CONCLUSIONS.
A careful study of the facts presented in the foregoing chapters teach us
several lessons well worth considering, and suggest certain cautions and
reforms that are greatly needed.
From the abundant evidence upon this point I think we must conclude that
the abuse or habitual use of narcotics is steadily upon the increase,
especially the subcutaneous use of morphine; that these drugs are, in the
majority of instances, first taken to relieve pain, and not for simple
gratification of a morbid appetite; and that the drug used and the manner
of using it is in consonance with the prevalent medical practice of the
time in which the habituè lives.
There are two classes especially blamable for this—the physicians and
the druggists. In the early history of the use of the hypodermic syringe
the danger of contracting the habit through its frequent use was not
recognized, and the physician was not then to blame. At the present time,
however, knowing fully the dangers incident to its use, the physician is
criminally careless in placing the instrument in the hands of the patient
or her friends for their use. If he does not appreciate the full extent of
the danger, he is culpably ignorant, and certainly deserving of punishment.
The deaths, and dangerous accidents, and the spread of the continued use
of narcotics, is due, to a great extent, to the druggists, who, in many
cases, sell the drug without a physician’s prescription, and without any
reasonable excuse on the part of the patient, in direct violation of the
law. Chloral is sold to men just recovering from a spree; prescriptions
containing large amounts of these drugs are renewed for patients for whom
they were not originally given; the druggist himself often prescribes
a mixture of chloral, morphine and bromide of potassium, for repentant
drunkards, or for patients suffering from insomnia.
When spoken to about this matter, they coolly excuse their practices with
the remark that “if we don’t do it, some other druggist will; and why
should we lose the money.” The laws relating to the sale of poisons are
loose and inefficient, the practice rotten, and the statute really a dead
letter. Dangerous and even fatal consequences[105] are not, then, so much
to be wondered at.
Another matter in this connection needs attention, viz: the lying
pretensions of a few charlatans, notably in the West, who, by specious
advertisements and deceitful lies, induce the victims to these habits
to buy their medicines, or come under their care for treatment. Their
so-called specifics are simply preparations of opium or morphine, and
their treatment is based upon the plan of _substituting one form of the
drug for another_.
These sharpers are utterly without conscience, and do not scruple to prey
upon and undermine the health of their victims, in order to gain a few
dollars. It is about time that the people found out that honest, honorable
and trustworthy physicians, who have only the good of the patient at
heart, do not advertise. It is a shameful fact that the religious press
tolerates the advertisements of these charlatans in their columns. As a
rule, the vilest advertisements are to be found in these newspapers. Owing
to the moral weight supposed to be carried by these sheets, owing to
their large circulation among the people, who look upon every word therein
contained as truth, these announcements and endorsements do the people an
infinite amount of harm. Can it be that the financial “backers” of these
papers overrule the scruples of the religious editor? If so, while a good
investment financially, it must be a very poor one morally.
I have emphasized the fact that the continued use of chloral is not
so liable to end in the formation of a habit, as is the prolonged use
of morphia or opium; not that physicians may exercise less care and
discrimination in its employment, for the danger is sufficiently great,
but simply to refute the statements of some men who are gone wild upon the
subject of habituation and inebriety, and who suggest measures for reform,
and plans for restraint and treatment, as impracticable and impossible as
their statements are whimsical and truthless.
Finally, be it distinctly understood, that many of the symptoms enumerated
as occurring in both the morphine and chloral habituès, but especially the
latter, are only found where the drug has been used in large amount, or
for a long time. Every symptom will, moreover, be modified somewhat by the
systemic peculiarities of each patient.
The “mixed” habits, so called, where patients are using two or more
narcotics at one time, have not been discussed separately, as they possess
no distinctive characters, and the physician who understands the prominent
points of each will have no trouble in detecting and treating these cases.
FOOTNOTES
[1] _Practitioner_, Vol. VI, p. 149.
