1879--ULUNDI
A woman in a basket--“Wait for the waggon”--Zulu attacks on our
square feeble, and isolated--Rundle’s guns always outside
square--Lord Wolseley arrives--I return to England--Tribute to
the Prince Imperial.
General Newdigate played a joke on me as we passed his camp. When
leaving for the frontier with the empty waggons, I sent him a very
old woman, virtually nothing but skin and bone. She was bright and
intelligent, but so emaciated that we lifted her about in a basket no
larger than a fish basket given in a London shop. I had personally
carried her out of a burning kraal to save her life, and, not wanting
to take her farther from her own people, I sent her over to General
Newdigate on the day I marched back to Landtman’s Drift, with my
compliments, and expression of a hope that he would feed her. This he
did; but when I returned to my camp on the evening of the 16th, for I
had ridden nearly to the spot where we intended to encamp next day, I
found the old woman waiting for me, the General having sent her back by
an orderly, who carried her as if she were a parcel of fish, saying,
“General Newdigate’s compliments, and he thinks you would like to have
the old woman back again.”
I was ahead with the Advanced guard, when the bands of the 13th and
90th Light Infantry, as they passed the 2nd Division camp, played with
fine sarcasm, “Wait for the Waggon,” there having been considerable
emulation in the two Columns, the 2nd Division wanting to lead, and the
Flying Column wanting to keep its place. It did so, led into Ulundi,
and followed in the rear of the 2nd Division when Lord Chelmsford came
back to the high ground.
On the 1st of July we descended the Entonjaneni to the White Umvolosi,
5 miles south of Ulundi. Moving off before 7 a.m., it was nearly two
o’clock before the last of the 100 waggons of the Flying Column were
laagered, and had the Zulus shown the initiative and audacity which
characterised them early in the war, they might have inflicted severe
loss upon us, if they had not indeed destroyed a portion of the force.
They were, however, then discussing the terms of peace to be offered to
Lord Chelmsford, and on the 2nd of July, at a meeting attended by the
Prime Minister, Mnyamane, who was present at the attack at Kambula, and
Sirayo, and four other Chiefs, it was resolved to send to the British
General “the Royal Coronation white cattle.” These had indeed started,
and were within 5 miles of our camp when the Umcityu (sharp pointed)
Regiment drove them back, and insisted on the Chiefs giving battle.
On the 3rd of July I sent Colonel Redvers Buller across the Umvolosi to
reconnoitre the ground on which Lord Chelmsford fought on the following
day, and although he lost three men killed and the same number wounded,
the information obtained was worth more than the lives of a larger
number of soldiers. That day at twelve o’clock I had 120 of our trek
oxen, which, taken at Isandwhlana, had been sent by Cetewayo to us,
driven back across the Umvolosi. These cattle had been accepted only on
the condition that Cetewayo complied with the demands which the High
Commissioner had made on him.
That afternoon Lord Chelmsford told me he wished the Flying Column to
lead the attack. Parading the Column, I said, “Now, my men, we have
done with laagering, and we are going to meet the Zulus in the open;
you will remember how on the 24th of January I read out to you the
news of the disaster at Isandwhlana, so I expect that you will to-day
believe that anything I tell you is, to the best of my judgment,
correct. I cannot promise that you will all be alive to-morrow evening,
but if you remain steady, and wait for the word of the officers before
delivering your fire, I promise you that at sundown there will be no
Zulu within reach of our mounted men, and that you will not see any
from an early hour in the day.”
At 6.30 next morning we moved over the river, marching in hollow
square; we stood on some rising ground selected by Colonel Buller
the previous day, and on which for five-and-twenty minutes we were
attacked by 12,000 or 15,000 Zulus. The Regiments came on in a hurried,
disorderly manner, which contrasted strangely with the methodical,
steady order in which they had advanced at Kambula on the 29th of
March, for now not only battalions, but regiments, became mixed up
before they came under fire. There were most Regiments represented on
our left; the actual front of the square was attacked by the Udloko and
Amahwenkwee, about 3000 men. Usibebu was the only Chief who came within
600 yards of us, and when he was wounded, his Regiment, the Udloko,
generally lost heart, although, the moment the firing ceased and I rode
out to the front of the square to where Lieutenant H. M. L. Rundle,
Royal Artillery, had been working two machine guns, I counted sixty
dead bodies in the long grass within seventy paces of the front of the
Gatlings.
When the attack slackened and our men began to cheer, led by men who
had not been at Kambula, I angrily ordered them to be silent, saying,
“The fun has scarcely begun;” but their instinct was more accurate than
mine, who, having seen the Zulus come on grandly for over four hours in
March, could not believe they would make so half-hearted an attack.
As we marched back to our camp the men remarked that their General’s
forecast of the previous day was accurate.
