pursuing his medical studies in the University of
Michigan, he finally received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in
Illinois, became a member of the State Medical Association, and was
ultimately elected a member of the National Eclectic Medical
Association. As a practitioner he was most successful, and as a citizen
highly esteemed in the city of Aurora, Illinois, where he practised for
over ten years. He was vigorously identified with the welfare of the
community, and at one time it seemed that he would enter into political
life, being offered the nomination by the Democratic party as a
candidate for the legislature. Politics, however, were too impure to
have any permanent attraction for him, and he devoted himself to his
professional duties and the interests of the Anglican Church, of which
he was a member. Set thinking by a sermon preached by the well-known
evangelist, Mr. Moody, the instructions of pious parents were revived,
and earnest Christian work entered upon with marked evidence of the
divine favour. Under the license of the Right Rev. Dr. Whitehouse, then
bishop of Illinois, he kept alive several mission fields and taught a
large Bible-class with great acceptability. It was then pressed upon him
that he should enter the ministry of the Anglican Church in the Diocese
of Illinois. Steadily the conviction of the need of entire consecration
to God’s service deepened; it was fought back, but the urging of Bishop
Whitehouse was strong, and as there was then little evidence of the
sacerdotalism that subsequently manifested itself, the course of study
was entered upon under the bishop’s direction. In time it became
apparent that the bishop of Illinois held strong High Church views. He
was a guest in Dr. Ussher’s house on the evening of the day of the
publication of Bishop Tozer’s letter condemning Bishop Cummins of
Kentucky, for partaking of and administering the communion of the Lord’s
Supper with Dr. John Hall, Drs. Arnot and Dorner, of the Presbyterian
church, and reading it with a sense of indignation, he (Dr. Ussher)
asked Bishop Whitehouse what he thought of such a letter, to which
Bishop Whitehouse replied in cold, severe tones, “I think Bishop Tozer
is perfectly right, and Bishop Cummins deserves the severest
condemnation.” Those words decided the mind of Dr. Ussher, and realizing
that as an Evangelical Protestant Churchman, he would be out of sympathy
with Bishop Whitehouse, he determined to abandon the idea of entering
the Anglican ministry. He felt, however, that his heart was so bound up
in the Episcopal Church, and his love for her liturgy was so great, that
he could not be at home in any other branch of Christ’s Church. At this
juncture the Right Rev. Bishop Cummins, D.D., took steps to organize the
Reformed Episcopal Church, which being made public, proved the open
door. Under the guidance of that distinguished Protestant prelate, he
pursued his studies and was ordained deacon in the city of Chicago, by
the Right Rev. Bishop Cheney, in Christ Church, June 9th, 1874, and
presbyter, July 16th, 1876, in Emmanuel Church, Ottawa, Ontario, by
Bishops Cheney, Nicholson, Cridge and Fallows. His pastorates in Canada
have been, one of three years in Toronto, during which was built the
church on the corner of Simcoe and Caer Howell streets, and his present
charge in St. Bartholomew’s, Montreal, over which he has been pastor
since 1878. For good and sufficient reasons he and his congregation
withdrew from the jurisdiction of the Reformed Episcopal Church in the
United States and united with the English branch of the Reformed
Episcopal Church under the Right Rev. T. H. Gregg, M.D., D.D., otherwise
called the Reformed Church of England. By the General Synod in England,
in the following year, the Rev. Dr. Ussher was elected to the
episcopate, but declined. Two years after he was elected again, the
Canadian Synod electing him as their bishop, and in 1882, on the 19th
day of June, he was consecrated in Trinity Church, Southend, by the
Right Rev. Bishop Gregg, and seven presbyters, as “a bishop in the
Church of God.” Returning to Canada he took charge of the Diocese of
Canada and Newfoundland. The bishop believing in benevolent societies as
handmaids to the church, has been a member of the Order of Oddfellows
since 1865, and has held the office of Grand Master of the Province of
Quebec; he has also been, and is at present, a member of the Order of
Knights of Pythias, in which he holds the rank of Past Grand Chancellor,
and has had the honour of being Supreme Representative for the State of
Illinois, and the authorship of one of the degrees in use by the order.
Bishop Ussher is a graceful and forcible writer and an eloquent speaker,
and poet of acknowledged merit. In his religious views he is an old-time
Evangelical believer, pronounced in his Protestant views, in fact, a
_keeper in the old paths_, for which reason he is ecclesiastically where
he is to-day. On the 16th day of July, 1867, he was married by the Rev.
