FORTIFYING THE LEGATIONS
“Now, Sandwich, tell me what have been the events here so far.”
“Well, things have been gradually getting worse since you went away.
It is difficult to say what was the first act of violence, but on
the ninth the Boxers burst into the pavilion on the race–course and
threatened some of the students, one of whom, in order to get away,
had to shoot a man with his revolver. On the tenth the Summer Palace
of the Legation, on the hills, was burnt, and since then it has been
impossible to go beyond the town. By the evening of the eleventh all
the whites in the city were gathered at the various Legations, but
the streets were still crowded with people, and business went on
as usual within this quarter. The Chinese teachers in the British
Legation, however, all struck, the coolies began to desert, and some
property belonging to the Roman Catholics was looted. This morning
the outlook was still more threatening. Mysterious marks appeared on
the doors. A party of Germans and Italians raided a temple where the
Boxers were said to be drilling, but they only captured a few weapons
and a quantity of the red cord which the Boxers use as girdles. This
afternoon things looked still more serious. Two of the Legation
servants were cut down while shopping, and orders were given to clear
the streets. In a short time all the shops were shut and the crowd
cleared out. If you had arrived yesterday you would have witnessed the
usual bustle instead of empty streets. Later on there was a fire in
the streets, and the marines turned out, but it proved to be the French
clearing the street near their Legation. At night there were fires in
many parts—the American Mission, the Eastern Roman Catholic Cathedral,
and the Presbyterian Mission were all in flames, and to the east there
must have been half a square mile of shops in flames. All through the
evening we heard firing in the city.
“Still later a large party of Boxers, carrying torches, moved down
towards the Austrian Legation. A machine–gun mounted on the wall was
in readiness for them, and when they came within a hundred and fifty
yards it opened fire. The torches were immediately dropped and the
Boxers bolted. The Austrians turned out to pick up the dead, whom
they expected to find strewn in the street, but not a single one was
seen, and it was discovered next morning that the bullets had cut some
telegraph wires where they crossed the street nearly thirty feet above
the level. Of course we had a good deal of laughing about it this
morning, but it was a very unlucky affair. Had the machine–gun been
well aimed it would have done great execution, for the Boxers were all
crowded together, and it would have been a very valuable lesson. As it
was, however, it only confirmed the Boxers in their belief in their
invulnerability.
“This morning we heard that the South Cathedral was on fire. That takes
you up to the present time. Oh, by the way, we hear that the tower over
one of the gates has been burnt.”
“What is the actual line we hold?”
“Well, at present it goes from the Tartar wall to the Imperial wall by
the side of the French Legation and the customs–house, and runs from
the north bridge along by the side of our Legation across some houses
to the Russian Legation, and then by the side of that across Legation
Street to the Tartar wall. The Americans and Russians defend the
west corner, the Germans and French the southeast, the Austrians the
northeast, and the British the north–west. Of course the thing is only
beginning yet, and there has been no organized attack, but no doubt we
shall have plenty of it before long.”
“What are the Chinese authorities doing?”
“They occupy themselves principally in encouraging the Boxers in every
way, and in the next place in sending in assurances to the ambassadors
that everything is perfectly peaceful and that they need be under no
uneasiness whatever. At the same time Prince Tuan, the head and patron
of the Boxers, has been appointed to the head of the Tsung–li–yamen,
which is equivalent, you know, to our ministry. Several of the moderate
members, moreover, have been turned out of it, and their places filled
by creatures of Tuan. I really wonder that they think it worth while to
keep up the farce of friendliness.”
“Ah! there is the dinner–bell. At any rate we can for the present enjoy
our meals; we may not have much to enjoy in that way presently.”
They had scarcely sat down when there was an outbreak of musketry fire
and a call for reinforcements. All had brought their rifles into the
room with them, and, catching these up, they ran out. The fight was
over, however, before they got to the scene. It was upon the north
bridge that the sentries had been firing. A party of Boxers had come
down from that direction, and after a volley had been poured into
them, had charged, but had fallen back on receiving another, leaving
two of their number dead upon the ground. Two wounded also were taken
prisoners.
During the night they were several times aroused by the sounds of
volley–firing, but as these were not followed up, no one stirred. They
learned in the morning, however, that the Boxers had come down from all
the various roads leading to the Legations, but had retired on finding
that they were strongly guarded.