Although I was satisfied that the war was now over, inasmuch as
single men of Wood’s Irregulars, of which there were about 500, were
willing to go anywhere in Zululand with a message, we did not omit any
precautions. Scouting parties preceded the Column, and flankers were
pushed out, as we moved towards the coast to meet Sir Garnet Wolseley,
and not until the 20th of July did I take my clothes off at night. The
day after the action, I wrote to Lord Chelmsford’s Staff officer: “His
Excellency has frequently been good enough to speak with approbation
of the order, regularity, and celerity of this Column. I feel that
eighteen months of incessant work in the Field, which has not been
without anxiety, more or less constant, makes it advisable, both in
the interest of the Service, and for the sake of my own health and
efficiency, that I should have a relaxation of work if only for a short
time. I desire, therefore, to place on record that the good service
done by this Column is due to the cheerful, untiring obedience of
soldiers of all Ranks, which has rendered my executive duties a source
of continued pleasure, and to the efforts of the undermentioned Staff,
Regimental, and Departmental officers, many of whom have worked day and
night to carry out my wishes....”
Lord Chelmsford that evening published a congratulatory order to the
Troops, ending thus:--
“The two Columns being about to separate, the Lieutenant-General begs
to tender his best thanks to Brigadier-General E. Wood, V.C., C.B., for
the assistance rendered him during the recent operations.”[200]
I received a letter dated the 9th July, Port Durnford, from Sir Garnet
Wolseley: “Just a line to congratulate you on all you have done for the
State. You and Buller have been the bright spots in this miserable war,
and all through I have felt proud that I numbered you among my friends,
and companions-in-arms.”
On the 15th of July, Sir Garnet Wolseley and his Staff arrived at
sunset, and intimated his intention of seeing the Column next morning.
In order to mark the difference between War and Peace service, I had
caused a supply of pipeclay to be brought from Natal, and throughout
the night of the 14th our men were employed in washing out the coffee
colour with which we had stained our white belts in January, and
pipeclaying them, so that next day when we marched past, although the
clothing was ragged, the men’s belts and rifles were as clean as if
they had been parading in Hyde Park.
I entertained the General and his Staff, and at dinner Sir Garnet
Wolseley asked me: “Who were the Natives I saw going westwards over
the hill at the rear of the camp?” I replied: “Wood’s Irregulars, who
were engaged to serve only with me personally; I paid them up and sent
them home.” He said, “You were in a great hurry.” I reminded him that
in December 1873, when one of my Sierra Leone men had lost his eye in
action, he disapproved of the Regimental Board which I had convened,
and which had awarded him £5. I did not mention I had personally paid
the £5, but added: “I was so afraid of your economical spirit that I
have compensated Wood’s Irregulars, and let them go.”
Next morning Sir Garnet Wolseley spoke to me on his proposed
arrangements for attacking Sekukuni. I knew what was coming, as I had
seen a letter he had written to Lord Chelmsford, saying, “I mean to
send Wood up, as we can trust him, to settle Sekukuni.” Sir Garnet
said: “Now, I know that you have had hard work, but I want you to do
some more, and propose to give you an adequate Force to bring Sekukuni
to terms.” I replied: “I haven’t had an unbroken night’s rest for
eight months, and am not of the same value as I was last January,
and therefore do not feel justified in accepting any command for the
present. If you will not let me go to England, I must go to sea for a
fortnight or so, for without a rest it is impossible for me to do for
you, or the Country, good service.” “Well, then, how about Buller,
is he fit?” “No, he has said nothing about it; but he is even more
‘run down’ than I am, his legs being covered with suppurating Natal
sores--and so the Chief acquiesced in our departure, and issued the
following order:--
“In notifying the Army in South Africa that Brigadier-General Wood,
V.C., C.B., and Lieutenant-Colonel Buller, C.B., are about to leave
Zululand for England, Sir Garnet Wolseley desires to place on record
his high appreciation of the services they have rendered during the
war, which their military ability and untiring energy have so largely
contributed in bringing to an end. The success which has attended the
operations of the Flying Column is largely due to General Wood’s genius
for war, to the admirable system he has established in his command, and
to the zeal and energy with which his ably conceived plans have been
carried out by Colonel Buller.”
Sir Garnet Wolseley informed me he would urge the Commander-in-Chief
to promote me to the rank of Major-General, and did so, but the
application was refused. Later he wrote from Pretoria: “I am sore at
heart in not being able to address you as ‘Major-General.’ When will
our Military Authorities learn wisdom?”
On the 18th of July I left the Flying Column, and their shout, “God
speed you,” made my eyes moisten. We had served together, one battalion
eight months, and the other for eighteen months. Much of the time had
been fraught with anxiety; the good-bye of these men, of whom it was
commonly said in South Africa, “I worked their souls out,” and whom I
had necessarily treated with the sternest discipline, was such that I
have never forgotten.
As I was leaving camp the Natives attached to the Companies of the
90th Light Infantry asked to speak to me, and their leader said: “Are
you not going for a long journey?” “Yes.” “How far?--For a moon?” “Oh,
longer than a moon.” “Well, you promised you would compensate us for
the women killed by Umbiline after the battle of Kambula.” “Yes, that
is true; but, as I said at the time, I should not pay until I was
convinced that you actually possessed the number of wives for which you
have claimed, and the Landrost has not yet certified to the numbers,
although I have written to him many times.” Their spokesman said: “May
we understand that it is you, Lakuni,[201] who will decide the point,
or shall you have to refer it to Government?” “I can and will decide
the point myself, for I have a large balance of cattle money forfeited
by the men of Wood’s Irregulars who left the Column on the night of
the 28th March, after their return from the Inhlobane, and when I am
satisfied of your loss I will make it good.” They threw their sticks in
the air, and shouted “Good-bye, we are content.”