[2] “The Opium Habit;” reprint from the Chicago _Medical Review_, October
and November 5th, 1880.
[3] “The Hypodermic Injection of Morphia. Its History, Advantages and
Dangers.” N. Y., 1880.
[4] “Morbid Craving for Morphia,” London, 1878.
[5] Levenstein, op. cit., p. 69.
[6] “Opium and the Opium Habit.” Philadelphia, 1871, p. 117.
[7] The Personal Experiences of an Ex-opium Habituè.—N. Y. _Medical
Record_, p. 399, Vol. XIII.
[8] _Practitioner_, 1871.
[9] _American Journal of Insanity_, July, 1872.
[10] From the subsequent history of the patient, especially while in the
asylum, we are led to believe that these attacks of delirium took place at
menstrual periods.
[11] “Hypodermic Medication,” p. 96. Philadelphia, 1879.
[12] “Some Observations on the Deep Injection of Morphia.” _Cincinnati
Lancet and Clinic_, August 10th, 1878.
[13] Chicago _Medical Journal and Examiner_, Aug. 1877.
[14] Chicago _Med. Journal and Examiner_, April, 1879.
[15] Boston _Medical and Surgical Journal_, October 30th, 1879.
[16] “Medico-Chirurgical Society Trans.,” vol. L.
[17] “Materia Medica and Therapeutics,” Phila., 1877, p. 205.
[18] “Medico-Chirurgical Transactions,” vol. L.
[19] N. Y. _Medical Record_, Aug. 15th, 1874.
[20] _Medical Times and Gazette_, Sept. 23d, 1865.
[21] _British Medical Journal_, May, 1879.
[22] _British Medical Journal_, April 12th, 1879.
[23] Philadelphia _Med. and Surg. Reporter_, Oct. 18th, 1879.
[24] _Med. Times and Gazette_, Jan. 4th, 1868, p. 8.
[25] _Medical Times and Gazette_, Jan. 11th, 1868, p. 53.
[26] “The Hypodermic Method,” Philadelphia, 1879, p. 32.
[27] Edin. _Med. Journal_, Dec. 1876. _Practitioner_, 1877, p. 132.
[28] _Practitioner_, July, 1871, p. 25.
[29] _Medical Times and Gazette_, June 14th, 1865, p. 42.
[30] Italics mine.
[31] E. P. Wilson, “St. George’s Hospital Reports,” 1869.
[32] “Thèse de Paris,” _N. Y. Med. Journal_, Sept. 1877.
[33] Pepper, _N. Y. Medical Record_, Nov. 16th, 1878. H. H. Smith, _Ibid._
Joseph H. Howe, _Ibid._, Dec. 7th, 1878, and Jan. 4th, 1879. J. S. Prout,
_Ibid._, May 11th, 1878.
[34] “The Intravenous Injection of Ammonia,” _N. Y. Medical Record_, June,
1879.
[35] “Medico-Chirurg. Transactions,” vol. L., p. 570.
[36] New York _Medical Gazette_, Jan. 10th, 1880.
[37] “The Hypodermic Injection of Morphia; its History, Advantages and
Dangers,” N. Y., 1880.
[38] _Medical Press and Circular_, Nov. 29th, 1876.
[39] In my chapter on “The Morphia Habit,” I shall show that much larger
amounts have been used, and for long periods.
[40] “Morbid Craving for Morphia.” London, 1880.
[41] (N. Y. _Med. Record_), _Southern Med. Record_, Sept. 20th, 1879.
[42] (Atlanta _Medical Journal_) _Physicians’ Monitor_, 1878.
[43] H. C. Wood; “Materia Medica and Therapeutics,” p. 440. Phila., 1877.
℞. Ferri sulphatis, gr. xx
Ext. alöes, aq., ʒj
Ext. taraxaci, q. s. M.
Ft. pil. No. 60.
SIG.—Two, night and morning.
[44] “The Hypodermic Method,” etc., p. 90.
