Being past these two, we come next of all to the Tarbocke water, that
falleth into the sea at Harbocke, without finding anie mo till we be
past all Wirall, out of Lirepoole hauen, and from the blacke rockes that
lie vpon the north point of the aforesaid Iland. Then come we to the
[Sidenote: Alt or Ast.]
Altmouth, whose fresh rising not far into the land, commeth to Feston,
and soone after receiuing another on the right hand, that passeth into
it by Aughton, it is increased no more before it come at the sea.
Neither find I anie other falles till I méet with the mouth of the
[Sidenote: Duglesse or Dulesse.]
Yarrow and Duglesse, which haue their recourse to the sea in one chanell
as I take it. The Duglesse commeth from by west of Rauenspike hill, and
yer long runneth by Andertonford to Worthington, and so (taking in two
or thrée rilles by the waie) to Wigen, where it receiueth two waters in
one chanell, of which one commeth in south from Brin parke, the other
from northeast. Being past this, it receiueth one on the north side from
Standish, and another by south from Hollond, and then goeth on toward
[sidenote: Taud or Skelmere.]
Rufford chappell taking the Taud withall, that descendeth from aboue
Skelmersdale towne, and goeth through Lathan parke, belonging (as I
heare) vnto the earle of Derbie. It méeteth also on the same side,
[Sidenote: Merton.]
with Merton méere water, in which méere is one Iland called Netholme
beside other, and when it is past the hanging bridge, it is not long yer
it fall into the Yarrow.
[Sidenote: Yarrow.]
[Sidenote: Bagen.]
The Yarrow riseth of two heads, whereof the second is called Bagen
brooke, and making a confluence beneath Helbie wood, it goeth on to
Burgh, Eglestan, Crofton, and then ioineth next of all with the
Dugglesse, after which confluence, the maine streame goeth foorth to
Bankehall, Charleton, How, Hesket, and so into the sea. Leland writing
of the Yarrow, saith thus of the same, so fare as I now remember. Into
the Dugglesse also runneth the Yarrow, which commeth within a mile or
thereabout of Chorleton towne, that parteth Lelandshire from
Derbieshire. Vnder the foot of Chorle also I find a rill named Ceorle,
and about a mile and a halfe from thence a notable quarreie of stones,
whereof the inhabitants doo make a great boast and price. And hitherto
to Leland.
[Sidenote: Ribble.]
The Ribble, a riuer verie rich of salmon, and lampreie, dooth in manner
inuiron Preston in Andernesse, and it riseth neere to Kibbesdale aboue
Gisborne, from whence it goeth to Sawleie or Salleie, Chathburne,
[Sidenote: Odder.]
Woodington, Clithero castell, and beneath Mitton méeteth the Odder at
north west, which riseth not farre from the crosse of Gréet in
Yorkeshire, and going thence to Shilburne, Newton, Radholme parke, and
Stonie hirst, it falleth yer long into the Ribble water. From hence the
[Sidenote: Calder.]
Ribble water hath not gone farre, but it méeteth with the Calder from
southeast. This brooke riseth aboue Holme church in Yorkeshire, which
lieth by east of Lancastershire, and going by Towleie and Burneleie,
where it receiueth a trifling rill, thence to Higham, and yer long
crossing one water that commeth from Wicoler by Colne, and another by
[Sidenote: Pidle.]
and by named Pidle brooke, that runneth by New church in the Pidle, it
méeteth with the Calder, which passeth foorth to Paniam; and thence
receiuing a becke on the other side, it runneth on to Altham, and so to
[Sidenote: Henburne.]
Martholme, where the Henburne brooke dooth ioine withall, that goeth by
Akington chappell, Dunkinhalgh, Rishton, and so into the Calder, as I
haue said before. The Calder therefore being thus inlarged, runneth
foorth to Reade, where maister Nowell dwelleth, to Whallie, and soone
after into Ribble, that goeth from this confluence to Salisburie hall,
Ribchester, Osbastin, Samburie, Keuerden, Law, Ribbles bridge, & then
[Sidenote: Darwent.]
taketh in the Darwent, before it goeth by Pontwarth or Pentwarth into
the maine sea. The Darwent diuideth Lelandshire from Andernesse, and it
riseth by east aboue Darwent chappell; and soone after vniting it selfe
[Sidenote: Blackeburne.]
