[1] Odyss. XII. 395.
[2] “I see not how this that is included within these marks [ ] agreeth
with this place, or matter in hand: I suppose therefore it is inserted
heere without judgement, and taken out of some other booke.”—HOLLAND.
[3] See Mullach, Fragm. Philos. p. 325 (No. 73).
[4] Odyss. X. 284.
[5] Eurip. Cresphontes, Frag. 457.
[6] Concerning Ideas, according to the MSS. (G.)
[7] Theopompus was Archon in B.C. 411. (G.)
[8] The corrupt clause indicated by ... probably means, that the
Demarchs were to make inventories (ἀποφῆναι) of the traitors’ estates.
(G.)
[9] B.C. 459.
[10] B.C. 444.
[11] B.C. 413.
[12] B.C. 486
[13] B.C. 338.
[14] B.C. 369-342.
[15] The Greek text is corrupt; but it is evident that the author
confounds the Phocian war, which ended in 346 B.C., with the Amphissian
war of 339 B.C. The next sentence shows the same mistake. (G.)
[16] See Demosthenes on the Crown, p. 271, 27.
[17] This is one of the statements which seem to fix the number of
Athenian citizens in the age of the Orators at about 20,000. See
Boeckh’s Public Economy of the Athenians, I. Book 1, chap. 7. (G.)
[18] Aristoph. Birds, 1296.
[19] B.C. 364.
[20] This name was properly pronounced with the accent on the last
syllable, Ἀσκληπιός. (G.)
[21] B.C. 385-384 to 349-348.
[22] B.C. 348-347.
[23] B.C. 368-362.
[24] B.C. 280
[25] This is supposed to have been added by some other hand, because a
contrary sentence is given of him before.
[26] See Demosthenes on the Crown, p. 221, 27.
[27] B.C. 307.
[28] B.C. 269.
[29] B.C. 307.
[30] Persons who carried baskets, or panniers, on their heads, of
sacred things.
[31] Thuc. II. 44.
[32] Soph. Oed. Colon. 668.
[33] Eurip. Aeolus, Frag. 28.
[34] Sophocles, Frag. 779.
[35] Eurip. Orestes, 258.
[36] Il. VIII. 453.
[37] Il. XIX. 165.
[38] Il. II. 53.
[39] Il. II. 372.
[40] Eurip Antiope, Frag. 220.
[41] Sophocles, Frag. 779.
[42] Il. XVI. 9.
[43] Il. XXII. 71.
[44] Il. IX. 55.
[45] Il. IX. 443.
[46] Il. IX. 55.
[47] Il. IX. 443.
[48] Il. IX. 441.
[49] See Od. VII. 165.
[50] Eurip. Frag. 977 and 442.
[51] Od. II. 69.
[52] Thuc. II. 65.
[53] The son of Melesias, not the historian. (G.)
[54] So he called the little island Aegina.
[55] Eurip. Autolycus, Frag. 284, vs. 22.
[56] A brook near Athens, the waters of which fell with an
extraordinary noise. Aristoph. Eq. 137.
[57] Pind. Olymp. VI. 4.
[58] From whence they set forth to run.
[59] See Odyss. X. 495.
[60] Aristoph. Pac. 756.
[61] See Aristoph. Eq. 1099.
[62] Eurip. Bellerophon, Frag. 311.
[63] Il. X. 242.
[64] Il. X. 558.
[65] Il. XVII. 171.
[66] Il. VII. 358.
[67] Il. V. 800.
[68] See Il. XVII. 156.
[69] See Il. IV. 223.
[70] Il. IV. 415.
[71] Xen. Anab. III. 1, 4.
[72] Probably a mistake for _Nabis_. See Plutarch’s Life of
Philopoemen, § 12. (G.)
[73] Odyss. V. 350.
[74] See Il. XIX. 404.
[75] Il. IV. 130.
[76] Hesiod, Works and Days, 235.
[77] Eurip. Hippol. 218.
[78] Hesiod, Works and Days, 275.
[79] In the lost tragedy, Prometheus Unbound, Frag. 188 (Nauck). (G.)
[80] See Odyss. XII. 116.
[81] Il. V. 85.
[82] Hesiod, Works and Days, 525.
[83] Il. XVI. 34.
[84] Odyss. XIV. 30.
[85] Fragment 38.
[86] History of Animals, IV. 9, 19.
[87] Il XXIV. 80.
[88] κέρας.
[89] That is, by joining hands and sweeping across an island. See the
description in Herod. VI. 31, and σαγηνεύω in Liddell and Scott. (G.)
[90] See Il. V. 487.
[91] Theognis, vs. 215.
[92] Il. XVI. 407.
[93] Il. IX. 56. See above, chap. 13.
[94] It seems incredible that Plutarch could have put this into the
mouth of Gryllus, even by carelessness. (G.)
[95] See the account of various ancient doctrines of vision and the
reflection of light in the treatise on the Opinions of Philosophers,
Book IV. Chapters 13 and 14. The idea that vision was caused by
something proceeding from the eye to the object is especially to be
noticed. (G.)
[96] The text in this passage is defective, and the sense chiefly
conjectural. (G.)
[97] Aesch. Prom. 349.
[98] Here again the text is defective, and the sense conjectural. (G.)
[99] Il. IX. 212.
[100] Otus and Ephialtes.
