=Page 1.=--[1.1] =Asturias=, province of northern Spain. Since 1833 it
has been called, officially, by the name of its capital, Oviedo, though
the older name remains in ordinary usage.
[1.2] =Rodillero=, the real name is Cudillero.
[1.3] =ya que no=, _even if not_.
[1.4] =se las puede haber=, _it may vie_. _Haber(se) las con_, "to deal
with," then "to dispute with," "to rival." Las, as also the sing. _la_,
is found in numerous idioms in an indeterminate sense, though
representing, at least originally, some feminine noun understood; not
necessarily _cosa_. Cf. page 94, note 1, and page 104, note 4.
[1.5] =cuando se mienta... a=, _when mention is made of_. Impersonal
reflexive, substitute for passive.
[1.6] =piños=, _clusters_.
=Page 2.=--[2.1] =tramos y revueltas=, _stretches and windings_.
[2.2] =no dan espacio más que=, _leave room only_.
[2.3] =van haciendo eses=, _go winding on_, lit. "making S's."
[2.4] =en forma de escalinata=, _like a flight of steps_. Escalinata is
properly a straight flight of stone steps, few in number, leading up to
a building, Eng. "perron."
[2.5] =dais con=, _meet_, _find_. _Dar_, in this and many other idioms,
has the force of "to strike" or "come into contact with."
[2.6] =se tornan=, _become_. Cf. Eng. "to turn traitor."
[2.7] =al revolver de una peña=, _on turning (round) a cliff_.
[2.8] =subir... a la rastra=, _drag up_, lit. "bring up dragging," "on
the drag."
[2.9] =adosadas=, _attached_. A term of structural engineering =
_adheridas_, _arrimadas_.
[2.10] =lustre=, _position_, _importance_.
=Page 3.=--[3.1] =les daréis la razón=, _you will say that they were
right_.
[3.2] =debe de ser bien triste=, _must be very gloomy_. _Deber_ alone
denotes obligation, _deber de_, probability. This distinction is not
universally observed, but is tending to become so. _Bien_ here = _muy_.
[3.3] =no se echa menos=, _is not missed_. Also _echar de menos_.
[3.4] =Adviértese.= This inversion of verb and personal pronoun object
occurs only when the verb is indicative, and, in general, only when it
begins a clause; though deviations from this latter usage are frequent
in Valdés and other contemporary authors.
[3.5] =sin poder atribuirlo=, _without one's being able to attribute
it_. Infinitive with indefinite subject (_uno_) understood.
[3.6] =apenas=, _almost as soon as_, lit. "hardly."
=Page 4.=--[4.1] =inutilizan.= _Se_ is understood with this verb from
preceding _mueren_.
[4.2] =va labrando su espíritu=, _goes on moulding their character_.
[4.3] =habilidosa=, _capable_.
[4.4] =lo moral=, _the moral nature_.
[4.5] =no hay más que=, _one can but_, lit. "there is no more than."
[4.6] =rasgados=, _large and full_. Cf. Fr. _bien fendu_.
=Page 5.=--[5.1] =los que amáis=, _you who love_. Antecedent _vosotros_
understood. This construction is analogous to the frequent suppression
of the subject-pronoun before a noun or pronoun in apposition. Cf. page
7, line 9.
[5.2] =a la ventura=, _at random_.
[5.3] =las montañas de tierra adentro=, _the mountains inland_. _Tierra
adentro_ is an adverbial phrase, here used substantively, governed by
_de_, the whole forming an adjectival phrase.
=Page 6.=--[6.1] =carel=, _wales_ or _bends of the boat_.
[6.2] =quiénes... quiénes... quiénes=, _some... some... others_.
[6.3] =les hacía no soltarlos.= _Les_ is dative. The object of _hacer_
when it governs also an infinitive is dative when the infinitive is
transitive; when the latter is intransitive, the object is accusative if
it denote a thing, usually dative if denoting a person.
[6.4] =formando a modo de escuadrilla=, _forming as it were a little
squadron_.
[6.5] =fijándose=, _fixing his attention_. As in so many other cases we
have here a meaning neglected by the dictionaries. The verb is also
used without complement expressed: _no me fijé_, "I did not notice."
[6.6] =no dejaban de ser=, _were nevertheless_, lit. "did not leave off
being." Cf. Fr. _cela ne laisse pas de m'ennuyer_.
=Page 7.=--[7.1] =el semblante viene de allá=, _it seems likely to blow
from that quarter_, lit. "the signs [of it] are coming from yonder."
[7.2] =amuró=, _has tacked_. This use of the preterite as equivalent to
a perfect in speaking of recent events is not sufficiently noted by the
grammars. It is used when the result of the action rather than the
action itself is to be emphasized. Cf. _¿Ya se levantó V.?_ "Have you
risen already?" i.e. "Are you already up?" _Todo se acabó_, "It's all
over."
[7.3] =bonito=, _bonito_, _striped tunny_. This fish, which plays a
considerable rôle in the novel, may be so called from its handsome
coloring, steel-blue with oblique stripes of black. It belongs to the
mackerel family (_Scombridae_), its scientific name being _Sarda Sarda_.
It reaches a 2-2-1/2 ft. and a weight of 8-10 lbs. Its flesh is rather
coarse and oily, red in color, resembling beef in appearance.
[7.4] =Allá veremos=, We shall see when the time comes, lit. "yonder."
There is an additional shade of meaning in the phrase which might be
expressed by "but I won't guarantee it."
[7.5] =tornó a ser.= _Tornar_, like _volver_, with _a_ + following
infinitive means "to be (or do) a thing again."
[7.6] =mira qué cara tan fea pone el Corsario para dormir=, _see what a
very ugly face the Corsair_ (nickname) _makes when he sleeps_. _Qué tan
= cuán._ _Cara... para dormir_ might be rendered "sleeping-face" if this
phrase were allowable. Cf. _un estante para libros_, "a book-case."
=Page 8.=--[8.1] =¡Ay María!= _My goodness!_ It is almost superfluous to
note that this and similar expressions have, like "Heavens!" in English,
_mon Dieu!_ etc., in French, a much weaker force than literal
translation would convey.
[8.2] =dar un testerazo=, _strike his head_, lit. "give a blow with
(_-azo_) the head."
[8.3] =tirar ufano.= This use of an adjective relating to the subject is
somewhat common in Spanish in cases where in English we prefer an adverb
modifying the verb.
[8.4] =Se necesita que... no lo aferre=, _There can't be a fish in the
sea without this wretch catching it_, lit. "it is necessary that there
be not... in order that he may not catch it." The prefix _re-_, attached
to adjectives, adverbs and, less frequently, to nouns, is characteristic
of familiar style. It adds an intensive or superlative force, which
undoubtedly derives from its original force of repetition. Sometimes
doubled, or takes the form _rete-_, e.g. _¡Qué reteinfamia!_ "What
terrible infamy!"
[8.5] =se pusieron al tanto de=, _became aware of_.
[8.6] =frente a=, _toward_, _to_, lit. "facing."
[8.7] =¡Así Dios me mate!= _May I never draw another breath!_ lit. "So
may God kill me!"
[8.8] =el mejor animal de la costera=, _the best fish of the season_.
_Costera_, "fisherman's basket," "haul," "fishing-season."
[8.9] =Mientras tanto=, _Meanwhile_.
[8.10] =de vez en cuando=, _from time to time_. Also _de cuando en
cuando_.
[8.11] =traerá consigo=, _can he have about him_. Future of probability
or modified statement.
=Page 9.=--[9.1] =cada vez más=, _more and more_.
[9.2] =no hizo caso=, _paid no attention_.
[9.3] =siguió=, _went on_.
[9.4] =¡Allí fue Troya!= _Then came the crash!_ lit. "There was (the
fall of) Troy!"
[9.5] =soltaron... el hilo de la risa=, _burst out laughing all
together_, lit. "loosed the thread of laughter." Similar phrases are:
_soltar la llave de las lágrimas, escaparse el flujo de la risa_, etc.,
etc.
[9.6] =que.= The conjunction _que_ is frequently used with a subtle and
variable force. Here it lends emphasis and might be rendered by a simple
"and": _and they needed to badly enough_. In line 12; below, it is
nearly equivalent to _porque_. Sometimes it expresses surprise, etc.,
and may be rendered "so," cf. page 71, note 2. And elsewhere it shades
into a mere expletive, without translatable force.
[9.7] =un si es no es=, _a trifle_.
[9.8] =que yo=, elliptical for _en que yo me he visto_.
=Page 10.=--[10.1] =A las pocas brazas de hilo que metió dentro=, _After
hauling in a few fathoms of line_, lit. "upon, or after the few fathoms
of line that he brought in."
=Page 11.=--[11.1] =por dar la vuelta=, _to turn_.