Dr. Kelly, in the city of Chicago, to Elizabeth Leonora Thompson, third
daughter of the Rev. Skeffington Thompson, of Broomfield, near Lucan, in
the county of Dublin, Ireland, and Elizabeth Margaret D’Arcy. The father
of Mrs. Ussher, the Rev. Skeffington Thompson, is the thirteenth child
of the late Skeffington Thompson, of Rathnally, county of Meath, by Anna
Maria Carter, only child and heiress of Thomas Carter, of Rathnally,
county Meath. Skeffington Thompson the elder was an unsuccessful
candidate in the last Irish Parliament against the Duke of Wellington
for the borough of Trim, both candidates being neighbours in the same
county, Dangan Castle, the Wellesley seat, being near Trim. The family
of Thompson, according to Burke, descended from the Thompsons of Barton,
Cumberland, a branch of which settled about the 16th century in the
county of Hertford, England. The Irish branch are descended from those
who crossed over to Ulster when that province was first taken in hand by
King James, and engaging in the prosperous linen trade made large
fortunes. Mrs. Ussher’s family history on the male side is interesting,
as leading back to the famous Thomas Carter, who took so active a part
in the Irish revolution, ending with the battle of the Boyne, 1690. This
Thomas Carter was sergeant-at-arms, a partisan of King William III. at
the siege of Derry, and battle of the Boyne. He was, as Burke, Ulster
King of Arms, says “_a gentleman whose services to his country at the
revolution were very considerable, for he not only served King William
at the battle of the Boyne (July 1st, 1690), but secured divers useful
books and writings belonging to King James and his secretaries_.” These
documents he secreted in the vaults of Christ’s Church Cathedral,
Dublin, until after the disturbances. He married for his second wife,
the Countess of Roscommon, widow of Wentworth Dillon, the poet, who was
publicly buried in Westminster Abbey. By her he had no family, but his
only son Thomas became Master of the Irish Rolls, for twenty-four years,
Privy Councillor, and Secretary of State. This Right Hon. Thomas Carter
had two sons and three daughters, from the eldest of whom Mrs. Ussher is
descended. The eldest sister of this Thomas Carter married Doctor Philip
Twysden, bishop of Raphoe, and son of Sir William Twysden, baronet, of
Roydon Hall, Kent. The issue of this marriage, Frances, married George
Bussey, fourth Earl of Jersey and first cousin to Anna Maria Carter,
Mrs. Ussher’s grandmother. This latter alliance resulted in the birth of
two sons and six daughters, her eldest son being George, fifth Earl of
Jersey, and the daughters became Ladies William Russell, Ann Lambton,
Sarah Bailey, Lady Ponsonby, Lady Henrietta, who married the bishop of
Oxford, and Lady Anglesey, wife of the Marquis of Anglesey, a hero of
Waterloo, and for her second husband the Duke of Argyll, which Duchess
of Argyll was cousin german to Mrs. Skeffington Thompson, Mrs. Ussher’s
paternal grandmother. The Right Hon. Thomas Carter’s second daughter,
Susan, married Thomas Carter, of Duleek Park and Castle, county Louth,
and her grand-daughter, Elizabeth, became Marchioness of Thomond by
entering the family of William O’Bryen, descendant from Brien Boroimhe,
King of Ireland, and whose line was continued by the King of Munster and
of Thomond to the reign of Henry VIII., King of England (see Sharpe’s
Peerage). Mrs. Ussher’s family history on the female side is even more
interesting. Her mother was Elizabeth Margaret, eldest daughter of the
Rev. Joshua D’Arcy, Rector of Lacka, county Kildare. This D’Arcy family
came to Ireland early in the 14th century and settled at Platten in the
county Meath. In a book “Maynooth Castle,” written by the present Duke
of Leinster when Marquis of Kildare, on page 5, we read, “Sir John
D’Arcy, Lord Justice of Ireland, married the Countess Johanna de Burgh,
daughter to the Red Earl of Ulster, and sister to Ellen, wife of Robert
Bruce, King of Scotland. They had a son, William, born at Maynooth, in
1330, from whom the present family of D’Arcy are lineally descended, and
are represented by George James Norman D’Arcy, of Hyde Park, county
Westmeath (see Burke’s “Landed Gentry”, also Walford’s “County
Families”), the worthy head of both English and Irish families and
representative of twenty-eight peerages of Great Britain.” The Irish
D’Arcys were governors of Ireland in the reign of the three Edwards,
with extraordinary privileges, the power to appoint a deputy, which as
Fynes Thompson remarks, neither before nor after was granted to any but
some few of the royal blood (and which he exercised on two several
occasions). A descendant, Sir William D’Arcy of Platten (or Platyn) was
the person who carried Lambert Simnel on his shoulders through Dublin
after he had been crowned in Christ Church Cathedral, for which he was
obliged to do homage to his viceroy, in 1488. This Sir William D’Arcy’s
descendant, Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, in 1523, was the author of a work
entitled, “The Decay of Ireland and the causes of it,” the MS. of which
is now in the library of Trinity College, Dublin. It is quite beyond the
limit of this sketch to give a full history of a family dating back to
their ancient seat in Arcques, in Normandy, whence they came to England
with the Conqueror, into whose family they had married previously—then
settled in Lincolnshire and are given _in extenso_ in Burke’s “Extinct
Peerages.” The Yorkshire histories contain a full pedigree of about
twenty-five generations, and the English and Irish pedigree illuminated
by Camden, the historian, and author of the “Brittania,” dating from
1066 to 1617, is in the possession of the present head of the D’Arcy
house, Mrs. Ussher’s cousin. This history says, that Nicholas D’Arcy, of
Platyn, espoused the cause of King James II., and was a captain in his
army. He was consequently attained in 1690, and his estates were
forfeited and sold in 1691; his only son Christopher, dying unmarried,
George D’Arcy, the surviving lineal heir, male, succeeded to the family
headship. This George D’Arcy entertained James the Second in his Castle
of Dunmow the night after the battle of the Boyne, and King William was
his guest previous to the battle. King James in his hurried departure
next morning forgot his pistol which yet remains in the D’Arcy family.
