argument in favor of the embargo, iv. 266;
opposes war, 376;
favors manufactures, v. 197;
denounces the timidity of Congress, 203;
in the Twelfth Congress, vi. 122;
his war speech, 142;
on the dangers of a navy, 164;
on the treason of opposition, 212;
colonel of Kentucky rangers, vii. 129;
crosses into Canada, 132;
his energy, 137;
wins the battle of the Thames, 138, 139;
returns home, 142;
moves previous question on bank bill, viii. 253;
accepts Giles’s militia bill, 274;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
author of the compensation bill, 120, 121, 136;
moves for committee on the Compensation Act, 144.
Johnson, Justice William, of South Carolina, issues a mandamus to
compel the collector to clear certain ships, iv. 263.
Jones, Evan, iii. 300.
Jones, Jacob, captain U. S. navy, commands the “Wasp,” vi. 379;
his action with the “Frolic,” 380;
captured, 381;
takes command of the “Macedonian,” 383.
Jones, John Paul, vii. 6.
Jones, Walter, his letter to Jefferson on dissensions in Madison’s
Cabinet, v. 188.
Jones, William, offered the Navy Department in 1801, i. 220;
appointed Secretary of the Navy, vi. 428, 429;
acting Secretary of the Treasury, vii. 43;
recommends legislation to encourage privateering, 336;
his treasury report for 1813, 385;
hostile to Armstrong, 413;
sends Croghan’s expedition to Mackinaw, viii. 32, 33;
favors abandoning impressments as a _sine qua non_, 122;
goes to navy-yard on the morning of Aug. 24, 1814, 137;
expects British advance through Bladensburg, 138;
permits Barney to go to Bladensburg, 139;
orders the vessels at the navy-yard to be burned, 145;
accompanies the President into Virginia, 150;
causes batteries to be erected on the Potomac, 164;
retires from the Navy Department, ix. 63;
becomes president of the United States Bank, 131.
Judiciary Act of 1801, i. 274 _et seq._;
repeal of, moved, 278 _et seq._, 284 _et seq._;
repealed, 298.
Judiciary system, the, Jefferson’s recommendations concerning, i.
255;
attempt to make an elective, iv. 205.
“Junon,” 46-gun British frigate, attacked by gunboats, vii. 270.
Junot, marshal of France, ordered to enter Spain, iv. 117;
marches on Portugal, 119;
enters Lisbon, 120, 121;
capitulates at Cintra, 315.
Keane, John, British major-general, ordered on the New Orleans
expedition, viii. 312;
his caution in leading the advance, Dec. 23, 1814, 342;
after the night battle, 352;
commands assaulting column, Jan. 8, 1815, 372;
attacks and is severely wounded, 376.
Keenan, Thomas, member of Congress from North Carolina, iii. 356.
Kempt, ----, major-general in British army commanding brigade at
Plattsburg, viii. 102.
Kennedy, Laurence, purser of the “Epervier,” viii. 183.
Kentucky in 1800, i. 2, 43;
Resolutions of 1798, 140 _et seq._, 205;
enthusiasm for the war, vi. 390;
number of men in the field, 391, 393;
distaste for the regular army, 391, 394;
militia placed under Harrison’s command, vii. 73, 74;
three regiments at Fort Defiance, 78, 80, 86;
march to the Maumee Rapids, 87;
advance to the River Raisin, 88, 90;
massacred or captured, 95–98;
appearance of, 96, 97;
failures of, 101;
brigade of, sent to Fort Meigs, 105;
massacred or captured, 106;
two divisions, under Governor Shelby, invade Canada, 128, 129;
at the battle of the Thames, 139;
State army raised by, viii. 283;
twenty-five hundred militia ordered to New Orleans, 327, 333;
arrive at New Orleans, 367, 368;
ordered to cross the river, 370, 371;
in reserve, 373;
routed, 377, 379;
growth in population, ix. 155.
Kerr, Mr. Lewis, iii. 303.
Key, Philip Barton, ii. 228;
member of Congress from Maryland, iv. 147;
advises a war policy, 374;
favors navigation bill, v. 185.
King, Rufus, American minister in London, i. 109;
sends the treaty of the retrocession of Louisiana to Jefferson,
409; ii. 23, 178 _et seq._;
obtains from Pitt a definition of neutral importation, 328, 340;
his negotiations with the British government, 345, 347;
returns with favorable conventions, 358;
opinion of F. J. Jackson and Anthony Merry, 361;
on etiquette, 365;
leaves England, 410;
on the Pierce outrage, iii. 199;
Pickering sends a letter of, to Rose, iv. 234;
candidate for Vice-President, 285;
letters to Pickering, 348, 457;
his supposed opposition to Clinton, vi. 410;
elected senator from New York, vii. 48, 49;
moves inquiry in regard to Gallatin’s mission to Russia, 59;
declares a minister in Sweden to be inexpedient, 62, 63;
reports bill to incorporate a national bank, viii. 257;
defeats Monroe’s conscription, 279, 280;
to be placed in the Presidency, 306;
candidate for the Presidency in 1816, ix. 139;
votes for internal improvements, 151.
Kingsbury, lieutenant-colonel of the First Infantry, arrests Adair,
iii. 324.
Kingston, on Lake Ontario, vii. 145;
Armstrong’s plan of attacking, 149;
British garrison at, 150, 151;
Dearborn decides not to attack, 152, 153;
Prevost embarks at, 163, 164;
Wilkinson ordered to attack, 176;
Wilkinson decides to pass, 178;
Armstrong and Wilkinson change opinions regarding, 180–182;
Brown ordered to attack, in February, 1814, viii. 27;
Prevost visits, in October, 1814, 92, 118;
preparations at, for the siege of Sackett’s Harbor, 118, 119.
“Knickerbocker” school of literature, ix. 209–212.
Labouchère, iii. 379; v. 238, 239.
Lacock, Abner, senator from Pennsylvania, opposes the appointment
of Dallas to the Treasury, vii. 397;
consents to Dallas’s appointment, viii. 243.
Lacolle River, Wilkinson’s defeat at, viii. 25, 26;
British force at, 26.
Lady “Prevost,” 13-gun British schooner on Lake Erie, vii. 120;
in action, 124;
crippled and captured, 127.
Laffite, Jean, Pierre, and Dominique, of Barataria, viii. 321.
Lambert, Henry, captain of the British frigate “Java,” vi. 385,
386.
Lambert, John, Travels of, a description of New York under the
embargo, iv. 278.
Lambert, John, British major-general, ordered on the expedition to
New Orleans, viii. 314;
arrives at New Orleans, 367;
commands reserve, 372;
his report of the assault, 376, 377;
recalls Thornton, 380, 381;
escapes, 382;
captures Fort Bowyer, 383–385.
“Landrail,” British cutter captured in the channel, viii. 195, 196.
Langdon, John, of New Hampshire, offered the Navy Department, i.
220;
Jefferson writes to, 330;
nominated for the Vice-Presidency, vi. 214.
Lansdowne, Marquess of, moves for a committee on the Orders in
Council, vi. 275;
on British naval success, vii. 17.
Latour, A. Lacarriere, chief engineer to Jackson at New Orleans,
reports to Jackson the numbers of the British advance, viii.
343, 344;
lays out lines on the west bank, 370;
his services, ix. 236.
Latrobe, Benjamin H., report on steam-engines, i. 68, 70, 112;
letter of, to Volney, 130;
architect of the Capitol, iv. 152;
rebuilds the capitol, ix. 142, 143.
Lauriston, Marquis de, French ambassador to Russia, v. 418.
Laussat, Pierre Clement, French prefect in Louisiana, ii. 5;
arrives at New Orleans, 10, 13;
defines the boundaries of the Louisiana purchase, 255;
declares the Rio Bravo the western limit of Louisiana, 298; iii.
164;
his account of the situation, 298.
“Lawrence,” Perry’s flagship, vii. 120, 127; viii. 111.
Lawrence, James, captain in U. S. navy, commands “Hornet,” vii.
287;
blockades “Bonne Citoyenne,” 288;
sinks “Peacock,” 289, 290;
his previous career, 291;
commands “Chesapeake,” 291;
his defeat and death, 293–302.
Lawrence, William, major of Second U. S. Infantry, commands Fort
Bowyer, viii. 322;
capitulates, 383–385.
Lea, Thomas, i. 257.
“Leander,” British 50-gun frigate, iii. 91, 94;
a shot from, kills John Pierce, 199;
captures “Rattlesnake,” vii. 313.
“Leander,” the, Miranda’s ship, iii. 190.
Lear, Tobias, consul to St. Domingo, i. 389;
quits St. Domingo, 407;
negotiates a treaty with the Pacha of Tripoli, ii. 434;
quoted as authority on the ownership of Florida, vii. 212.
Leavenworth, Henry, major of the Ninth Infantry, viii. 35;
commands right battalion at Chippawa, 42;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50, 53, 56, 58;
wounded, commands brigade, 63, 65;
his opinion of Brown’s order, 65.
Leclerc, Victor Emmanuel, French general, in command of the
expedition against Louverture, i. 378;
seizes Toussaint Louverture, 396;
insults American shipmasters, 407;
reports French losses, 414;
blamed by Napoleon, 416;
his death, 418; ii. 13.
Lee, Charles, counsel for Chase, ii. 228.
Lee, Henry, crippled by Baltimore rioters, vi. 407, 408.
Legal tender, Jefferson’s silence about, in 1814, viii. 247;
not a part of Eppes’s scheme, 248;
denounced by Dallas, 249;
rejected by House of Representatives, 253, 254.
Leib, Michael, member of Congress from Pennsylvania, i. 298; ii.
123, 194, 196 _et seq._;
senator from Pennsylvania, v. 181, 189, 191; vi. 229, 243;
votes against Bank Charter, 337;
his political capacity, 364;
in opposition, vii. 48, 59;
his vote on seizing West Florida, 209;
resigns to become postmaster of Philadelphia, 399, 400; ix. 107.
Leipzig, battle of, vii. 355;
news reaches America, 370, 393.
“Leo,” privateer, viii. 196.
Leonard, Nathaniel, captain in First Artillery, surprised and
captured in Fort Niagara, vii. 203.
“Leopard,” the, sent to search the “Chesapeake,” iv. 4;
accompanies the “Chesapeake” out to sea, 10;
hails the “Chesapeake,” 11;
fires on the “Chesapeake,” 16;
searches the “Chesapeake,” 19.
Leslie, Charles Robert, ix. 213;
his account of Allston, 215.
“Levant,” 20-gun British sloop-of-war, ix. 74;
captured by the “Constitution,” 75–77;
seized by British squadron in Portuguese waters, 78.
Lewis, Captain, of the “Leander,” v. 265.
Lewis and Clark, expedition of, iii. 12, 215.
Lewis, Morgan, of the Livingston connection, i. 108;
elected in 1804 governor of New York, iv. 283;
appointed major-general, vii. 37, 156;
on the capture of Fort George, 158;
withdraws from Stony Creek, 160;
on Dearborn’s health, 161;
ordered to Sackett’s Harbor, 162, 177;
commands division under Wilkinson, 184;
ill at Chrystler’s Farm, 188, 190;
commands district, 407.
Lewis, William, i. 127.
Lewis, William, colonel of Fifth Kentucky militia, vii. 88, 89, 91;
captured, 96.
Liancourt, Duc de, describes Philadelphia, i. 28, 117;
on the Virginians, 33;
on life in Pennsylvania, 42, 45, 52;
on Virginia culture, 133, 157, 165.
Libraries in 1800, i. 61, 63, 129, 152.
Licenses of trade, British, proposed by Spencer Perceval, iv. 88;
favored by Canning, 92;
prescribed by Orders in Council, 103, 323; v. 59, 64;
scandal of, 273;
debate on, 274, 275;
Canning’s remarks on, 278, 280;
Sidmouth’s conditions on, 281;
Castlereagh proposes to abandon, 221, 282;
to be restricted in the war to New England vessels, vii. 31.
Licenses, Napoleon’s system of, v. 246–249;
promised abandonment of, 392, 393;
continued issue of, 400;
repudiated by Napoleon, 414, 417, 422;
municipal character of, vi. 43;
their continued issue, 54;
extension of, 250.
Lieven, Prince de, Russian ambassador in London, vii. 340;
informs Roumanzoff of Castlereagh’s refusal of mediation, 346,
349;
ordered to renew the offer, 348, 351, 352;
refuses to renew the offer, 353.
Lincoln, Abraham, i. 171.
Lincoln, Levi, Attorney-General, i. 219, 304; ii. 2;
on the acquisition of new territory by the United States, 78;
resigns, iii. 10;
governor of Massachusetts, iv. 416;
declines appointment as justice, v. 359.
Lingan, James Maccubin, killed by Baltimore rioters, vi. 407, 408.
Linn, James, member of Congress from New Jersey, i. 295.
Linn, John Blair, i. 123.
“Linnet,” British 18-gun brig on Lake Champlain, viii. 103;
her armament, 104;
in the battle of Plattsburg, 110.
Liston, Robert, British minister, ii. 340, 367.
Literature, American, in 1800, i. 41, 75 _et seq._, 93;
in 1817, ix. 175–218, 238.
“Little Belt,” British sloop-of-war, affair of, v. 25–37, 45, 270.
“Little Belt,” 3-gun British sloop on Lake Erie, vii. 120.
Little Warrior of Wewocau, joins Tecumthe, vii. 223;
murders white families on the Ohio, 224;
is put to death, 225.
Livermore, Edward St. Loe, member of Congress from Massachusetts,
v. 184.
Liverpool, meeting of merchants at, in September, 1814, viii. 198.
Liverpool, Earl of (Baron Hawkesbury), British Foreign Secretary,
ii. 344, 410;
his opinion on Spencer Perceval’s proposed order, iv. 90;
on American partiality to France, v. 50;
succeeds Castlereagh at the War Department, 263;
his view of American duty, vii. 17, 18;
on the opening negotiations at Ghent, ix. 25–27;
on the utmost point of concession, 31;
on the capture of Washington, 36;
writes to Wellington, 40;
abandons claim to territory, 41.
Livingston, Edward, district-attorney and mayor of New York, i.
233, 205; ii. 259;
at New Orleans, iii. 300;
his speech of 1798, viii. 276.
Livingston, Robert R., aids Fulton’s steamboat, i. 69, 112; iii.