[11.2] =hiciese la mortecina=, _were feigning death_.
[11.3] =de pronto=, _all at once_, _suddenly_.
[11.4] =que en poco estuvo no saltase otra vez al agua=, _that he came
near jumping into the water again_. The conjunction _que_ is here
omitted before _no saltase_. Generally speaking, it is permissible to
omit this introductory _que_ between two contiguous verbs, the second of
which is subordinate to the first, especially if the dependent verb be
subjunctive. Cases in which the omission is relatively frequent are: 1)
when the second clause begins with no, as above, or after a verb of
fearing; 2) after a verb of mental activity, as _espero me escribas_; 3)
after an impersonal verb or verb-phrase, as _no es fácil lo consiga_.
[11.5] =En obra de=, _In about_, _in a matter of_.
[11.6] =aguza las uñas que asombra=, _puts his best foot foremost_,
_does wonders_, lit. "sharpens his nails [so] that he astonishes."
=Page 12.=--[12.1] =cambiar=, _tack_.
[12.2] =en cuanto=, _as soon as_.
[12.3] =quedaría.= _Quedar_, _ir_, _andar_, etc., are used as
substitutes for _estar_, yet each retains its own particular
connotation.
[12.4] =perdonaba.= Imperfect with force of conditional. The effect is
to make the statement more graphic.
[12.5] =los cuartos=, _the cash_.
[12.6] =la maestra=, _the schoolmaster's wife_.
[12.7] =entre risueño y enfadado=, _half smiling_, _half vexed_.
=Page 13.=--[13.1] =la gente principal o de media levita=, _the gentry
or well-to-do citizens_. Levita, "frock coat," _gente de levita_,
"people who [can afford to] wear such a garment," people of the cultured
or leisured class. _Gente principal_ = _gente de levita_, _gente de
media levita_ = _la de la clase media_.
[13.2] =Antes de llegar, con mucho=, _Long before they arrived_. _Con
mucho_, "by much."
[13.3] =embarrancando=, _grounding_, _sinking in_.
[13.4] =se salían.= Some intransitive verbs are used reflexively to
emphasize the volition of the agent. _El prisionero salió de la cárcel_,
"the prisoner left the gaol"; _el p. se salió_, etc., "the prisoner got
out of gaol." Cf. below, _se quedaban_.
[13.5] =pieza tras pieza=, _one after another_, _fish after fish_.
_Pieza_ is used in speaking of a unit of fish or game.
=Page 14.=--[14.1] =mujerucas=, _old wives_. _-uco_, _-uca_,
depreciative, contemptuous in force. A somewhat rare suffix.
[14.2] =lo fresco=, _the fresh fish_.
[14.3] =bajarlo=, i.e. _el precio_.
[14.4] =A mí no me cuente nada=, _Don't blame me for it_, lit. "Do not
ascribe anything to me."
[14.5] =señá= = _señora_.
[14.6] =Yo no he dicho esta boca es mía=, _I didn't say a word_, lit. "I
didn't say this mouth is mine."
[14.7] =Allá ellos lo arreglaron=, _They settled it among themselves_.
_Allá_ in this and similar expressions has not entirely lost its usual
connotations of direction and motion. It indicates the throwing off of
responsibility and the attaching it to some one else. Cf. page 7, note
4, and page 21, note 3.
[14.8] =tú has debido advertirles=, _you ought to have warned them_.
=Page 15.=--[15.1] =te haces cargo=, _you note_.
[15.2] =el maragato siguiendo así nos devolverá los barriles=, _if it
keeps on this way the Maragato_ (man from the Maragatería, district
south of Astorga, in León) _will return us the casks_, i.e. "he will not
buy."
[15.3] =dar la lengua=, _parley_.
[15.4] =¿Le parece mucho a diez cuartos?= _Do you think ten cuartos_ [a
pound] _too much?_ lit. "does it seem to you [too] much at ten
_cuartos_?" Note the pregnant meaning of _mucho_. "Too" may be expressed
(though not with _mucho_) by _m uy_ (_... para_) or _demasiado_, though
the latter is rather avoided, and the adjective or adverb suffices for
the double sense, e.g. _esta puerta es grande para el cuarto_, "this
door is too large for the room."--The _cuarto_ = 4 _maravedís_, and the
_real_ = 34 _mar._, or about 5 cents of our money.
[15.5] =para no andar en más cuestiones=, _not to dispute any longer_.
[15.6] =se encogió de hombros=, _shrugged his shoulders_.
[15.7] =percal=, _percale_, a cotton stuff.
[15.8] =embebecida=, _absorbed_.
=Page 16.=--[16.1] =Nos falta=, _We have to_.
[16.2] =no te pongas seria=, _don't get solemn, look grave_.
[16.3] =el día de San Juan.= The 24th of June.
=Page 17.=--[17.1] =Claro está=, _Of course_. Also simply _claro_.
[17.2] =no se da por entendida=, _gives no sign_, lit. "does not show
herself as [so] understanding [it]." Several idioms are formed on this
model; cf. page 18, note 6, page 32, note 1, and page 150, note 4.
[17.3] =así que=, _as soon as_.
[17.4] =El que no se atreve, no pasa la mar=, _Nothing venture, nothing
win_.
[17.5] =Lo mismo da=, _It's all the same_.
[17.6] =Hasta luego=, _Good-bye for the present_. Cf. Fr. _à bientôt_.
[17.7] =por la playa arriba=, _up over the beach_.
=Page 18.=--[18.1] =a la sazón=, _at the time_.
[18.2] =tendezuela=, depreciative diminutive of _tienda_.
[18.3] =bacalao=, also written _bacallao_.
[18.4] =botes=, _cans_.
[18.5] =a medio consumir=, _half consumed_. The infinitive represents
progressive condition, whereas the past participle (_medio consumido_)
would indicate stationary condition.
[18.6] =no se daba por ofendida=, _took no offence_.
[18.7] =maestro de primeras letras=, _primary teacher_.
[18.8] =percalina=, _percaline_, _lining-cotton_.
[18.9] =sujetos=, _fastened_.
[18.10] =hacía gala=, _displayed_, _paraded_.
[18.11] =no eran parte=, _did not avail_, _were not sufficient_.
_Parte_, in this expression, has the meaning of "[sufficient] cause."
=Page 19.=--[19.1] =poco más o menos=, _or thereabout_, _approximately_.
[19.2] =sabrosos=, _pleasurable_.
=Page 20.=--[20.1] =daba remate=, _finished_.
[20.2] "=le tenía en un puño=," "_had him under her thumb_," _kept him
in subjection_, lit. "held him in one fist."
[20.3] =porque... se prestase.= The use of the subjunctive after
_porque_ (which ordinarily requires the indicative) shows that the
reason given is rather a suggestion of the speaker's or a motive than a
definite logical cause. One might translate _because_, _no doubt_,...Cf.
page 114, note 2.
[20.4] =toda=, _it all_.
=Page 21.=--[21.1] =marea=, _catch_, lit. "tide."
[21.2] =A última hora=, _At the last moment_.
[21.3] =allá la señá Isabel=, _I refer you to Mrs. Elizabeth_. Cf. page
14, note 7.
[21.4] =entre dientes=, _mumbling_.
[21.5] =saltó=, _burst out_.
[21.6] =recalcando=, _emphasizing_.
[21.7] =a no encontrarse=, _a_ + inf. = an if-clause, just as _al_ +
inf. = a time-clause.
[21.8] =de espaldas=, _with his back turned_.
=Page 23.=--[23.1] =justificado=, _righteous_, _upright_.
=Page 24.=--[24.1] =Nadie le conocía=, _No one knew him to have_. _Le_,
dative of possession; cf. Fr. _on ne lui connaît que deux amis_.
[24.2] =muiles=, _mullet_. The word is written variously _mugil_,
_mujil_, _muil_.
[24.3] =caldereta=, _fish-stew_.
[24.4] =por más que=, _although_, _however much_. _Por... que_ is a
concessive conjunctive formula, followed by indicative or subjunctive
according as fact or ideation is prominent. The intervening word may be
noun, adjective or adverb, e.g. _por ocasión que venga_, "whatever
occasion may arise," _por fuerte que fuese_, "however strong he might
be," and cf. below, page 56, note 2.
=Page 25.=--[25.1] =arregla=. Present for future. Note that Elisa uses
the formal, her mother the familiar mode of address.
[25.2] =se arrojó=, _ventured_.
[25.3] =mil fanegas de renta=, _1000 fanegas of income_ [_-yielding
land_]. The _fanega_ is a measure of land of varying extent in different
parts of Spain.
=Page 26.=--[26.1] =concejo=, _district_, subdivided into parishes
(_parroquias_).
[26.2] =a él le salieron baratas=, _they stood him cheap_. _Salir_ = "to
turn out."