It is related of him that on the occasion he repeated the following
couplet:
“Who will be king I do not know,
But I’ll be D’Arcy of Dunmow.”
He was declared an innocent Papist in 1693, and died in full possession
of his estates in Meath and Westmeath, in 1718. His descendant John
D’Arcy, born 1700, married, 1727, and was the first of the family to
conform to the Protestant faith, which took place before his marriage
with Miss Judge, of Grangebey, county Westmeath. He died in 1785,
leaving four sons, Judge, Francis, Arthur, and James. Francis D’Arcy, on
the death of his brother, Judge D’Arcy, became heir male of Sir William
D’Arcy, of Platyn, second son of Lord D’Arcy, viceroy of Ireland. On the
death of Robert D’Arcy, fourth Earl of Holderness, in Yorkshire, 1778,
heir male of John D’Arcy and Norman D’Arcy. Francis D’Arcy died in 1813,
without issue, and his youngest brother James D’Arcy, who alone had sons
and daughters, thus continued the line—his eldest son, John, claimed
the older D’Arcy baronies, held by the last Earl of Holderness, and this
claim after trial was established. But it appears that as Robert D’Arcy,
fourth Earl of Holderness, left an only child, Lady Amelia, who married
the Marquis of Carmarthan, afterwards fifth Duke of Leeds, thus carrying
off the Yorkshire estates into the Osborn family, the title has not been
resumed by the present family. James D’Arcy, born in 1740, had three
sons, John, born 1767, Joshua, the grandfather of Mrs. Ussher, and
Thomas, who was a major in the army, and at his death, Inspector General
of Police, in Ulster. It is interesting to know that the marriage of
Lady Amelia D’Arcy, Baroness Conyers in her own right, was dissolved by
Act of Parliament in May, 1779, after the birth of three children, and
both parties remarried the following year, the Lady Amelia marrying John
Byron, father of the poet, Lord Byron (she died January 20th, 1784,
Dodd’s Peerage, Genealogical Volume and Plates of Arms, page 5). The
foregoing is a very condensed account, necessarily, of Mrs. Ussher’s
family history. A more extended history involving, as it would, the
introduction of many other distinguished families in every department of
the state, and covering many professions, literary, scientific, military
and naval, we must ask our readers to spare us. Reference to the usual
standard histories, genealogies and heralds of Great Britain, would
confirm the above. It must be remembered that all the history of the
English D’Arcys, dating from 1066, their possession of thirty-three
baronies in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, their active part with the other
barons in extracting Magna Charta from King John, their subsequent
prominent part in the state during every reign down to that of George
III., the _Pilgrimage of Grace_, these and many other matters have been
omitted, but what has been said will suffice to show whence we have
come, and we trust that the present and future will verify the wise
man’s saying (Prov. xvii, 6.) in the history of Mrs. Ussher, that if
“Children’s children are the crown of old men, the glory of children are
their father’s.” The following are the surviving children of Bishop and
Mrs. Ussher:—Sydney Lahmire Neville Ussher, Clarence Douglas Ussher,
Charles Edward Cheney Ussher, George Richard Beardmore Ussher, Elizabeth
Henrietta Ussher, Warwick Wellesley Ussher.
* * * * *
=Bayard, William=, M.D., Edin., St. John, New Brunswick, was born in
Kentville, Nova Scotia, on the 21st day of August, 1814. The ancestors
of our subject were Huguenots, and directly connected with the family,
represented by the famous knight, “sans peur et sans reproche,” whose
coat of arms is carried by them to this day. Having been driven from
France, they landed in New Amsterdam, now New York, in the month of May,
1647. There were three brothers, Petrus, Balthazer and Nicholas; one
remained in New York, and became one of the most prominent men in that
city; one went to Baltimore and his branch gave senators to that city
for the last hundred years, among them the present United States
Secretary; and the other one went to England, giving numerous soldiers
of distinction to that country, among them Colonel Samuel Vetch Bayard
and Colonel John Bayard, brothers. Colonel Samuel Vetch Bayard had three
sons; one a captain in the army, was killed at the battle of Waterloo;
one a captain in the English navy, was murdered at Fordham, near New
York city; and the third son, Robert, the father of our subject, was a
lieutenant in the British army at the age of thirteen years, and was
allowed to proceed with his studies at Windsor, Nova Scotia, while his
father’s regiment was stationed at Halifax, N.S. He left the army and
graduated in medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1809, was a D.