I no longer required an escort, but told the ten men who had been with
me for fifteen months, had incurred more danger than any other soldiers
in the Column, and had worked longer hours, that if they liked to
follow me to Maritzburg they could have a week’s holiday, and I would
give them as good a dinner as the city could produce; and they came
with me.
Colonel Buller and I rode down together through Ekowe, where we learned
that we had received a step in the Order of the Bath, Buller having
been made a Companion of the Bath after the operations in the Amatola
Mountains. My reward was induced by a letter written by Sir Bartle
Frere on the 27th of March, two days before the battle of Kambula,
in which he urged on the Secretary of State for the Colonies the
great value of the service performed by Colonel Pearson and myself,
dilating on the political effect of our maintaining positions so far
advanced in Zululand as to render invasion of Natal by the Zulu army
in force an operation of extreme peril. My friend Pearson received the
Companionship of the Bath. Lord Chelmsford, who had preceded me to
Maritzburg, wrote me the following letter:--
“My hearty congratulations on your promotion to K.C.B.; it ought to
have been given to you months ago. The Authorities have apparently woke
up and realised the fact that you had not in any way been rewarded for
your good work in the old Colony, and at the beginning of this war I
hope they will also understand that a good deal is still due to you for
Ulundi.” This kind wish was not, however, fulfilled.
The inhabitants of Maritzburg entertained Lord Chelmsford at dinner,
and in speaking after it he took the opportunity of again thanking
me in the following words: “I never would have believed it possible
for any General to receive such assistance and devotion as I have
experienced from my men.... It would be invidious to particularise
individuals and services, but when I look back eighteen months two
names stand out in broad relief, the names of Wood and Buller. I can
say that these two have been my Right and Left supporters during the
whole of my time in the country.”
I took some interest in the dinner I gave to my escort at the principal
hotel. It was costly, and the variety of the liquids which my guests
ordered was astonishing, for they drank beer and every sort of wine to
be found in a hotel cellar. Sir Redvers Buller and I were occupying
the same bedroom, the city being crowded, and when Walkinshaw, my
Orderly Bugler, brought us our baths at 4 a.m. next day, Sir Redvers
asked Walkinshaw, “How is your head?” “Not very well, sir.” I, being
interested in discipline, asked as he left the room, “I hope they all
got home?” “Yes, sir.” He is an accurate and truthful man, for he put
in his head and added,--“they had carts and wheelbarrows.”
The Cape Town people also entertained us, and the ladies of the Colony
gave me in 1880 a very handsome embossed silver shield for my services
in the suppression of the Gaika outbreak, and later I received an
address with a beautiful service of plate from the inhabitants of Natal.
Steaming by St. Helena and Ascension, we reached Plymouth on the 26th
August, where my wife, brother, and sisters met me, and I went as soon
as possible on a visit to my brother-in-law at Belhus, where my mother
was staying, Sir Thomas Lennard’s tenantry giving me a great reception.
The village of Aveley was decorated, and the inhabitants taking out the
horses pulled the carriage up to the house.
The Fishmongers’ Company, of which I had become a liveryman in 1874,
entertained me at dinner on the 30th September. I took the opportunity,
on being asked to speak on South Africa, to try to do justice to Sir
Bartle Frere, whom I termed, and after twenty-five years’ experience
still regard, as the greatest High Commissioner South Africa has seen;
the greatest not only in his treatment of barbaric peoples, but in
unflinching courage and rectitude of purpose. The trust he placed in
me was the means not only of winning over some valuable allies, but
of neutralising the position of many colonists of Dutch extraction,
who otherwise would have swelled the number of discontented Boers who
assembled at Pretoria to protest against our Government.
I spoke also of my comrades, mostly deceased, who had done so much
for England, purposely making no difference between officers,
non-commissioned officers, and privates who had distinguished
themselves. While some newspapers unduly praised me, I was taken to
task for naming anyone by a few anonymous correspondents of the daily
Press. After paying this tribute of respect to the memory of those
who had given up their lives while under my command in defending the
interests of the country, I spoke of the Prince Imperial as follows:
“In remembering those brave spirits and that gallant youth--the son of
England’s Ally--whose mother is our honoured guest, I am reminded of
the question and answer in Shakespeare, for humanity is the same in
all ages. When Rosse said to Siward--
‘Your son, My Lord, has paid a soldier’s debt:
He only lived but till he was a man,
The which, no sooner had his prowess confirm’d
In the unshrinking station where he fought,
But like a man he died,’
the bereaved parent asked, ‘Had he his hurts before?’ and on being
told, ‘Ay, on the front,’ replied--
‘Why then, God’s soldier be he,
Had I as many sons as I have hairs,
I would not wish them to a fairer death.’
Of the gallant Prince Imperial we may say, ‘Ay, all eighteen wounds on
the front.’”