[45] N. Y. _Medical Record_, 1876, p. 436.
[46] By letter.
[47] April 14th, 1877.
[48] _Lancet_, Dec. 18, 1875.
[49] Letter.
[50] Philadelphia _Medical and Surgical Reporter_, Nov. 9, 1878.
[51] Ibid.
[52] Ibid.
[53] _American Journal of Insanity_, 1878, p. 367.
[54] New York _Medical Record_, 1872, p. 106.
[55] _Wiener Med. Wochenschrift_, Feb. 28, 1874.
[56] The _Clinic_, March 2, 1872.
[57] Philadelphia _Med. and Surg. Reporter_, Jan. 16, 1875.
[58] _Druggists’ Circular and Gazette_, Nov., 1879
[59] Edinburgh _Medical Journal_, Sept. 1877, p. 211.
[60] Dr. A. P. Hayne, Med. Supt. Inebriate Asylum, San Francisco, Cal.
[61] London _Lancet_, Aug. 2d, 1873.
[62] Letter to the Author.
[63] _Lancet_, Dec., 1875.
[64] _Lancet_, March 11, 1876.
[65] Letters to the Author.
[66] Letter to the Author.
[67] Quoted by Mattison, “Chloral Inebriety,” a paper read before the
King’s Co. Medical Society, April 15th, 1879.
[68] Mattison, op. cit.
[69] Op. cit., p. 5.
[70] Philadelphia _Medical and Surgical Reporter_, Nov. 9, 1878.
[71] In a letter just received Dr. Mattison states that Dr. Benj. Lee, of
Philadelphia, is the gentleman referred to, but that he (Dr. Mattison)
does not remember in what journal he saw the case reported.
[72] London _Lancet_, Aug. 9, 1873.
[73] Quoted by Mattison, op. cit., p. 5.
[74] _American Practitioner_, 1875.
[75] Quoted by Labbée, _Archiv. Gen. de Med._, 1870, p. 330.
[76] Berlin _Klin. Wochen._, July 3, 1876, p. 389.
[77] _Archiv. Gen. de Med._, 1870. T. 2, p. 330.
[78] _Compte Rendu_, Aug. 3, 1874.
[79] _American Journal of the Med. Sciences_, Oct., 1877.
[80] _Virginia Medical Monthly_, May, 1880.
[81] Letter to the Author.
[82] Letter to the Author.
[83] June, 1871.
[84] _Practitioner_, 1873.
[85] Kane; “Chloral Hydrate in the Treatment of the Insomnia of Insanity
and Delirium Tremens.” _N. Y. Medical Record_, Jan. 8 and 15, 1881.
[86] Quoted by Mattison. Op. cit.
[87] Kane; “Some Peculiar Effects of Chloral Hydrate on the Eyes and
Skin.” _N. Y. Medical Record_, 1881.
To those interested in the further study of the action of chloral on the
skin, I give the following references:—
Browne, Crichton, _Lancet_, Vol. 1, p. 440. Curschmann, _Deutsches Archiv
f. Klin. Med._, 1871, p. 139. Brochin, M., _Bull. Gen. de Therap._,
Feb. 15, 1880. Burman, J. Wilkie, _Lancet_, Mar. 16, 1872. Farquharson,
_Braithwaite’s Epitome_, Mar., 1880. Ingalls, Wm., _N. Y. Medical
Record_, 1871, p. 91. Liebreich, O., _Lancet_, June 16, 1877. Mayer, _La
France Medicale_, 1876. Martinet, _Thèse de Paris_, 1879. Neal, Breward,
_Lancet_, Aug. 23, 1873. Smith, Nathan R., _N. Y. Medical Record_, 1871,
p. 299. Kiernan, J. G.; Quoted by Mattison. Op. cit.
[88] _Allgemeine Zeitschrift f. Psychiatrie_, Bd. 28, Heft. 1.
[89] Kane, “Chloral in Obstetric Practice.” _American Journal of
Obstetrics_, March, 1881.