216;
his family connection, i. 108, 109;
offered the Navy Department, 219;
appointed minister to France, 233, 295, 404;
discusses the price of Louisiana, ii. 31;
his claims convention, 46;
his estimate of the importance of the cession of Louisiana, 67;
claims West Florida, 68 _et seq._;
his plan of gaining West Florida, 246, 275;
his situation after the treaty, 289;
distrusts Napoleon, 290;
succeeded by Armstrong, 291, 303.
Lloyd, George, lieutenant in the British navy, commanding
sloop-of-war “Castilian,” his report on the loss of the “Avon,”
viii. 190–192.
Lloyd, James, author of the “Boston Memorial,” iii. 144;
elected to succeed J. Q. Adams as senator from Massachusetts, iv.
242;
senator from Massachusetts, vi. 183;
Randolph’s letter to, on the Hartford Convention, viii. 230;
his reply to Randolph, 306.
Lloyd, Robert, captain of the British seventy-four “Plantagenet,”
finds the “General Armstrong” at Fayal, viii. 201;
his report of the destruction of the “General Armstrong,”
202–207, 209.
Loan of 1810, v. 178;
of 1812, for eleven millions, vi. 169;
partial failure of, 207;
of 1813, for twenty millions, 433, 448;
for 1813, of sixteen millions, vii. 44;
for 1814, authorized for twenty-five millions, 389;
threatened failure of, 394;
nine millions obtained in May, viii. 17, 18;
failure of, in July, 1814, 213, 241, 242;
amounts taken in Virginia and Massachusetts, 234;
of eighteen millions, in 1815, for funding treasury notes, ix.
84, 100;
failure of, in 1815, 100–103.
Lockyer, Nicholas, captain of the British sloop-of-war “Sophie,”
negotiates with Jean Laffite, viii. 321.
Logan, George, senator from Pennsylvania, iii. 139;
his proposal to prohibit commerce with St. Domingo, 88;
his bill to prohibit trade with St. Domingo, 140;
wishes to set Monroe aside, 152;
an amateur negotiator, iv. 236.
Logan’s Act, ii. 259; iv. 236.
Long, Charles, joint paymaster-general of the forces, v. 58.
Longstreet, Judge, author of “Georgia Scenes,” i. 52.
Louis Bonaparte, king of Holland, resists Napoleon’s decrees, v.
146;
his interview with Armstrong, 147, 148;
threatened by Napoleon, 236, 237, 240;
stipulates seizure of American ships, 240, 274;
abdicates, 242.
Louisiana, ceded by France to Spain in 1763, i. 353;
retrocession asked by Talleyrand in 1798, 357;
retrocession again asked by Bonaparte in 1800, 363–368;
retroceded by Spain to France in the treaty of San Ildefonso,
Oct. 1, 1800, 370;
Bonaparte plans an expedition to occupy, 399;
boundaries fixed by Decrès, ii. 5;
commercial relations and sentiments prescribed toward the
United States, 8;
ceded by France to the United States, 42;
price of, 45;
importance of cession, 49;
Napoleon’s reasons for selling, 53;
Talleyrand’s explanation of, 55;
treble invalidity of sale, 56;
constitutional question debated in Congress, 96 _et seq._;
plans with regard to the status of, 116;
admitted without an amendment, 118;
bill for temporary government of, 120;
Breckinridge’s bill defining boundaries and government, 120
_et seq._;
bill defining territorial government of, 125, 130;
Spain protests against sale of, 252 _et seq._;
people regarded as unfit for selfgovernment, 399;
they urge the execution of the treaty, 400;
report of Randolph upon their claims, 400;
political effects of purchase of, iii. 17;
boundaries of, 33–35;
disaffection in, 297 _et seq._;
dislike of Claiborne’s administration, 299;
admitted to territorial rights, March 2, 1805, 302;
first territorial legislature of, 302–304;
government offered to Monroe, v. 162;
proposed as a kingdom for the French Bourbons, 239;
admitted into the Union, 323–326; vi. 235;
objects of British expedition to, viii. 313, 314;
Nicholl’s proclamation to natives of, 320, 321;
Jackson’s proclamation to people of, 324, 325;
Jackson’s proclamation to free negroes of, 325;
Monroe warns Jackson of expedition to, 326, 327;
population of, 334;
militia in the night battle at New Orleans, 345, 346;
militia in want of arms, 368;
militia placed on the Chef Menteur road, 369;
militia on the west bank, 370, 371;
militia routed, 377, 378;
to be restored to Spain, ix. 4, 6, 8;
Calhoun’s question regarding purchase of, 149, 152.
(See New Orleans.)
“Louisiana,” American 16-gun sloop-of-war at New Orleans, viii.
344;
descends the river, 355;
hauled beyond range of British guns, 356, 359;
not brought into action, Jan. 1, 1815, 361;
supports Jackson’s line, 368;
not in action of Jan. 8, 374.
“Louisianacide,” Napoleon’s, ii. 37.
Louverture, Toussaint, i. 354;
story of, 378 _et seq._;
champion of Republican principles, 392;
seized and sent to France, 396;
his dependence on the United States for supplies, 406, 416;
his death, ii. 20.
Lowell, John, his pamphlet on disunion, viii. 5;
on the condition of Massachusetts banks, 15;
favors a separate peace, 289, 290;
on the delegates to Hartford, 291;
on H. G. Otis, 294, 295;
approves report of Convention, 300.
Lowndes, William, i. 151;
member of the Twelfth Congress from South Carolina, vi. 122, 164;
his hostility to non-importation, 205, 234, 445, 448;
opposes compromise of forfeitures, 442;
reports inability to decide between Dallas and Calhoun on a
national bank, viii. 252;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107, 108;
his report on the revenue, 112;
chairman of tariff committee, 114.
Ludlow, Augustus C., first lieutenant on the “Chesapeake,” mortally
wounded, vii. 295.
Luisa, Queen of Spain, i. 345 _et seq._
Lumber trade of New England, depressed in 1815, ix. 97.
Lumley, captain of British 32-gun frigate “Narcissus,” vii. 313.
Lundy’s Lane, Riall advances to, viii. 47;
concentration of forces at, 49, 50;
battle of, 51–64.
Lyman, Theodore, ii. 169; iv. 411.
Lynnhaven Bay, iv. 4, 9.
Lyon, Matthew, member of Congress from Vermont, i. 295;
from Kentucky, his attack on Randolph, ii. 123, 216;
votes against the St. Domingo Bill, iii. 143;
contractor, 175;
favors ships and harbor defences, 180;
with Burr, 220;
favors defence, v. 358.
MacDonnell, G., major in Glengarry Light Infantry, vii. 147.
Macdonough, Thomas, commander in U. S. Navy, commands flotilla on
Lake Champlain, vii. 192; viii. 97;
takes position in Plattsburg Bay, 98;
his force, 104, 105;
his previous career, 106;
his forethought in preparing for action, 107;
his victory, 109, 110; ix. 234;
his losses, viii. 111;
his reward, ix. 141, 142.
“Macedonian,” British frigate, capture of, vi. 382, 383;
effect of capture in England, vii. 6, 7, 9, 13, 16;
blockaded at New London, 278, 279, 287, 311;
action with, compared with that of “Endymion,” ix. 68, 69.
Mackinaw (see Michillimackinaw).
Maclay, William, senator from Pennsylvania, his description of
Jefferson, i. 185.
MacNeil, John, major of Eleventh U. S. Infantry, viii. 35;
at Chippawa, 42;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50;
wounded, 52, 63.
Macomb, Alexander, colonel of Third Artillery, commands reserve in
Wilkinson’s expedition, vii. 184;
lands on north shore of St. Lawrence, 187;
in the advance, 188, 191;
promoted to brigadier, 409;
takes command at Plattsburg, viii. 100;
his account of the British advance, 103;
his effectives, 217;
retained on peace establishment, ix. 88.
Macon, Nathaniel, of North Carolina, i. 149, 261;
chosen Speaker of the House in the Seventh Congress, 267;
Speaker of the Eighth Congress, ii. 95, 123;
opposed to the impeachment of Judge Chase, 150;
Speaker of the Ninth Congress, iii. 128;
reappoints Randolph and Nicholson on the Committee of Ways and
Means, 128;
Jefferson’s advances to, 167;
defeats Bidwell’s amendment by his casting vote, 360;
retires from his office, iv. 153;
letter on the opinions prevailing at Washington, 368;
declares that the embargo is the people’s choice, 421, 453;
votes with Federalists, v. 182;
his bill for excluding British and French shipping, 183, 184;
bill defeated by Senate, 185, 191, 193;
Samuel Smith’s motives for defeating, 185–188, 192, 193;
his bill No. 2, 194, 195;
adopted by Congress, 197, 198;
his remark on manufacturing influence, 197;
his speech on reducing the army and navy in 1810, 201;
his bill admitting the State of Louisiana, with West Florida,
into the Union, 323–326;
not candidate for Speaker, vi. 123, 124;
his account of the opinions prevailing at Washington, 129;
supports war, 145;
his remark on France and England, 196;
his remarks on the repeal of the restrictive system, vii. 377,
378;
favors legal-tender paper, 389; viii. 253, 254;
senator from North Carolina, ix. 108.
MacRee, William, lieutenant-colonel of artillery, at New Orleans,
viii. 345.
Madison, Mrs., iii. 152;
her remarks on Congress, vii. 379, 380.
Madison, Bishop, of Virginia, i. 186.
Madison, James, and the Virginia Resolutions, i. 140 _et seq._,
148, 177;
personal characteristics of, 188 _et seq._;
appointed Secretary of State, 218;
makes no removals in the Department of State, 236;
distrust of, 248, 261;
a commissioner in the Yazoo sale, 304, 322, 332;
instructions of, respecting the retrocession of Louisiana, 405;
asks Pichon to remonstrate with Leclerc, 408;
writes to Livingston, 423, 426;
his orders to Pinckney, 427, 433;
invokes Pichon’s aid, 438, 439, 441;
writes instructions for Livingston and Monroe, ii. 2;
conversation with J. Q. Adams respecting the Louisiana treaty,
117;
favors Yazoo compromise, 211;
instructs Monroe to bargain with Spain for West Florida, 248,
251;
explains the failure to demand West Florida, 256;
sends the ratified claims convention to Madrid, 260, 278, 279;
hopes to be relieved of Yrujo, 267;
communicates with Livingston respecting West Florida and Yrujo,
262;
attempts to cajole Turreau, 273;
Turreau’s description of, 274;
compromised by Pinckney, 276;
recalls Pinckney and hurries Monroe to Spain, 286;
denies that the Government aids desertion of seamen, 345;
communications to Thornton, 362;
proposes a convention with regard to impressments and the
blockade, 385;
remonstrates with Merry respecting impressments, 393;
remains Secretary of State in Jefferson’s second administration,
iii. 10;
writes to Jefferson respecting the claim to West Florida, 55, 60;
his letter to Jefferson concerning Monroe’s failure at Madrid,
59;
proposes negotiations and diplomacy, 70;
his character as a diplomatist, 74;
his pamphlet, “Examination of the British doctrine,” 102, 110;
to be Jefferson’s successor, 120;
his altercation with Casa Yrujo, 185 _et seq._;
his complication with Miranda, 190 _et seq._;
Turreau demands an explanation from, 195;
imposes impossible conditions on Monroe, 402;
writes to Jefferson respecting the new instructions to Monroe,
438;
arranges with Rose a “bridge” for Jefferson, iv. 191;
sends his last reply to Rose, 196;
notifies Erskine that the “Chesapeake” affair has lost
consequence, 199;
the caucus for, in Virginia and Washington, 226;
elected President, 287;
sends Armstrong instructions in response to Champagny’s letter of
Jan. 15, 1808, 305;
his anger with Perceval’s order of April 11, 1808, 327;
threatens a declaration of war, 386;
his opponents in Congress, 428;
inaugurated, 472; v. 1;
his Inaugural Address, 2, 3, 4;
offers the Treasury to Robert Smith, 7, 379;
appoints Robert Smith Secretary of State, 8;
his Cabinet, 9, 10;
nominates J. Q. Adams to Russia, 11;
his letter to Erskine accepting settlement of the “Chesapeake”
affair, 68–70, 89;
issues proclamation renewing intercourse with England, 73, 74;
his views of the change in British policy, 75, 76, 81, 83;
his message of May 23, 1809, 76, 77;
his popularity, 80, 85, 86;
on the disavowal of Erskine’s arrangement, 112;
revives non-intercourse against England, 114;
his negotiation with F. J. Jackson, 117, 122–132;
described by Jackson, 120;
his message of Nov. 29, 1809, 176, 177;
special message of Jan. 3, 1810, asking for volunteers, 179;
his opinions of Samuel and Robert Smith, 186;
dissensions in his cabinet, 188;
remarks on the experiment of unrestricted commerce, 210, 211;
his reply to Napoleon’s note on the right of search and blockade,
250;
his anger at Napoleon’s confiscations, 292;
his instructions of June 5, 1810, to Armstrong on Champagny’s
reprisals, 293, 294;
his devotion to commercial restrictions, 293, 295;
his instructions of July 5, 1810, to Armstrong requiring
indemnity, 295, 296, 297, 299;
his decision to accept the conditions of Champagny’s letter of
August 5, 296, 301;
revives non-intercourse against Great Britain, 303, 304;
takes military possession of West Florida, 308–312, 318;
his supposed character, 310;
his annual message of Dec. 5, 1810, 314, 317–319;
asks authority to take possession of East Florida, 327;
appoints commissioners for East Florida, 327;
decides to enforce the non-intercourse against Great Britain,
347;
his doubts regarding Napoleon’s folly, 350;
his irritation at Smith’s proposed inquiry from Serurier, 350,
351;
offers the State Department to Monroe, 366, 372, 374;
his parting interview with Robert Smith, 375–377;
his anger with Smith, 378;
his translation of _bien entendu_, 387, 388;
his success in maintaining his own system in the Cabinet, vi. 61,
62;
his discontent with Napoleon’s conduct, 63, 64, 125, 187, 218,
224;
his orders to maintain peace with the northwestern Indians, 88,
93;
his attitude toward war with England, 118, 125, 129, 131, 175,
196, 197, 213;
his annual message of Nov. 5, 1811, 124;
entertains Crillon, 179, 185;
his message communicating Henry’s papers, 181;
his embargo message, 193, 198, 199;
his comments on the conduct of the Senate, 203;
sustains non-importation, 205;
renominated for the Presidency, 214;
perplexed by the French decrees, 218;
his letter to Barlow threatening war on France, 218, 259;
his view of the “immediate impulse” to war with England, 220,
226;
his war message, 221–226;
signs declaration of war, and visits departments, 229;
his measures regarding East Florida, 237, 239, 241, 243;
his remarks on Napoleon’s Russian campaign, 265;
his remarks in August, 1812, on the Canadian campaign, 337;
re-elected President, 413;
wishes Monroe to command western army, 419, 420, 425;
his annual message of 1812, 430–433;
his “fair calculation” on Napoleon’s success, vii. 2;
his message on British “demoralizing and disorganizing
contrivances,” 31, 32;
his second Inaugural Address, 33;
his relations toward Gallatin and Monroe, 39;
consents to Gallatin’s departure, 42, 43;
his annual message, May 25, 1813, 53, 54;
dangerous illness of, 55, 58;
his reply to the Senate in regard to Gallatin’s absence, 59, 60;
his skill in overthrowing an enemy, 64;
goes to Montpelier, 70;
his annual message of Dec. 7, 1813, 365, 366;
his embargo message of Dec. 9, 1813, 367, 368, 372, 392;
accepts Castlereagh’s offer of direct negotiation, 371;
nominates commissioners and a Secretary of the Treasury, 371;
his obstinacy, 372, 393;
abandons system of commercial restrictions, 373, 374, 379;
causes of his abandonment of commercial restrictions, 373, 374,
377, 394, 395;
his language about Napoleon, 392;
appoints G. W. Campbell Secretary of the Treasury, 396, 397;
appoints Richard Rush attorney-general, 398;
appoints R. J. Meigs postmaster-general, 401;
overcomes his party enemies, 402;
his dislike of Armstrong, 405, 406, 414;
offended by Armstrong’s letter appointing Andrew Jackson a
major-general, 410, 411;
his court-martial on William Hull, 415–417;
his mode of resisting usurpations on State rights, viii. 8;
irritated by Armstrong’s neglect to defend Washington, 121;
calls a cabinet meeting, June 23, 1814, 121;
selects General Winder to command at Washington, 122;
calls for militia, 131, 132;
reviews the army at the Old Fields, 134;
goes to Winder’s headquarters at eight o’clock on the morning of
August 24, 137;
arrives on the battle-field at Bladensburg, 140;
his movements, August 24–27, 149–151, 156, 157, 300; ix. 21;
charges Monroe with the war department in Armstrong’s absence,
viii. 158;
his interview with Armstrong, August 29, 160, 161;
greatly shaken by the capture of Washington, 160, 230, 231;
appoints Monroe Secretary of War, 163;
his unpopularity, 229, 230;
his disappointments, 237, 238;
his annual message of Sept. 20, 1814, 239, 240;
vetoes bill for incorporating a national bank, 260;
to be coerced into retiring, 306, 309; ix. 3, 4;
characterized by the London press, ix. 2–6;
decides to omit impressment from treaty, 33;
Lord Liverpool’s remark on, 36;
sends treaty of peace to the Senate, 58;
recommends preparation for war, 82, 83;
his annual message of 1815, 105, 106;
his annual message of 1816, 143, 144;
his veto of internal improvements, 151, 169, 192, 220;
his retirement, 153.