[26.3] =Andalucía.= Southernmost and largest province of Spain.
[26.4] =¿y qué hay con eso?= _and what of that?_
[26.5] =con sorna=, _with a malicious drawl_. _Sorna_ is intentional and
malicious slowness of speech or action.
[26.6] =que=, may here be rendered _only_. Cf. page 9, note 6.
[26.7] =primacía=, _superiority of rank_, _precedence_. An evident pun
on _primo_, which is of course lost in translating.
[26.8] =unos petates=, =unos hidalgüelos de mala muerte=, _a lot of
good-for-nothings_, _petty country gentry of small importance_, '_of no
account_.' Cf. _un empleíllo de mala muerte_, "a wretched little
position."
[26.9] =levantaban pendón=, _were raising their standard_.
[26.10] =tenían fundada... la horca=, _had their collegiate church
founded and the gallows set up_. A collegiate church is one which, not
being the seat of a bishop or archbishop, is governed by secular
dignitaries and canons, and in which the divine services are celebrated
as in cathedrals.
=Page 27.=--[27.1] =teniéndolo a mucho honor=, _holding it a high
honor_.
[27.2] =¿Qué tienes que partir en...?= _What have you to do with...?_
lit. "share."
[27.3] =ni=. Note that _ni_ is used instead of _o_ where negation is
expressed or even merely implied, as here.
[27.4] =pendejo=, _poltroon_.
[27.5] =sin dársele nada... de=, _without caring anything about_.
_Dársele_ = _importarle_.
[27.6] =y hasta otra=, _and that was the end of it till the next time_.
Elliptical for _hasta otra vez_.
[27.7] =tendrá ganas de irse=, _no doubt wishes to be going_. Cf. page
8, note 11.
[27.8] =avizor=, _searching_.
=Page 28.=--[28.1] =estantería=, _shelves_.
[28.2] =ojos saltones=, _goggle-eyes_.
[28.3] =lo ha olido=, _got wind of it_, _scented it out_.
[28.4] =¡Si se descuida en echar fuera al maestro!= _If she had delayed,
neglected to throw the dominie out!_ We have here a present indicative
substituted, to render the narration more graphic, for a plpf.
subjunctive. The sentence might be completed: _el otro le pide_ (=
_hubiera pedido_) _dinero_.
[28.5] =que seguía... en espera de=, _who stayed waiting for_.
[28.6] =¿gustan VV. de cenar?= It is customary in Spanish countries to
offer whatever one has in the way of food, etc., to those present, but
the invitation may be accepted only if repeated.
=Page 29.=--[29.1] =viene=, _suits_.
[29.2] =enreda algo=, _interferes somewhat_.
[29.3] =No te apures tanto, mujer=, _Don't worry so much, I tell you_.
_Mujer_ and _hombre_ are often used as expletives in familiar address by
way of emphasis or remonstrance. Cf. page 160, note 3.
[29.4] =dando las buenas noches=, _saying good-night_.
[29.5] =al tenor de=, _after the fashion of, like_.
[29.6] =Hernán-Cortés y Doña Marina=. The latter was an Indian woman,
daughter of a _cacique_, but presented as a slave to Cortés, whom she
greatly aided in his conquest, especially by serving him as interpreter.
[29.7] =funda de hilo=, _linen cover_. Hilo = "[linen] thread." Cf. Eng.
"thread-lace," which is made of linen.
=Page 30.=--[30.1] =las cuentas todas=. Note the unusual position of
_todas_, which lends emphasis.
[30.2] =No dejes de hablarle=, _Do not fail to speak to her_, i.e. of
our marriage.
[30.3] =¡No es esto...!= _Isn't that right?_
[30.4] =Allá V...., yo no llevo apunte=, _I leave it to you..., I have
no note of it_. _Llevar_ as a substitute for _tener_ has the sub-sense
of continuation.
[30.5] =echar la cuenta=, _cast the account_.
[30.6] =dando vueltas a=, _turning over_.
[30.7] =todo él estaba=, _he was wholly_.
[30.8] =concluida que fuese la cuenta=, _when the calculation should be
completed_.
[30.9] =Son=, _It is_.
=Page 31.=--[31.1] =siete cuartos=. She cheats him, but the book does
not give us data for estimating the amount of his loss.
[31.2] =después de haberle chupado la sangre=, _after having 'bled'
him_, lit. "sucked his blood."
=Page 32.=--[32.1] =se disponía a darla por terminada=, _gave signs of
considering it at an end_.
[32.2] =a espaldas de su madre=, _behind her mother's back_.
[32.3] =un sin número=, _no end of_. The phrase _sin número_ is treated
as a substantive.
[32.4] =mayormente=, _in the main_.
=Page 33.=--[33.1] =no chistaba=, _did not utter a word_.
[32.2] =¡Vaya un susto que me has dado!= _Oh, but you've given me a
fright!_
[33.3] =nada=, _not at all_.
[33.4] =en mi mano=, _in my power_.
[33.5] =dar vueltas=, _rack my brains_, lit. "go about [seeking a thing
without finding it]."
[33.6] =echáis a perder=, _spoil_.
[33.7] =Lo mismo tú que Elisa=, _You as well as Elisa_.
[33.8] =mañana u otro día=, _some day or other_.
=Page 34.=--[34.1] =de la parte de fuera=, _outside_.
[34.2] =soñado con=, _dreamed of_.
[34.3] =tenía tanto empeño en que la hablases=, _I was so anxious for
you to speak to her_.
=Page 35.=--[35.1] =Vizcaya=, one of the three Basque provinces
(Guipúzcoa, Álava, Vizcaya). Separated by the province of Santander from
Asturias.
[35.2] =Santander=, province to the east of Asturias, now incorporated
with Old Castile.
=Page 36.=--[36.1] =se veía y deseaba=, _worked very hard_, _had much
difficulty in_.
[36.2] =a los pocos meses supo=, _a few months afterward she learned_.
=Page 37.=--[37.1] =apisonada=, _hard_, lit. "rammed," "well-packed."
[37.2] =por meterse en la vida ajena=, _for meddling with other people's
affairs_.
[37.3] =cualquiera=, _any one_. Here a pron., more commonly an adj.
Grammars do not note this use.
[37.4] =en su busca=, _in search of him_. Possess. adj. replaces
objective genitive.
=Page 38.=--[38.1] =eran de oír=, _were worth hearing_.
[38.2] =de rapaz=, _as "boy."_
[38.3] =despavilar=, _rouse_. Also written _despabilar_. This quite
frequent variation is due to the fact that _b_ and _v_ have the same
phonetic values, that of a bilabial fricative generally, and that of a
bilabial explosive after _m_ (and _n_ = _m_).
=Page 39.=--[39.1] =la navegación de altura=, _sailing the high seas_.
[39.2] =una chica como una plata=, _a fine girl_, lit. "[shining] like
silver," i.e. neat and pretty. Cf. _valer tanto como la plata_, "to be
worth one's weight in gold." But also _esa niña es de oro_.
=Page 40.=--[40.1] =alguna de esas miradas.= The grammars do not note
this curious use of the singular of _alguno_ in a distributive or plural
sense. It is paralleled by the Italian _alcuno_ (e.g. _c'era alcuno
presente che diceva_). Cf. in Spanish the similar use of _tanto_: _al
ver tanto libro_, "on seeing so many books." In English the use of "many
a," "many a man," etc., is somewhat analogous.
[40.2] =nunca=, _ever_. Correlative to negative prefix in _desconfiaba_.
[40.3] =en vías de arreglo=, _in a way of being settled_. The plural is
sometimes used with a force apparently singular, but more general or
indefinite. Here the idea is perhaps "in one of a number of possible
ways." Cf. _al fin del mes_, "at the end of the month," _a fines del
mes_, "about the end of the month" (during the last days of the month?).
In the conventional forms of greeting, _buenos días_, etc., the
fundamental idea is, according to Foerster, _Spanische Sprachlehre_,
page 275, to extend the greeting to subsequent meetings.
[40.4] =romería=, journey or _pilgrimage_ made to some sanctuary. It is
mainly, however, a pleasure-trip or picnic, for when the religious
duties are accomplished, the rest of the time is given over to dancing
and other amusements.
=Page 41.=--[41.1] =en un principio=, _at first_.
[41.2] =hacer agua=, _leak_.
[41.3] =en último resultado=, _as a last resource_.
[41.4] =llevar a cabo=, _carry out_, lit. "bring to an end."
[41.5] =cavilaciones=, _worries_, _brooding_.
[41.6] =el Robledal=, _the Oaks_, lit. "oak-grove" or "oak-forest."
=Page 42.=--[42.1] =allí tomar.= Infinitive for imperative. This use is
confined to brief directions and commands.