C. L. of Windsor College, N.S., and for three years professor of
Obstetrics in the University of New York. When the war of 1812 was
declared against Great Britain, he was required to take the oath of
allegiance or leave the country. He chose the latter course, found his
way to Portland, Maine, left that city in an open boat, and arrived in
the city of St. John, N.B., in the month of May, 1813. From that city he
went to Halifax, N.S., and there married Frances Catherine Robertson,
daughter of Commissary Robertson, who was killed in the Colonial war
which commenced in 1775. Her grandfather was Colonel John Billop, who
owned a large part of Staten Island, near New York, and being a
Loyalist, his property was confiscated. He died in the city of St. John.
Dr. Robert Bayard practised his profession in Kentville, N.S., for
several years, and in 1824 removed to St. John, N.B., where he died in
June, 1868 at the advanced age of eighty-one years. He stood at the head
of his profession, and was a fluent speaker and an able writer. His son,
Dr. W. Bayard, when twelve years of age, was sent to a popular
educational institution, conducted by the Rev. William Powell, at
Fordham, near New York city, where he remained five years. He then
entered as a private student with Dr. Valentine Mott, the eminent
surgeon of New York, at the same time attending the medical lectures at
the College. While in Dr. Mott’s office he took high honours for
proficiency in anatomy. The next year he matriculated at the University
of Edinburgh, from which institution he received the degree of doctor in
medicine in 1837. He then walked the hospitals in Paris, and visited
many in Germany, and on returning to St. John, practised in company with
his father. He has since that time frequently visited the hospitals in
England, France and Germany. “His reputation for skill has,” says a
writer who has noted this gentleman’s career “almost from the start,
stood high, and of his profession he has made a brilliant success. He
has been greatly honoured, alike by the medical fraternity and his
fellow citizens generally, and it is safe to say, that no man in his
profession, in the Province, is held in higher esteem. There is not a
city or large town in the Province of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia or
Prince Edward Island, to which he has not been called upon professional
business.” It may be said that the general public hospital in the city
of St. John owes its existence to the energy and perseverance of Dr.
Bayard. Prior to 1858 he brought the subject prominently before the
authorities, but no action was taken. He then endeavoured to obtain
money to build one by subscription, but finding that many of the most
wealthy men in the city refused to subscribe, he abandoned the idea, and
employed and paid a lawyer to draft an Act to assess the community for
the purpose. This bill he placed before the Legislature of the Province,
and with the assistance of Sir Leonard Tilley, Judge the Hon. John H.
Gray and other members of the House, got the bill passed granting power
to raise the funds required for the building, and the support of it. He
has been President of the Board of Commissioners since its establishment
in 1860. He is chairman of the Board of Health for the city and county
of St. John, having been appointed by the Government in 1855 to carry
out the Sanitary Act passed in that year. He was elected President of
the New Brunswick Medical Society for four years in succession,
resigning the situation in 1881. He was elected President of the Council
of Physicians and Surgeons of New Brunswick in 1881, and resigned the
situation in 1885, not feeling justified in assuming the responsibility
of carrying out the Act, the Legislature having declined to pass
amendments to it required. He was appointed Coroner for the city and
county of St. John in 1839, resigning the situation in 1867. During his
tenure of office, there was but one coroner, now there are six with very
small increase of population. The above situations were unsolicited. Dr.
Bayard was at one time the New Brunswick editor of the _Montreal Medical
and Surgical Journal_, in which many interesting articles from his pen
may be found. The arduous duties of his profession compelled him to give
up the work. “He is regarded as a high authority on any branch of
medical science which he sees fit to discuss.” His address to the
Medical Society upon the “use and abuse of alcoholic drinks,” and his
lecture at the Mechanics’ Institute in St. John upon the “Progress of
Medicine, Surgery and Hygiene during the last one hundred years,” has
received high commendation. His politics are liberal-conservative. He is
a member of Trinity Episcopal church, and an exemplary man in all the
walks of life. The wife of Dr. Bayard was Susan Maria Wilson, daughter
of John Wilson, Esq., of Chamcook, near St. Andrew’s, in his day a large
ship owner and merchant, and one of the most enterprising men in the
county. It may be said that the St. Andrew’s and Woodstock railway owes
its origin to his energy. It was from him that Dr. Bayard received the
first telegram ever sent to St. John, as follows:—“To Dr. W. Bayard,
April 30th, 1851. Being the first subscriber to the Electric Telegraph
Company, I am honoured by the first communication to your city,
announcing this great and wonderful work God has made known to man, by
giving him control of his lightning. Signed, John Wilson.” Dr. Bayard
was married in the year 1844, and his wife died in the year 1876,
leaving no children. She was a woman of ability and fine social
qualities, always happiest when she had a house full of friends, and was
a splendid entertainer. She had wonderful energy as shown in attending
to the details of domestic life, in looking after the poor and
unfortunate, and in visiting the Home for Aged Women, the Protestant
Orphan Asylum, etc., etc. She was truly an angel of mercy, and her death
was nothing short of a calamity to the city. Dr. Bayard has not again
married.