[Sidenote: Rodlesworth.]
with the Blackeburne, and Rodlesworth water, it goeth through Houghton
parke, by Houghton towne, to Walton hall, and so into the Ribble. As for
[Sidenote: Sannocke.]
the Sannocke brooke, it riseth somewhat aboue Longridge chappell, goeth
to Broughton towne, Cotham, Lée hall, and so into Ribble. And here is
all that I haue to saie of this riuer.
[Sidenote: Wire.]
The Wire riseth eight or ten miles from Garstan, out of an hill in
Wiresdale forrest, from whence it runneth by Shireshed chappell, and
then going by Wadland, or Waddiler, Grenelaw castell (which belongeth to
the erle of Darbie) Garstan, and Kirkland hall, it first receiueth the
[Sidenote: Calder. 2.]
second Calder, that commeth downe by Edmerseie chappell, then another
chanell increased with sundrie waters, which I will here describe before
I procéed anie further with the Wire. I suppose that the first water is
[Sidenote: Plimpton.]
called Plimpton brooke, it riseth south of Gosner, and commeth by
[Sidenote: Barton.]
Cawford hall, and yer long receiuing the Barton becke, it procéedeth
[Sidenote: Brooke.]
forward till it ioineth with the Brooke rill that commeth from Bowland
forrest, by Claughton hall, where master Brookehales dooth lie, & so
through Mersco forrest. After this confluence the Plime or Plimpton
water méeteth with the Calder, and then with the Wire, which passeth
[Sidenote: Skipton.]
foorth to Michaell church, and the Raw cliffes, and aboue Thorneton
crosseth the Skipton that goeth by Potton, then into the Wire rode, and
finallie through the sands into the sea, according to his nature. When
we were past the fall of the Wire, we coasted vp by the salt cotes, to
[Sidenote: Coker.]
Coker mouth, whose head, though it be in Weresdale forrest, not far from
that of the Wire, yet the shortnesse of course deserueth no description.
[Sidenote: Cowdar.]
The next is Cowdar, which is comming out of Wire dale, as I take it, is
not increased with anie other waters more than Coker, and therefore I
will rid my hands thereof so much the sooner.
[Sidenote: Lune.]
Being past these two, I came to a notable riuer called the Lune or
Loine, or (as the booke of statutes hath) Lonwire Anno 13 Ric. 2. cap.
19, and giueth name to Lancaster, Lonecaster, or Lunecaster, where much
Romane monie is found, and that of diuerse stamps, whose course dooth
rest to be described as followeth; and whereof I haue two descriptions.
The first being set downe by Leland, as master Moore of Catharine hall
in Cambridge deliuered it vnto him. The next I exhibit as it was giuen
vnto me, by one that hath taken paines (as he saith) to search out and
view the same, but verie latelie to speake of. The Lune (saith master
Moore) of some commonlie called the Loine, riseth at Crosseho, in Dent
dale, in the edge of Richmondshire out of thrée heads. North also from
Dent dale is Garsdale, an vplandish towne, wherein are séene manie times
great store of red déere that come downe to feed from the mounteins into
the vallies, and thereby runneth a water, which afterward commeth to
Sebbar vale, where likewise is a brooke méeting with Garsdale water, so
that a little lower they go as one into Dent dale becke, which is the
riuer that afterward is called Lune, or Lane, as I haue verie often
noted it. Beside these waters also before mentioned, it receiueth at the
foot of Sebbar vale, a great brooke, which commeth out of the Worth,
betwéene Westmerland and Richmondshire, which taking with him the
aforesaid chanels, dooth run seauen miles yer it come to Dent dale foot.