Maguaga, battle of, vi. 325.
“Maidstone,” 36-gun British frigate, vii. 266.
Mail routes in 1800, i. 15;
in 1816, ix. 170, 171.
Maine, District of, a part of Massachusetts, i. 20;
boundary of, disputed, ii. 358, 383, 392; viii. 4, 94, 95;
two counties of, occupied by British expedition in 1814, viii.
95, 96, 267, 272; ix. 17;
portion of, demanded by Great Britain, viii. 268, 287;
concessions proposed by Governor Strong, 288;
territory of, required by England, ix. 8;
cession assumed by the _uti possidetis_, 10;
claimed at Ghent, 19, 25;
claim partially abandoned, 34, 35;
claim rejected, 37;
claim wholly abandoned, 42, 52;
relative prosperity of, 155, 157, 160.
Maitland, General, at St. Domingo, i. 385.
“Majestic,” 56-gun British frigate, intercepts the “President,” ix.
64, 66, 67.
Malbone, Edward G., i. 149;
his painting, ix. 214, 215.
Malden, British trading post on the Detroit River, vi. 73, 80, 85,
300;
to be besieged by Hull, 303, 314;
British force at, 312, 313;
evacuated by Proctor, vii. 130, 131;
occupied by Harrison, 132;
in the negotiation at Ghent, ix. 34.
Malmesbury, Lord, patron of F. J. Jackson, iv. 64.
“Mammoth,” privateer, in British waters, viii. 196.
Manhattan Company of New York city, i. 65, 70.
Manners and morals, American, in 1800, i. 48 _et seq._
Manners, William, captain of the British sloop-of-war “Reindeer,”
his action with the “Wasp,” viii. 186–188.
Mannheim, proposed Congress at, vii. 373.
Manufactures in New England in 1800, i. 22;
growth of, in 1809–1810, v. 15–19;
political influence of, 197;
protection of, 319;
stimulated by the war, viii. 34;
depressed by the peace, ix. 95, 96;
protection of, recommended by Madison, 105;
protective tariff recommended by Dallas, 106;
Dallas’s scheme for protecting, 111, 112;
protection opposed by Randolph, 112, 113;
protective tariff of 1816, 114–116;
value of, 160.
Marblehead, privateersmen from, vii. 337.
Marbois, Barbé, favors the cession of Louisiana, ii. 26;
removed from office, iii. 371–374.
Marbury against Madison, case of, ii. 145 _et seq._
Maret, Hugues Bernard, Duc de Bassano, Napoleon’s secretary, v.
143;
succeeds Champagny as Minister of Foreign Affairs, 401;
his report to Napoleon of March 10, 1812, vi. 216, 253;
his negotiation with Joel Barlow, 248–263;
his instructions to Serurier of October, 1811, on the revocation
of the decrees, 248, 249;
communicates Decree of St. Cloud to Barlow and Serurier, 255–257;
his instructions to Dalberg, 260;
invites Barlow to Wilna, 263;
dismisses his guests, 264.
Marietta, Ohio, in 1800, i. 2.
Marlboro, in Maryland, Ross camps at, Aug. 22, 1814, viii. 130;
returns to, Aug. 26, 148.
Marmont, Marshal, his story of Decrés, v. 222.
Marriatt, Joseph, his pamphlet in 1808, iv. 333.
Marshall, Humphrey, of Kentucky, i. 268;
on W. H. Harrison, vi. 107.
Marshall, John, Chief-Justice, i. 133;
Jefferson’s antipathy to, 192;
personal characteristics of, 193;
detests Jefferson, 194;
his constitutional views, 256;
his influence on Story, 260;
his opinion of Jefferson, 262;
his appointment obnoxious to Jefferson, 275, 290; ii. 145;
fear of his decisions, i. 298; ii. 143;
opinion of, respecting the powers of Government in the Louisiana
case, ii. 125;
his decision in the Marbury case, 146;
his decision in the Yazoo case, 214;
his definition of treason in the case of Bollman and Swartwout,
iii. 340, 443;
presides over the trial of Burr, 442;
refuses to commit Burr for treason, and rebukes the Government
for laxity in procuring proof, 445;
threatened with removal from office, 447;
and impeachment, 466, 470, 471;
his alleged sympathy with Burr, 461;
his decision in the Burr trial, 467 _et seq._; iv. 147;
menaced in Jefferson’s annual message of 1807, 155;
Jefferson’s desire to punish, 205;
his decision in the case of the United States _v._ Fisher
_et al._, 270;
inclines to Pickering’s view of Jefferson, 348;
his judicial opinions, ix. 188–191.
Martin against Hunter’s Lessee, Story’s opinion in case of, ix.
190–192.
Martin, Luther, Chase’s counsel, his view of impeachment, ii. 223,
227, 231;
Burr’s counsel, iii. 444;
attacks Jefferson, 449;
angers Jefferson, 453;
his speech in the Burr trial, 465.
Maryland, her electoral vote, vi. 406, 413;
affected by the blockade, vii. 264;
Admiral Cockburn’s operations against the shores of, 265–269;
election of 1814, viii. 228;
creates a State army, 282;
growth of population, ix. 155, 161;
increase of wealth in, 163.
Mason, Armistead, succeeds Giles as senator from Virginia, ix. 107.
Mason, George, i. 133.
Mason, Jeremiah, elected senator from New Hampshire, vii. 48;
votes against a mission to Sweden, 63;
his speech against Giles’s bill for drafting militia, viii. 271;
votes for internal improvements, ix. 151.
Mason, John Thomson, declines appointment as attorney-general, iii.
11; iv. 168.
Mason, Jonathan, iv. 411;
his letter to Nicholas on the alternative to disunion, viii. 306,
307.
Massa, Duc de, letter from, v. 347.
Massac (see Fort Massac).
Massachusetts, population of, in 1700 and 1800, i. 20;
valuation of, 23;
society of, in 1800, 76;
political divisions of, 76, 82;
suffrage in, 86;
intellectual activity of, 93;
separatist tendency in, 138;
judicial tenure in, 256;
Jefferson’s conception of, 310, 315, 329;
the necessary head of a New England Confederation, ii. 163;
election of May, 1804, 163;
political apathy in, 165–168, 170;
chooses republican electors in 1804, 201, 204;
anxiety for settlement of eastern boundary, 392;
militia of, iv. 210;
feelings of, toward Virginia in 1808, iv. 409–420, 433;
proceedings of legislature in February, 1809, 416;
address of legislature in March, 1809, 456;
“Patriotick Proceedings” of, in 1809, 458, 459;
tonnage of, v. 15;
manufactures of, 17–19;
resolutions of legislature regarding F. J. Jackson, 214;
election of 1810, 215;
republican control of, in 1810 and 1811, vi. 115;
Federalists recover control in 1812, 204;
gives trouble to Dearborn, 305;
refuses obedience to call for militia, 309;
temper of, in 1812, 399–402;
federalist majority in the elections of 1812, 413;
disaffection of, vii. 33;
election in April, 1813, 50;
delays action, 52;
reports and resolutions of legislature in 1813, 64–66;
banks of, their condition and influence, 386–389;
expression of legislature in January, 1814, viii. 2, 3;
blockaded April 25, 1814, 3;
in danger from both sides, 4;
town meetings in January, 1814, 5–7;
report of legislature on a New England Convention, Feb. 18, 1814,
8;
election in April, 1814, 9–11, 13;
prosperity in 1814, 14;
expressions of clergy, 20–23;
regular troops in, vii. 284; viii. 95, 316;
territory of, occupied, 95, 96;
object of, in dependence on militia, 220;
places militia under State major-general, 221; ix. 160;
“dangerous and perplexing” situation of, viii. 222–224;
calls a New England Convention at Hartford, 225–227, 287;
election of November, 1814, a federalist triumph, 228, 288, 289;
Jefferson’s remark that Virginia got no aid from, 233;
money furnished by, 233–235;
men furnished by, 235, 236;
moral support furnished by, 236, 237;
arrears of internal taxes in, 255, 256;
legislature of, refuses to co-operate in expelling enemy from
Maine, 272, 304;
creates a State army of ten thousand men, 272, 282;
her delegation to the Hartford Convention, 290–292;
accepts the report of the Hartford Convention, 295, 301;
banks refuse to lend money to the State, 302;
suspends organization of State army, 303;
disunion sentiment of, 305–308;
her indifference to the negotiation at Ghent, ix. 16, 45;
alone interested in the obstacles to a treaty, 49;
election of April, 1815, 92;
interests affected by peace, 95, 97;
suffers from Dallas’s arrangements, 98–103;
election of April, 1816, 133;
legislature denounces Compensation Act, 137;
in Presidential election of 1816, 139.
Massassinway, council at, vi. 111.
“Matilda,” privateer, captured, vii. 330.
Matthews, George, appointed commissioner to take possession of East
Florida, vi. 237;
his proceedings, 238–240;
disavowed, 240–242.
McArthur, Duncan, colonel of Ohio militia, vi. 298, 326, 328, 332,
334;
brigadier-general, vii. 128.
McClure, George, brigadier-general of New York militia, commands at
Niagara, vii. 200;
evacuates Fort George and burns Newark, 201, 202.
McDonald, William, captain in Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, on
Ripley’s staff, his account of the battle of Lundy’s Lane, viii.
55, 57.
McDonogh, P., lieutenant of artillery in Fort Erie, viii. 76.
McFarland, D., major of Twenty-third U. S. Infantry, viii. 35;
at Chippawa, 42;
at Lundy’s Lane, 50;
wounded, 52, 63.
McKean, Thomas, Governor of Pennsylvania, i. 228; iii. 210;
declines to remove Judge Brackenridge, ii. 196, 259.
McKee, John, vi. 237.
McLean, John, member of Congress from Ohio, ix. 107.
McQueen, Peter, half-breed Creek Indian, visits Pensacola, vii.
228;
attacked at Burnt Corn, 229;
captures Fort Mims, 229–231;
claims forty-eight hundred gun-men, 233;
escapes to Florida, 257.
McRae, Alexander, counsel for Burr, iii. 445.
McRee, William, major of engineers, advises Brown to move against
Riall, viii. 47;
directs entrenchments at Fort Erie, 67, 76; ix. 235.
Meade, lieutenant of the British frigate “Leopard,” iv. 12.
Meade, Cowles, governor of Mississippi Territory, iii. 304;
arrests Burr, 326.
Meade, William, bishop of Virginia, i. 193.
Mecklenburg, Grand Duchy of, closes its ports to American commerce,
v. 413.
Mediterranean Fund, the, ii. 141; iii. 137, 182, 183.
Meigs, Return Jonathan, appointed postmaster-general, vii. 401.
“Melampus,” British frigate, iv. 2, 23; vi. 25.
Melville, Viscount, First Lord of the Admiralty, iii. 235, 238.
“Menelaus,” British frigate, engaged in house-burning on the
Potomac, viii. 164;
off Sassafras River, 165.