* * * * *
=Stevens, Rev. Lorenzo Gorham=, A.M., B.D., Portland, St. John, was born
in Bedford, Mass., U.S.A., on 26th December, 1846, and is the eldest son
of Lorenzo Dow Stevens and Mary Gorham Parsons Stevens. His grandparents
on his father’s side were Abel Stevens, whose nephew, Abel Stevens,
D.D., LL.D., is one of the leading divines of the Methodist Episcopal
church in the United States; and Hadassa Mills, whose brother, Luther
Mills, was a distinguished graduate of Harvard University, in the class
of 1792. His father’s cousin, Edward Lewis Stevens, a graduate of
Harvard, of the class of 1863, and afterwards first lieutenant in the
44th Mass. Volunteer Militia, was killed at Boykin’s Mills, near Camden,
S.C., April 18th, 1865. His grandfather on his mother’s side was Wilhelm
Edlund, ship owner and merchant, born in Stockholm, Sweden. The brother
of this gentleman was private secretary to Gustavus III. His grandfather
left no male issue, and the name, so far as can be learned, is now
extinct in America. His grandmother, on his mother’s side, was Abigail
Hodges, daughter of Abigail Davis, who was cousin of Chief Justice
Parsons, of Massachusetts, and whose brother, Aaron Davis, served at the
battle of Bunker Hill, under Gen. Warren, and received a musket ball in
his thigh at the time. His mother’s grandfather, Joseph Davis, after the
early death of his wife Abigail, married Christina Greene, niece of Gen.
Greene, one of the Division Commanders under Gen. Washington. After
leaving the Francis St. grammar school, Boston, Lorenzo Gorham Stevens
entered the (Roxbury) Latin School, professor Buck, principal, where he
remained five years, graduating July, 1865. He then entered Harvard
University, and remained four years, graduating in the class of 1869.
His favourite studies in the college were the languages, history and
mental and moral philosophy. The year following his graduation he was
principal of the English department of the German-American School, in
Morrisania, New York. In September, 1870, he entered the Episcopal
Theological Seminary, Cambridge, Mass., and remained one year. The years
1872 and 1873 he spent in foreign travel, at the same time prosecuting
his theological studies. While in Berlin he attended at the University
the lectures of the celebrated Dr. Dörner. Mr. Stevens travelled as far
east as St. Petersburg, and as far north as Upsala, Sweden. After a most
enjoyable tour in which sight-seeing and study were about equally
combined, he returned to the Cambridge Seminary, and graduated June,
1874. His diaconate he spent in Massachusetts, preaching in several
places. In September, 1875, he became rector of Trinity Church, St.
Stephen, N.B., and in January of the following year, was admitted to the
order of priesthood in the cathedral, Fredericton, by Bishop Medley, now
Metropolitan. He served as rector of Trinity church three years. On
November, 1878, he entered upon the rectorship of St. Luke’s church,
Portland, St. John, a position he still holds. Rev. Mr. Stevens was
chaplain of the Sussex Lodge, F. and A. M. (St. Stephen), and has acted
as chaplain for other lodges at various times. On August, 30, 1881 he
was married to Susan Lynds, only surviving child of Dr. John Waddell,
superintendent for twenty-seven years of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum,
St. John. (A sketch of his life will be found elsewhere in this book.)
Of this marriage two children have been born, Henry Waddell, March 24,
1883, and Edlund Archibald, August 23, 1885.