From hence it entreth into Lansdale, corruptlie so called, peraduenture
for Lunesdale, & runneth therein eight or nine miles southward, and in
this dale is Kirbie. Hitherto master Moore, as Leland hath exemplified
that parcell of his letters. But mine other note writeth hereof in this
[Sidenote: Burbecke.]
manner. Burbecke water riseth at Wustall head, by west, and going by
Wustall foot to Skaleg, it admitteth the Breder that descendeth thither
[Sidenote: Breder.]
from Breder dale. From hence our Burbecke goeth to Breder dale foot, &
so to Tibarie, where it méeteth with foure rilles in one bottome, of
which one commeth from besides Orton, another from betwéene Rasebecke
and Sunbiggin, the third and fourth from each side of Langdale: and
after the generall confluence made, goeth toward Roundswath, aboue which
[Sidenote: Barrow.]
it vniteth it selfe with the Barrow. Thence it runneth to Howgill,
Delaker, Firrebanke, and Killington, beneath which it meeteth with a
[Sidenote: Dent.]
water comming from the Moruill hilles, and afterward crossing the Dent
brooke, that runneth thither from Dent towne, beneath Sebbar, they
continue their course as one into the Burbecke, from whence it is called
Lune. From hence it goeth to Burbon chappell, where it taketh in another
rill comming from by east, then to Kirbie, Lansbele, and aboue
Whittenton crosseth a brooke comming from the countie stone by Burros,
[Sidenote: Greteie.]
and soone after beneath Tunstall and Greteie, which descending from
about Ingelborow hill, passeth by Twiselton, Ingleton, Thorneton,
Burton, Wratton, and néere Thurland castell, toucheth finallie with the
Lune, which brancheth, and soone after vniteth it selfe againe. After
[Sidenote: Wennie.]
this also it goeth on toward New parke, and receiueth the Wennie, and
[Sidenote: Hinburne.]
the Hinburne both in one chanell, of which this riseth north of the
crosse of Greteie, and going by Benthams and Roberts hill, aboue Wraie
[Sidenote: Rheburne.]
taketh in the Rheburne that riseth north of Wulfecrag. After this
confluence also aboue New parke, it maketh his gate by Aughton,
Laughton, Skirton, Lancaster, Excliffe, Awcliffe, Soddaie, Orton, and so
into the sea. Thus haue you both the descriptions of Lune, make your
conference or election at your pleasure, for I am sworne to neither of
them both.
[Sidenote: Docker.]
The next fall is called Docker, and peraduenture the same that Leland
[Sidenote: Kerie.]
dooth call the Kerie, which is not farre from Wharton, where the rich
Kitson was borne, it riseth north of Docker towne, and going by Barwijc
hall, it is not increased before it come at the sea, where it falleth
into the Lune water at Lunesands. Next of all we come to Bitham beck,
which riseth not far from Bitham towne and parke, in the hilles, where
about are great numbers of goates kept and mainteined, and by all
likelihood resorteth in the end to Linsands.
Being past this, we find a forked arme of the sea called Kensands: into
the first of which diuerse waters doo run in one chanell, as it were
from foure principall heads, one of them comming from Grarrig hall,
another fr[=o] by west of Whinfield, & ioining with the first on the east
[Sidenote: Sprota.]
side of Skelmere parke. The third called Sprot or Sprota riseth at
Sloddale, & commeth downe by west of Skelmer parke, so that these two
brookes haue the aforesaid parke betwéene them, & fall into the fourth
east of Barneside, not verie farre in sunder. The fourth or last called
[Sidenote: Ken.]
Ken, commeth from Kentmers side, out of Ken moore, in a poole of a mile
compasse, verie well stored with fish, the head whereof, as of all the
baronie of Kendall is in Westmerland, & going to Stauelope, it taketh in
a rill from Chappleton Inges. Then leauing Colnehead parke by east, it
passeth by Barneside, to Kendall, Helston, Sigath, Siggeswijc,
Leuenbridge, Milnethorpe, and so into the sea. Certes this Ken is a
pretie déepe riuer, and yet not safelie to be aduentured vpon, with
boates and balingers, by reason of rolling stones, & other huge
substances that oft annoie & trouble the middest of the chanell there.
[Sidenote: Winstar.]