The next morning the Boxers started a number of large fires in the
west, and as reports came in of the massacres of Christians in that
quarter, Dr. Morrison, the _Times_ correspondent, got together a relief
party, who went out and brought in a large convoy of refugees, and
terrible tales of the scenes of slaughter that they had witnessed.
So far the Ministers had done nothing to save these unfortunate people,
being apparently afraid of giving the Chinese Government the excuse
for declaring war against them for their interference between the
different classes of their subjects, and for the present, though they
were protected, they were given no rations, and were dependent entirely
on what small supplies they brought in with them, or the charity of
the merchants and traders. Later in the siege, however, they rendered
invaluable service, and it was to their zealous labour that the safety
of the Legations was finally due. They were housed in Prince Suʼs
palace, which was generally called the Fu, and their occupation of
this was in itself of immense service, as the artificial hills in its
grounds commanded the east walls of the British Legation, and covered
the Japanese and French Legations from the artillery fire in their rear.
After breakfast Rex, Sandwich, and several other student interpreters
went round the whole line of defence. The barricades were extremely
weak and only calculated to check for a moment the rush of the enemy;
they consisted merely of Chinese carts turned on their sides across the
road. Beyond, however, the quiet and deserted streets spoke eloquently
of the threatened danger. Sentries were thrown out well along these,
and within that range a few of the European shops kept their doors
open, and officers and servants of the Legations went out and bought
provisions. No great effort had been made to gather in stores, as the
general conviction was that Admiral Seymourʼs column would soon be up.
The next day a fire was started near the tower known as the Chien Mên,
the great gate leading into the Chinese city. It began in a shop which
did a great sale in foreign medicines, and spread rapidly. The people
worked hard to carry off their property to a place of safety, and for
the most part conveyed it through the gate and stowed it away in a moat
which was at that time dry. The whole quarter was soon in flames, and
frequent explosions were heard as the flames reached the shops stored
with petroleum and fireworks. The conflagration raged all day. Towards
five oʼclock the fire spread to two small arcades running through the
gates, and the wooden shops blazed up furiously. The flames ultimately
reached the beams supporting the roof of the tower, and in a short time
the whole edifice was in flames, presenting a splendid spectacle.
Rex spent the greater part of the day watching the fire, and brought
his cousins out to look at it.
“Why should the Chinese wish to burn their own town?” Mabel asked.
“Simply because they are savage brutes. It is perfectly astounding that
all these quiet patient shopkeepers do not fall upon the Boxers and
smash them up. I should say that millions of pounds worth of damage has
been done already, for all the principal trading quarters have been
destroyed. One can understand the people looking on placidly while the
European buildings are burnt, but when it comes to their own houses one
would have thought that the most peaceful and quiet people would be
excited to madness and would attack with fury the scoundrels who are
doing all this damage. I think they would anywhere else in the world.
I cannot see what the Boxers expect to gain by it. At present they
are practically doing nothing against us, and are simply destroying
the property of their own people. In one respect they are absolutely
benefiting us, for they are making a great clearance round our lines,
and are thereby adding to our power of defence; for however brave the
Boxers may be they will hardly face our rifles across that open space.”
All this time the attitude of the Chinese soldiers was friendly. Those
on guard at the Chien Mên did not interfere with parties of sight–seers
who went out there. Occasionally they were seen to fire at the Boxers,
and although there were one or two affrays with them these were brought
on by the recklessness of the Russians and Germans, who fired upon them
without any reason.
The next morning Rex saw a party of marines with a few civilians going
out of the gate, and hearing that they were to attack a temple in which
the Boxers were torturing some Christians, he called to Ah Lo and
followed them. The building lay a little to the north of the Austrian
Legation. They surrounded the place and effected an entrance, when they
found that the Boxers, having fastened their captives to the walls,
were performing incantations preparatory to murdering them. They opened
fire at once. The Boxers made desperate attempts to escape, but as they
were hemmed in on all sides, every one of them was shot, and their
captives were then released and brought into the Legations.
The Russians were that day busy in pulling down some houses which lay
near their Legation. At present the British authorities were still
in doubt, and although there were many houses near which would have
constituted a great danger to the defence had they been fired, no
attempt was made to imitate the example of the Russians.
“The apathy that our people display is perfectly astounding,” Rex said
that evening as the students were chatting together. “Everyone else, as
far as I see, is conscious of the tremendous danger, and yet Ministers
allow themselves to be continually humbugged by the Empress and her
advisers. They really seem to be inviting disaster.”