* * * * *
=Klotz, Otto=, Preston, Ontario, is a native of Germany, having been
born in the city of Kiel, on the shores of the Baltic sea, on the 25th
of November, 1817. His father, Jacob Klotz, was the junior of the firm
of Klotz & Son of that place. After the death of the senior member, the
firm was continued for many years, first by Jacob Klotz, and
subsequently by his younger brother, Christian Klotz, their business
being chiefly the purchase of grain and shipping it to England. Otto
Klotz received his primary education at a public school in his native
place, but was subsequently educated in Luebeck; after having passed his
final examination creditably, he was confirmed in conformity with the
rites of the Lutheran Church at Kiel, and thereupon apprenticed to a
wine merchant in Luebeck, where, in addition to his mother-tongue, he
had ample opportunity of making use of French and English, which
languages he had by this time fairly mastered. At the expiration of his
apprenticeship, he returned home. In the spring of 1837, his uncle,
Christian Klotz, under the old firm of Klotz & Son, sent on speculation
a cargo of wheat to America (the crops having failed in 1836), and young
Otto Klotz was permitted to make a trip to the new world in his uncle’s
brig, laden with wheat. The requisite arrangements for that voyage were
soon made, and since neither himself nor his relations and friends
considered the departure as being of long duration, but rather a
pleasure trip, the farewell at the wharf was neither gloomy nor sombre,
although his father had advised him to inquire for a good situation, and
if found to stay for a few years, and then return with a good store of
general knowledge, as many young men of the town had done before him. On
the 27th of March, 1837, the anchor was weighed, the sails set, and the
_Friedericke_, heavily laden with wheat, sailed out of Kiel harbour with
young Klotz on board. The voyage was completed in seventy-nine long
days, and on the 14th of June, anchor was cast in the East River, at New
York. On arrival it was found that the wheat was heated, and the market
overstocked, hence the speculation was a failure. Otto Klotz found to
his regret that owing to great depression in business and the numerous
failures, he could not procure a situation in New York. He visited
Newark, New Jersey, and there met a German farmer from Canada, who
proposed to him the taking up of wild land and going into farming. The
novelty of this proposal appeared to have some charm and was really
entered upon. Writing to his father informing him of his resolution, he
handed the letter to the captain of his uncle’s brig, bade him farewell,
and left for Canada. Arrived in the township of McKillop, in the Huron
Tract, he endeavoured to learn what was required in order to become a
successful farmer, and soon ascertained that for a young man standing
alone without relations or friends and without any knowledge of farming,
it would be unwise to take up land and “roughing it in the bush;”
however he stayed about two months, during which time he acquired
considerable proficiency in the use of the axe, helping to chop and put
up log houses in the neighbourhood. He left McKillop in October, 1837,
and went to Preston, which place was then all alive with new settlers
from Germany. He engaged for some time as clerk in a store, and thinking
he saw a good opportunity, he started in business on his own account in
February, 1838, using his father’s letter of credit in the purchase of
his first stock of goods. In 1839, he married the daughter of a farmer
of the township of Wilmot. This marriage proved to be a happy one, his
good wife being an excellent helpmate, a good housewife, a dutiful
mother and an exemplary spouse. Shortly after young Klotz had settled in
Preston, he became acquainted with an old English gentleman, William
Scollick, who was a surveyor, conveyancer and a commissioner of the
Court of Request, and who took a particular fancy to him and his
penmanship. He advised him to learn conveyancing, and promised to
instruct him therein. This kind offer was readily accepted; the pupil
employed his spare moments in studying to perfect himself, became an apt
scholar, and after the death of old Mr. Scollick, became his successor
as conveyancer, a business which proved no mean help for improving his
pecuniary circumstances. Mr. Klotz was made a naturalized British
subject in 1844, was appointed a notary public in 1846, a commissioner
for taking affidavits in 1848, a clerk of the Division Court in 1848,
and a justice of the peace in 1853. For a long term of years, he was
director of the County Agricultural Society, and once its president. Of
the Preston Mechanics’ Institute and Horticultural Society he has been
president from the establishment of the same. Of the Executive Committee
of the Association of Mechanics’ Institutes for Ontario, he was a member
for twelve years, during six of which its vice-president and for two
years its president, and by virtue of these offices a member of the
Agricultural Council of Ontario. But the office which he has occupied
longest and in which he has worked with greater energy than in any
other, is that of School Trustee. When in 1841, the Public Schools Act
became law, he was elected one of the School Commissioners in the
township (the title was subsequently changed to School Trustee); at the
expiration of his term he was re-elected, and has been so re-elected
ever since. A good stone school building with a teacher as good as in
those days could be obtained was the result of his early work in the
cause of education. He next succeeded in getting permission from the
District Council to have all property in the Preston school section
taxed for a free school, and that school has been free ever since,
although in former years it was optional with the rate-payers whether
their school should be free or supported by a rate bill per pupil
attending school. After Preston became incorporated, he was appointed
local superintendent of schools, and in that capacity he was seventeen
years a member of the County Board of Examiners of Teachers. The
scarcity of good teachers was often severely felt, while at present they
are plentiful, and Mr. Klotz obtained permission for German teachers to
be examined in German, and he had charge of preparing the questions for
such examinations. At the insistance of several teachers, he prepared
and published a German grammar for use of German pupils and others
studying German. In 1853, he agitated a public examination of all the
schools in the county; in this move he was ably assisted by the late Dr.
Scott, who was then the warden of the county. The county council granted
$100 for the purchase of prizes to be distributed among the successful
competitors, and appointed Mr. Klotz to make the requisite arrangements,
which were successfully carried out. In 1865, Mr. Klotz, assisted by two
of the teachers of the Preston school, prepared an _exposé_ of “The
Irish National Readers,” which at that time were the authorized readers
for the common schools. In that _exposé_ the writer criticised the
spelling, grammatical construction, historical blunders, unsuitable
words and expressions for children, unfitness of the books for Canadian
schools, and the entire absence therein of any article which might tend
to cultivate in the minds of the pupils a patriotic feeling. A lengthy
and animated correspondence between the chief superintendent, the Rev.
