A COLLEGE CONTEMPLATED BY MR. WHEELOCK.--LORD DARTMOUTH.--OCCOM AND
WHITAKER IN GREAT BRITAIN.
Mr. Wheelock held relations more or less intimate with the leading
educational institutions of the country. But his favorite college was
at Princeton, New Jersey, far removed from his own residence. A warm
friendship subsisted between him and many of its officers, and thither
he sent most of his students for a considerable period. The
inconvenience of doing this, may have suggested the idea of a college
in connection with his school. However this may have been, nothing
short of a college could satisfy him. The following letter, written in
April, 1763, needs no further preface:
"TO HIS EXCELLENCY GENERAL JEFFREY AMHERST, BARONET.
"May it please your Excellency,--The narrative herewith inclosed,
gives your Excellency some short account of the success of my feeble
endeavors, through the blessing of God upon them, in the affair there
related.
"Your Excellency will easily see, that if the number of youth in this
school continues to increase, as it has done, and as our prospects are
that it will do, we shall soon be obliged to build to accommodate them
and accordingly to determine upon the place where to fix it, and I
would humbly submit to your Excellency's consideration the following
proposal, viz.: That a tract of land, about fifteen or twenty miles
square, or so much as shall be sufficient for four townships, on the
west side of Susquehannah river, or in some other place more
convenient in the heart of the Indian country, be granted in favor of
this school: That said townships be peopled with a chosen number of
inhabitants of known honesty, integrity, and such as love and will be
kind to, and honest in their dealings with Indians. That a thousand
acres of, and within said grant, be given to this school, and that
the school be an academy for all parts of useful learning; part of it
to be a college for the education of missionaries, interpreters,
schoolmasters, etc.; and part of it a school to teach reading,
writing, etc., and that there be manufactures for the instruction both
of males and females, in whatever shall be necessary in life, and
proper tutors, masters, and mistresses be provided for the same. That
those towns be furnished with ministers of the best characters, and
such as are of ability, when incorporated with a number of the most
understanding of the inhabitants, to conduct the affairs of the
school, and of such missions as they shall have occasion and ability
for, from time to time. That there be a sufficient number of laborers
upon the lands belonging to the school; and that the students be
obliged to labor with them, and under their direction and conduct, so
much as shall be necessary for their health, and to give them an
understanding of husbandry; and those who are designed for farmers,
after they have got a sufficient degree of school learning, to labor
constantly, and the school to have all the benefit of their labor, and
they the benefit of being instructed therein, till they are of an age
and understanding sufficient to set up for themselves, and introduce
husbandry among their respective tribes; and that there be a moderate
tax upon all the granted lands, after the first ten or fifteen years,
and also some duty upon mills, etc., which shall not be burdensome to
the inhabitants, for the support of the school, or missionaries among
the Indians, etc. By this means much expense, and many inconveniences
occasioned by our great distance from them, would be prevented, our
missionaries be much better supported and provided for, especially in
case of sickness, etc. Parents and children would be more contented,
being nearer to one another, and likely many would be persuaded to
send their children for an education, who are now dissuaded from it
only on account of the great distance of the school from them.
"The bearer, Mr. C. J. S.,[13] is able, if your Excellency desires it,
to give you a more full and particular account of the present state of
this school, having been for some time the master and instructor of
it, and is now designed, with the leave of Providence, the ensuing
summer, to make an excursion as a missionary among the Indians, with
an interpreter from this school.
"And by him your Excellency may favor me with your thoughts on what I
have proposed.
"I am, with sincerest duty and esteem, may it please your Excellency,
your Excellency's most obedient and humble servant,
Eleazar Wheelock."
[13] Charles J. Smith.
In 1764, the Scotch Society, already referred to, manifested
increasing interest in Mr. Wheelock's work, by appointing a Board of
Correspondents, selected from gentlemen of high standing, in
Connecticut, to co-operate with him.
We here insert entire, Mr. Wheelock's first letter to Lord Dartmouth:
"TO THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF DARTMOUTH.
"Lebanon, Connecticut, New England, March 1, 1764.
"May it please your Lordship,--
"It must be counted amongst the greatest favors of God to a wretched
world, and that which gives abundant joy to the friends of Zion, that
among earthly dignities there are those who cheerfully espouse the
sinking cause of the great Redeemer, and whose hearts and hands are
open to minister supplies for the support and enlargement of His
kingdom in the world.
"As your Lordship has been frequently mentioned with pleasure by the
lovers of Christ in this wilderness, and having fresh assurance of the
truth of that fame of yours, by the Rev. Mr. Whitefield, from his own
acquaintance with your person and character, and being encouraged and
moved thereto by him, I am now emboldened, without any other apology
for myself than that which the nature of the case itself carries in
its very front, to solicit your Lordship's favorable notice of, and
friendship towards, a feeble attempt to save the swarms of Indian
natives in this land from final and eternal ruin, which must
unavoidably be the issue of those poor, miserable creatures, unless
God shall mercifully interpose with His blessing upon endeavors to
prevent it.
