"KIAM" AS A RELATIVE ADVERB.
155. The interrogative temporal adverb "kiam" (123) is also used as a
relative temporal adverb, with "tiam" or an equivalent word or phrase
for its antecedent. (It may not be omitted as in English "at the time he
came"):
Mi suspektis lin je la tempo kiam li venis,
I suspected him at the time when he came (the time that he came).
Li defendis sin tiam, kiam oni atakis lin,
he defended himself then, when he was attacked.
Mi ankoraux sidos tie gxis kiam vi venos,
I shall still sit there until when you come (until you come).
Post kiam li tiel lauxte kriis, li komencis plori,
after he shouted so loudly, he began to cry.
"KIEL" AS A RELATIVE ADVERB.
156. The interrogative adverb "kiel" (134) is also used as a relative
adverb of manner and degree, with "tiel", or "same", or an equivalent
adverb or phrase for its antecedent. It may often be translated "as":
Mi defendis min tiel, kiel li defendis sin,
I defended myself in that way in which (way) he defended himself.
Vi ne estas tiel kruela kiel li,
you are not so cruel as he (is).
Ili batis lin same kiel vi,
they beat him in the same way as you (did).
Ili batis lin same kiel vin,
they beat him the same as (they did) you.
Kiel mi diris al li, mi estas felicxa,
as I told him, I am happy (antecedent not expressed).
Li parolis tiel mallauxte kiel antauxe,
he spoke as softly as before.
Sxi estas tiel bona kiel sxi estas bela,
she is as good as she is fair.