Dr. Ryerson, and Mr. Klotz was the result; but notwithstanding the same,
Mr. Klotz had the gratification of seeing “The Irish National Readers”
superseded by a Canadian series of Readers. As president of the
Mechanics’ Institute, Mr. Klotz has been indefatigable in providing for
the inhabitants of Preston and neighbourhood a large library of well
selected books, numbering in 1886 4,000 volumes, of which 2,800 are
English, and 1,200 German. In politics Mr. Klotz commenced as early as
1838, then hardly a year in Canada, to take an active part, having been
required to shoulder a gun and to stand guard at the Grand River bridge,
upon a report that a band of rebels under lead of one Duncan, was coming
from London to invade Waterloo, which, however, afterwards proved a
false report. He concluded that if, though yet an alien, he was required
to risk his life in defence of Canada, he would claim it as a right to
speak and vote upon political questions. Shortly after the Earl of
Durham’s Report had been published, mass meetings were held in several
parts of Upper Canada to discuss the same; and Mr. Klotz was one of
thirty-six men, mostly old settlers of Waterloo county, who by
hand-bills called a public meeting to be held at Preston, on the 10th
day of August, “to take into consideration the deplorable state of the
province of Upper Canada, and to express their opinion thereon, in
concurrence with the great county meeting lately held at Dundas, upon
the glorious report of the Earl of Durham.” One of those handbills is
still preserved by Mr. Klotz as a relic of his younger days. The first
parliamentary election which came on was held at Guelph, and Mr. Klotz
went there to vote. A scrutineer, the late Colonel Hodgins, asked him:
“How long are you in this country, sir?” The answer was given with
firmness: “Not quite ten years, sir;” the response was: “Oh, that will
do; for whom do you vote?” “for Mr. James Durand, sir,” said Mr. Klotz
and left the polling place. Mr. Durand was afterwards declared elected.
After responsible government had been granted to the people of Canada,
and the political party which adopted the name “Conservatives” had been
formed, Mr. Klotz joined that party, and he has ever since supported it
with all his energy. He held for a number of years the office of
secretary of that party in his electoral division, and in later years
that of president of the same. For the celebration of the Peace Jubilee,
held at the county town, Berlin, shortly after the Franco-German war, he
was elected president of the German societies, and as such he delivered
on May 2nd, 1871, in front of the Court House, to an audience of several
thousands, the Peace Jubilee address; and subsequently at the town of
Waterloo, on the occasion of the first “German Saenger Fest” in Ontario,
being held there, he delivered to an overcrowded house at the
Agricultural Hall, the address in German and also in English. The old
Alien Act requiring a residence of seven years before a foreigner could
become a naturalized subject, was felt by many Germans to be too long a
period of probation, especially since it only required five years’
residence in the United States to become a citizen there. Accordingly
Mr. Klotz agitated the matter through the medium of the public press,
and by letters to members of Parliament and to the government. In this
he was ably assisted by other Germans, and their united efforts were
crowned with success, the seven years being first reduced to five, and
later to three years’ residence. An attempt was made by him to induce
the British government to extend the privileges of a person naturalized
in Canada, over the whole British empire; but in this attempt he failed,
although his arguments upon that subject had been kindly forwarded to
the British government, by His Excellency the Governor-General. It
appeared that the reasons for refusal were not on account of Canada, but
of such of the numerous British possessions which still number among its
inhabitants a large body of semi-civilized peoples, through whom serious
difficulties might arise, if such colonies were also to apply and obtain
the like privileges which were asked for Canada. Among the Masonic
fraternity, the name of Otto Klotz has become a household word. He
became a member of the same in 1846, and has ever since been an active
and energetic worker of the Mystic tie. He is an old member of the Grand
Lodge and served without interruption as a member of the Board of
General Purposes since 1864. He made the subject of Benevolence his
special study, and the present system of distributing aid, and of
regulating grants is his work; in acknowledgment of which, the Grand
Lodge presented him in 1873 with a handsome testimonial. He continued
his noble work with unabated energy, adding from time to time
improvements suggested by experience, and in 1885, after twenty-one
consecutive years as chairman of the Committee on Benevolence, the Grand
Lodge conferred upon him the highest honour, by unanimously electing him
a Past Grand Master, and voting for the purchase of a handsome and
costly Grand Master’s regalia, which, with an elaborate address
beautifully engraved, were presented to him at a later day at his mother
lodge, the old Barton, No. 6, in the city of Hamilton, in presence of
one of the largest gatherings of the fraternity ever assembled there.
Besides this great honour conferred upon him, and the many fraternal
greetings and tributes paid him on that occasion by the brethren
assembled, he had the additional pleasure of the presence of three of
his sons, two of whom as Past Masters of Preston lodge, and the youngest
as Master of the Lodge of Strict Observance, in Hamilton; and the
gratification of a most cordial and fraternal reception of them by the
brethren assembled, as worthy sons of a worthy father. The family of Mr.