Merry, Anthony, appointed British minister to the United States,
ii. 360;
his arrival and reception by Jefferson, 361 _et seq._, 380, 381,
390;
dines at the White House, 369;
affronted and declines the President’s invitations, 375;
union of, with Burr, 390;
writes to his Government on the boundary question, 392;
remonstrates with Madison respecting the enlistment of deserters,
393;
receives a message from Burr, 395;
inquires meaning of impressment act, 397, 398;
communicates Burr’s plan to his Government, 403;
his instructions in November, 1804, 422–424;
writes to his Government concerning the failure of the Spanish
mission, iii. 96;
his account of Madison’s conversation, 98;
of Jefferson’s, 101;
his report of the sensation produced by the seizures, 109;
informs his Government respecting the Non-importation
Resolutions, 150;
takes Yrujo’s part, 188;
his report to his Government of the apprehensions of the
Americans, 198;
advises Fox against concessions, 202;
upholds Burr, 219;
alarmed by the publicity of Burr’s schemes, 226;
confers with Burr respecting his journey to the west, 230
_et seq._;
recalled by Fox, 250;
his last interview with Burr, 250;
Jackson’s allusions to, v. 118–121.
Message, annual, of 1801, i. 248–263;
annual, of 1802, 427–429;
special, of Dec. 22, 1802, on violation of the right of deposit,
430;
annual, of 1803, ii. 92;
special, of March 20, 1804, on the loss of the frigate
“Philadelphia,” 140;
special, of Feb. 3, 1803, inviting the impeachment of Judge
Pickering, 143;
special, of Dec. 21, 1803, on the Spanish claims, 259;
annual, of Nov. 8, 1804, 206–208, 263;
annual, of 1805, iii. 111 _et seq._, 128, 129;
special, on Spanish relations, Dec. 6, 1805, 115–118, 130
_et seq._;
special, on British spoliations, 145;
referred, 146;
annual, of 1806, 329, 345;
special, of Jan. 22, 1807, on Burr’s conspiracy, 337;
annual, of 1807, iv. 149, 150, 153–156;
special, of Nov. 23, 1807, on the failure of Burr’s trial, 156;
special, of Dec. 18, 1807, recommending an embargo, 168–170, 228,
229;
special, of Feb. 25, 1808, recommending an increase of the
regular army, 212;
special, of March 22 and 30, 1808, communicating papers relating
to England and France, 218;
annual, of Nov. 8, 1808, 361, 364;
first annual, of President Madison, May 23, 1809, v. 76;
annual, of Nov. 29, 1809, 176–178;
special, of Jan. 3, 1810, asking for volunteers, 179;
annual, of Dec. 5, 1810, 317–319;
special, of Feb. 19, 1811, on the revocation of the French
decrees, 347, 348;
annual, of Nov. 5, 1811, vi. 124–126;
special, of March 9, 1812, communicating John Henry’s papers,
181;
special, of April 1, 1812, recommending an embargo for sixty
days, 198;
of April 24, 1812, asking for two assistant Secretaries of War,
206;
of June 1, 1812, recommending a declaration of war with England,
221–226;
annual, of Nov. 4, 1812, 430–433;
special, of Feb. 24, 1813, on British licenses of trade with New
England, vii. 31, 32;
annual of May 25, 1813, 53, 54;
annual of Dec. 7, 1813, 365; ix. 5;
special of Dec. 9, 1813, asking for an embargo, vii. 367, 368,
372;
special of March 31, 1814, recommending abandonment of commercial
restrictions, 373, 374;
annual of Sept. 20, 1814, viii. 239;
veto, of Jan. 30, 1815, on the bill to incorporate the United
States Bank, 260;
special, of Feb. 20, 1815, transmitting treaty of peace, ix. 82;
annual, of Dec. 5, 1815, 105;
annual, of Dec. 3, 1816, 143, 144;
special, of March 3, 1817, vetoing bill for internal
improvements, 151.
“Messenger,” stallion, i. 51.
Mexico, Jefferson’s language to, iv. 340, 341.
Michigan Territory, iii. 176;
population in 1810, v. 289.
(See Detroit.)
Michillimackinaw, Island of, vi. 294;
captured by British expedition, 314, 320;
Croghan’s expedition against, viii. 32;
demanded by British at Ghent, ix. 34.
Milan Decree (see Decrees).
Militia, condition of, in 1808, iv. 210, 213;
appropriation for, 224;
constitutional power of Congress over, vi. 159, 160, 400;
Cheves’s opinion on the war power, 160;
act authorizing call for one hundred thousand, 204, 390;
refuses to cross the frontier, 351, 352, 360;
of Kentucky, 391, 393 (see Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia,
Washington City);
praised by political parties, viii. 217;
system a failure in 1814, 217–219;
tainted with fraud, 219;
intended for overthrowing the national government, 220;
of Massachusetts and Connecticut withdrawn from national service
in September, 1814, 220, 221;
of Vermont refused for defence of Plattsburg, 222;
views of the Massachusetts Senate regarding, 226;
Monroe’s complaints of, 264;
Monroe’s scheme for drafting from, 265, 266;
Giles’s bill for raising eighty thousand by draft, 269–280;
Troup’s opinion of, 274;
Madison’s recommendation for, ix. 105.
Mill, James, his reply to Spence and Cobbett, iv. 329.
Milledge, John, Governor of Georgia, and the Yazoo sale, i. 305.
Miller, James, lieutenant-colonel of Fourth U. S. Infantry, at
Detroit, vi. 326, 328;
appointed colonel of the Twenty-first Infantry, viii. 36;
at Lundy’s Lane, captures the British guns, 54, 55, 60;
promoted to brigadier, takes command of Scott’s brigade, 87;
carries British battery in sortie from Fort Erie, 87, 88.
Miller, John, colonel of Nineteenth U. S. Infantry, leads sortie at
Fort Meigs, vii. 107.
Miller, Morris S., member of Congress from New York, on the States
taking care of themselves in 1814, viii. 276.
Miller, Samuel, captain of marines, at Bladensburg, viii. 143.
Minor of Natchez, iii. 224, 225, 315.
Mint, opposition to, i. 299; ii. 77.
Miranda, Francesco de, his plans to revolutionize Colombia, iii.
189 _et seq._;
distrusted by Burr, 189, 238;
visits Washington, 190;
his letter to Madison, 191;
sails, 191;
defeated by the Spaniards, 209;
returns to New York, 238.
Mirò, Governor, iii. 269.
Mississippi, district of, created, ii. 257.
Mississippi militia, with Jackson at Mobile, viii. 328;
at New Orleans, 333, 337, 344–346.
Mississippi River, British right of navigating, under the treaty of
1783, ix. 44–46, 52.
Mississippi Territory, admitted into the Union, ix. 119.
Mitchell, D. B., Governor of Georgia, vi. 242.
Mitchill, Dr. Samuel L., i. 69, 93, 110;
in the Seventh Congress, 264;
in the Eighth Congress, ii. 153, 218, 238;
senator from New York, iii. 126, 139, 430, 431.
Mobile, intended to be seized at the outbreak of the war, vii. 206,
207;
Congress authorizes seizure of, 208, 209;
Gallatin’s remonstrance against seizure of, 211–213;
Armstrong orders seizure of, 213, 214;
Wilkinson takes possession of, 217;
Vice-Admiral Cochrane recommends expedition to, viii. 311;
Andrew Jackson arrives at, Aug. 15, 1814, 319, 320;
Jackson waits at, 320–331;
Jackson leaves for New Orleans, Nov. 22, 1814, 331–333.
Mobile Act, annexing Mobile to the Union, ii. 255, 257, 260–263,
291, 293, 304, 380; vi. 236;
criticised by Cevallos, iii. 25;
explained by Jefferson, 56;
Randolph’s explanation of, 163.
“Modern Chivalry,” i. 125.
“Mohawk,” British sloop-of-war, vii. 266.
Mollien, Nicholas François, appointed Minister of the Treasury by
Napoleon, iii. 371.
Money, Captain, of the British ship “Trave,” commands sailors at
the battle of Jan. 8, 1815, wounded, viii. 379.
Monroe, James, and the Callender scandal, i. 325;
nominated minister extraordinary to France and Spain, 433;
accepts, 436;
his language to Pichon, 440;
his instructions, 442;
sails for France, ii. 1;
his arrival in France, 26;
illness of, in Paris, 39;
his draft of claims convention, 41;
his share in the negotiation, 50;
under the influence of other men, 67;
commissioned to negotiate with Spain for West Florida, 248;
takes Rufus King’s place in London, 275, 288, 410;
distrusts Livingston, 289;
returns to Paris, 292, 301;
is instructed to insist upon the right to West Florida, 301;
writes to Talleyrand, 304;
starts for Madrid, 307, 422;
receives answer from Talleyrand, 313;
in ignorance of Pitt’s schemes, 419;
interview with Lord Harrowby, 420;
warns the President to expect a change in British policy, 422;
envoy extraordinary to Spain, arrives in Madrid Jan. 2, 1805,
iii. 23;
his correspondence with Cevallos, 23–36;
his letter to Armstrong, March 1, 1805, threatening a quarrel
with France, 30;
leaves Spain, 37;
adopts Armstrong’s views, 40;
returns to London, 42, 47;
intends to return home in November, 1805, 43;
expects a change in British policy, 43;
negotiations with Mulgrave, 47;
advises the President to press on England and France at once, 49;
his Spanish failure discussed in Cabinet, 58, 65–67;
favored by Randolph for the Presidency, 122, 166;
affected by Senate scheme for a special mission, 150–152;
warned by Jefferson against Randolph, 165;
has his first interview with Fox, 393;
hurt by the appointment of Pinkney as his associate, 400, 414;
his instructions regarding the treaty, 400 _et seq._;
disregards instructions, and signs treaty, 408 _et seq._;
embarrasses Jefferson by his treaty, 411, 434;
his letter to Colonel Taylor of Caroline defending his treaty,
413;
unfortunate in diplomacy, 415;
negotiates with Canning with regard to the “Chesapeake” affair,
iv. 42 _et seq._;
leaves London, 51;
warns Jefferson of danger from England, 71;
sails for home, 128;
Jefferson’s friendship for, 129;
Pickering’s opinion of, 130;
reaches Washington, Dec. 22, 1807, 183;
goes into opposition, 194;
caucus for, 226, 284;
his letter to Nicholson on support asked for the embargo, 346;
Madison’s advances to, v. 159, 161, 162;
his state of mind, 162;
offered the State Department, 366;
his acceptance and policy, 368–374;
takes charge, 380;
Secretary of State, April 1, 1811, vi. 50;
his sensitiveness about the title to West Florida, 38;
his reply to Foster’s protest against the seizure of Florida, 38,
39;
blames Jonathan Russell for questioning the revocation of the
French decrees, 42;
asserts the revocation of the French decrees, 42, 43;
abandons task of reconciliation with England, 44;
requires revocation of the Orders in Council, 45;
delays Barlow’s departure, 50;
his remonstrances to Serurier about Napoleon’s conduct, 51, 54,
188, 189, 194, 195, 200, 217;
his remarks on protection accorded to commerce, 58;
his acceptance of Madison’s policy, 59–61;
affirms to Foster the repeal of Napoleon’s decrees, 65;
his letter of June 13, 1812, to John Taylor of Caroline, 66;
his language to Serurier, in October, 1811, 120;
informs Serurier in November of executive plan, 129;
agrees to assist the independence of Spanish America, 130;
negotiates purchase of Henry’s papers, 178–180;
his remarks to Foster on Wellesley’s instructions, 192;
his conference with House Committee of Foreign Relations, March
31, 1812, 197;
his remarks on the embargo, 199, 200, 202;
his relations toward Matthews and the occupation of East Florida,
238, 240, 241, 242;
his criticisms on the conduct of the war, 396, 397;
assures Serurier he will not negotiate for peace, 415;
proposes to negotiate, 416;
proposes to take a military commission, 419, 420;
hesitates between civil or military control of the war, 421–423;
becomes acting Secretary of War, 423;
excites jealousy, 424, 425;
abandons military career, 425, 426;
offers to prohibit the employment of foreign seamen, 451;
expected to command the army, vii. 35, 37;
declines commission as major-general, 37;
his protest against Armstrong’s military control, 37, 38;
his reply to the Czar’s offer of mediation, 41;
acquiesces in Gallatin’s departure, 42;
his instructions to the peace commissioners in April, 1813, 47,
211;
goes as scout to the lower Potomac, 56;
acting Secretary of War, 81;
his views on the force required for conquering Canada, 148;
instructs commissioners to assert right to Florida, 211;
his views on the seizure of Florida, 212, 213;
his remarks to Serurier on intercourse with Canada, 392;
his antipathy to Armstrong, 411;
advises the President to remove Armstrong, 412, 413;
charges Armstrong with improper ambition, 414;
friendly to Izard, viii. 114;
irritated by Armstrong’s indifference to the defence of
Washington, 121;
accedes to the abandonment of impressment as a _sine qua non_,
122;
acts as a scout, August 19 and 20, 131;
joins Winder, August 21, 133;
notifies Madison and Serurier of expected battle at Bladensburg,
133, 138;
goes to Winder’s headquarters on the morning of August 24, 137;
arrives first on the battle-field at Bladensburg, 139;
changes the order of troops, 140;
returns to Washington, 152;
at Rockville, 156;
returns with the President to Washington, 157;
takes charge of the War Department, 158, 160;
effect of his course on Armstrong, 159;
claims the War Department, 161, 162;
appointed Secretary of War in September, 1814, 163;
admits failure of recruiting service, 216, 266;
declines to receive Massachusetts militia into national service
under a State major-general, 221;
asks Congress for one hundred thousand regular troops in October,
1814, 264;
recommends a draft, 265;
borrows national loans on his private credit, 283, 284;
warns Jackson Sept. 25, 1814, of British expedition against
Louisiana, 326, 329;
his measures for the defence of Louisiana, 326–328;
forbids attack on Pensacola, 327;
orders Gaines to Mobile, and Jackson to New Orleans, 331;
his instructions to the Ghent commissioners, ix. 10–12;
his instructions of June 27, to omit impressment, 33;
recommends a peace establishment of twenty thousand men, 83;
returns to State department, 87, 88;
nominated for the Presidency, 122–124;
elected President, 139.
Montalivet, Comte de, Napoleon’s Minister of the Interior, v. 221;
his efforts for American commerce, 223, 224.
Montgomery Court House (see Rockville).