“It certainly is remarkable,” Sandwich said. “We shall be lucky indeed
if we donʼt suffer for it. Even in the matter of provisions their
negligence is astonishing. If we had set to work at once when the
danger began we could have brought in all the stores within a quarter
of a mile round and should have been in a position to carry on the
siege for three months. As it is we are little more than living from
hand to mouth, and if the streets round us were burned, as those by
the Chien Mên gate were, we should not have ten daysʼ provisions left
in the place. I do hope that the Boxers will make so earnest an attack
that the big–wigs can no longer close their eyes to the danger of the
situation. Of course it is heresy for us to say so, but it is what
every man here, outside the official circle, thinks.”
“Yes,” another said. “I have no objection to any amount of fighting,
but I do object to fight on an empty stomach when there is no reason
whatever why we should be fasting. I suppose your cousins are all
right, Bateman?”
“Yes, they are quite recovered and are ready for anything—to load as
we fire, or to exist on a dry crust. You know how they have suffered at
the hands of the Boxers, and they will go through anything to see them
routed.”
“Well, there is one comfort,” another put in, “when the Boxers
do attack us in force there can be no more shilly–shallying. The
ambassadors must see then that we have to stand a siege, and will
have to make an effort to get some provisions in. I have not a shadow
of fear that we shall not be able to beat off the Boxers and regular
troops too, but I am afraid of hunger.”
“So am I,” Rex agreed. “Two ounces of bread and a drink of water is a
very poor regime to fight on. Thank goodness we have plenty of wells in
the Legations, and shall not have thirst to fight against; but water
pure and simple is a pretty poor diet.”
Sunday the seventeenth passed quietly, except that there was a fight
between the Germans and the Chinese regular troops, for which the
former were to blame. The next day a courier arrived from Tientsin
with the news that the Roman Catholic Cathedral there had been burnt
down. No news had come of the relief force, and there was a general
feeling of disquietude concerning it. On Tuesday a man who had been
sent off with letters to Tientsin returned, saying that he had been
unable to make his way through. The day passed tranquilly; everyone
was still discussing the expected arrival of the admiral, and fears
began to be entertained for the first time that he might fail to reach
Pekin, or that, even if he did, he might not be able to fight his way
out again, cumbered as he would be by the non–combatants from all the
Legations. The barricades, however, were being gradually strengthened,
and supplies could still be bought from the shops round them.
As evening approached it was reported that the Ministers were about to
hold a council, and it leaked out that an ultimatum had been received
from the Tsung–li–yamen, calling upon them to leave the city the next
day, as the allies had threatened to take the Taku Forts. The question
was discussed at the gathering, and the feeling was unanimously against
going. All felt that no confidence whatever could be placed in any
undertaking the Chinese might give to protect the convoy on its way
down. If they were to decide on retiring they would require a large
number of carts to carry food, for they could not possibly now desert
the native Christians, and with only six or seven hundred men to
protect the long line, it was morally certain that the whole would be
massacred on the way down. The council agreed, therefore, that it was
better for the Europeans to stay and defend themselves to the last than
to place the smallest confidence in the sincerity of the Chinese or
their promises of an escort.
There was a general feeling of relief throughout the Legations when it
became known that the Ministers had answered guardedly. Their reply,
indeed, was simply an enquiry as to what amount of transport would be
supplied, and what would be the strength of the escort. They were not
aware that Admiral Seymour was retreating at the time, and that the
Taku Forts had been already captured.
The next morning the Ministers met again. No message had been received
from the yamen, and the German Minister set out with only his secretary
and a couple of Chinese servants to go to the yamen and ask for their
reply. On the way he was attacked and killed, and his secretary was
wounded. Although the loss of life was to be regretted, the affair
was in one respect a most fortunate one, for it showed the Ministers
how critical their position was. It was clear now that if the life of
one of the Ministers on his way to the courts was not respected, even
the most timid could no longer place the smallest confidence in the
promises of the Empress and her counsellors. The situation was at once
changed. There was no longer any hesitation, no longer any feeble hope
in the promises of the Chinese Ministers; there was nothing to do but
to fight, and at once the apathy that had come over the Legations was
at an end. Nothing was thought of but defence.