[90] This is conclusively proved by the experiments of both Labbée and
Rajewsky, quoted by H. C. Wood, “Materia Medica and Therapeutics,”
Philadelphia, 1877, p. 318, 319.
[91] _Practitioner_, 1873.
[92] “Antagonism of Therapeutic Agents,” p. 54.
[93] Op. cit.
[94] _Lancet_, 1871.
[95] Quoted by Mattison. Op. cit.
[96] _Allgemeine Zeitschrift f. Psychiatrie_, Bd. 28, Heft. 1.
[97] Quoted by Labbée, _Bull. Gen. de Therap._, 1869. T. 2, p. 758.
[98] Quoted by Mattison. Op. cit.
[99] _Lancet_, May 24, 1873.
[100] _British Medical Journal_, Sept. 2, 1876.
[101] Kane; “Deaths from Chloral Hydrate.” N. Y. _Medical Record_, Dec.,
1880.
[102] Calkins; “The Opium Habit,” Phila., 1871.
[103] Op. cit. p. 323.
[104] _Materia Medica and Therapeutics_, Phila., 1877, p. 226.
[105] Kane; “Deaths from Chloral.” N. Y. _Medical Record_, Dec. 25, 1880,
Jan. 1, 1881.
INDEX.
A.
Abortion from excessive use of morphia, 43.
Abscess from hypodermic injection of morphia, 71.
Absorption of morphia, rapidity of, 83.
Accidents from subcutaneous use of morphia, 71.
Ady, Dr. A., case by, 152.
After-treatment of opium and morphia habits, 140.
Ages of opium and morphia takers, 25.
of chloral takers, 150.
Akland, Dr. Fr., on chloral habit, 151.
Albuminuria from continued use of opiates, 46.
in chloral takers, 182.
Alcoholic stimulants used by opium takers, 38.
in treatment of morphia-mania, 139.
Allbutt, Dr. T. Clifford, observations of, 54.
Alopecia, in morphia takers, 40.
Amaurosis from continued use of opiates, 47.
in chloral takers, 197.
Amidon, Dr. R. W., experiments of, 99.
Andrews, Dr. Judson B., case by, 54.
Anstie, Dr., case by, 175, 178.
Aphasia from prolonged use of chloral, 171.
Arton, Dr. J. H., case by, 180.
Ascites from excessive use of morphia, 35, 36.
Atkinson, Dr. A., case by, 76.
B.
Barker, Dr. Fordyce, 29.
Barkitt, Dr. F. W., case by, 102.
Bartholow, Prof. Roberts, observations of, 90.
case by, 72.
Baths in treatment of morphia takers, 130.
Beaumetz-Dujardin, case by, 71.
Belladonna in treatment of morphia takers, 136.
Bidlack, Dr., case by, 152.
Bigelow, Dr. H. C., case by, 184, 198.
Bile, effects of continued use of opiates on, 37.
Blalock, Dr. W. C., hydrocyanic acid in treatment of opium habit, 137.
Blood, effects of chloral on, 186.
“Bloating” in morphia takers, 39.
Bond, Dr. Thos., case by, 170.
Bouchut, chloral diabetes, 182.
Braine, Dr. F. W., case by, 88.
Bradley, Dr. Edward, cases by, 184, 199.
Brandeis, Dr. R. C., case by, 180.
Brown-Sequard on chloral paralysis, 178.
Bromides in the treatment of opium takers, 136.
Bryce, Dr. C. A., case by, 205.
Bunting, Dr. James, case by, 170.
C.
Cable, Dr. W. W., case by, 91.
Calkins, Dr. Alonzo, observations of, 44, 210.
Calvet, observations of, 96.
Cannabis Indica in treatment of opium habit, 137.
continued use of, 206.
Capsicum in treatment of opium habit, 136.
Casts in urine of morphia takers, 46.
Change from opium to alcohol, etc., 38.
Chills, nervous, in chloral takers, 177.