Montreal, Wilkinson decides to attack, vii. 178;
Amherst’s expedition against, in 1760, 178;
Armstrong and Wilkinson change opinions about, 180–182;
Hampton’s advance toward, 192–194;
British forces in district of, 194–196;
British forces about, in January, 1814, viii. 25.
Moore, Sir John, his Spanish campaign, v. 26, 47, 48.
Moore, Thomas, i. 48;
lines of, on the Philadelphia _literati_, 122;
his verses on Jefferson, 167.
Moose Island, occupied by British troops in July, 1814, viii. 94;
disputed territory, 95;
claimed at Ghent by England, ix. 10, 20, 25, 34, 49, 52.
Morales, Don Juan Ventura, Spanish Intendant at New Orleans,
officially declares the right of deposit at end, i. 419–421;
blamed by Yrujo, 427;
blamed by Cevallos, ii. 60;
defended by Cevallos, iii. 26;
remains at New Orleans, 72–79, 300.
Moravian town, Proctor’s defeat at, vii. 131–142.
Moreau, Jean Victor, Turreau’s note about, iii. 82, 83;
death of, vii. 351.
Morfontaine, treaty of, i. 362, 370, 388; ii. 21, 42, 46, 47, 293,
296, 297, 383.
(See Treaties.)
Morgan, David, brigadier-general of Louisiana militia, commands on
right bank at New Orleans, viii. 370;
driven back, 377.
Morgan, George N., warns Jefferson of Burr’s declarations, iii.
255, 279.
Morgan, L., major of First Rifles, repulses British attack on Black
Rock, viii. 69.
Morier, J. P., British chargé at Washington, v. 219;
his protest against the seizure of West Florida, 315.
“Morning Chronicle,” the, on the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 41, 54,
70;
silent toward the American war in 1813, vii. 356;
on American privateers, viii. 197;
on the failure of the war, ix. 35, 43;
on the Ghent correspondence, 43;
on the news from Ghent, 54;
on the treaty, 55.
“Morning Post,” the, on the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 41, 44, 53,
54, 70 _et seq._, 76;
on the principle of retaliation, 132, 317;
on the American frigates, vii. 13;
calls for execution of British subjects taken in arms, 362;
on the American government, ix. 4, 5.
Morocco, ii. 137.
Morris, Charles, captain in U. S. navy, commands corvette “Adams,”
viii. 95;
destroys his ship in the Penobscot, 96.
Morris, Commodore Richard Valentine, dismissed, ii. 137.
Morris, Gouverneur, i. 93;
senator of the United States, in the judiciary debate, 279;
assails the Government, 435;
on the right of deposit, 435; ii. 283;
on the Louisiana purchase, ii. 99, 101;
his oration on the overthrow of Napoleon, viii. 19, 20;
his letter on the Hartford Convention, 299;
assists Erie Canal, ix. 168.
Morrison, J. W., lieutenant-colonel of British Eighty-ninth
Regiment, commanding at Chrystler’s Farm, vii. 189, 190;
reinforces Drummond, viii. 46.
Morse, Jedediah, i. 78, 93.
Moscow, occupied by Napoleon, vii. 4, 27;
abandoned, 9, 30.
Moseley, Jonathan Ogden, member of Congress from Connecticut, viii.
277.
Mountmorris, Lord, v. 265.
Mulcaster, W. H., captain in British navy, commands flotilla in
Wilkinson’s rear, vii. 187;
wounded in attacking Oswego, viii. 29, 30.
Mulgrave, Lord, British Foreign Secretary, his reception of
Monroe’s complaints in 1805, iii. 47;
his indifference to American affairs, 48;
affirms the Rule of 1756, 48;
fails to answer Burr’s inquiries, 229, 232.
Murray, Sir George, British major-general, succeeds Prevost as
governor-general of Canada, viii. 118, 267.
Murray, J., colonel in British service, retakes Fort George, vii.
202;
captures Fort Niagara, 203.
Murray William A., Lieutenant of Artillery, his report of
conversation in New Orleans respecting Burr’s conspiracy, iii.
303.
Muscogee Indians (see Creeks).
Nantucket, British naval station, vii. 278; viii. 287;
relieved from operation of the embargo in 1814, 369.
Napier, Charles James, lieutenant-colonel of British infantry, vii.
272;
his remark on the Craney Island affair, 274;
on the affair at Hampton, 276;
on plundering the Yankees, 278.
Napoleon, i. 334;
and Talleyrand, 357, 359;
restores peace in Europe, 360, 363, 370, 373, 374, 395;
obtains retrocession of Louisiana, 363–370;
his anger with Godoy, 373–375;
makes peace with England, 374;
parallelism with Louverture, 383, 387, 388;
attacks Louverture, 390;
his explanations to the British Government, 391;
his letter to Louverture, 392, 393;
his instructions to Leclerc, 397, 398;
orders the occupation of Louisiana, 399, 400;
attempts to obtain Florida, 402;
Jefferson’s messages to, 404, 410, 411, 413, 443;
his account of his miscarriage at St. Domingo, 416;
fears a war with the United States, ii. 2;
abandons his colonial system, 14 _et seq._;
scene with Lord Whitworth, 19;
reveals his determination to cede Louisiana, 25–28;
angry scene with his brothers, 34 _et seq._;
his _projet_ of a secret convention respecting Louisiana, 40;
objects to the payment of claims, 51;
his inducement to sell Louisiana, 52;
his conduct toward Spain, 56;
his avowal as to the sale of Louisiana, 61;
his reasons for betraying Charles IV., 63;
for selling Louisiana, 63 _et seq._;
repudiates drafts on the public Treasury, 270;
prepares for a descent on England, 291;
weary of Talleyrand, 310, 312;
Jefferson’s language about, 348, 353, 381;
his irritation at Jerome’s marriage, 379;
his intervention in Monroe’s Spanish negotiation, iii. 26, 29,
30, 32, 41, 82;
not influenced by corruption of his subordinates, 42;
begins war with Austria and Russia, 73, 76, 77, 103;
forbids trade with St. Domingo, 89;
captures Ulm and enters Vienna, 106, 370;
returns to Paris, 371;
his financial measures in 1806, 372–375;
defeats Talleyrand’s plan for a settlement between Spain and the
United States, 383;
wins the battle of Jena, 388;
issues the Decree of Berlin, 389;
makes the treaty of Tilsit, iv. 62, 105;
attacks Portugal and Denmark, 106;
enforces his Berlin Decree against the United States, 109, 110;
Armstrong’s story about his attitude toward Florida, 114;
orders his armies into Spain, 117;
his proposed division of Portugal, 119;
offers Lucien the crown of Spain, 124;
issues the Decree of Milan, 126;
treats the United States as at war with England, 221, 292, 295,
312;
seizes the Spanish Court, 298;
crowns Joseph King of Spain, 300;
his Spanish plan for conquering England, 303;
issues the Bayonne Decree, 304;
his Spanish campaign, v. 22–28;
his severity toward American commerce, 30–32;
withholds Florida, 32, 33;
his causes for rupture with the United States, 39, 40;
his war with Austria in 1809, 106, 134;
learns the repeal of the embargo and of the British Orders, 136;
his first reply to Armstrong’s communication, 137;
drafts decree withdrawing the Milan Decree, 139;
cause of his hesitation, 140, 141;
lays aside his repealing decree, 141;
his view of the right of search, 137, 145, 149;
his draft of Vienna Decree of Aug. 4, 1809, 143, 144, 230, 233,
236;
quarrels with his brother Louis, 146, 147;
his increased severity toward the United States, 150–152, 220;
calls a Cabinet council on commerce, Dec. 19, 1809, 220, 221;
discussions with Montalivet, 221, 223;
his note to Gaudin on American ships, 224;
his want of money, 225, 226, 237;
calls for a report from Champagny, Jan 10, 1810, 226, 227;
his dislike for Armstrong, 228, 229;
his condition for the revocation of his decrees, 229;
his draft of note asserting retaliation on the Non-intercourse
Act, 230, 231;
his reply to Armstrong’s remonstrances, 234, 235;
his memory, 235;
his Decree of Rambouillet, 236;
his threats of annexing Holland, 238, 246;
his annexation of Holland, 241, 242;
his reflections on Macon’s act, 244, 245;
his license system, 246;
his instructions to Champagny ordering announcement that the
decrees will be withdrawn, 253;
dictates letter of Aug. 5, 1810, 253;
his idea of a trap, 257, 383;
his instructions of Dec. 13, 1810, on the non-intercourse and the
Floridas, 384;
on commercial liberties, 386;
his address of March 17, 1811, to the deputies of the Hanse
Towns, 396, 397;
his address of March 24, 1811, to the Paris merchants, 398, 399,
420;
appoints Maret in place of Champagny, 401;
orders a report on American commerce, 402, 403;
admits American cargoes, May 4, 1811, 404;
his instruction of Aug. 28, 1811, about Spanish America and
Florida, 407, 408;
his rupture with Russia and Sweden, 408–427;
his order of May 4, 1811, opening his ports to American commerce,
vi. 44, 59;
probable amount of his spoliations, 247;
his restrictions on American commerce, 247;
goes to Holland, Sept. 19, 1811, 248;
his interview with Joel Barlow, 249;
his extension of the license system in January, 1812, 250;
his seizure of Swedish Pomerania, 251, 252;
his Decree of St. Cloud, April 28, 1811, 255, 256;
his departure for Poland, May 9, 1812, 258;
enters Russia, 259, 288;
his battle at Borodino, Sept. 7, 1812, 263;
enters Moscow, Sept. 15, 1812, 263;
begins his retreat, 264;
his passage of the Beresina, 264;
his return to Paris, December, 1812, 265;
enters Moscow, vii. 4, 26, 27;
begins retreat, 9;
leaves his army, 11;
returns to Paris, 30;
organizes a new army, 339;
wins battles of Lützen and Bautzen, 340, 344, 391;
makes armistice, 340;
wins battle at Dresden, 350;
overthrown at Leipzig, 355, 360, 370, 393;
approaching fall of, 362, 393;
effects of overthrow on Congress and the President, 393–395;
his return from Elba, ix. 56, 83;
overthrown at Waterloo, 104.
“Narcissus,” British 32-gun frigate, captures “Viper,” vii. 313.
Nash, Thomas, ii. 333.
Natchez delivered to the United States, i. 355.
“National Intelligencer,” origin of, i. 121;
publishes Paine’s letters, 328;
prints the British Impressment Proclamation, iv. 166, 172, 186;
publishes the Milan Decree, 195;
on renewal of intercourse with Great Britain, v. 75;
on Erskine’s disavowal, 109, 110;
Joel Barlow’s letter in, 299;
office destroyed by Cockburn, viii. 147.
Naturalization, the law of, in England and America, ii. 337
_et seq._;
British laws of, vii. 21–23;
issue raised, 360.
Naturalization law adopted, i. 301.
“Nautilus,” East India Company’s cruiser, ix. 73.
“Nautilus,” sloop-of-war, captured, vi. 369, 386; vii. 312, 313.
Navigation, British law of, ii. 318, 321, 413.
Navigation Act, moved by Macon, v. 183.
Navigation Act of 1816, ix. 146, 147.
Navy, British, cost and pay-roll of, vii. 20.
Navy Department (see Samuel Smith, Robert Smith, Paul Hamilton,
William Jones, B. W. Crowninshield).
Navy of the United States, Jefferson’s opinion of, i. 222, 223,
238;
Gallatin’s views on, 222, 240, 252;
Giles’s views on, 287;
Leib’s proposal to abolish, 299;
condition in 1801, 242–245;
economies in, 272;
four sloops-of-war and fifteen gunboats built in 1803, ii. 77;
cost and estimates, 77, 136;
at Tripoli, 137–141, 425–436;
Jefferson suggests ships-of-the-line for, iii. 113, 178, 201;
fifty gunboats voted in 1806, 181;
favored by Jefferson, 201;
arguments for and against gunboats, 352;
gunboats adopted in 1807, iv. 158, 159;
frigates to be laid up in case of war, 159;
frigates to be used to serve gunboats, 427;
in 1809, v. 168, 169;
reductions in 1810, 200–207;
opposed by Republican party, vi. 162;
increase refused by Congress in January, 1812, 164;
condition of, in June, 1812, 363, 364;
distribution of, in September, 1812, 377, 378;
movements and battles of, in 1812, 362–387;
increase of, 436, 449;
condition of, in 1813, vii. 287;
appropriations for, in 1814, 384, 385;
legislation for, in November, 1814, and February, 1815, viii.
281;
war establishment retained in peace, ix. 87, 119.
(See Gunnery, “Constitution,” “President,” “United States,”
“Constellation,” “Chesapeake,” “Congress,” “Essex,” “Adams,”
“Wasp,” “Hornet,” “Argus,” “Peacock,” “Syren,” “Nautilus,”
“Louisiana,” “Carolina.”)
Navy-yards, incompetency of, iv. 6.
Nelson, Roger, member of Congress from Maryland, ii. 229;
favors abandoning cities in case of attack, iii. 350, 353;
on reduction of armaments in 1810, v. 202, 203.
Negril Bay (see Jamaica).
Nesselrode, Count, accompanies Czar Alexander as foreign secretary,
vii. 344;
his despatch of July 9 to Lieven, 346, 349;
ignorant of the Czar’s orders to Roumanzoff, 349, 352, 354.