[42.2] =a estas horas=, _at this time_ [_of night_]. Cf. page 40, note
3.
[42.3] =con el rabillo del ojo=, _out of the corner of his eye_, lit.
"with the tail of his eye."
=Page 43.=--[43.1] =con alientos.= Here the plur. seems to be merely a
stronger form of the sing., or to express the sum of courage or energy:
_with_ [_full_] _courage_.
[43.2] =¿Y cuánto te ha tocado de estas mareas?= _And how much has
fallen to your share out of this catch?_
=Page 44.=--[44.1] =hasta mañana que=, _until tomorrow when_. _Hasta
que_, used of future time, governs the subjunctive, and the insertion of
_mañana_ does not change the construction.
=Page 45.=--[45.1] =esa sin vergüenza=, _that shameless woman_. Cf. page
32, note 3.
[45.2] =echándote de cebo a su hija=, _enticing you with her daughter_,
lit. "throwing you her daughter as bait."
[45.3] =para darte a la postre con la puerta en los hocicos=, _only to
shut the door in your face at last_. _Hocico_, properly "snout."
[45.4] =hazme reír=, _laughing-stock_. Written also as one word,
_hazmerreír_. The word belongs to a somewhat limited class of compound
nouns formed of phrases, cf. _quehaceres_, "occupations," _cumpleaños_,
"birthday."
[45.5] =chino=, _simpleton_.
[45.6] =Soy dueño de dar... a quien me parezca=, _I am free to give what
is mine to whomever I like_, lit. "I am master of giving... to whomever
it seems best to me [to give it]."
[45.7] =¿Y me lo echas en cara...?= _And you twit me with it?_ lit. "and
you throw it in my face?"
[45.8] =¡No me faltaba ya más que eso!= _That caps the climax_, _that's
the last straw_, lit. "I lacked no more than that." Another form of the
phrase is _¡Eso faltaba!_
[45.9] =al pie de las calderas=, _over the kettles_. _Al pie de_ = 1.
"at the foot of," then 2. "near," "next," then 3. "about," "over."
[45.10] =andar arrastrada=, _live in misery_, lit. "go dragging along."
=Page 46.=--[46.1] =¡Anda tú...!= _Out upon you!_
[46.2] =¡Vergüenza había de darte!= _You ought to be ashamed of
yourself_, lit. "it ought to give you shame." Subj. is _ello_
understood.
[46.3] =¿Verdad?= _Don't you?_ Elliptical for _no es verdad?_
=Page 47.=--[47.1] =los acontecimientos pareció que justificaban.= The
logical order would be _pareció que_, etc. Such inversion, however, is
common where the principal verb is in sense really an auxiliary to the
second, and in such cases _que_ is often omitted.
[47.2] =cuentas galanas=, _fine calculations_, _castles in the air_.
Also _cuentas alegres_.
[47.3] =o sea=, _that is to say_. The conjunction _o_, when it denotes
not difference or separation, but equivalence, is sometimes strengthened
by the present subjunctive of the verb _ser_. Cf. Italian _ossia_.
[47.4] =ninguna=, _none other_.
=Page 48.=--[48.1] =mañana tendremos hijos=, _before long there will be
children_.
[48.2] =consentía= = _permitía_.
[48.3] =va empapada=, _is imbued_, _replete_.
[48.4] =la conocimos=, _we made her acquaintance_.
=Page 49.=--[49.1] =por la parte de tierra=, _on the land side_.
[49.2] =al cerrar el horizonte=, _where the horizon ended_. This
construction, which usually marks time, here denotes place. But the idea
of time is still present in the suggestion of the glance travelling over
the scene. The transition is very natural.
[49.3] =la costa cantábrica.= Cantabria was a province of ancient Spain,
including the north coast to the Pyrenees, Biscay and western Guipúzcoa.
The Cantabrian Mts. are the coast range of northern Spain, the western
continuation of the Pyrenees.
[49.4] =se esforzaba con ilusión en averiguar=, _tried fondly to
discover_, i.e. "tried to give herself the illusion of discovering," "to
deceive herself into believing she discovered." The same idea might be
expressed by _trataba de ilusionarse en uno de ellos_.
[49.5] =sería=, _might be_. Conditional of modified statement.
[49.6] =como que=, _since indeed_.
[49.7] =campar por sus respetos=, _to act independently_. _Campar_ = "to
be prominent," "take precedence."
=Page 50.=--[50.1] =ora... bien=, _now... now_, _at one time... at
another_. Also _ora... ora_.
[50.2] =torcía el gesto=, _made a wry face_, lit. "twisted her face."
[50.3] =antes=, _sooner_.
[50.4] =poner de manifiesto=, _make manifest_.
[50.5] =rellena=, _full to overflowing_, _very full_.
[50.6] =arbitrando recursos=, _devising means_.
[50.7] =volver sobre=, _retract_, "_go back on_."
=Page 51.=--[51.1] =bígaros=, _small sea-snails_.
[51.2] =cuyas.= Here a substitute for _las cuales_. This construction,
though objected to by grammarians, is gaining acceptance.
[51.3] =corrían=, _pursued_, _ran after_.
[51.4] =le dieran en lo vivo=, _wound him to the quick_.
[51.5] =Cayó=, _It's down_, lit. "it has fallen." Cf. page 7, note 2.
[51.6] =poner... tierra por medio=, _put distance between_ [_them_].
[51.7] =dar... en el suelo=, _fall to the ground_.
[51.8] =si bien... en ello=, _though in this case_ (_ya_) _it was men
who took pleasure in it_.
=Page 52.=--[52.1] =de buena tinta=, _on good authority_, _from a good
source_, lit. "ink."
[52.2] =al compás que=, _in proportion as_.
[52.3] =sin que dejase de echarle=, _without being sure to cast at him_.
This very curious construction is not noted in grammars or dictionaries,
not even in Cuervo's excellent _Diccionario de Construcción_. The
development of _dejar de_ as a negative may be summarized as follows: 1.
It negatives an action by denoting its cessation, e.g. _deje V. de
hablar_. 2. From "ceasing to do" the next step is "fail to begin," cf.
page 30, note 2. 3. _No dejar de_ = "nevertheless," cf. page 6, note 6.
4. _Dejar de_ = _no_, e.g. _si éramos liberales, o dejábamos de serlo_.
5. Finally, as in the present example, it comes to be merely an
expletive (here correlative to _sin_), though an expletive which adds a
certain emphasis. _No coma V. melón sin dejar de echarle sal_, "Don't
eat melon without putting salt on it." _No pase V. por Madrid sin dejar
de venir a verme._
[52.4] =le ponía semblante halagüeño=, _looked sweetly at him_, lit.
"made him a friendly face."
[52.5] =en que se deshacía el tonto=, _in which the idiot indulged_, "to
which he abandoned himself," "gave vent."
[52.6] =siempre que=, _provided that_.
=Page 53.=--[53.1] =a ver=, _let us see, and we shall see_. This
construction, imperative in force, is explainable by the ellipse of some
word like _vamos_.
[53.2] =al célebre Cristo=. This image is not really at Cudillero, but
at Candás, another small port-town of Asturias.
[53.3] =se hizo con él encontradiza=, _met him as if by chance_. The
suffix _-izo_ indicates susceptibility or tendency, "that may be met."
[53.4] =¿Qué tal?= _How goes it?_
[53.5] =caen muchos?= _are you catching many?_ lit. "are many falling?"
_Caer en el anzuelo_ is the full expression.
[53.6] =Marea muerta=, _slack tide_.
[53.7] =coge poco.= Rufo speaks of himself in the 3d person.
[53.8] =Padre no gusta cangrejos= = _Al padre no le gustan los
cangrejos_.
=Page 54.=--[54.1] =Todos, Elisa= = _Todos serán para Elisa_.
[54.2] =yo quiere mucho Elisa= = _yo quiero mucho a Elisa_.
[54.3] =Usté= = _Usted_. _Usté_ represents phonetically the common
pronunciation of this pron.
=Page 55.=--[55.1] =echo pique= = _echo a pique_, _sink_.
[55.2] =dando=, _striking_.
[55.3] =botas de montar=, _riding-boots_.
=Page 56.=--[56.1] =hasta la vista=, _au revoir_.
[56.2] =por muy arriba que=, _however far up_. Cf. page 24, note 4.
[56.3] =cabo de mar=, _harbor-master_.
[56.4] =la comandancia=, _the authorities_. In every important Spanish
port there is a military chief of marine called _comandante_, who
settles local maritime affairs which in any way concern the State. His
office is called _comandancia_.
=Page 57.=--[57. 1] =mares gruesas=, _heavy seas_, lit. "thick."
[57.2] =la hora menos pensada=, _when least expected_, lit. "the hour
least thought of."
[57.3] =diesen con ellos al través=, _drive them ashore_ [_wrecked_].
