THE PERFECT TENSE.

124. The compound tense formed by using the past active participle

with the present tense of "esti" is called the "perfect tense". It

differs from the aoristic past tense (35) and from the imperfect (113)

by expressing an act or condition as definitely completed or perfected.

The conjugation of "vidi" in the perfect tense is as follows:

mi estas vidinta, I have seen (I am having-seen).

vi estas vidinta, you have seen (you are having-seen).

li (sxi, gxi) estas vidinta, he (she, it) has seen (is having-seen).

ni estas vidintaj, we have seen (we are having-seen).

vi estas vidintaj, you have seen (you are having-seen).

ili estas vidintaj, they have seen (they are having-seen).

A Complete Grammar of Esperanto · 第 212 / 573 题