Neutrals, admitted to colonial ports of France and Spain, ii. 321;
British doubts whether to recognize trade of, with colonies of
belligerents, 321, 322 (see Rule of 1756);
affected by practice of blockade, 322, 399;
forbidden by England in 1793 to trade with belligerent colonies,
322, 323;
permitted in 1794 to trade with belligerent colonies, 324, 327,
328;
prosperity of United States as, 329, 332;
neglect of obligations of, 337;
Madison’s demands for, in December, 1803, 385, 386, 419, 420,
423;
British West Indies hostile to, 416;
British measures of 1805 hostile to, iii. 44–46;
James Stephen’s pamphlet on frauds of, 50–53;
practice of blockading ports of, 91–94, 199, 200;
anger of the American merchants at British restrictions on, in
1805, 95–98, 143, 144, 151;
Madison’s pamphlet on rights of, 102;
Madison’s remonstrances on infringement of rights of, 109, 110;
Jefferson’s annual message of 1805 regarding, 112;
infringement by Miranda of law of, 190–195, 208;
British disregard of rights of, 202, 203;
Jefferson’s scheme of alliance to protect, 204;
Napoleon’s Berlin Decree retaliating on England’s violations of
law of, 389, 391;
Fox’s blockade a concession to, 398, 399;
Madison’s demands for, in 1806, 401;
Monroe’s compromise of rights of, 408–412;
Howick’s Order in Council restricting trade of, 416–421, 435;
rights of, to depend on France and Russia, 437;
aggression against, by British frigate “Leopard,” iv. 1–30;
nature of reparation demanded for, 31, 39, 45, 46, 62 (see
“Chesapeake” affair);
the United States in 1807 almost the only, 66;
West India report on trade of, 67–69;
British lawyers on violations of law of, 77;
Spencer Perceval’s Orders in Council restricting rights of,
79–104 (see Orders in Council);
Napoleon’s Milan Decree, making war on, 126 (see Decrees);
British disregard of law of, in America, 136, 137;
Napoleon’s idea of, as exempt from interference, v. 137, 149;
list of restrictions on commerce of, 152;
of 1809, 165;
Napoleon’s declaration that, after the Milan Decree, there were
no more, 227 (see Napoleon);
defence of, by Russia and Sweden, 409–428 (see Impressment,
Licenses, Spoliations);
Madison’s indifference to duties of, in West Florida, 309, 310
(see Florida, East and West);
Act of 1816, to preserve relations of, ix. 147.
Newark, on the Niagara River, burned by McClure, vii. 202.
Newbury, memorial of town-meeting in January, 1814, viii. 6.
Newburyport town-meeting in January, 1809, iv. 410.
New England in 1800, i. 18;
school-houses, 19;
population, 20;
poverty, 21;
commerce and manufactures, 21 _et seq._;
social system, 76;
schools, 76;
society, organization of, 108;
temper of, toward Jefferson in 1802, 308–330;
conspiracy of 1804 in, ii. 160–190, 391, 392;
its conservatism, Jefferson’s second Inaugural on, iii. 5–9;
townships, Jefferson’s opinion of, iv. 441;
prosperity of shipping in, 1807–1810, v. 15;
prosperity of manufactures in, 16–21;
encouragement of manufactures in, 196, 197;
F. J. Jackson’s reception in, 213–217;
refuses to take the war loan of 1812, vi. 207;
favored by British government in the war, vii. 31, 32;
furnishes money and supplies to Canada, 146, 367, 368;
benefited by the British blockade, 264, 283, 367;
military force assigned to, 284;
banks, their condition and influence, 387, 389; viii. 15;
blockaded, April 25, 1814, 3;
attitude toward the war in January, 1814, 13;
prosperity in 1814, 14;
attitude of clergy, 21–23;
banks maintain specie payments, 214;
frauds in militia system of, 219;
practically independent in September, 1814, 222 (see New England
Convention);
congressional elections of November, 1814, in, 228;
effect of sedition on Madison, 231;
furnishes thirteen regiments, 235;
supplies Scott’s brigade, 236;
supplies Blakeley’s crew, 237;
burden of taxation thrown on, 257;
probable consequence of her proposed action, 318;
delighted by news of peace, ix. 59, 60;
disastrous effects of peace on, 95–103, 126;
church of, in 1816, 133;
representatives of, oppose internal improvements, 150, 151;
increase of population in 1817, 154, 155;
increase of wealth in, 157–160;
division of church in, 175–187.
(See Massachusetts, Connecticut, etc.)
New England Confederation, tendency to, iv. 403.
New England Convention, project of, in 1804, ii. 162–188;
in 1808, iv. 239, 246, 402–407;
in 1812, vi. 402;
in 1814, viii. 4–13;
project realized in October, 1814, 225, 287;
Massachusetts delegates to, 226, 227, 290–292;
Rhode Island and Connecticut send delegates to, 227;
Vermont declines invitation to, 227;
project approved by the people in the November election, 228–230;
its intention to sequester the government taxes, 257;
its demand for State armies conceded by the national government,
284;
assembles at Hartford, Dec. 15, 1815, 292;
character of members of, 292, 293;
proceedings of, 293–298;
report of, approved by Massachusetts and Connecticut, 300, 301,
304, 305;
commissioners appointed to effect the arrangement proposed by,
301, 302;
commissioners start for Washington, ix. 56;
met by news of the battle of New Orleans, 57;
return home, 81;
sarcasms about, 81, 103, 160.
New Hampshire, opposed to disunion in 1804, ii. 162, 169, 204;
becomes Federalist in 1809, v. 13;
sends no delegates to the Hartford Convention, viii. 227;
prosperous, ix. 160.
New Haven, i. 75.
New Jersey, election in 1814, viii. 228;
increase of population in, ix. 154.
New London, blue lights seen from, vii. 279.
New Orleans delivered by Spain to the United States, Dec. 20, 1803,
ii. 256;
sends deputies to Washington, 400;
menaced by Spain in 1805, iii. 17;
Burr’s confederates in, 296;
concentration of troops at, in 1809, v. 169, 170;
to be occupied by British expedition in 1814, viii. 312–314;
military defences of, 316, 317;
Jackson’s delay in going to, 318–320;
Nicholl’s talk of attacking, 321;
Jackson’s neglect of, 325–330;
Monroe’s anxiety for, 331;
Jackson arrives at, Dec. 2, 1814, 333;
population of, 334;
Jackson’s measures at, 335;
news of British capture of gunboats reaches, 336;
martial law proclaimed at, 336, 337;
in danger, 342;
its defences, 344, 345;
volunteer companies of, 344, 345;
volunteers of, in the night battle of Dec. 23, 1814, 346, 347,
351;
night battle of Dec. 23, 1814, 347–351;
artillery battle of Jan. 1, 1815, 358–366;
supplies militia, 368;
in danger from the west bank, 371;
battle of Jan. 8, 1815, 375–381;
news of battle reaches the government, ix. 57;
civil authority restored at, 89, 90;
growth of, 157;
fortifications at, 236.
“New Orleans packet,” seized under the Berlin and Milan Decrees,
vi. 8;
by a “municipal operation,” 42, 43.
Newport, fort at, iv. 210.
Newspapers, American, in 1800, i. 41, 120.
Newton, Gilbert Stuart, ix. 213–215.
New York city in 1800, i. 24;
expenses and sanitary condition, 25;
business, 25 _et seq._;
blockaded by British frigates, iii. 91, 203;
debate in Congress on the propriety of fortifying, 351, 355;
described by F. J. Jackson, v. 213;
population in 1810, 289;
affected by the blockade, vii. 264;
depreciation of currency, ix. 62;
increase of exports, 126;
increase of population, 155, 156;
immigrants to, 161;
exports and imports of, 166, 167;
steamboats in 1816, 171, 173.
New York State in 1800, i. 3, 6, 23, 108–114;
politics in 1802, 331, 332;
politics in 1804, ii. 170–190;
election of 1809, v. 13;
insurrection in, on account of the embargo, iv. 259;
position of, in census of 1810, v. 289;
banking mania in, vi. 208;
election in May, 1812, 209;
nominates De Witt Clinton to the Presidency, 215;
recruiting in, 305;
politics of, in 1813, vii. 48, 49;
suffrage in, 50;
jealousy of Virginia, 402, 403;
elections in April, 1813 and 1814, viii. 11, 12;
banks suspend payment, 214;
soldiers furnished by, 235;
arrears of internal taxes in, 256;
creates a State army, 282;
elections in April, 1815, ix. 93;
election in April, 1816, 132, 133;
growth of population, 1800–1816, 154, 167;
growth of wealth in, 166, 167;
begins the Erie Canal, 167–170.
“Niagara,” 20-gun brig on Lake Erie, commanded by Jesse D. Elliott,
vii. 120;
her armament, 121, 122;
taken command of by Perry, 123, 124;
ill-fought by Elliott, 125.
Niagara, Fort (see Fort Niagara).
Niagara frontier, military importance of, vi. 304, 310;
force at, 311, 320, 341, 344;
force raised to six thousand men, 345;
Van Rensselaer’s campaign at, 346–353;
Alexander Smyth’s campaign at, 353–358;
sickness of troops at, 359;
Brown’s campaign at the, viii. 24–90;
British force at the, in June, 1814, 38, 39;
victories fail to stimulate enlistments, 217, 218;
cession required as a condition of peace, ix. 7.
Nicholas, Wilson Cary, i. 221;
senator from Virginia, dissuades the President from raising
Constitutional question, ii. 87, 88, 94;
on the Louisiana treaty, 111;
retires from the Senate, 221;
helps to set Monroe aside, iii. 152;
on Randolph’s philippic, 173;
writes to Jefferson doubting the possibility of longer embargo,
iv. 345, 346;
file-leader of the House, 428;
urges Giles to withdraw opposition to Gallatin, 429, 430;
his resolution to repeal the embargo, 435, 438;
on the appointment of Gallatin as Secretary of State, v. 4, 5, 6;
resigns from Congress, 76;
his letter to Jonathan Mason in 1814, viii. 306, 308.
Nicholl, Sir John, King’s advocate, iii. 417; iv. 96.
Nicholls, Edward, major of the British marines occupies Pensacola,
viii. 319, 320;
issues proclamation to the natives of Louisiana, 320, 321, 325;
distracts Jackson’s attention, 321, 322;
evacuates Pensacola and goes to the Appalachicola, 330.
Nicholson, Joseph Hopper, member of Congress from Maryland, i. 261,
268, 433; ii. 95, 100, 124, 144;
invited to attack Judge Chase, 149;
a manager of the impeachment, 225, 228;
offers an amendment to the Constitution, 240;
in the Ninth Congress, iii. 127, 133, 135;
his non-importation resolution, 154;
his resolution adopted, 165;
appointed State Judge, 167, 180;
remonstrates with Gallatin, iv. 32.
Nicklin and Griffith, iii. 153.
Non-importation (see Non-intercourse).
Non-intercourse, list of acts, v. 194;
partial, moved by Senator Samuel Smith in February, 1806, iii.
146;
debate on, 147;
favored by Madison, 148, 426;
opposition to, 150;
Smith’s resolutions adopted, 151;
Gregg’s resolution of Jan. 29, 1806, 154, 155, 165;
Nicholson’s resolution, Feb. 10, 1806, 154, 155;
Nicholson’s resolution adopted, 165, 166;
Non-importation Bill reported, March 25, 1805, 175;
becomes law, April 18, 1806, 175;
suspended, Dec. 19, 1806, 349;
effect of, in England, 394, 399;
conditions of its repeal, 401, 436;
to remain suspended, 430, 436, 437;
favored by Jefferson after the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 34, 36;
expected by Erskine, 144;
Non-importation Act goes into effect, Dec. 14, 1807, 165 (see
Embargo);
not avowed as a coercive policy in Congress, 203;
or by Jefferson, 176, 204;
bill for total non-intercourse introduced, 444;
becomes law, March 1, 1809, 453.
Non-intercourse Act of March 1, 1809, its effect on commerce, v.
35, 36;
English view of, 62;
affected by Erskine’s arrangement, 80, 88, 90;
revived by Erskine’s disavowal, 111, 114, 115;
communicated to Napoleon, 135;
communication denied by Napoleon, 232, 234, 235, 254;
Champagny’s complaints of, 140;
Napoleon’s retaliation on, 143, 150, 151, 230, 232, 254, 255;
its mischievous effects in America, 164, 165, 166, 178, 184;
about to expire, 183;
suspended, 195–198, 210;
revived by proclamation of Nov. 2, 1810, 302, 303, 304.
---- of May 1, 1810, its passage, v. 194–198, 274;
its effect on Napoleon, 220, 244, 255;
its effect in England, 273–276;
its condition precedent to reviving non-intercourse, 297;
creates a contract, 342, 395, 396.
---- of March 2, 1811, reviving Act of March 1, 1809, moved by
Eppes, Jan. 15, 1811, v. 338;
decided upon, 347;
amended, 351;
reported, 352;
passed, 354, 391;
its effect on Napoleon, 393, 394, 400, 404;
Foster’s instructions on the, vi. 23;
his protest against, 39;
his threat of retaliation, 44, 124;
not noticed by Napoleon, 56;
an intolerable burden to the United States, 140;
efforts to suspend, 205, 230–234, 447;
not retaliated by England, 270;
forfeitures under, 438–443;
Calhoun on, 444;
bill for stricter enforcement of, 448.
Norfolk, the mayor of, forbids communication with the British
squadron, iv. 27;
exposed to attack, vii. 269;
fortifications of, 271;
attacked by British expedition, 272–275;
sickness among militia at, viii. 219.
“North American Review,” ix. 207.
North Carolina in 1800, i. 36;
cotton-planting, 37, 148;
in 1816, growth of population, ix. 154, 155, 161;
growth of wealth, 163;
legislative report on internal improvements, 164.
Norton, Rev. Andrews, ix. 182.
Nottingham, in Maryland, Ross’s camp, Aug. 21, 1814, viii. 129.
Ocaña, battle at, v. 268.
Ocracoke Inlet, captured by Admiral Cockburn, vii. 277.
Offices, Jefferson’s removals from, i. 230 _et seq._
Ogden, owner of the “Leander,” iii. 190;
indicted by Jefferson, 195.
Ogden, Aaron, appointed major-general, vii. 37.
Ogden, Peter V., iii. 252, 255;
carries despatches to Burr’s friends in New Orleans, 295;
arrested at Fort Adams, 319;
discharged from custody, 340.
Ogdensburg, captured in 1813, vii. 147;
passed by Wilkinson, 185.
Ohio, admitted into the Union, i. 302; ii. 76;
population in 1810, v. 289;
militia, vii. 102;
growth of, ix. 155.
Ohio River settlements in 1800, i. 2.
Ohio, Territory of, ii. 121.
Olcott, Simeon, senator from New Hampshire, ii. 160.
Old Fields, Winder’s army camps at, vii. 134;
retreat from, 135.
Olmstead, Gideon, case of, v. 13;
Marshall’s opinion in case of, ix. 188, 189.
Ontario, Lake, armaments on, vi. 342, 344.
(See Sackett’s Harbor.)
Order in Council, of Jan. 7, 1807, called Lord Howick’s Order,
prohibiting neutral trade from one belligerent port to another,
iii. 416–421; iv. 79, 80, 83, 93, 102, 144, 154, 318;
arrives in America, iii. 435.