[57.4] =dar la razón a los que=, _show that those were in the right
who_.
[57.5] =levantiscos=, _turbulent_.
=Page 58.=--[58.1] =a poder de=, _by dint of_.
[58.2] =José, levanta... perdida lancha= = _José, levántate... tienes
perdida tu lancha_. Somewhat broken Spanish.
[58.3] =trajín=, _rocking_, _driving to and fro_.
=Page 59.=--[59.1] =estrellas filantes=, _shooting stars_.
[59.2] =se halló con que=, _found out that_.
[59.3] =forano=, _from the sea_, lit. "from outside."
[59.4] =tanto montaba=, _amounted to the same thing_.
=Page 60.=--[60.1] =Por la orilla adelante=, _On along the shore_.
[60.2] =barada=, _stuck_, _grounded_. _Barar_ also written _varar_.
[60.3] =cifrada=, _fixed_, lit. "calculated."
[60.4] =a pico=, _sheer_.
=Page 61.=--[61.1] =abiertos=, _torn_, lit. "opened (pierced)."
[61.2] =al arma=, _armed_, _in battle array_.
=Page 62.=--[62.1] =como si entonces tan sólo=, _as if then and then
only_.
[62.2] =se diese cuenta=, _realized_.
=Page 63.=--[63.1] ="vaga de mar," la mar alta=: "_sea_": the high waves
produced by the bursting of a storm.
[63.2] =a los dos días del suceso=, _two days after the event_. Cf. page
36, note 2.
[63.3] =bien a su pesar=, _much against his will_, lit. "in his
despite."
[63.4] =allí había andado una mano alevosa=, _a treacherous hand had
been at work in the matter_.
[63.5] =a su entender=, _in his opinion_.
=Page 64.=--[64.1] =haciendo lo posible=, _doing his best_.
[64.2] =ni mucho menos=, _far from it_.
[64.3] =mostró tomar parte muy principal=, _evinced very great
sympathy_, _gave evidence of sharing very deeply_.
[64.4] =sin soltar=, _without uttering_.
[64.5] =a lo mejor=, _suddenly_, _all at once_. Usually of something
disagreeable.
=Page 65.=--[65.1] =valía tanto como=, _was equivalent to_.
[65.2] =comenzó a correr... la especie=, _the rumor began to spread
through the town without any one knowing who had started it_. With
_saber_ supply the indefinite subject _nadie_, cf. page 3, note 5.
_Soltara_, the so-called first impf. or conditional subjunctive is by
derivation a plpf. indicative (Lat. _-averam_ > _-aram_ > _-ara_). This
value still persists, but is confined to rather elevated style, and is
usually, though not always, found in dependent clauses, not necessarily,
however, in relative clauses alone. _Soltar una especie_, "to launch a
suggestion," "throw out a feeler," "start a report."
[65.3] =puso... el dedo en la llaga=, _solved the mystery_, _struck the
nail on the head_, lit. "laid her finger on the wound."
[65.4] =Irritósele la bilis=, _her wrath was roused_, lit. "bile."
=Page 66.=--[66.1] =con los brazos en jarra=, _with arms akimbo_, lit.
"like (the handles of) a jug or jar."
=Page 67.=--[67.1] =quedaban rotas=, _would be broken_. Cf. page 12,
note 4.
[67.2] =Con esto... relaciones=, _At this José was sorrowful and
alarmed, expecting that at any time a disturbance might arise which
would destroy his already uncertain relations_. _Armar_, lit. "to stir
up," "set up."
=Page 68.=--[68.1] =¡Peldóneme!= = _¡Perdóneme!_
[68.2] =malicia=, _cunning_.
[68.3] =no sacará nada en limpio=, _you will not get to the bottom of
it_, lit. "bring nothing out clearly."
[68.4] =hasta la evidencia=, _beyond a doubt_, lit. "up to (the point
of) evidentness."
=Page 69.=--[69.1] =por no habérselo... al idiota=, _at not having been
able to find it out from the idiot_, "_get it out of him_."
[69.2] =Allá voy=, _I am coming_.
[69.3] =encontraría, vería.= Cf. page 49, note 5.
[69.4] =¿Para verte... que te ha quedado?= _The better to see that old
hag's face that you've got?_
[69.5] =acicate=, _sting_, _spur_.
=Page 70.=--[70.1] =el marica de D. Cándido=, _D. Cándido the old
woman_. _Marica_ is applied to effeminate men and to such as interfere
in woman's business. _De_ denotes apposition. _Cándido_ = simpleton.
[70.2] =velar las injurias=, _veiling one's insults_.
[70.3] =descubrirse=, _laying oneself open_ (_to prosecution_).
=Page 71.=--[71.1] =un tanto=, _somewhat_.
[71.2] =¿Que me he comido... tragaderas!= _So I ate up your son's
fishing-smack, did I? I didn't think I could swallow so large a
mouthful!_ lit. "had so good a gullet."
=Page 72.=--[72.1] =sentar plaza=, _enlist_.
[72.2] =doy parte=, _I shall inform_.
[72.3] =un soberbio mojicón de mano vuelta=, _a tremendous back-handed
blow_. For _soberbio_, cf. Fr. _fier_ used in the same sense.
[72.4] =por no soltar la tajada=, _not to let go the money_, lit.
"slice." Cf. _tener una buena tajada_ = "to have a good thing of it."
[72.5] =ya pareció aquello!= _it's out at last_, lit. "that (i.e. the
real reason) has appeared."
[72.6] =echar las uñas a=, _get your claws on_.
=Page 73.=--[73.1] =Lámete... hocico untado=, _Lick yourself, poor
thing, for your snout is greasy_. There is a sub-sense of "undeceive
yourself" in this expression; _untar la cara, el casco_ = "to flatter."
[73.2] =a mansalva= = _a mano salva_, _without risk_.
[73.3] =sin caérsele la sonrisa de los labios=, _without the smile
leaving her lips_.
[73.4] =por lo visto=, _evidently_.
[73.5] =aquello.= The allusion is to the disgrace brought upon Teresa by
her lover, the father of José.
[73.6] =¡Será terca esta mujer!= _Isn't this woman obstinate!_ Cf. page
8, note 11.
=Page 74.=--[74.1] =hacer alto=, _stop_, _halt_.
[74.2] =esgrimiendo=, _wielding_.
[74.3] =¡Anda, anda... y revientes!= _Begone, begone; go home and take
lime-tea and orange-flower, lest you get the palsy and burst_. _Tila y
azahar_ is a popular remedy for hysteria and nervousness. _No sea cosa
que_ = _no sea que_.
=Page 75.=--[75.1] =que demandase judicialmente=, _her bringing action
against_.
[75.2] =no se le conocían más bienes de fortuna=, _he was not known to
have other worldly goods_.
=Page 76.=--[76.1] =sacaba el maleficio al que no podía usar del
matrimonio=, _she removed the spell from such as could not consummate
marriage_.
=Page 77.=--[77.1] =José el de la viuda=, _José, the widow's (son)_.
[77.2] =No será tanto=, _It can't be so bad (as you think)_.
[77.3] =a eso de las nueve=, _about 9 o'clock_. Cf. page 11, note 5.
[77.4] =hasta la hubo de ciento treinta=, _there were even some with
130_. For this distributive use of the pron. cf. page 40, note 1. A
singular noun is sometimes used in the same way.
[77.5] =al otro igual=, _the next the same_.
=Page 78.=--[78.1] =¿No sabes una cosa?= _Haven't you heard the news?_
[78.2] =no les arriendo la ganancia=, _I would not be in the shoes of_,
_I would not answer for the consequences to_, lit. "I'll not rent their
profit."
[78.3] =no son para dichas=, _are not [fit] to be mentioned_. The
explanation of this construction, as of the use of the past part, after
_después de_, etc., is that the verb _ser_ is understood.
[78.4] =Creo que daban miedo=, _I should think they were frightful_.
[78.5] =relamiéndose interiormente=, _with inward relish_. _Relamerse_,
lit. "to lick one's lips."
=Page 79.=--[79.1] =cual si... carne de gallina=, _as if the monster
were getting gooseflesh_. Cf. Fr. _chair de poule_.
[79.2] =raba=, _codfish-roe_.
=Page 80.=--[80.1] =puesto que= = _aunque_.
[80.2] =cae=, _comes up_.
[80.3] =envoltura=, _veil_, _wrapping_.
[80.4] =se indicó el contraste=, _there were signs of a sudden change of
wind_ [to foul].
=Page 81.=--[81.1] =A partir de esta hora=, _from now on_.
[81.2] =desaladas=, _eager_, _breathless_. Cf. page 8, note 3.
=Page 82.=--[82.1] =en vuelta de=, _toward_, _in the direction of_. Also
_la vuelta de_.