The other péece of the forked arme, is called Winstar, the hed wherof is
aboue Winstar chappell, & going downe almost by Carpmaunsell, &
Netherslake, it is not long yer it fall into the sea, or sands, for all
this coast, & a gulfe from the Ramside point to the Mealenasse, is so
pestered with sands, that it is almost incredible to sée how they
increase. Those also which inuiron the Kenmouth, are named Kensands: but
such as receiue the descent from the Fosse, Winander, and Sparke, are
called Leuesands, as I find by sufficient testimonie. The mouth or fall
of the Dodon also is not farre from this impechment: wherefore it is to
be thought, that these issues will yer long become verie noisome, if not
[Sidenote: Winander.]
choked vp altogither. The Winander water riseth about Cunbalrasestones,
from whence it goeth to Cangridge, where it maketh a méere: then to
Ambleside, and taking in yer it come there, two rilles on the left hand,
and one on the right that commeth by Clapergate, it maketh (as I take
it) the greatest méere, or fresh water in England; for I read it is ten
miles in length. Finallie, comming to one small chanell aboue Newbridge,
it reacheth not aboue six miles yer it fall into the sea. There is in
[Sidenote: Fosse.]
like sort a water, called the Fosse that riseth néere vnto Arneside, and
Tillerthwates, and goeth foorth by Grisdale, Satrethwate, Rusland,
Powbridge, Bowth, and so falleth with the Winander water into the maine
sea. On the west side of the Fosse also commeth another through Furnesse
felles, and from the hilles by north thereof, which yer long making the
Thurstan lake not far from Hollinhow, and going by Bridge end, in a
narrow channell, passeth foorth by Nibthwaits, Blareth, Cowlton, &
[Sidenote: Sparke.]
Sparke bridge, and so into the sea. Hauing passed the Leuen or
Conisands, or Conistonesands, or Winander fall (for all is one) I come
[Sidenote: Lew.]
to the Lew, which riseth at Cewike chappell, and falleth into the sea
[Sidenote: Rawther.]
beside Plumpton. The Rawther descending out of low Furnesse, hath two
heads, whereof one commeth from Penniton, the other by Vlmerstone
abbeie, and ioining both in one chanell, they hasten into the sea,
whither all waters direct their voiage. Then come we to another rill
southwest of Aldingham, descending by Glaiston castell; and likewise the
fourth that riseth néere Lindell, and running by Dawlton castell and
Furnesse abbeie, not farre from the Barrow head, it falleth into the sea
ouer against Waueie and Waueie chappell, except mine aduertisements
misleade me.
[Sidenote: Dodon.]
The Dodon, which from the head is bound vnto Cumberland and Westmerland,
commeth from the Shire stone hill bottome, and going by Blackehill,
Southwake, S. Iohns, Vffaie parke, & Broughton, it falleth into the
orltwater, betwéene Kirbie, and Mallum castell. And thus are we now come
vnto the Rauenglasse point, and well entred into the Cumberland countie.
Comming to Rauenglasse, I find hard by the towne a water comming from
two heads, and both of them in lakes or pooles, whereof one issueth out
[Sidenote: Denocke.]
of Denocke or Deuenocke méere, and is called Denocke water, the other
[Sidenote: Eske.]
named Eske from Eske poole which runneth by Eskedale, Dalegarth, and
soone after meeting with the Denocke, betwéene Mawburthwate and
Rauenglasse, falleth into the sea. On the other side of Rauenglasse also
[Sidenote: Mite.]
commeth the Mite brooke, from Miterdale as I read. Then find we another
which commeth from the hils, and at the first is forked, but soone after
making a lake, they gather againe into a smaller chanell: finallie
[Sidenote: Brenge.]
meeting with the Brenge, they fall into the sea at Carleton southeast, as
[Sidenote: Cander.]
I wéene of Drig. The Cander, or (as Leland nameth it) the Calder,
commeth out of Copeland forrest, by Cander, Sellefield, and so into the
sea. Then come we to Euer water, descending out of a poole aboue
Coswaldhow, and thence going by Euerdale, it crosseth a water from
Arladon, and after procéedeth to Egremond, S. Iohns, and taking in
another rill from Hide, it is not long yer it méeteth with the sea.