[101] See Il. XIV. 246. The second of these verses is not found in the
present text of the Iliad, but was probably defended by Crates against
Aristarchus. (G.)
[102] Hesiod, Works and Days, 41.
[103] Il. XX. 65.
[104] Il. VIII. 16.
[105] Odyss. VII. 244.
[106] Odyss. IV. 563.
[107] Odyss. XI. 221.
[108] Odyss. XI. 601.
[109] “This little Treatise is so pitiously torne, maimed, and
dismembred thorowout, that a man may sooner divine and guess thereat
(as I have done) than translate it. I beseech the readers therefore, to
hold me excused, in case I neither please my selfe, nor content them,
in that which I have written.”—HOLLAND.
[110] See Plato, Phaedrus, p. 248 C; Timaeus, p. 41 E; Republic, X. p.
617 D.
[111] Plato, Tim. p. 39 D.
[112] This is the whole passage from Plato’s Phaedrus, p. 248 C, of
which part is quoted in § 1. (G.)
[113] Plato, Phaedo, p. 58 A.
[114] Plato, Timaeus, p. 29 D.
[115] Plato, Timaeus, p. 41 D.
[116] Plato, Timaeus, p. 42 D.
[117] Plato, Laws, IX. p. 875 C.
[118] Plato, Theages, p. 129 E.
[119] Odyss. IX. 44.
[120] Il. XVI. 649.
[121] Pind. Isthm. IV. 112.
[122] Odyss. V. 469.
[123] Pindar, Olymp. I. 1.
[124] Hesiod, Theog. 116.
[125] See Plato, Phaed. p. 69 C, and Stallbaum’s note. Here the
proverb occurs,—Ναρθηκοφόροι μὲν πολλοὶ, Βάκχοι δέ τε παῦροι, _the
thyrsus-bearers are many, but the true priests of Bacchus are few_. (G.)
[126] Il. VII. 182; X. 243.
[127] Euripides Frag. 1071.
[128] The text is corrupt here. (G.)
[129] Il. XVIII. 585.
[130] Plato, Phaedrus, p. 230 A.
[131] Il. XX. 250.
[132] Eurip. Iph. Taur. 289.
[133] Eurip. Orest. 258.
[134] See Il. XXII. 126.
[135] See Il. V. 646; XXIII. 71.
[136] Herod. III. 82.
[137] Il. II. 547.
[138] The text of several lines which follow here is hopelessly
corrupt, but it is evident that Plutarch refers to the description in
Thucyd. VII. 71. (G.)
[139] Thucyd. V. 73.
[140] Odyss. XIX. 208.
[141] Aristophanes, Frogs, 354.
[142] I follow Baehr’s emendation (or rather substitution) ἐνίκα for
συνῆν, which is demanded by the obvious sense of the whole passage. (G.)
[143] See Aeschines against Ctesiphon, § 146.
[144] Demosthenes on the Crown, p. 297, 11.
[145] Plato, Laws, VIII. p. 844 B.
[146] Odyss. XI. 578.
[147] Il. I. 154.
[148] Odyss. V. 439.
[149] Odyss. V. 291, 295.
[150] See Plato, Theaet. p. 149 B.
[151] Theaet. p. 151 C.
[152] Theognis, vs. 432.
[153] Plato, Timaeus, p. 28 C.
[154] Phaedrus, p. 261 A.
[155] Republic, VI. pp. 509 D-511 E.
[156] See Plato’s Symposium, p. 210 D.
[157] See Timaeus, pp. 53-56.
[158] Triangular numbers are those of which equilateral triangles can
be formed in this way:—
[Illustration]
Such are 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, &c.; that is, numbers formed by
adding the digits in regular order. (G.)
[159] See Phaedrus, p. 246 D.
[160] See Timaeus, pp. 79-81.
[161] See Timaeus, p. 42 D.
[162] See Aristotle on the Soul, II. 1, with Trendelenburg’s note. (G.)
[163] Plato, Republic, VI. pp. 508, 509.
[164] Euripides, Troad. 887.
[165] See Republic, IV. p. 448 D.
[166] Il. XI. 64.
[167] Plato’s Sophist, p. 262 A.
[168] Il. I. 185.
[169] Odyss. XXIII. 183; VIII. 408.
[170] Il. XIV. 459.
[171] Il. XX. 147.
[172] Il. XVIII. 536.
[173] Demosthenes against Midias, p. 537, 25, and p. 578, 29.
[174] It seems impossible to believe this treatise to be the work
of Plutarch, and equally impossible to believe it to be the work of
any full-grown man of sound mind. In this case, and in that of the
next treatise, no satisfaction is gained by merely supposing the work
spurious. One of these Parallel Histories is usually a well-known
story, and the other is an absurd imitation of it. An instance may be
seen in section 12, where the common story of Manlius Torquatus and his
son is matched by an absurd one of Epaminondas and his son; on which
Wyttenbach remarks: “Romanum constat: Graecum non modo ementitum, sed
stulte ementitum.” We might almost suspect that many of them are some
school-boy’s compositions, half historical, and half imitations of
well-known stories fortified by imaginary authorities. Is it possible
that this school-boy can have been Plutarch himself? (G.)
[175] A very slight inspection of this strange treatise will convince
the reader that it is justly placed among the Pseudoplutarchea. It
is reprinted here merely because it was included in the original
translation. (G.)
[176] Whence probably our English word _down_.