Chloral hydrate, continued use of, 149.
in treatment of opium habit, 137.
Circulation, effects of chloral on, 186.
in morphia takers, 48.
Civil condition of chloral takers, 150.
Civilization as a modifier of the nervous system, 17.
Claggett & Walls, Drs., case sent by, 118.
Clark, Dr. Alonzo, case by, 93.
Clinical Society of London, report of, 149.
Coca in treatment of opium habit, 136.
Coleridge, amount of opium used by, 27.
Color of skin in morphia takers, 38.
Compton, Dr. W. M., observations of, 155.
Constipation in opium takers, 37.
Corona, injection of drugs into veins, 90.
Cram, Dr. C. W., observations of, 155.
Craving for stimulants and narcotics, 33, 207.
Crothers, Dr. T. D., case by, 173.
Cullen, Dr. C. R., observations of, 194.
D.
Dabbs, Dr. G. H. R., case by, 186.
Dangers, of chloral habit, 202.
Davis, Dr. G. W., case by, 171.
Deaths from chloral, 202.
Delmont, Dr. F., case by, 194.
Delirium in abandoning chloral, 200.
Dessau, Dr. S. Henry, case by, 204.
De Quincey, confessions of, 22, 33.
preparation and amount used by, 27.
Diabetes from morphia taking, 41, 46, 47.
chloral taking, 182.
Diet in the treatment of morphia abstinence, 138.
Digestive apparatus, effect of opiates on, 34.
chloral on, 180.
Diplopia from excessive use of morphia, 47.
Diseases of the present day, peculiarities of, 17.
Doane, Dr. H. H., case by, 172, 185.
Douche, cold, uses of, 131.
Dover’s powder, 27.
Dreams, 19, 20.
Drunkards, use of chloral by, 163.
Dyspepsia in opium takers, 34, 142.
Dyspnœa in chloral takers, 195.
E.
Earle, Dr. C. Warrington, observations of, 24.
Electricity in treatment of opium takers, 132.
Elliot, Dr. Geo. F., case by, 200.
Eruptions in morphia takers, 37, 38.
Erysipelas from subcutaneous injection of morphine, 74.
Eyes, effect of prolonged use of opiates on, 47.
chloral on, 197, 201.
F.
Fæces, in morphia-mania, 36, 37.
Feltz & Ritter on chloral diabetes, 182.
Folsom, Dr. Norton, case by, 113.
Formation of opium and morphine habits, 18, 31, 32.
Fowler, Dr. Geo. R., observations of, 84.
Francis, Dr. Sam’l W., case by, 84.
Fry, Dr. Frank H., case by, 172.
G.
Gastric juice, effect of opiates on secretion of, 34.
catarrh in opium takers, 35.
Georges & Bernard-Claude, experiments of, 92.
Graham, Dr. Arthur, case by, 78.
Griswold, Dr. Gaspar, experiments of, 97.
H.
Habit, opium, how formed, 18.
Hemorrhoids in morphia habituès, 37.
Hemorrhage from mucous surfaces in chloral takers, 182, 201.
Hair, falling of in opium takers, 40.
Ham, Dr. O. F., case by, 185.
Harrington, Dr. H. L., case by, 80.
Hashisch habit, 206.
Hayne, Dr. A. P., observations of, 171.
Haywood, Dr. Burke, case by, 198.
Heartburn in morphia takers, 37.
Herpes zoster in morphia takers, 40.
Holbrook, Dr. M. L., cases by, 153.
Houtz, Dr. J. A., observations of, 87.
Husted, Dr. N. C., case by, 198.
Hutchinson, Dr. Wm. F., case by, 132.
Hydrocyanic acid in treatment of morphia taking, 137.
Hypodermic injection of morphia, 24, 30, 145.
Hysteria, how modified by opiates, 54.
I.
Impaction of fæces, 37.
Impotence from prolonged use of opiates, 45.
Incoherence of morphia takers, 53.