Klotz and his good wife consists of four sons and two daughters, of whom
three sons and one daughter are married and have families, while the
eldest son and youngest daughter have remained single. They are all
living in comfortable circumstances, highly respected by all who know
them, and the just pride of their aged parents. A family gathering which
occurs once a year is always accompanied by those genuine pleasures
which are in store for a happy family in which strife and bickerings are
unknown quantities. At one of these gatherings the unanimous wish of Mr.
Klotz’s children was expressed that he should retire from business, and
spend with his good wife the remaining years of his life in rest and
comfort. Arrangements were made accordingly, and in 1881, he retired
from business, since which time he has been living on his income, with
his wife and unmarried daughter in a commodious dwelling, enjoying that
repose and comfort which is the just reward of honest industry.
* * * * *
=Waddell, John=, M.D. The late Dr. Waddell, of St. John, New Brunswick,
was the son of the Rev. John Waddell, a native of Shotts, Scotland. The
latter was educated at Glasgow, and came to Nova Scotia in 1797, and
became pastor of the Presbyterian church of Truro. He was married in
1802 to a daughter of Jotham Blanchard (a loyalist from Massachusetts,
and a colonel in one of the loyalist regiments). The Rev. Mr. Waddell
officiated on the occasion of the opening of the old St. Andrew’s Kirk,
in St. John, N.B. (destroyed by the great fire), having delivered the
first sermon in the church in which his son, the subject of this sketch,
fifty years afterwards became a prominent and influential elder. Dr.
Waddell was born in Truro, Nova Scotia, on the 17th of March, 1810. When
quite a boy, his mother died. After attending the Grammar school at
Truro, kept by Mr. James Irving, he entered the Pictou Academy, under
the presidency of Dr. McCulloch (the able Biblical controversialist,
whose discussions with Bishop Burke, of Halifax, made his name famous
throughout Nova Scotia). After leaving the academy, he went into
mercantile business in his native town, and so continued until the
autumn of 1833, when he commenced the study of medicine under Dr. Lynds.
He next proceeded to Glasgow, Scotland, where he pursued his studies
with untiring assiduity, and received his diploma, October 18th, 1839,
from the Royal College of Surgeons, London. He then went to Paris, and
continued there two years, attending the medical lectures given by some
of the most scientific men of the French capital. On his return to Nova
Scotia, in 1840, he commenced the practice of medicine in Truro. The
same year he married Susan, the only daughter of his first medical
teacher, Dr. Lynds. The following year she died. Five years afterwards
he married Jane Walker Blanchard, daughter of Edward Blanchard, of
Truro. In 1849, Dr. Waddell was appointed by His Excellency, Sir Edmund
Head, to the situation of medical superintendent of the New Brunswick
Lunatic Asylum, a position whose arduous and multifarious duties he
discharged with signal success, until his retirement in the spring of
1876, a period of twenty-seven years. When he took charge of the asylum,
at the age of thirty-nine, he was the very personification of vigorous
health. He was tall and finely proportioned. Humanly speaking there was
in him the promise of the attainment of a life of four score years and
more. He sprang from a long-lived race. His step was elastic and his
form erect; his mind was buoyant and full of love for the work he had
but just undertaken. By his kind and gentlemanly manner, he was
singularly capable of dealing with those unfortunates who required so
much of paternal care and solicitude. And yet, with this urbanity and
goodness, there was firmness of character, so much required by the rules
of discipline, which never failed to exact obedience, but it was the
obedience of a child to a parent. When Dr. Waddell assumed the duties of
his office, there were but eighty patients in the establishment, which
number gradually increased until the figures reached, at the time of his
retirement, three hundred, besides about fifty domestics. With every
successive year, from 1849, there was a steady increase of work—work of
the most sorrowful description—and with it a corresponding amount of
care, anxiety and responsibility. And yet, Dr. Waddell worked on, day
after day, in the same unwearied round for twenty-seven years, devoting
the flower of his days, his vigour, his manhood to a task which led
ultimately to the destruction of a once powerful constitution. At the
earnest request of his family—whose members had always been closely
knit and compacted together by the most tender cords of affection—he
retired from the asylum in the spring of 1876, under the expectation
that with rest and freedom from care and anxiety, he would be enabled to
take a new lease of life. But instead of that repose for which
retirement was sought, it was found that a change from an active to a
passive life was more than his shattered constitution could withstand.
The day he laid down his staff and turned his back upon the asylum he
loved so well and served so faithfully, that day Dr. Waddell’s work upon
earth was ended. Bowed down with the infirmities of a premature old age,
he lingered till August 29th, 1878, when he passed away at the age of
sixty-eight. Probably no man in the province of New Brunswick was better
or more generally known than Dr. Waddell, and there are few whose name
and works will be held in more grateful remembrance by its inhabitants.
His only surviving child, Susan Lynds (by his second marriage), was
married August 30th, 1881, to the Rev. Lorenzo Gorham Stevens, rector of
St. Luke’s Church, Portland, St. John, N.B., a sketch of whose life will
be found elsewhere.
* * * * *