"The Indian Charity School, under my care (a narrative of which,
herewith transmitted, humbly begs your Lordship's acceptance), has
met with such approbation and encouragement from gentlemen of
character and ability, at home and abroad, and such has been the
success of endeavors hitherto used therein, as persuade us more and
more that it is of God, and a device and plan which, under his
blessing, has a greater probability of success than any that has yet
been attempted. By the blessing and continual care of heaven, it has
lived, and does still live and flourish, without any other fund
appropriated to its support than that great one, in the hands of Him,
whose the earth is, and the fullness thereof.
"And I trust there is no need to mention any other considerations to
prove your Lordship's compassions, or invite your liberality on this
occasion, than those which their piteous and perishing case does of
itself suggest, when once your Lordship shall be well satisfied of a
proper and probable way to manifest and express the same with success.
Which I do with the utmost cheerfulness submit to your Lordship,
believing your determination therein to be under the direction of Him
who does all things well. And, if the nature and importance of the
case be not esteemed sufficient excuse for the freedom and boldness I
have assumed, I must rely upon your Lordship's innate goodness to
pardon him who is, with the greatest duty and esteem, my lord,
"Your Lordship's most obedient,
"And most humble servant,
"Eleazar Wheelock."
It is interesting to observe here the agency of Mr. Wheelock's old and
intimate friend, Whitefield. As early as 1760, after alluding to
efforts in his behalf in Great Britain, he wrote to Mr. Wheelock:
"Had I a converted Indian scholar, that could preach and pray in
English, something might be done to purpose."
After much deliberation, Mr. Wheelock determined to send Mr. Occom and
Rev. Nathaniel Whitaker of Norwich, who was deeply interested in his
work, to solicit the charities of British Christians, with a purpose
of more extended operations.
They left this country late in 1765, carrying testimonials from a
large number of eminent civilians and divines.
The following letter indicates that they were cordially welcomed in
England:
"London, February 2, 1766.
My dear Mr. Wheelock,--This day three weeks I had the pleasure of
seeing Mr. Whitaker and Mr. Occom. On their account, I have deferred
my intended journey into the country all next week. They have been
introduced to, and dined with the Daniel of the age, viz., the truly
noble Lord Dartmouth. Mr. Occom is also to be introduced by him to his
Majesty, who intends to favor their design with his bounty. A short
memorial for the public is drawn, which is to be followed with a small
pamphlet. All denominations are to be applied to, and therefore no
mention is made of any particular commissioners or corresponding
committees whatsoever. It would damp the thing entirely. Cashiers are
to be named, and the moneys collected are to be deposited with them
till drawn for by yourself. Mr. Occom hath preached for me with
acceptance, and also Mr. Whitaker. They are to go round the other
denominations in a proper rotation. As yet everything looks with a
promising aspect. I have procured them suitable lodgings. I shall
continue to do everything that lies in my power. Mr. S.[14] is
providentially here,--a fast friend to your plan and his dear country.
"I wish you joy of the long wished for, long prayed for repeal, and
am, my dear Mr. Wheelock,
"Yours, etc., in our glorious Head,
"George Whitefield."
[14] Mr. John Smith, of Boston.
We are now introduced to Mr. Wheelock's most valuable coadjutor, the
son of Mark Hunking Wentworth,--another active and earnest friend:
"Bristol, [England,] 16th Dec., 1766.
"The Rev. Mr. Whitaker having requested my testimony of an institution
forming in America, under the name of an Indian School, for which
purpose many persons on that continent and in Europe have liberally
contributed, and he is now soliciting the further aid of all
denominations of people in this kingdom to complete the proposed plan,
I do therefore certify, whomsoever it may concern, that the said
Indian School appears to me to be formed upon principles of extensive
benevolence and unfeigned piety; that the moneys already collected
have been justly applied to this and no other use. From repeated
information of many principal gentlemen in America, and from my own
particular knowledge of local circumstances, I am well convinced that
the charitable contributions afforded to this design will be honestly
and successfully applied to civilize and recover the savages of
America from their present barbarous paganism.
"J. Wentworth,
"Governor of New Hampshire."
The annals of philanthropy unfold few things bolder or more romantic
in conception, or grander in execution, or sublimer in results than
this most memorable, most successful pilgrimage. The unique, but
magnetic, marvelous eloquence of this regenerated son of the forest,
as he passed from town to town, and city to city, over England and
Scotland, engaged the attention and opened the hearts of all
classes--the clergy, the nobility, and the peasantry. The names of the
men and women and children, who gave of their abundance or their
poverty, primarily and apparently to civilize and evangelize their
wild and savage brethren across the sea, but ultimately and really to
found one of the most solid and beautiful temples of Christian and
secular learning, in the Western hemisphere, deserve affectionate and
perpetual remembrance, along with those of their kindred, who in a
preceding century dedicated their whole treasure upon Plymouth Rock.
With sincere regret that we have not the name of every donor, yet with
devout gratitude for the preservation of so full a record, we append
the original list of donors in England, as prepared and published at
the time, by Lord Dartmouth and his associates.[15]
[15] See Appendix.
Never was more timely aid given to a worthy cause. When Mr. Wheelock's
agents went abroad he had a school of about thirty, and an empty
treasury. These funds gave him present comfort, and enabled him to
effect the long-desired removal.