The whole strength of the Legations was now employed in building strong
barricades and in collecting stores. The first was important, the
second even more so. Those searching for stores met with unexpected
good luck. Two of the three foreign stores lay within the line of
defence, and all the provisions in the third were speedily brought
in. The searchers came upon a large wheat–shop crammed with grain, a
large store of fodder was found within the line, and in many other
shops large or small stores of provisions and eatables were discovered
and secured. A store of coal was also discovered, and all through
the day provisions were brought in in carts or by hand. From all
the other Legations the people began to pour in, as it was decided
that the British Legation was the most defensible, and must be the
rallying–place. This building presented a wonderful scene of confusion.
Ministers, their secretaries and servants, civilians, sisters from the
mission, a few European traders and merchants all mingled together,
talking in half a dozen languages.
The American mission brought in with them one thousand seven hundred
Christians, who were placed in the Fu; seventy missionaries were
encamped in the little chapel; the Legation students moved their beds
into their mess–room, and gave up their quarters to the visitors;
the second secretaryʼs house was given up to the Russians, and the
doctorʼs to the Americans. Every room in the Legations was closely
packed, and many took up their quarters under the numerous verandas.
Four American ladies were lodged in the room hitherto occupied by Rexʼs
cousins, and the girls were greatly interested in the crowd and bustle,
which was all novel and strange to them after their quiet life in the
mission–house at Chafui. The ball–room of the Ministerʼs house was
given up to the ladies, and their beds were so closely packed that it
resembled a great hospital. The military officials were encamped in
tents, while many others were prepared to sleep in the open air. Boxes,
bundles, and bales were piled and scattered everywhere. Some people,
while working actively, laughed and joked, others sat disconsolate and
miserable. All the unemployed men at the Legation worked hard helping
the immigrants and trying to effect a semblance of order.
Four oʼclock was the hour at which the ultimatum expired, and exactly
at that hour firing began, and one man was killed and another wounded.
The artillery available for the defence was absurdly small; the
Italians had a one–pounder, the Americans a Colt, the Austrians a
machine–gun, and the British an old Nordenfeldt, which could not be
relied upon to fire a half dozen shots without jamming. The supply of
rifle ammunition was also exceedingly meagre; the Japanese had but
one hundred rounds apiece, the Italians one hundred and twenty, the
Russians one hundred and forty–five, while the French, Germans, and
British had from this up to three hundred.
In the course of the afternoon the marines had captured and driven
in small flocks of sheep and three or four cows. The garrison had,
however, to depend for meat principally upon the ponies and mules
belonging to the officers of the various Legations and the merchants
and missionaries. Of these upwards of one hundred and fifty were tied
up in various parts of the Legation. In other respects the provisions
that had been collected—wheat and rice, groceries of all sorts, wines
and spirits—were sufficient to supply the whole occupants of the
Legations for a considerable time.
Now that the suspense was at an end and they knew what was before
them, all went about their work with brightened faces and an air of
energy and determination that had for weeks been wanting. If a stranger
had looked in upon them he would hardly have guessed that the die
had just been cast and that the issue was battle, and battle against
overpowering odds. All were ready to meet the worst.
Directly after the first outburst of firing it was reported that the
Austrians had, for no apparent reason, abandoned their Legation without
an attempt at defence. Though within the line of defence, the Austrian
Legation was a separate outpost; but its abandonment necessitated the
withdrawal of men from the customs–house, which lay behind it, and was
a strong and well–constructed building. All the customs staff were
therefore ordered to retire to the British Legation, and at the same
time the British advance post on the north bridge across the canal
between our Legation and the Fu had to be called in. All this caused
the day which had been so bright and hopeful to end with a feeling of
depression.
Rex had been busy all day bringing in and piling stores and turning his
hand to work of all kinds. In the evening he went in and had a chat
with the girls.
“We are all glad,” he said, “that it has been settled at last that
we are to stay here and fight. The murder of the German Minister was
the very best thing that could happen to us, for it opened the eyes
of all the others, and showed them that the Chinese were, as everyone
else knew, wholly untrustworthy. We really were afraid yesterday that
the Ministers would accept the Chinese offer to send an escort down
with us. If they had done so, it is absolutely certain that none of
us would ever have reached Tientsin. As it is, we all believe that we
can hold out for a month at least, and perhaps a good bit longer. You
may be sure that every nation will spare no effort to gather a force
sufficient for our relief.