The next fall is at Moresbie, whereof I haue no skill. From thence
therefore we cast about by saint Bees to Derwentset hauen, whose water
[Sidenote: Dargwent.]
is truelie written Dargwent or Deruent. It riseth in the hils about
Borrodale, from whence it goeth vnto the Grange, thence into a lake, in
which are certeine Ilands, and so vnto Keswijc, where it falleth into
[Sidenote: Burthméere.]
the Bure, whereof the said lake is called Bursemere, or the Burthmere
poole. In like sort the Bure or Burthmere water, rising among the hils
goeth to Tegburthesworth, Forneside, S. Iohns, and Threlcote: and there
[Sidenote: Grise.]
méeting with a water from Grisdale, by Wakethwate, called Grise, it
runneth to Burnesse, Keswijc, and there receiueth the Darwent. From
Keswijc in like sort it goeth to Thorneswate (and there making a plash)
to Armanswate, Isell, Huthwate and Cokermouth, and here it receiueth the
[Sidenote: Cokar.]
Cokar, which rising among the hils commeth by Lowsewater, Brakenthwate,
Lorton, and so to Cokarmouth towne, from whence it hasteth to Bridgeham,
and receiuing a rill called the Wire, on the south side that runneth by
Dein, it leaueth Samburne and Wirketon behind it, and entereth into the
sea.
[Sidenote: Wire.]
Leland saith that the Wire is a créeke where ships lie off at rode, and
that Wirketon or Wirkington towne dooth take his name thereof. He addeth
also that there is iron and coles, beside lead ore in Wiredale.
Neuerthelesse the water of this riuer is for the most part sore
troubled, as comming thorough a suddie or soddie more, so that little
[Sidenote: Elmus.]
good fish is said to liue therein. But to proceed. The Elme riseth in
the mines aboue Amautrée, and from Amautre goeth to Yeresbie, Harbie,
Brow, and there taking in a rill on the left hand comming by Torpennie,
it goeth to Hatton castell, Alwarbie, Birthie, Dereham, and so into the
sea. Thence we go about by the chappell at the point, and come to a baie
serued with two fresh waters, whereof one rising westward goeth by
Warton, Rabbie, Cotes, and so into the maine, taking in a rill withall
[Sidenote: Croco.]
from by south, called Croco, that commeth from Crockdale, by Bromefield.
[Sidenote: Vamus.]
The second is named Wampoole broocke, & this riseth of two heads,
whereof one is about Cardew. Thence in like sort it goeth to Thuresbie,
Croston, Owton, Gamlesbie, Wampall, the Larth, and betwéene Whiteridge
and Kirbie into the saltwater. From hence we double the Bowlnesse, and
come to an estuarie, whither thrée notable riuers doo resort, and this
is named the Solueie mouth. But of all, the first excéedeth, which is
called Eden, and whose description dooth follow here at hand.
[Sidenote: Eden.]
The Eden well fraught with samon, descendeth (as I heare) from the hils
in Athelstane moore at the foot of Hussiat Moruell hil, where Swale also
riseth, and southeast of Mallerstang forrest. From thence in like maner
it goeth to Mallerstang towne, Pendragon castell, Wharton hall, Netbie,
Hartleie castell, Kirkebie Stephan, and yer it come at great Musgrane,
[Sidenote: Helbecke.]
it receiueth thrée waters, whereof one is called Helbecke, bicause it
commeth from the Derne and Elinge mounteins by a towne of the same
[Sidenote: Bellow.]
denomination. The other is named Bellow, and descendeth from the east
mounteins by Sowarsbie, & these two on the northeast: the third falleth
from Rauenstandale, by Newbiggin, Smardale, Soulbie, Blaterne, and so
[Sidenote: Orne.]
into Eden, that goeth from thence by Warcop; and taking in the Orne
[Sidenote: Moreton.]
about Burelles on the one side, and the Morton becke on the other, it
[Sidenote: Dribecke.]
hasteth to Applebie, thence to Cowlbie, where it crosseth the Dribecke,
[Sidenote: Trowt becke.]
[Sidenote: Liuenet.]
thence to Bolton, and Kirbie, and there méeting with the Trowt becke,
and beneath the same with the Liuenet (whereinto falleth an other water
from Thurenlie méeting withall beneath Clebron) it runneth finallie into
Eden. After the confluences also the Eden passeth to Temple, and soone
[Sidenote: Milburne.]