[82.2] =borriquete de proa=, _foretopsail_.
=Page 83.=--[83.1] =salsa=, _spray_.
[2] =Phs=, _Pshaw!_ Also written _ps!_ Expressive of scorn or
indifference.
[83.3] =concha=, _bay_, _harbor_.
[83.4] =a medio izar=, cf. page 18, note 5.
=Page 84.=--[84.1] =Nicolás de la Tejera=, cf. page 77, note 1.
=Page 86.=--[86.1] =¡Vaya todo por Dios!= _God's will be done!_
[86.2] =con muchísimo ojo=, _with the greatest vigilance_.
[86.3] =que no nos llegaba la camisa al cuerpo=, _when we were beside
ourselves with fear_.
[86.4] =dio vuelta=, _capsized_.
=Page 87.=--[87.1] =morral=, _lubber_, _booby_.
[87.2] =¡La lástima fue ésa!= _A pity you didn't!_
[87.3] =arriasteis de plan=, _lower flat_.
[87.4] =estaba la mar... dulces con ella=, _the sea could be controlled
at will_, lit. "was (in a condition) for us to make sweetmeats out of
it."
[87.5] =rascándote la barriga=, _scratching your paunch_, i.e. "idling."
[87.6] =disteis fondo=, _cast anchor_.
=Page 88.=--[88.1] =hasta el tope=, _to the dregs_, lit. "to the top,"
hence "fully," "completely."
=Page 89.=--[89.1] =percance=, _accident_, _mishap_.
[89.2] =todo lo bien que=, _as well as_.
=Page 90.=--[90.1] =no había sacado... jergón=, _had not gotten even a
wretched straw tick_ [_out of it_].
[90.2] =serían, añadiese, importaría.= This use of simple for compound
tense is quite common when a negative is expressed or implied. The
effect is to render the diction more graphic.
=Page 91.=--[91.1] =que no existe... desgracia.= Dante, Inferno, V, ll.
121, ff.:
_...Nessun maggior dolore,_
_Che ricordarsi del tempo felice_
_Nella miseria;..._
[91.2] =más adelante=, _later on_.
[91.3] =andar suelta=, _circulate freely_.
=Page 92.=--[92.1] =no consentía... pareados=, _did not allow of their
walking abreast_.
=Page 93.=--[93.1] =En esto=, _Meanwhile_.
=Page 94.=--[94.1] =me las vas a pagar todas=, _you are going to pay up
for everything_. C f. page 1, note 4.
[94.2] =los lances de la faena=, _the vicissitudes of the task_.
=Page 95.=--[95.1] =desde muy antiguo=, _from of old_.
[95.2] =acaso acaso=, _perhaps, who knows?_ Repetition to express
emphasis or the superlative idea is a characteristic Romance
construction, cf. Fr. _beaucoup beaucoup_.
=Page 96.=--[96.1] =se daba traza para ir tirando=, _contrived to get
along_, lit. "found means to go pulling (along)."
[96.2] =patinejo=, _little yard_.
[96.3] =prenda=, _article of dress_.
[96.4] =el derecho de pernada=, _seignorial right_. This is the _jus
primae noctis_, _droit du seigneur_, _Herrenrecht_, according to which
the bride of a vassal belonged, for the wedding night, to the feudal
lord. The existence of this right as a part of the feudal system is a
moot question. Dr. Vicente de la Fuente, quoted by Karl Schmidt, _Jus
Primae Noctis_, Freiburg, 1881, p. 56, says: "Entre nosotros no fue
conocido ese derecho inmoral y abominable." Schmidt indeed, as the
result of a thorough historical investigation, characterizes the custom
as a legend and a "learned superstition."
=Page 97.=--[97.1] =pasando "las de Caín,"= _having "a deuce of a
time,"_ lit. "passing through the [experiences] of Cain," i.e. living
like Cain after the murder of his brother, in similar gloom and
isolation.
[97.2] =pugilato=, _struggle_.
=Page 98.=--[98.1] =en torno suyo=, _around him_.
=Page 99.=--[99.1] =no suponen nada=, _matter nothing_.
[99.2] =trozos=, _parts, places_.
[99.3] =a paso de lobo=, _stealthily_. Cf. Fr. _à pas de loup_.
=Page 100.=--[100.1] =si a los jóvenes les diese por=, _if the young
people should take it into their heads to_, _if it should occur to them
to_.
[100.2] =al poco rato de estar allí=, _when he had been there a little
while_.
[100.3] =copudos=, _umbrageous_, _with spreading top_.
[100.4] =dando la espalda=, _turning their backs_.
[100.5] =de algunos días a esta parte=, _for some days past_. Note the
habit of thought in this and similar expressions (e.g. _de poco acá_,
"recently"), which starts from a point in the past and comes down to the
present.
=Page 101.=--[101.1] =que no te salía la voz del cuerpo=, _since you
sang_.
[101.2] =redoble=, _patter_, lit. "repetition."
=Page 102.=--[102.1] =Y antes tampoco=, _Nor before either_.
[102.2] =daba lástima verlo=, _he was a pitiful sight_.
=Page 103.=--[103.1] =Me da el corazón=, _My heart tells me_.
[103.2] =La de la Luz=, short for _La de Santa María de la Luz_.
=Page 104.=--[104.1] =sesgo=, _trend_.
[104.2] =por lo bajo=, _in an undertone_.
[104.3] =el gran tacaño=, _the great scoundrel_. This phrase is the
popular title of the famous picaresque novel of Quevedo: "Historia de la
vida del buscón llamado Don Pablos, Ejemplo de vagamundos y Espejo de
tacaños."
[104.4] =echársela de rumboso=, _to play the generous_.
[104.5] =echar todo el vaso al cuerpo=, _to drink the whole glass_.
[104.6] =en un decir Jesús=, _in an instant_, "_before you could say
Jack Robinson_."
[104.7] =y anda que... del todo=, _and upon my word Ramona didn't behave
at all badly either_.
[104.8] =le echó mano=, _laid hands on him_.
=Page 105.=--[105.1] =asustara=. Cf. page 65, note 2.
=Page 106.=--[106.1] =nos estamos poniendo como una sopa=, _we are
getting sopping wet_.
[106.2] =un noble, cuanto singular proyecto=, _a project as noble as (it
was) unique_. _Cuanto_ thus used includes its antecedent correlative
_tanto_.
=Page 107.=--[107.1] =dar una vuelta=, _take a walk_.
[107.2] =se echó a la calle=, _started into the street_.
[107.3] =Vamos a ver... ¿verdad?= _Let us see, José, you must be
somewhat hard up for money, aren't you?_
=Page 108.=--[108.1] =Phs... así así=, _Oh, tolerably, "so so."_
[108.2] =No sólo de pan vive el hombre=, a paraphrase of the famous
Biblical passage. In the Spanish Bible it is, in Deut. 8, 3: _El hombre
no vivirá de sólo pan_; in Matt. 4, 4: _No con sólo el pan vivirá el
hombre_, and in Luke 4, 4: _No con pan sólo vivirá el hombre_.
[108.3] =Con Elisa... nada ya=, _I haven't anything to do with Elisa
now_.
[108.4] =estás en amores con Elisa=, _you and Elisa are sweethearts_.
[108.5] =mucha mayor=. Note that _mucho_ and _poco_, when modifying a
singular comparative, agree like adjectives if a feminine noun follow.
=Page 109.=--[109.1] =la reconquista=, _the reconquest_ (of Spain from
the Moors).
[109.2] =corregidor=, _chief magistrate_, _town governor_. An officer of
the Crown, originally holding an authority concurrent with that of the
_regidores_ or councillors, but who gradually usurped the whole
municipal government.
[109.3] =su ilustrísima=, _his lordship_.
[109.4] =a allá=, _over there, thither_.
=Page 110.=--[110.1] =Cuando a un Meira... ceja y ceja=, _When a Metra
takes something into his head_, lit. "between eyebrow and eyebrow."
[110.2] =deja lo demás de mi cuenta=, _leave the rest to me_.
[110.3] =el mes que viene=, _the coming month_.
=Page 111.=--[111.1] =dar un saleo=, _take a boat-ride_. _Salearse por
el mar_ is parallel to _pasearse por la tierra_.
[111.2] =pásate por mi casa=, _call at my house_.
[111.3] =gestionar=, _negotiate_.
[111.4] =todo se volvía=... =de su casa=, _he did nothing but speculate
as he made his way home_, lit. "all (the affair) turned into brooding."
[111.5] =en tanto que no=, _until_.
=Page 112.=--[112.1] =las Consistoriales=, _the town-hall_. Supply
_casas_.
=Page 114.=--[114.1] =miraba de hito en hito=, _looked fixedly at_.
[114.2] =Como... se callase=. Cf. page 20, note 3.