“It is a pity that we have not a better stock of ammunition. If there
is fighting every day, three hundred rounds, which is all the most
fully–supplied have got, will not go very far, and ammunition is a
thing we cannot manufacture. I doubt, however, whether the Chinese
will attack us in earnest, and I am certain that if they do, we shall
repulse them as long as ammunition holds out, and even after that we
shall make a pretty stiff fight with the bayonets and other weapons. At
any rate, girls, it will be a long while before I have to tell you to
put on your native dresses again, and before I begin to look out for
some quiet spot on the walls where I can let you down when the defence
is finally over.”
“If the worst comes to the worst,” said Jenny, “I have no doubt you
will rescue us somehow. We have absolute faith in you and Ah Lo. I
shall do whatever you tell us without hesitation.”
“You may be sure that I shall leave nothing undone to secure your
safety, but we wonʼt think of that for a long time yet.”
Next day it was found that the Belgian embassy had been burnt down
in the night. As it was some distance from the rest, however, the
destruction was of no consequence. It was now decided that the
semicircular barricade in front of the entrance to the Legation should
be strengthened and the Nordenfeldt placed upon it in such a position
as to command the roads by the side of the canal to the north bridge.
To enable the gun to do its work properly, however, it was necessary
that a line of young trees by the side of the canal should be cut down.
This was a particularly dangerous operation, for a party of Boxers had
established themselves behind the bridge, and were ready to pick off
anyone who approached the trees. The Japanese, however, had built a
brick bar across the road on their side of the canal, and the guard
there managed to some extent to keep down the fire of the Boxers, while
the man who had volunteered to cut down the trees bravely proceeded to
carry out this work. He was a powerful man, and refused all assistance.
He accomplished his task without being hit, though he several times had
marvellous escapes; but unfortunately, two days later, he was killed
while engaged on similar service at another point.
By this time things were settling down a little in the British
Legation, where nearly the whole of the fugitives from outside and the
members of the other Legations were assembled. A general committee was
organized, at the head of which were several very energetic civilians.
This was divided into several sub–committees, each charged with a
particular class of work. Some attended to the sanitary arrangements,
others to the more equitable distribution of the available space;
some undertook the commissariat arrangements, others the maintaining
of the barricades. All the ladies in the Legation were now employed
in sewing sand–bags. The available canvas was speedily used up, and
other materials had to be impressed: sheets, curtains, and hangings of
all kinds, table–linen, old dresses, pillow–cases, and in fact every
article that could possibly be applied for such a purpose. Parties of
coolies opened a road through the south wall of the British Legation
and the intervening houses into the lane at the back of the Russian
Legation, so that the Americans and Russians could have easy access to
the British Legation, and could retire into it if unable to maintain
themselves.
A party of volunteers set to work, and built a brick wall in
place of the wooden balustrade on the upper veranda of the First
Secretaryʼs house. This was a large building, and offered a fine mark
to the Chinese on the Tartar wall, who had indeed rendered it quite
uninhabitable.
The bell–tower of the Legation was now made the head–quarters of the
municipal government. Here the names of the members of the committees
were posted, and all therefore knew to whom they could apply for any
sort of work for which they were fitted. Notices were also posted
containing scraps of news, translations of edicts, etc. This spot,
therefore, became the general rendezvous. The tower stood at the
junction of four roads, all shaded with trees, and was only once struck
during the siege.
Rex was at work from morning till night, now carrying sand–bags, or
building entrenchments, now distributing food, or taking his place with
Ah Lo at some point which the Chinese were attacking and endeavouring
to drive them off. Whatever he did Ah Lo was by his side, and the
Chinamanʼs great strength was invariably of considerable value.
One of the greatest privations which the besieged suffered at first
was want of water. The Legation was amply supplied for ordinary wants,
but it was feared that the immense extra demand would cause the wells
to run short. Happily the rains were very heavy, and when it was
found that the level of the water was maintained, the regulations as
to supply became less stringent, and though little could be had for
washing there was no lack of drinking water.
The hospital was one of the first things organized. At present the
number of wounded and sick was small, but it was certain to increase
rapidly. At the head was Dr. Poole of the British Legation, and Dr.
Velde of the German. There were two or three lady doctors who had
come in with the missionaries, a few regular nurses, and any number
of volunteers. At present, however, there was small need for their
services, as there were but five or six invalids to be attended to.