---- of Nov. 11, 1807, called Spencer Perceval’s Order, prohibiting
neutral trade with any port from which British trade was
excluded, iv. 79–103;
its publication in England, 132;
arrives in America, 186;
a cause of the embargo, 168, 175, 176, 186, 332;
its object explained by Erskine, 219;
debate in Parliament in 1808, 317–321;
parliamentary inquiry into, 322;
asserted by Canning not to have caused the embargo, v. 51;
Canning’s conditions of repealing, 53, 54, 56, 70–73, 90, 94,
101, 102;
Grenville and Sidmouth’s language regarding, 59, 60;
debate on, March 6, 1809, 60–62;
Erskine’s arrangement withdrawing, 70–73;
disavowal of Erskine’s arrangement, 87–95, 109–113.
---- of April 11, 1808, protecting neutral vessels trading with
British ports, proposed by Perceval, iv. 324;
approved by Bathurst, 325;
opposed by Castlereagh and Canning, 325, 326;
issued, 327;
Madison’s indignation at, 327.
---- of Dec. 21, 1808, suspending export duties on foreign produce,
v. 43, 44;
further relaxations proposed, 45;
their effect on English trade, 46.
---- of April 26, 1809, establishing a general blockade in place of
the Orders of November, 1807, v. 63, 64, 65, 81, 103, 113, 126,
152;
issue chosen by Madison and Monroe, vi. 39, 40, 45, 121, 188;
conditions of repeal, 124, 220;
enforced by British prize-courts, 118, 124, 267;
alleged as Madison’s fourth complaint, 222;
revocation promised by Prince Regent on formal revocation of
French decrees, 254, 282;
popular agitation against, 271, 281, 283;
debate of Feb, 28, 1811, in House of Lords, 275;
debate of March 3 in House of Commons, 276;
Rose’s definition of, 276, 283;
Canning’s remarks on, 277, 278;
Perceval’s account of, 279;
ministers grant a committee on, 283, 284;
suspension of, June 16, 1812, 286, 287, 403;
suspension not satisfactory to the President, 404;
repeal susceptible of satisfactory explanations, 431.
---- of May 24, 1809, repudiating Erskine’s arrangement, and
protecting vessels sailing under it, v. 93, 95;
Canning’s instructions of July 1, 1809, to F. J. Jackson, on,
101–105.
---- of Oct. 13, 1812, directing general reprisals against the
United States, vii. 4.
“Orders in Council,” privateer, captured, vii. 330.
Ordronnaux, John, captain of the privateer “Prince of Neufchatel,”
viii. 209.
Orleans, Territory of, created, ii. 121, 399–409; iii. 223, 224,
296–325.
(See Louisiana.)
“Orpheus,” British 36-gun frigate, sent to communicate with Creek
refugees, vii. 258;
captures “Frolic,” viii. 181.
Osgood, David, minister of Medford, viii. 21; ix. 202.
Osgood, Samuel, i. 108.
Oswego attacked in May, 1814, viii. 29, 30.
Otis, Harrison Gray, Speaker of Massachusetts legislature, ii. 163;
president of Massachusetts Senate, J. Q. Adams’s letter to, iv.
241;
his letter to Josiah Quincy suggesting a New England Convention,
403;
signs Address to the People, 456;
supports State convention in 1812, vi. 402;
supports Clinton for President, 440;
his report of Oct. 8, 1814, on controlling their own resources,
viii. 224;
reports in favor of a New England Convention, 225;
chosen a delegate, 227, 292;
publishes journal of, 293;
his activity in, 294, 295;
Lowell’s opinion of, 294;
appointed commissioner for, 302.
Otter Creek in Vermont, station of Macdonough’s flotilla in May,
1814, viii. 97.
Ouvrard, Gabriel Julien, agent of the French treasury, i. 239;
obtains from Spain financial concessions, iii. 372;
ruined by Napoleon, 374;
his scheme, 378.
Paine, Robert Treat, i. 330.
Paine, Thomas, Jefferson’s letter to, i. 316–318;
arrives from Europe, 327;
his letters in the “National Intelligencer,” 328.
Pakenham, Sir Edward, British major-general, ordered to command
the expedition to New Orleans, viii. 315;
his instructions, 316;
his armament leaves Jamaica, 331, 332;
on the way to Louisiana, 333;
makes land, Dec. 10, 1814, 335;
takes command Dec. 25, 1814, before New Orleans, 352;
contrasted with Jackson, 353;
sends for field-pieces, 355, 356;
halts before Jackson’s breastworks, Dec. 28, 1814, 357;
sends for heavy guns, 358;
digs canal, 367;
his plan of attack, 371–374;
killed in the assault, 375, 376;
his assault compared with Drummond’s, 381.
Palfrey, John Gorham, ix. 206.
“Palladium,” the, i. 314.
“Panoplist,” the, ix. 178.
Papenberg, v. 165.
Paris, capitulates, March 31, 1814, ix. 6;
pleased with the victory at Plattsburg, 35, 36;
Napoleon’s return to, 56.
Parish, David, shares loan of 1813, vii. 44, 45.
Parish, Elijah, his Fast-Day sermon of April 7, 1814, viii. 21, 22;
ix. 202.
Parker, Admiral, ii. 340.
Parker, Daniel, offers the two Floridas, iii. 379.
Parker, Sir Peter, captain of British frigate “Menelaus,” his
death, viii. 164, 165.
Parliament (see Acts of) imposes unequal duties on exports to the
United States, ii. 399;
to lodge in the King in Council the power of regulating commerce
with America, 423;
in 1804–1805 passes acts regulating West India commerce, iii. 44;
debates Howick’s Order in Council, 417;
dissolved, April 27, 1807, iv. 55;
meets June 22, 1807, 55;
report to, on the West Indies, 67, 68, 81;
prorogued, Aug. 14, 1807, 81;
meets Jan. 21, 1808, 317;
debates the Orders in Council, 318–322;
meets Jan. 19, 1809, v. 49;
debates the Orders in Council, 49–52, 58–62;
on the Duke of York, 57, 58;
prorogued June 21, 1809, 98;
prorogued June 15, 1810, 275;
passes the Regency bill, January, 1811, vi. 13, 14;
meets Jan. 7, 1812, 270;
debates in, 270–280;
orders a committee of inquiry into the Orders in Council, 282,
284;
meets Nov. 24, 1812, vii. 10;
debates on the speech from the throne, 10;
debates the American war, Feb. 18, 1813, 17–24;
debate of Nov. 19, 1814, on the Ghent correspondence, ix. 43.
Parma, Duchy of, i. 363, 371.
Parsons, Theophilus, chief-justice of Massachusetts, i. 48, 87, 89,
93; ii. 164; iv. 29;
his opinion of the unconstitutionality of the embargo, 411;
his opinion on the power of a State over its militia, vi. 400;
his assurance to Pickering, vii. 52.
Party, the Federalist, in New England, i. 76, 82–89, 329; ii. 160,
170, 202;
in New York, i. 109; ii. 171, 191;
views on government, i. 252;
on the Judiciary, 273–275, 279, 290, 297;
on the treaty-making power, 99, 100, 105, 110, 111;
their attitude toward Jefferson and the embargo, iv. 228, 232,
240, 242, 283, 286, 408;
deprived of grievances, v. 77;
praise Madison, 78, 158;
make common cause with Jackson, 158;
described by Giles, 180;
in Congress, Foster’s reports of their conduct and advice, vi.
171–175;
their reception of Henry’s documents, 183, 184;
cease attempts to discuss war, 227, 228;
their attitude toward the war, 398, 399;
support Clinton for the Presidency, 410;
strength of, in 1813, vii. 51;
encouraged by overthrow of Napoleon, 370;
divided on protection to manufactures, 376;
their inert perversity, viii. 1, 2;
divided on the question of a New England Convention, 9–13;
praise militia, 217;
of New England believe the crisis arrived in September, 1814,
220;
call New England Convention at Hartford, 225;
victorious in the congressional elections of November, 1814, 228;
a majority of the members of Congress north of the Potomac, 229;
oppose tax-bills, 255;
approve report of Hartford Convention, 301;
influence British press, ix. 2;
affected by peace, 92, 93.
Party, the Republican, in New England, i. 76, 329, 330; ii. 81,
201, 202;
in New York, 108, 109, 113, 229–236, 331; ii. 171–191;
in Pennsylvania, i. 116, 194–200;
in Virginia, 138–143, 145–148, 179;
in North Carolina, 148;
in South Carolina, 152–154;
political principles of, 199–217, 238–243, 247, 251, 272, 287;
ii. 77, 78, 130, 134, 142, 203, 205, 254–262;
leaders of, in Congress, i. 264–269;
views of, on the Judiciary, 275, 276, 288–290, 297; ii. 143–159,
221–244;
on the treaty-making power, 78–80, 83–91, 94–99, 100–104,
106–112;
on the power of Congress over territories, 116–129;
on exclusive privileges, 208–210;
on British relations, 349, 355, 356;
success in 1803, 74–77;
in 1804, 201;
in 1805, iii. 9, 122, 127;
Randolph’s schism in the, 132–138, 147, 157–164, 166–171,
181–184, 197;
Jefferson’s attempts to restore harmony in 1806, 344–350;
its hostility to fortifications and cities, 350–355;
its attitude toward the slave trade, 356–369;
Monroe’s schism, iv. 128–131, 147, 226, 286;
cause of success, 148, 149;
its hostility to a standing army, 209–212;
its change of attitude toward a standing army, 212–217, 259;
its Presidential candidates in 1808, 226–228;
its attitude toward the Constitution in the embargo, 261–271;
its success in 1808, 284–288;
its attitude toward Spain, 339–343;
revolts against Jefferson in 1808, 357, 358, 382, 432–434,
440–442, 455;
its attitude toward the manufacturing interest in 1809, 449; v.
196, 197;
attempt to restore its purity in 1810, 199–206;
its attitude toward the Bank, 207–209, 327–337, 356;
its attitude toward the Constitution in Florida, 236–244,
320–326;
its attitude on the previous question in Congress, 351–356;
its attitude toward war in 1811, vi. 137–158, 170, 171;
its attitude toward the militia, 159–161;
its attitude toward a navy, 162–164;
its attitude toward taxation, 166–168;
its attitude toward war in 1812, 201–213, 226–229;
its caucus of 1812, 214,
De Witt Clinton’s schism, 215, 410;
its success in the election of 1812, 412–414;
its change of attitude toward a navy, 436;
its treatment of war-taxation, 447.
Passamaquoddy Bay (see Moose Island).
Patapsco River, at Baltimore, viii. 168.
“Patriotick Proceedings” of Massachusetts legislature in 1809, iv.
458.
Patronage, public, Jefferson’s course regarding, i. 224, 294.
Patterson, Daniel T., commander in U. S. Navy, brings the
“Carolina” into action at New Orleans, viii. 346;
establishes battery on west bank, 358, 359–361, 369, 370, 374;
abandons battery and spikes guns, 377, 378.
Patterson, Elizabeth, ii. 377.
“Paul Jones,” privateer, captured, vii. 329, 332.
Paulus Hook, i. 11.
Peace, Prince of (see Godoy).
“Peacock,” American 22-gun sloop-of-war built in 1813, viii. 181;
goes to sea in March, 1814, 182, 183;
captures “Epervier,” 182, 183;
returns to port October 30, 184, 193;
sails from New York, ix. 63, 70;
fires into “Nautilus,” 73.
“Peacock,” British sloop-of-war, vii. 289;
sunk by “Hornet,” 290.
Pechell, S. G., captain of the British 74-gun ship “San Domingo,”
repulsed at Craney Island, vii. 272, 273.
Peddie, John, British lieutenant in Twenty-Seventh Infantry,
deputy-assistant-quartermaster-general, reconnoitres Bayou
Bienvenu, viii. 338;
his sketch of battle-fields at New Orleans, 359, 360.
_Pêle-Mêle_, ii. 365, 372, 390.
“Pelican,” British sloop-of-war, her force, vii. 305;
captures “Argus,” 306–308.
Pellew, Captain, of the “Cleopatra,” ii. 340.
“Penguin,” British sloop-of-war, her action with the “Hornet,” ix.
71, 72, 230.
Pennsylvania in 1800, i. 29, 114, 115;
schism, the, ii. 194 _et seq._;
politics in 1805, iii. 9;
in 1808, iv. 286;
resists mandate of Supreme Court, v. 13;
decides Presidential election of 1812, vi. 412;
affected by blockade, vii. 264;
creates forty-one banks in 1814, viii. 16;
election of 1814, 228;
arrears of internal taxes in October, 1814, 256;
creates a State army, 282;
bank circulation in 1816–1817, ix. 130;
growth of population, 1800–1816, 154, 155;
increase of wealth in, 166, 167;
internal improvements in, 168, 169, 171.
Pensacola, visited by Creek Indians, vii. 228;
object of Jackson’s Creek campaigns, viii. 318, 319;
occupied by Nicholls, 319, 320, 322;
seized by Jackson, 326, 329, 330.
Perceval, Spencer, his comments on Howick’s Order in Council, iii.
417, 421; iv. 80;
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 55;
character of, 56;
Sydney Smith’s caricature of, 56 _et seq._, 73;
takes office as Chancellor of the Exchequer, 81;
his paper on the policy and justice of retaliation, 83 _et seq._;
submits his paper on retaliation to the Ministry, 88;
his letter to Charles Abbot, 97;
his orders approved in Council, 102;
prohibits the export of cotton and quinine, 323;
affected by the embargo, 324;
his plan to conciliate the Federalists, 324;
carried into effect, 327;
his relaxations of the Orders in Council, v. 42, 45, 63;
decline of his authority in 1809, 57, 58, 62, 63;
his difficulties with Canning and Castlereagh, 107;
becomes First Lord of the Treasury, 263;
invites Wellesley into the Cabinet, 267;
Wellesley’s opinion of, 281, 282, 283;
prime minister of England, becomes ruler after the insanity of
George III., vi. 2, 3;
retained as prime minister by the Prince Regent, 14;
his indifference to Wellesley’s advice, 268;
his remarks on an American war, 271;
his persistence in the system of commercial restriction, 272;
his remarks on licenses, 274;
his silence toward Canning, 280;
his bargain for Sidmouth’s support, 281;
concedes a committee on the Orders in Council, 283;
his assassination, 284.