[114.3] =se creyó en el caso de=, _thought himself in a position to_.
=Page 115.=--[115.1] =cuarteles=, _quarterings_.
[115.2] =punto de honor=, _honor point_.
[115.3] =azur y banda de plata... arminios de sable=, _azure_, _a bend
argent_, _with dragons' heads or_; _a bordure argent_, _with eight
ermines sable_.
[115.4] =gules y una puente... cruces llanas de azur=, _gules_, _a
bridge argent with three arches_, _through which runs a mighty river_;
_and a tower or ascendant from the midst of the bridge_; _a bordure
argent and eight plain crosses azure_.
[115.5] =la primera de plata... al pie del tronco=, _the first argent_,
_a lion rampant sable_; _the second or_, _a tree issuant from a mound
and in foliage_, _with a bird placed upon the top and a dog baying at
the foot of the trunk_.
=Page 116.=--[116.1] =de plata... en sautor=, _argent_, _five ravens
sable in saltire_.
[116.2] =de oro y un castillo... en la punta=, _or, a castle gules in
base, surmounted by a warrior armed with a halberd, naissant from the
turret, accompanied by five roundlets vert and argent, placed two on
each side and one at the point_.
[116.3] =la orden de Santiago.= One of the three great military orders
of Spain: Calatrava, Santiago and Alcántara.
[116.4] =jurado=, _jurat_. The jurats were a body who watched, in the
interests of the inhabitants, the proceedings of the _regidores_,
raising protests against unpopular measures.
[116.5] =procurador en las Cortes de Toro=, _deputy to the parliament of
Toro_. Two important parliaments sat at this city, summoned by Henry II,
of Trastamara, in 1369 and 1371.
[116.6] =Consejo de Italia.= An administrative council for the Spanish
possessions in Italy, established by Charles V in 1555.
[116.7] =oidor de la real Audiencia=, _judge of the royal court of
appeal_.
[116.8] =regidor=, _ruler_.
=Page 117.=--[117.1] =La luna rielaba su pálida luz=, _The pale light of
the moon gleamed_, lit. "The moon made its pale light to sparkle."
_Rielar_ is usually intransitive.
[117.2] =Vamos allá=, _Let us to work_.
=Page 118.=--[118.1] =haciéndole falta=, _when you need it_, i.e. the
money (_cuartos_).
[118.2] =descompuesto=, _violent_.
=Page 119.=--[119.1] =subió todavía algunos palmos=, _rose several
degrees higher_, lit. several spans more. Cf. Fr. _encore quelques..._
[119.2] =Renacimiento=, _Renaissance_.
[119.3] =a fuer de verídicos=, _on our word as a truthful author_.
=Page 120.=--[120.1] =desperdicios=, _largess_.
[120.2] =por si=, _if_, _in case_.
[120.3] =que... sacase un rédito=, _for him to set up a nice little shop
and get an income from it_.
[120.4] =nada=, _nothing of the sort_.
[120.5] =cuatro días=, _a few_, _a couple of days_. _Cuatro_ is used as
an indefinite numeral.
[120.6] =al paso=, _going along_, _passing by_.
[120.7] =cartuchito=, _little paper_ [_roll_].
[120.8] =los buenos tiempos de la casa de Austria=, the 16th and 17th
centuries, during which the Spanish branch of the house of Austria
occupied the throne.
=Page 121.=--[121.1] =subían de punto=, _increased_.
[121.2] =por dos o tres veces=, _twice or thrice over_.
[121.3] =discreteos=, _conceits, clever speeches_.
[121.4] =fe de bautismo=, _certificate of baptism_.
[121.5] =a la mayor brevedad=, _very shortly_.
=Page 122.=--[122.1] =camarín=, _shrine_.
[122.2] =pusiese=, _made offering of_.
[122.3] =sin probar bocado=, _without tasting a mouthful_.
=Page 123.=--[123.1] =¡Calle!= _Strange!_
[123.2] =echó a andar en pos de ella=, _began to follow her_.
[123.3] =uña y carne de=, _hand and glove with_, lit. "nail and flesh."
[123.4] =esa cara de mosquita muerta=, _that innocent-looking face of
yours_. _Mosquita muerta_, "demure person," "hypocrite."
[123.5] =Yo te arreglaré, buena pieza=, _I'll settle you, my fine girl_.
[123.6] =a pie juntillas=, _firmly_, _tenaciously_, lit. "with feet
together." Also _a pie juntillo_.
=Page 124.=--[124.1] =desabrimiento=, _estrangement_.
=Page 125.=--[125.1] =ves= = _ve_, _go_. This colloquial form of the
imperative is parallel to the French forms in-_s_ of the first conj.,
found before _en_ and _y_, e.g. _donnes-en_, _vas-y_. The form _vas_ is
even found under the same condition as here, viz. before the preposition
_à_, e.g. _vas à la veillée_, Mérimée, Colomba, C. XII. Indicative
influence is the usual explanation.
[125.2] =para bruja=, _to be a witch_, "_for a witch_," cf. page 78,
note 3.
[125.3] ¡=cómo saca los pies de las alforjas=! _how bold she's getting_!
lit. "getting her feet out of the saddle-bags."
[125.4] =pichona=, _sweetheart_, _dove_.
=Page 126.=--[126.1] =a cuestas=, _on her shoulders_.
[126.2] =¡Qué he de ser buena!= _Good, am I?_ lit. "How can I be good?"
[126.3] =¡Si soy una bestia!= _Oh, but I am a brute!_ This is the
expletive use of _si_ (often rendered "why"), to be explained by an
ellipse, perhaps of _qué_ or a verb of asking.
=Page 127.=--[127.1] =dieron en el pueblo=, _reached the town_, "_struck
the town_."
=Page 128.=--[128.1] =cuando=, _if_.
[128.2] =ponerlo en vías de obra=, _begin its realization_, cf. page 40,
note 3.
[128.3] =que el castillo viniese en socorro del estado llano=, _that the
nobility should come to the aid of the commons_.
[128.4] =ni menos=, _much less_.
=Page 129.=--[129.1] =y así por el estilo=, _and so on_, lit. "and thus
in the (same) style."
[129.2] =Quedamos en eso=, _Agreed_, lit. "We abide by that."
[129.3] =a desobedecer... contigo.= This right of sequestration of a
minor for the purpose of contracting marriage when the parents refuse
their consent without just cause is a feature of Spanish law. The
institution is sufficiently explained by the episode which follows.
[129.4] =empeño=, _trouble, effort_.
=Page 130.=--[130.1] =la guerra de América.= The reference is to the
conquests of Cortés, Pizarro, etc.
[130.2] =se descarriase=, _should lose himself in digressions_, lit. "go
astray."
=Page 131.=--[131.1] =solicitud=, _petition_.
=Page 132.=--[132.1] =en achaque de letras=, _in the matter of
learning_.
[132.2] =no puedo menos de=, _I cannot help_, lit. "can (do) no less
than."
[132.3] =al cabo=, _after all_. Cf. above, where the usual meaning, "at
last," fits better.
[132.4] =fuera de sí=, _beside himself_.
=Page 133.=--[133.1] =al tanto de=, _familiar with_. Cf. page 8, note 5.
[133.2] =lo que procede=, _the manner of proceeding_.
[133.3] =se ratifica en=, _confirms_.
=Page 134.=--[134.1] =entre luz y luz=, _at twilight_. Also _entre dos
luces_.
[134.2] =Quedamos... en que.= Cf. page 129, note 2.
=Page 135.=--[135.1] =bastón=, _staff_.
[135.2] =estuvo para huir=, _was on the point of escaping_.
=Page 136.=--[136.1] =a primera hora=, _early_.
[136.2] =baqueta=, _sole-leather_. Also _vaqueta_.
[136.3] =por=, _in_, _out of_.
[136.4] =cosa que lo valga=, _something of the sort_, lit. something to
equal it.
[136.5] =dado... la vuelta al pueblo=, _gone the round of the town_.
=Page 137.=--[137.1] =llorar con=, _weep over_. Cf. page 34, note 2.
[137.2] =estaba constipado=, _had a cold_.
[137.3] =un príncipe de malísimas pulgas=, _a most ill-tempered prince_.
_Pulgas_, "fleas"; hence _de malas pulgas_, "easily stung," "roused (to
anger)."
[137.4] =en qué paraba=, _how it turned out_, lit. "in what it stopped."
[137.5] =¡cuánto pasó!= _how much she went through!_
[137.6] =desde luego=, _forthwith_.
[137.7] =tienes azogue=, _you are very restless_, lit. "you have
quicksilver (in you)."
=Page 138.=--[138.1] =con bien=, _well_, _with advantage_.
[138.2] =no lo quiso ver mejor=, _desired nothing better_.
=Page 139.=--[139.1] =siempre=, _still_.