On the twenty–second there was a terrible alarm, for the guards of all
the other Legations poured in suddenly. As the attack had not seemed to
be specially severe, this for a time was unaccountable, but it appeared
that the retiral had been made by order of Captain Thomann, the senior
officer. The Ministers hastily met; Sir Claude Macdonald was appointed
to the chief command, and orders were at once issued for the guards
to return immediately to their posts. Had the Chinese known that the
Legations had all been abandoned they could have occupied them without
resistance, and the result would have been a terrible disaster.
On that day the besieged learned that one of their greatest dangers was
fire. At three points the British Legation was particularly exposed
to this danger. On the north the Hanlin Academy, which contained a
magnificent collection of Chinese manuscripts, many of great age,
was separated from the wall of the Legation where the stables were
situated, and the out–buildings of the Ministerʼs house, by a narrow
lane only a few feet wide. Behind the Chinese secretaryʼs house, which
adjoined the wall, were several native buildings, while the southeast
corner of the Legation was threatened in a similar way. These houses
were all built in quadrangular form, and the central courtyard was
covered in summer by a mat roof. At five oʼclock in the afternoon the
Boxers fired one of these sheds. The flames leapt up fiercely, and the
secretaryʼs house became at once involved. There was a general rush
to the spot, and men dashed into the kitchens and outhouses adjoining
the wall and began to strip down all the woodwork, and to carry
out everything portable, the Chinese meanwhile keeping upon them a
harassing fire from every available point.
The moment the work was done and the danger over, volunteers hurried
off to demolish the buildings adjoining the south stables, and, working
far into the night, succeeded in doing so. It was not thought that any
real danger could arise from the Hanlin, which was considered sacred
by the Chinese, as it was full of memorial and literary tablets. It
contained the finest library in the empire, and was the repository of
the state records. At the same time it was thought prudent to open a
passage through the lane into the building in order to prevent its
being occupied by the Chinese.
Captain Poole called upon Rex and a few others to join him in the work.
They had only just begun when someone ran up to them with the news
that smoke was issuing from the building. They worked desperately. The
danger was great, for a strong wind was blowing. A body of marines was
at once called up, and a hole having been knocked through the wall of
the building they poured in. Fighting sharply they drove the Boxers
from the building, and then endeavoured to extinguish the fire, but in
vain. All then set to work to prevent the fire from spreading to the
buildings of the Legation. Water was brought up, buildings demolished,
trees cut down. Fortunately the wind at this moment fell, and although
the backs of the outhouses and stables were charred and blackened, they
did not catch fire. The great hall was occupied as soon as the fire
burnt down, and a wall having been built to cut off from the ruins, it
was held till the end of the siege. Thus the efforts of the Chinese to
bring about the destruction of the besieged only left them stronger
than before.
While the inmates of the British Legation had been thus occupied, other
fires were raging, one near the French and another near the American
Legation. At the latter the Russo–Chinese Bank was fired, and the
Americans, aided by Chinese Christians, had desperate work to save the
Legation. All the houses in Legation Street, from this point to the
Chien Mên, were destroyed.
All next day firing was maintained heavily from every possible point.
The Boxers kept up a continuous fire, to which our men replied but
slowly, as the orders against waste of ammunition were very stringent,
everyone being forbidden to fire unless he could clearly see his man.
On this day the Chinese began shell–fire with the gun that they had
mounted at the Chien Mên. The American Legation was struck once, the
German several times, but for the most part the shells flew overhead.
As it was evident that if the Chinese planted guns on the Tartar wall
they would command the whole of the Legations, the Americans and
Germans, who were nearest to the wall, went out to seize it. They
were very stoutly opposed, but they advanced steadily, firing volleys
which effected terrible destruction among the Chinese gathered there,
and pushed on until they came to a barricade on which two guns were
mounted in a position too strong to be attacked by so small a force.
They occupied the wall, however, along the whole line fronting the two
Legations, erected a barricade on it behind the American Legation, and
another beyond the German Legation. In order to accomplish this they
made such a demand for sand–bags that the bell which was ringing for
service, for it was Sunday, was stopped and everyone set to work to
make them. Just as the work began the alarm–bell rang out. A fire had
broken out near the south stables. Some of the houses at this point had
been destroyed two days before, but many were still standing. There
was a large house in the stable–yard. This had originally been built
for the use of the escort, but had been handed over to the consular
students, who, having grown too numerous for the accommodation, were in
their turn superseded by the missionaries. The missionaries, however,
had occupied it but a short time, as the upper stories had been handed
over to the marine guard. It was a dangerous position, for near it was
situated a market known as the Mongol Market, and from the houses on
the opposite side of this the enemy kept up a constant fire.