Ingalls, Dr. E. F., case by, 79.
Inglis, Dr. T., case by, 159.
Injection of morphine into a vein, 75.
Insanity from continued use of chloral, 168.
opiates, 52.
Insomnia, best remedy for, 140.
Intellectual grade of opium takers, 25.
J.
Jaundice from continued use of opiates, 35, 37, 38.
Jewell, Prof. J. S., observations of, 84.
Jones, Dr. N. Jasper, case by, 163.
Dr. E., case by, 76.
K.
Kane, Dr. H. H., experiments of, 95, 98.
Keyes’ solution of morphia, 72.
Keyser, case by, 198.
Kidneys, effect of prolonged use of opiates on, 39, 46.
Kiernan, Dr. J. G., observations of, 192.
Kilpatrick, Dr. A. R., case by, 204.
King, Dr. Willis P., case by, 168.
Kinsman, Dr. D. N., case by, 169.
Kirn, Dr. Ludwig, observations of, 187, 195.
L.
Labbée, chloral diabetes, 182.
Lactucarium, 138.
Lee, Dr. Benj., case by, 175.
Leucorrhœa in opium takers, 43, 141.
Levenstein, observations and experiments of, 30, 42, 45, 47, 62, 106,
107, 182.
Lewis, Dr. Morris J., observations of, 183.
Dr. R. F., case by, 203.
Ligature in subcutaneous medication, 100.
Lobelia, 137.
Locomotion in opium takers, 48.
Loose, Dr., observations of, 30.
Lupulin, 138.
Lusk, Prof. W. T., observations of, 94.
Lying propensities of opium takers, 52, 53.
Lyman, Prof. H. M., case by, 154.
M.
MacDonald, Dr. Carlos F., on the chloral habit, 152.
Malaria, symptoms of, in opium takers, 62.
Mattison, Dr. J. B., observations of, 30, 136, 175, 178, 179.
Marsh, Dr. Madison, observations of, 155.
Maudsley on chloral in insanity, 171.
McAllister, Dr. W. F., case by, 30.
Medico-Chirurgical Society’s cases and experiments, 83, 98.
Meldon, Dr. Austin, case by, 103.
Memory, effect of continued use of chloral on, 170.
hashisch on, 211.
Menstruation in morphia takers, 41, 142.
chloral takers, 185.
Miller, F. H., case by, 84.
J. A., case by, 184.
Mind, effect of prolonged use of opiates on, 49.
chloral on, 165.
hashisch on, 211.
Morgan, Dr. Herbert M., observations of, 201.
Morphia habit, the, 17.
subcutaneous use of, 24, 30, 145.
M’Rae, Dr. A. E., case by, 193.
Murphy, Dr. W. Kirkpatrick, cases by, 165, 178.
Muscæ volantes, 47.
Muscular system, effect of continued use of opiates on, 48.
effect of continued use of chloral on, 194.
N.
Neal, Dr. W. A., case by, 77.
Nervous element, growth of, 17, 18.
system, condition of, in opium takers, 53.
system, condition, of, in chloral takers, 174.
Neuralgia from prolonged use of opiates, 53, 142.
chloral, 174, 175.
Neurasthenic patients, danger of using narcotics and stimulants with,
31, 32.
Nordlin, Dr. J. H., observations of, 151.
case by, 185.
Nose, reddening of, in opium takers, 39.
Nussbaum, Prof., case by, 84.
O.
“Observer,” case by, 85.
Œsophagus, paralysis of, 180.
Opium habit, the, 17.
smoking, 29.
preparations of, 27.
P.
Pack, the cold, 131.
Paralysis from continued use of chloral, 177.
Park, Dr. Roswell, case by, 170.
Parker, Prof. Willard, case by, 94.
Parrish, Dr. Jos., observations of, 21, 153.
Pathology of opium and morphine habits, 17-27.
Pepper, Prof. Wm., intravenous injection of milk, 87.
