70. Accompaniment or association is expressed by the preposition "kun",
with, along with:
La viro venis kun sia amiko, the man came with his friend.
Mi promenos kun vi, I shall go walking with you.
La knabo kun tiu viro estas lia frato,
the boy with that man is his brother.
[Footnote: "Kun" must not be confused with "per" (64), which expresses
instrumentality, although per may often be translated by English "with."
The English preposition "with" may be said to have three rather clearly
defined different meanings. In the linguistic history of this word,
the original meaning was "against," still shown in "fight with, strive
with, contend with, withstand", etc. (Cf. German "widerstreiten", to
strive with, "widerhalten", to resist, etc.) Gradually this word "with"
usurped the meaning of the original preposition "mid," expressing
association or accompaniment (cf. German "mit", with, which it crowded
out of the language except in one unimportant compound). The word
"by" was also encroaching upon "mid" from another direction, and so
"mid's" successor "with" came to be interchangeable with "by" in
expressing instrumentality. Thus, English "with" indicates opposition,
accompaniment, or instrumentality, for which three senses Esperanto has
the three prepositions "kontraux", "kun", and "per", respectively.]