To the left of the escort house was a gate in the wall leading to the
market, which was principally used for the sale of firewood and fodder.
From this gate the houses extended along the wall as far as the Temple,
which had been pulled down a few days before. The enemy set fire to
these houses, but it was round the wall that the battle was serious.
The enemy had advanced close to the walls, and, setting up their flag
there, poured a continuous stream of bullets into the burning house,
and especially against the door. Had this fallen they would have been
able to fire straight into the yard. Volunteers rushed up and began to
pull down the stables nearest to the door, and to build up a wall some
eight feet thick behind it. The door was already on fire. Some deluged
it with water, others worked in the smoke to build the wall. Captain
Halliday and a party of marines went out by the breach in the wall
on the north and charged through the burning houses to clear out the
enemy. This he succeeded in doing, although he was himself seriously
wounded, and in three hours the danger was past. The attack, however,
had been of great advantage to the besieged, for the Chinese had
destroyed all the buildings adjoining the Legations, and had in a few
days accomplished what must otherwise have been done by the defenders
at the cost of enormous labour.
From that time forward, although they were exposed to great danger at
times, the garrison was free from any anxiety about fire.
The next day was comparatively quiet. The lower veranda of the First
Secretaryʼs house needed barricading, for several bullets had made
their way in. That morning two of the ponies which had been shot there
during the night were cut up and distributed. This was the first
experience the besieged had of pony–meat, and at first they tasted it
with considerable doubt. Henceforth, however, it became the regular
fare, and was received with general approval. It made excellent soup,
and though, when cooked in a joint, it was apt to be hard, it was very
good with curry or rissoles.
In the afternoon the firing suddenly ceased and a man bearing a white
flag took his place on the north bridge, with a board on which was
written in Chinese: “Imperial command: To protect the Ministers and
stop firing; a despatch will be sent to the bridge of the canal.”
This caused great excitement. Some suggested that the reinforcements
might be at last at hand, others thought that it was a trap to throw
us off our guard. The experienced were of opinion that it was merely
a sign of the vacillation that existed among the Empress and her
advisers, and that Prince Ching and Jung Lu had for the moment got the
upper hand and persuaded the Empress of the madness of the course that
was being taken. The day went on, however, and no despatch was sent in.
The time was employed in strengthening barricades. The Chinese, too,
made good use of the interval by erecting a barricade across Legation
Street, facing that adjoining the Russian and American Legations. At
midnight a tremendous fire was opened on the Legations from all sides.
Shells frequently passed overhead, and the Legations were swept by a
hail of bullets. Everyone was up and ready to repel an attack, but none
was made, and after an hour the fire ceased as suddenly as it had
begun. It was evident that the war party were again in the ascendant.
All sorts of reports were current the next day. The besieged had
learned that the Taku Forts were captured on the eighteenth, and
they began to calculate that the relieving force might arrive on the
twenty–eighth.
Everywhere the native Christians worked unremittingly at the
barricades, which were now so strengthened as to be very formidable
obstacles to an attack. Orders were issued that bomb–proof shelters
should be formed, and that the inmates of each house should construct
them for themselves. Pits were dug out to a depth of four feet; these
were roofed in with timbers on which earth was piled to a depth of some
feet. Many of these shelters were completed, but the ladies almost
unanimously agreed that they would prefer to run the risk of shells
rather than bury themselves in such holes, for the tremendous rains
that came on occasionally almost flooded the ground, and, running in at
the entrances to the pits, converted the floors into sheets of liquid
mud.
Rex managed every day to get half an hourʼs chat with his cousins. They
were both employed as assistants in the hospital kitchen, carrying the
soups, broth, and other food to the patients, of whom there were now
some thirty or forty. These, thanks to the excellent medical attention,
nursing, and cooking, were almost without exception doing well, and
during the whole siege there was no single death due to disease
generated by foul air or septic conditions.
The girls were both cheerful and enjoyed their work. Being the
assistants of the lady who superintended and for the most part carried
out the cooking, they occasionally got a share of dainty dishes which
were sent back untasted, and so fared better than the majority. Their
work allowed them but little time for thought or anxiety, and their
only fear was that Rex might be wounded; but as they saw him coming
in every day fresh and cheerful, even this fear gradually died out.