Percy, W. H., captain of British 22-gun sloop-of-war “Hermes,”
viii. 322, 325;
attacks Fort Bowyer, 323;
abandons his ship, 324.
Perkins, Jacob, i. 182.
Perkins, Thomas Handasyd, iv. 411.
Perry, Oliver Hazard, commander in U. S. Navy, ordered to Lake
Erie, vii. 115;
creates squadron, 116, 118;
destroys British fleet, 120–127;
his despatch of Sept. 10, 1813, 128;
effect of his victory on the Creek war, 232;
its effect in England, 355, 359, 360;
erects batteries on the Potomac, viii. 164;
his rewards, ix. 141, 142.
Petry, M., v. 228, 229.
Philadelphia in 1800, i. 28, 29;
library company, 61;
intellectual centre in 1800, 117;
population of, in 1810, v. 289;
banks suspend payment, Aug. 31, 1814, viii. 214;
depreciation of currency, ix. 62, 98;
allotted share in loan of 1815, 102;
growth of population of, 156;
immigrants to, 161;
steamboats in 1816, 172.
“Philadelphia,” 38-gun American frigate, captured, ii. 138.
Phillimore, Dr. Joseph, his pamphlets on the license system, vi.
274.
Physick, Dr. Philip Syng, i. 127.
Piankeshaw Indians, vi. 71, 75.
Pichon, Louis André, French _chargé d’affaires_, remonstrates with
Leclerc and is superseded, i. 408; ii. 268;
complains to Talleyrand of the attitude of the United States, i.
437, 439;
observes Jefferson’s close relations with Thornton, ii. 354;
invited by Jefferson to meet Merry at dinner, 369.
Pickering, Judge John, impeachment of, ii. 143 _et seq._;
trial of, 153 _et seq._;
irregularity of trial, 158.
Pickering, Timothy, senator from Massachusetts, i. 88; ii. 110;
quarrels with Yrujo, i. 425;
on the admission of Louisiana to the Union, ii. 105 _et seq._,
160;
his letter to George Cabot on the impending dangers, 161, 164;
receives Cabot’s reply, 166 _et seq._;
letter of, to Rufus King on Burr’s candidacy for the
governorship, 179, 390, 391;
votes for Adams’s resolution, iii. 151;
willing to let the ship run aground, 210;
silent about the “Chesapeake” affair, iv. 29;
his party in the Senate, 146;
praises Monroe, 129, 167;
won by Rose, 184 _et seq._;
cultivated by Rose, 232;
exerts himself to form a coalition with the British ministry,
234;
his letter to Governor Sullivan, 237 _et seq._;
effect in England of his letter to his constituents, 333;
declares Jefferson a tool of Napoleon, 347, 442;
reports Jefferson’s language about the embargo, 359, 442;
his triumph, 401, 409;
described by John Adams, 402;
maintains relations with Rose, 460;
his toast at Jackson’s dinner, v. 217;
his speech on the occupation of West Florida, 321, 322;
loses his seat in the Senate, vi. 116;
his attempt to call a State convention in 1812, 402;
favors disunion, viii. 4, 5;
urges a New England Convention in January, 1814, 5–7;
exhorts Governor Strong to seize the national revenues, 223, 224;
acquiesces in British demands, 288;
suggests doubts of George Cabot’s earnestness, 290, 291;
approves the report of the Hartford Convention, 300, 301;
considers the Union dissolved, 300, 309;
member of the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
on the power of internal improvement, 149.
Pierce, John, killed by a shot from the “Leander,” iii. 199, 211.
Pigot, H., captain of British frigate “Orpheus,” reports number of
Creek warriors, vii. 258.
Pike, Zebulon Montgomery, lieutenant of First Infantry, explores
the sources of the Mississippi, iii. 213;
and of the Arkansas and Red rivers, 214, 223;
brigadier-general, vii. 152;
captures York, 154;
killed, 155.
Pilkington, A., lieutenant-colonel commanding British expedition to
Moose Island, viii. 94.
“Pilot,” British newspaper, on the American frigates, vii. 16.
Pinckney, Charles, i. 152;
appointed minister to Madrid, 294, 427;
obtains a convention for Spanish depredations, ii. 249 _et seq._;
indiscretions of, at Madrid, 275;
compromises Madison, 276;
adopts a high tone with Cevallos, 279;
sends him a threatening letter, 280;
excuse for his conduct, 281;
in an awkward situation, 284;
his recall asked for, 286;
asks the Spanish government to be permitted to resume relations,
315;
recalled, but associated by Monroe in negotiation, iii. 23;
returns home, 37.
Pinckney, C. C., his treaty with Spain, i. 348–350; iii. 38;
candidate for President, iv. 285.
Pinckney, Thomas, appointed major-general, vi. 290;
ordered to prepare for seizing St. Augustine, vii. 207;
ordered to withdraw troops from Amelia Island, 210;
his difficulties in the Creek war, 234;
his estimate of the hostile Indians, 244, 245;
orders the Thirty-ninth Regiment to join Jackson, 245;
prepares army against Creeks, 251;
joins Jackson, 257.
Pinkney, William, author of the Baltimore “Memorial,” iii. 144;
appointed to aid Monroe in London, 152, 165, 169; iv. 354;
arrives in London, iii. 400;
sole minister in London, iv. 162;
remonstrates against the tax on American cotton, 322;
his reply to Canning, 338;
publication of Canning’s personal letter to, 419;
his reply, Dec. 28, 1808, to Canning’s first advance, v. 43, 44,
45;
his reception of Canning’s further advances, 49, 51, 52;
opinion attributed to, by Canning, 54;
his pleasure at the Order of April 26, 1809, 63, 64;
his opinion of Francis James Jackson, 96;
his intimacy with Wellesley, 270, 275;
his reports of Wellesley’s intentions, 271;
inquires whether Fox’s blockade is in force, 277–280;
notifies Wellesley of Champagny’s letter of Aug. 5, 1810, 286;
his “republican insolence,” 287;
demands repeal of the Orders, Nov. 3, 1811, vi. 3;
his argument that the French decrees were revoked and that Fox’s
blockade was illegal, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11;
his definition of blockade, 10;
his demand for an audience of leave, 12, 15;
his hesitation, 16;
his note of Feb. 17, 1811, to Wellesley, 17;
insists on “an inamicable leave,” 18, 20;
his final audience, 19, 20;
his character as minister, 20, 21;
sails for America, 21;
appointed attorney-general, 429;
resigns attorney-generalship, vii. 398;
member of the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107.
Pitkin, Timothy, member of Congress from Connecticut, votes for war
measures, vi. 147;
on the bank capital of the Union, vii. 386;
opposes national bank, ix. 118.
Pitt, William, ii. 316, 320, 324, 326, 328, 330, 336, 342;
restored to power, 396, 418;
determined to re-establish the former navigation laws, 419;
his measures in 1804 and 1805 for restricting American commerce,
iii. 44, 45;
his coalition with Austria and Russia, 73;
Burr expects support from, 235, 238;
death of, 163, 211, 245;
his patronage of young men, v. 264, 265.
Pittsburg in 1800, i. 2;
growth of, in 1816, ix. 157;
steamboats built at, 172.
“Plantagenet,” British seventy-four, at Fayal, viii. 201–207.
Plattsburg, on Lake Champlain, military force at, in October,
1812, vi. 344;
Dearborn’s campaign from, 360;
plundered by British expedition in July, 1813, vii. 192;
Wilkinson’s headquarters in March, 1814, viii. 25;
fortified by Izard, 98, 99;
garrison at, 100;
British armament against, 101–105;
battle of, 106–113;
effect of battle in England, 112;
saved by engineers and sailors, 218; ix. 236;
effect of battle at London, Paris, and Ghent, ix. 35–37, 55;
at Washington, 57.
Plauché, ----, major of New Orleans militia, viii. 345.
Plumer, William, senator from New Hampshire, ii. 160, 364, 405;
Republican candidate for governor of New Hampshire, viii. 11.
Plymouth town-meeting in January, 1809, vi. 414.
Poland, v. 257.
“Polly,” case of the, ii. 328, 340;
rule established by case of, set aside, iii. 45.
“Pomone,” British 38-gun frigate, ix. 64;
extracts from her log, 66, 67;
Decatur’s surrender to, 70.
Population of the United States in 1800, i. 1;
centre of, near Baltimore, 1;
west of the Alleghanies in 1800, 3;
of cities, 59;
in 1810, v. 289;
of the Union in 1817, ix. 154;
movements of, 1800–1817, 154–157, 161, 163, 164.
Porter, David, captain in U. S. navy, commands “Essex,” vi. 377;
captures “Alert,” 377;
returns to port, 378;
sails again, 384;
erects batteries on the Potomac in August, 1814, viii. 164;
his cruise in the Pacific with the “Essex,” 175, 177;
blockaded at Valparaiso, 179;
attacked and obliged to surrender, 180.
Porter, Moses, major of artillery, iii. 246;
colonel of Light Artillery, brevet brigadier-general, commands
artillery in Wilkinson’s expedition on the St. Lawrence, vii.
184;
his opinion on moving against Montreal, 185;
intended by Armstrong to command at Washington, viii. 122.
Porter, Peter Buell, member of Congress from New York, vi. 122;
on Committee of Foreign Relations, 124, 128;
his report favoring war, 133–136;
his war speech, 136;
favors small army, 151;
asks for provisional army, 165;
introduces embargo bill, 201;
calls for volunteers, 355;
charges General Smyth with cowardice, 358;
his duel with Smyth, 358;
raises volunteer brigade under Brown, viii. 34;
strength of his brigade, 37;
at Chippawa, 40, 41, 44;
at Lundy’s Lane, 53, 56, 58, 64;
at Fort Erie, 71, 83;
brings volunteers to Brown, 85;
leads sortie from Fort Erie, 87, 88;
wounded, 88;
fails to create a brigade respectable in numbers, 218;
in the Fourteenth Congress, ix. 107;
helps to defeat Crawford, 123;
assists Erie canal, 168.
“Portfolio,” the, i. 85, 119, 121;
its character and influence, ix. 198–201.
Portland, Duke of, Prime Minister of England, iv. 55;
his opinion on Spencer Perceval’s proposed Order in Council, 88;
his death, v. 107.
Portugal, her ports ordered to be closed, iv. 106;
forced into war, 118;
divided by Napoleon into three parts, 121.
Postal System of the United States in 1800, i. 61;
in 1816, ix. 170, 171.
Postmaster-General (see Gideon Granger, R. J. Meigs).
Potomac (see Eastern Branch).
Pottawatomies, charged by Tecumthe with bad conduct, vi. 111, 112.
Potter, Elisha, member of Congress from Rhode Island, v. 167; vi.
447;
opposes the repeal of the restrictive system, vii. 376.
Power, ------, major-general in British army, commanding brigade at
Plattsburg, viii. 101.
Pozzo di Borgo, ii. 66.
Prairie du Chien, captured by British expedition, viii. 32.
“Preble,” 7-gun sloop in Macdonough’s fleet on Lake Champlain,
viii. 105;
in the battle of Plattsburg, 109.
Preble, Commodore Edward, appointed in command of the Mediterranean
squadron, ii. 137;
at Tripoli, 426.
Prescott, opposite Ogdensburg, vii. 147;
British garrison at, 151;
passed by Wilkinson, 185.
Prescott, William, delegate to the Hartford Convention, viii. 292.
Prescott, William Hickling, ix. 206.
“President,” American 44-gun frigate, ordered to sea, May 6, 1811,
vi. 25, 26;
chases a British war-vessel, 27;
fires into the “Little Belt,” 30;
at New York, 363, 365;
goes to sea, 366;
cruise of, 366, 368;
returns to Boston, 375, 378;
sails again, 381;
returns to Boston, Dec. 31, 1812, 381; vii. 285;
goes to sea, April 30, 1813, 285;
returns to Newport, Sept. 27, 1813, 310;
goes to sea, Dec. 4, 1813, 311;
in British waters, 333;
captured by British squadron, Jan. 15, 1815, ix. 63–70.
Press, Jefferson’s remarks on the, iii. 7.
(See Newspapers.)
Previous question, the rule of, adopted, v. 353–356;
denounced by Stanford, vi. 146.
Prevost, Sir George, governor general of Canada, vi. 317;
his report on the lukewarm and temporizing spirit in
Upper Canada, 318, 319;
negotiates armistice with Dearborn, 323; ix. 33;
his military superiority in August, 1812, vi. 338, 339;
unable to assist Proctor, vii. 108;
on Proctor’s defeat at Fort Stephenson, 113;
unable to man the British fleet on Lake Erie, 118, 119;
his difficulties of transport, 145;
his remarks on supplies from Vermont, 145; viii. 93;
charged with timidity, vii. 147;
visits Kingston in March, 1813, 150;
his supposed force at Kingston, 151, 153;
comes to Kingston in May, 1813, 163;
embarks for Sackett’s Harbor, 164;
attacks Sackett’s Harbor, 165;
repulsed, 166–168;
charged with want of courage, 168–170;
his remarks on Hampton’s movement, 193;
his force for the defence of Montreal, 194–196;
shows timidity toward Hampton, 197;
his proclamation on the burning of Black Rock and Buffalo, 204;
his letter to Wilkinson on the execution of hostages, 361;
reinforced by ten thousand troops in July, 1814, viii. 31, 91;
his letter of Oct. 18, 1814, on the impossibility of supplying an
army in Upper Canada, 92;
his expedition against Plattsburg, 101–105, 107–113, 172;
recalled to England, 118;
asks Cochrane to retaliate for American outrages in Canada, 125;
at Kingston, 267;
effect of his campaign on the negotiation at Ghent, ix. 27,
34–36.
Prevost, J. B., appointed judge at New Orleans, ii. 220; iii. 219;
one of Burr’s correspondents in New Orleans, 296, 319, 324.
Prices of American produce, affected by blockade, vii. 263;
speculative, in imported articles, 263.
Priestley, Dr. Joseph, i. 157, 311.
“Prince of Neufchatel,” in the Irish Channel, viii. 196;
beats off the “Endymion’s” boats, 207–209.
Prince of Peace (see Godoy).
Prince Regent (see George, Prince of Wales).
Princeton College in 1800, i. 129.
Pringle, John Julius, declines appointment as attorney-general,
iii. 11.
Prisons in 1800, i. 128.