[Sidenote: Blincorne.]
after meeting with the Milburne and Blincorne waters, in one chanell, it
runneth to Winderwarth and Hornebie, where we will staie till I haue
described the water that meeteth withall néere the aforesaid place
[Sidenote: Vlse.]
called the Vlse.
This water commeth out of a lake, which is fed with six rils, whereof
[Sidenote: Marke.]
one is called the Marke, and néere the fall thereof into the plash is a
[Sidenote: Harteshop.]
towne of the same name; the second hight Harteshop, & runneth from
[Sidenote: Paterdale.]
Harteshop hall by Depedale; the third is Paterdale rill; the fourth
[Sidenote: Roden.]
[Sidenote: Glenkguin.]
Glent Roden, the fift Glenkguin, but the sixt runneth into the said
lake, south of Towthwate. Afterward when this lake commeth toward Pole
towne, it runneth into a small chanell, & going by Barton, Dalumaine, it
taketh in a rill by the waie from Daker castell. Thence it goeth to
Stockebridge, Yoneworth, and soone after méeteth with a pretie brooke
[Sidenote: Loder.]
called Loder, comming from Thornethwate by Bauton, and héere a rill;
then by Helton, and there another; thence to Askham, Clifton, and so
ioining with the other called Vlse, they go to Brougham castell, Nine
churches, Hornebie, and so into Eden, taking in a rill (as it goeth)
that commeth downe from Pencath. Being past Hornebie, our Eden runneth
to Langunbie, and soone after receiuing a rill that commeth from two
heads, and ioining beneath Wingsell, it hasteth to Lasenbie, then to
Kirke Oswald (on ech side whereof commeth in a rill from by east) thence
to Nonneie, and there a rill, Anstable, Cotehill, Corbie castell,
Wetherall, Newbie: where I will staie, till I haue described the Irding,
and such waters as fall into the same before I go to Carleill.
[Sidenote: Irding.]
The Irding ariseth in a moore in the borders of Tindale, néere vnto
[Sidenote: Terne.]
Horsse head crag, where it is called Terne becke; vntill it come to
Spicrag hill, that diuideth Northumberland and Gillesland in sunder,
from whence it is named Irding. Being therfore come to Ouerhall, it
[Sidenote: Pultrose.]
receiueth the Pultrose becke, by east, and thence goeth on to
Ouerdenton, Netherdenton, Leuercost, and Castelstead, where it taketh in
[Sidenote: Cambocke.]
the Cambocke, that runneth by Kirke Cambocke, Askerton castell, Walton,
and so into Irding, which goeth from thence to Irdington, Newbie, & so
into Eden. But a little before it come there, it crosseth with the
[Sidenote: Gillie.]
Gillie that commeth by Tankin, and soone after falleth into it. After
these confluences, our Eden goeth to Linstocke castell, (and here it
interteineth a brooke, comming from Cotehill ward by Aglionbie) and then
vnto Carleill, which is now almost inuironed with foure waters.
[Sidenote: Pedar aliàs Logus.]
For beside the Eden it receiueth the Peder, which Leland calleth Logus
from southeast. This Peder riseth in the hils southwest of Penruddocke,
from whence it goeth to Penruddocke, then to Grastocke castell,
Cateleie, and Kenderside hall, and then taking in a water from Vnthanke,
it goeth to Cathwade, Pettrelwaie, Newbiggin, Carleton, and so into
[Sidenote: Bruferth.]
Eden, northeast of Carleill. But on the north side the Bruferth brooke
dooth swiftlie make his entrance, running by Leuerdale, Scalbie castell,
and Housedon; as I am informed. The third is named Candan (if not Deua
after Leland) which rising about the Skidlow hils, runneth to Mosedale,
Caldbecke, Warnell, Saberham, Rose castell, Dawston, Brounston,
Harrington, and west of Carleill falleth into Eden, which going from
thence by Grimsdale, Kirke Andros, Beaumont, falleth into the sea
beneath the Rowcliffe castell. And thus much of the Eden, which Leland
neuerthelesse describeth after another sort, whose words I will not let
to set downe here in this place, as I find them in his commentaries.