His stories of the siege amused them, especially his accounts of the
different ways in which different people took their misfortunes: some
being always cheerful and ready to make fun of everything, while others
grumbled at every petty hardship, and seemed to consider themselves as
specially injured by the whole proceedings.
Rex himself had only had to fight on two or three occasions, for
the barriers were all held by the marines and guards of the various
Legations, while the civilians, although formed into corps, and ready
in case of attack to rush to any threatened point, had so far not been
called upon for service. At night, however, they took turns to keep
watch at exposed positions, and during the day worked at whatever might
be most required. The students were formed into a corps by themselves,
and Rex acted with them. They occupied a crowded quarter, but were full
of life and spirit, made light of their work, and at night formed quite
a merry party.
“I am afraid you are very hard worked, Rex,” Jenny said one day.
“Not a bit of it,” he replied. “My hands were very much blistered the
first two or three days, but they have got hard now, and my back has
quite forgotten how to ache. As far as I am concerned I quite enjoy it,
and I could not be living among a better set of fellows.”
“I suppose you will get harder work shortly, but up to the present time
there have been very few casualties.”
“It is quite certain now that we have regular troops fighting against
us; that is shown by their new method of attack. Instead of making
an onset on one point at a time, they now assail us from all points
simultaneously. The fires all took place on the same day, and that
tremendous bombardment two nights ago began all round at the same
moment. That canʼt be the work of the Boxers.”
“Then it will be more serious?”
“No, I donʼt know that it will be much more serious, except that no
doubt they will bring up their cannon and plant them closer than they
are now. But this development shows that Prince Tungʼs party has not
got the entire control over the Empress. A proclamation has been stuck
up at the tower to–day appointing several Chinese generals to the
command of the Boxers. It is certain now that we have got to depend
entirely upon ourselves. It is also certain that Seymour has either
been annihilated or obliged to fall back. I consider it absurd to
calculate that, now that the Taku Forts have fallen, an army will come
up from the coast and arrive here in a few days. After the now certain
failure of Seymourʼs expedition it is evident that a much stronger
column must be employed, and such a force can hardly have been gathered
yet. Then the railway, which has no doubt been destroyed between
Tientsin and the sea, will have to be repaired. As we know that the
cathedral at that place has been burnt, there can be no doubt that the
settlement has been besieged. The Boxers there are probably in great
force, and these will have to be cleared out before any attempt can
be made to relieve us. I certainly should not say so to anyone else,
but my own opinion is that we shall be lucky if we see the head of the
relieving party before another month.”
“A month! You donʼt mean to say that! Why, we shall all be starved out
long before that!”
“It is wonderful how one can hold on if necessary,” Rex said. “No doubt
we shall be put upon half–allowance, and the number of mouths to be fed
is tremendous, but we still keep on discovering stores in the houses
and shops within the line, and these have never been methodically
searched yet. We have also got the ponies to eat. Fortunately the
native Christians are not accustomed to a meat diet, so the ponies will
last the Europeans a good long time. I donʼt know whether there are
any rats in the Legations,” he said with a laugh. “According to the
accounts of most sieges, when the garrison were reduced to an extremity
they always seem to have maintained themselves on rats. I dare say they
are not bad eating if one is driven to it.”
“I havenʼt seen any rats,” Jenny said with a little shudder, “and I
hope I shanʼt see one, either alive or cooked. I am sure I could manage
very well with a little rice or flour and tea.”
“I am afraid that tea would not sustain us long, but I agree with you
that as long as the rice and flour hold out we can do so. We have, I
believe, a pretty good stock of tinned food, sugar, tea, cocoa, and
so on, and the pressure will come more upon the unfortunate coolies
than upon us. It is only fair to them to say that they are working
splendidly, and if we hold out it will be largely due to them, for
almost all the barricade work has fallen on them. The fighting men
are, of course, always on guard; the rest of us are all told off to
work of some sort or other: sanitary work, the distribution of food
and seeing to the wants of everyone, and, during the past two or three
days, the erection of shell–proof shelters. The hard work falls to the
Chinese. They are wonderfully patient, obedient, and hard–working, and
expose themselves fearlessly everywhere. I am coming to have great
respect for them. There is no giving way at all among them. They have
lost everything they have in the world, but they show no signs of
despondency. They take everything that comes as a matter of course, and
sometimes, when I go among them when the fire is heavy, I hear them
praying out aloud. Well, I must be off again.”