[139.2] =opaca=, _thick_, _husky_.
[139.3] =reservado=, _one requiring circumspection_.
[139.4] =casa=, _dwelling_.
[139.5] =el que no se le escapasen de las órbitas=, _their not starting
from their sockets_. The article _el_ modifies the following noun
clause.
[139.6] =está en el celo=, _is impassioned_.
[139.7] =a escape=, _post-haste_.
=Page 140.=--[140.1] =atusase=, _stroked_.
[140.2] =la procesión le andaba por dentro=, _he was pretty well stirred
up_ [though he did not show it].
[140.3] =se las ha arreglado=, _has arranged matters_.
=Page 141.=--[141.1] =porque si no... en un patatús=, _because
otherwise, some fine day she would have had a fit_. Here the present
tense is substituted for the compound conditional for the purpose of
graphic narration. _Si no llego a bajar ayer, de fijo me manda al
médico_, "If I had not gotten down-stairs yesterday, he would certainly
have sent the doctor to me." Cf. page 28, note 4.
[141.2] =¡No se van a llevar mal chasco ella y su galán!= _She and her
lover are going to have no small disappointment!_
[141.3] =que va a enfermar=, _or you'll get sick_.
[141.4] =tenga V. presente=, _bear in mind_.
[141.5] =había ascendido desde soldado=, _had risen from the ranks_.
=Page 142.=--[142.1] =extendía estas diligencias=, _executed these
formalities_.
=Page 143.=--[143.1] =de forma que=, _so that_.
[143.2] =que no le pesaba nada=, _who was not at all sorry_. Cf. the
more usual construction two lines below. The former is however a
thoroughly Spanish construction, though more common in the older
language than to-day. Cf. _que estaba diciéndoles su ama_, "to whom his
housekeeper was saying." D. Quijote, I, ch. V. It is in reality a sort
of aposiopesis: "whom--it did not at all grieve her (dat.)."
[143.3] =poco ni mucho=, _at all_, lit. "little or much."
[143.4] =estamos en paz=, _the matter is settled_.
[143.5] =sonrió con el borde de los labios=, _smiled a forced smile_.
Cf. Fr. _sourire du bout des lèvres, des dents_.
[143.6] =A mí me daba en la nariz=, _I scented it out_.
[143.7] =camino de=, _on the road to_.
[143.8] =atisbaron=, _espied_.
=Page 144.=--[144.1] =en poco estuvo... ahogasen=. Cf. page 11, note 4.
=Page 145.=--[145.1] =en tanto=, _meanwhile_.
[145.2] =por lo pronto=, _for the time being_.
[145.3] =dando vueltas=, _pacing up and down_.
=Page 146.=--[146.1] =la traía pesarosa=, _kept her sorrowful,
troubled_.
[146.2] =a la par=, _equally, alike_.
[146.3] =Tal vez que otra, muy rara=, _Once in a while, very seldom_.
Cf. _alguno que otro, uno que otro, tarde que temprano_. In such
expressions que seems to have a comparative force.
=Page 147.=--[147.1] =con que se había quedado=, _which he had had
left_.
[147.2] =se habría huido por el mundo=, _might be wandering about in the
world_.
=Page 148.=--[148.1] =la de la piedra de marras=, _the old [trick] with
the stone_. _De marras_, adverbial phrase of time = "formerly,"
"previously."
=Page 149.=--[149.1] =dando las boqueadas=, _at the last gasp_.
[149.2] =tornadizo=, _changeful_.
=Page 150.=--[150.1] =huraño=, _grim_.
[150.2] =se supo de modo evidente=, _it was ascertained beyond a doubt_.
[150.3] =la montaña=, _the mountains, mountainous country_.
[150.4] =Se dio por supuesto=, _It was taken for granted_.
[150.5] =iría=, _was probably going_.
[150.6] =buscar dinero a réditos=, _get money on interest_.
[150.7] =se habría matado=, _must have got killed_.
[150.8] =Sea de esto lo que quiera=, _Be this as it may_.
[150.9] =caviloso=, _brooding_.
=Page 151.=--[151.1] =El tiempo vino tan recio=, _The weather came on so
heavy_.
[151.2] =revolver=, _return_ (to the fishing) = _dar la vuelta_.
=Page 152.=--[152.1] =qué barbaridad!= _what frightful weather!_
[152.2] =la mayor... la unción=, _the mainsail, spritsail, foresail,
foretopsail and storm-trysail_.
=Page 153.=--[153.1] =da la vuelta=, _turn about_.
[153.2] =A cambiar=, _About ship_.
[153.3] =¡Si no podía menos!= _Well, it couldn't be otherwise!_
=Page 154.=--[154.1] =¡Ah de la lancha!= _Ship ahoy!_
[154.2] =¿después que yo lo puse?= _after I showed one?_
[154.3] =sin hacer maldito el caso=, _without paying the slightest
attention_.
[154.4] =amanecen hoy=, _turn up this morning_.
[154.5] =¿cualquiera se queda tuerto porque el vecino ciegue?= _any one
will lose an eye_ (lit. "become one-eyed") _that his neighbor may go
blind?_ i.e. will do anything to get ahead of the rest.
[154.6] =Lo gracioso=, _The funny part of it_.
=Page 155.=--[155.1] =esos babiecas... con qué bueyes ara=, _those dolts
think they are going to deceive each other, while here we all, wise or
foolish, know only too well with what people we are dealing_, lit.
"...he who knows most and he who knows least have their loins aching
from knowing with what oxen they are ploughing." _Al que más y al que
menos_ = _al que más sepa y al que menos sepa le duelen los riñones_ =
_es cansado, hastiado_; _con qué bueyes ara_ = _con qué gente trata_.
[155.2] =cómo=, _how that_.
[155.3] =otro tanto=, _the same_.
=Page 156.=--[156.1] =amarrando... el puño del borriquete=, _making fast
the foretopsail clew_.
[156.2] =¡Arriar en banda escotas y drizas!= _Let go amain sheets and
halliards!_
[156.3] =bien a punto=, _in the nick of time_.
[156.4] =¡Cómo has olido el trallazo recondenado!= _How did you feel the
confounded squall coming?_ _Trallazo_, lit., "crack of the whip-lash"
(_tralla_).
=Page 157.=--[157.1] =ser=, _become_.
[157.2] =Traed=, _Raise_.
[157.3] =arribó=, _bore away_.
=Page 158.=--[158.1] =Nada de amilanarse=, _No flinching_.
[158.2] =así y todo=, _nevertheless, for all this_.
=Page 159.=--[159.1] =de todo punto=, _quite_.
[159.2] =temporal deshecho=, _violent storm_.
=Page 160.=--[160.1] =desarbolar del medio=, _take down the mainmast_.
[160.2] =¡ya no hay comedia!= _the game is up!_
[160.3] =¿hombre de Dios?= _man alive?_
[160.4] =las asistía=, _was on their side_, lit. "attended them."
=Page 161.=--[161.1] =torcían el hocico=, _screwed up their faces_.
[161.2] =bajo=, _shoal_.
=Page 162.=--[162.1] =cuenta de ellos=, _their affair_.
[162.2] =¡Vaya si hay tiempo!= _Of course there's time!_
[162.3] =corralada=, _enclosure_. _-Ada_ has a collective force: "the
yard and its contents" (of outhouses, etc.).
=Page 163.=--[163.1] =Carrero=. Some of the names applied to these
_bajos_ have a meaning, others seem to be fanciful. _Huesos de San
Pedro_ is evident. _Torno_ means peg, lathe, wheel, etc. _Furada_ is
from _furar_, an Asturian word meaning to bore (_horadar_). _Carrero_
has the meaning of driver, carter, which, however, does not seem to fit
here. A meaning for _Cobanín_ was not found. Indeed, _Torno_ and
_Carrero_ also seem devoid of signification as used here.
=Page 164.=--[164.1] =escalera de caracol=, _winding stair_.
=Page 165.=--[165.1] =evasivas=, _evasions_.
[165.2] =las altas horas de la noche=, _late into the night_.
=Page 166.=--[166.1] =Cuando Dios amaneció=, _When day broke_.
[166.2] =un funeral=, _a funeral service_.
[166.3] =arribado=, _put in_.
=Page 167.=--[168.1] =Allá, a la tarde=, _on in the afternoon_.
=Page 168.=--[168.1] =el esposo de su alma... el hijo de sus entrañas=,
_their beloved husband, their darling child (child of their bosom)_.
[168.2] =sintió en la garganta un nudo tan estrecho=, _felt so big a
lump in her throat_.
[168.3] =por menudo=, _minutely_.
[168.4] =las peripecias de la jornada=, _the vicissitudes of the trip_.
=Page 170.=--[170.1] =dejando señalado=, _having fixed_.