Pepy’s Journal, extract from, 95.
Personal experiences of an ex-opium habituè, 50.
Perrigo, Dr. James, case by, 171.
Perspiration in opium habituès, 39.
Pflueger’s theory of artificial menopause, 42.
Photophobia from chloral, 197.
Physicians, how to blame, 18.
Pollak, Dr., on chloral habit, 155.
Pollock, Dr. C., case by, 173.
Pregnancy in morphia takers, 43.
Preparations of opium commonly used, 27.
Preservatives for morphia solutions, 74.
Prevalence of the opium habit, 18.
Progeny, effect of continued use of morphine on, 44.
Prognosis in opium habituation, 143.
chloral habituation, 202.
Purpura hemorrhagica from excessive use of morphine, 35, 40.
Q.
Quantity of opium and morphine used by habituès, 28.
R.
Rapidity of absorption of morphine, 98.
Reiman, Dr., observations of, 151.
Remondino, Dr. P. C., case by, 203.
Respiration, effects of chloral on, 195.
Richardson, Dr. B. W., on the chloral habit, 156.
Roberts, Arthur, case by, 89.
Dr. John, observations of, 183.
S.
Schlaugenhausen, Dr., opinions of, 151.
Schüle, observations of, 193, 198.
Seguin, Dr. E. C., case by, 78.
Semen, condition of, in opium habituès, 45.
Sensation modified by prolonged use of opiates, 41, 70.
Sex of opium habituès, 25.
chloral takers, 150.
Sexual organs, effects of continued use of opiates on, 41.
effects of continued use of chloral on, 184.
Shettle, Dr. R. C., observations of, 194.
Shurtleff, Dr. G. A., observations of, 153.
Skin, effects of continued use of opiates on, 38, 71.
chloral on, 187.
Sleep of morphia takers, 49.
Sleightholme, Dr. J. Pennock, case by, 90.
Smith, Prof. A. A., on chloral habit, 152.
Dr. Q. C., observations of, 164.
Dr. Nathan R., observations of, 192.
Specific gravity of urine in morphia takers, 46.
chloral takers, 183.
“Spectator,” case by, 85.
Sterility from continued use of opiates, 42.
Stimulants, 139.
Stools, character of, in opium habituation, 36.
Strangury from prolonged use of opiates, 47.
Stramonium, 137.
Strychnia, 136.
Sudden deprivation, dangers of, 127.
Symptoms of abstinence from morphia, 125.
chloral, 200.
T.
Taylor, Dr. Isaac E., 29.
Temper in opium habituès, 49.
Temperament of chloral takers, 162.
Testicles, atrophy of, 45.
Tetanus from subcutaneous injections, 101.
Thomas, Prof. T. Gaillard, cases by, 31.
Thornley, Dr. J. G., use of chloral in insanity, 151.
Treatment of opium and morphine habits, 106.
chloral habit, 200.
Tupper, Dr. Aug. M., case by, 80.
Turnbull, observations of, 194.
U.
Upham, Dr. W. R., case by, 177.
Upshur, Dr. J. N., cases by, 184.
Urinary organs, effect of continued use of opiates on, 46.
effect of continued use of chloral on, 181.
V.
Vaginismus from continued use of opiates, 43, 62.
Vaso-motor disturbances due to chloral, 177.
Veiled Prophet of Khorassan, 51.
Veins, puncture of, by hypodermic needle, 75.
Vertigo in chloral habituès, 179.
Vesical tenesmus from opium habituation, 62.
Von Mering and Musculus, uro-chloralic acid, 183.
W.
Washington, Dr., 29.
Webb, Dr. J. W. F., cases by, 184, 192.
Wells, Spencer, observations of, 194.
Wenger, Dr. E., case by, 88.
Wilson, Dr. E. T., case by, 78.
Wood, Alexander, 29.
Prof. H. C., cases by, 83.
on hashisch, 212.
Woodling, Dr. M. E., case by, 75.