52. Words like "aux", "kaj", "nek", "sed", which join words,
word-groups, or sentences together are conjunctions. All the
conjunctions given so far connect words, phrases, or sentences of
similar rank or kind. These are called coordinating conjunctions,
and the words, phrases, or sentences connected by them are said
to be coordinate:
Cxu vi marsxas aux kuras?
("Aux" connects the verbs.)
Sxi iris, kaj ni estis felicxaj.
("Kaj" connects the sentences.)
Nek vi nek mi vidis gxin.
(The second "nek" connects the pronouns,
the first being introductory and adverbial.)
Aux li aux sxi perdis la libron.
(The second "aux" connects the pronouns,
the first being introductory and adverbial.)
Gxi falis sur la segxon, sed ne sur la plankon.
("Sed" connects the phrases.)
Li ne sxatis gxin. Tamen li tenis gxin.
("Tamen" connects the sentences.)
[Footnote: A phrase is a word-group forming an expression, but not
containing a verb, as "through the house," "of the man," "before me,"
etc.]
[Footnote: Coordinating conjunctions may be further classified according
to their meaning: "Aux" is disjunctive, connecting alternates, and
expressing separation. "Kaj" is copulative, expressing union. "Nek"
is disjunctive, expressing separation and also negation. "Sed" is
adversative, expressing opposition, contrast, or modification of a
previous statement. "Tamen" is adversative, affirming something in spite
of a previous objection or concession. "Do," "so, then, consequently,"
is argumentative, expressing a logical inference or result in a somewhat
conversational manner.]