+RICHTER, J.+ _History of Missions in India_.
+SCOTT+, Sir +GEO.+ _Burma_.
+SMITH, GEO.+ _Life of Alexander Duff_.
+SORABJI, C.+ _Between the Twilights_.
+STEELE, F. A.+ _India through the Ages_.
+STRACHEY+, Sir +JOHN+. _India_.
+ZIMMERN, ALICE.+ _Renaissance of Girls’ Education_.
_Imperial Gazetteer of India_.
_Quinquennial Report on Progress of Education in India, 1907_.
_Public Instruction Reports, 1860-1910_. Selections
_Statistical Abstract relating to British India, 1911_.
_Reports of Various Missionary Societies_.
Index
+AHMEDABAD+, 181
Ahmednagar, 180
Ajmer-Merwara, 156
Alexandra School, 173
All-Indian Moslem League, 24
Allahabad Conference, 231
Alwar, 154
American Baptist Mission, 67, 151
American Board, 178
Amherst, Lady, 36, 103
Anglo-Indian (Eurasian), 63, 69, 76, 90, 180
Anjuman-i-Islamia, 229
Ārya Samāj, 15, 133, 157
+BAPTISTS+, 67, 85, 151
Baroda: Maharani of, 15, 103, 221;
---- schools in, 148, 229
Benares, 133, 229
Bengali, 101
Besant, Mrs, 133
Bethune School and College, 36, 45, 110, 194, 206
Bharat Stri Mahamandal, 17
Bhopal, 27
Bhore, Miss, 181
Bombay, 160 ff.
Bose, Miss, 111, 201
Brāhma-Samāj, 14, 89, 102, 111, 123, 198
Buddhist, 60, 66, 196, 234
+CALCUTTA, SCHOOL SOCIETY+, 34, 103
Capitation grant, 130
Carpenter, Miss, 38, 42
Chanda Ramji, 167
Chichgar, 173
Chiefs’ College, 145
Christian students, 197 ff.
Church Missionary Society, 104, 139, 142, 194
Clewer Sisters, 116
Compulsory Education, 24, 149
Conversion, 242
Cook, Miss, 35, 103
Covernton, 210, 217
Curriculum, 53, 71, 95, 125, 144, 189, 203
Cursetji, 166
+DACCA+, 78
Danish missionaries, 35
Davies, Emily, 221
Dehra Dun, 133
Diocesan High School, Calcutta, 116, 194
Duff, Dr Alex., 35
Dufferin Fund, 212
+EDEN GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL+, 89
Education: Despatch, 1854: 34, 224;
---- Commission, 1884: 34, 46;
---- Despatch, 1904: 46
Elphinstone, Lord, 162;
---- College, 194
Eurasian, cp. Anglo-Indian
+FRERE, LADY+, 172
+GĀRGĀ+, 29
Gokhale, G. K., 20, 24
Gondal, Rani of, 15
Government, system of education, 22 ff.
Government: attitude to female education, 37, 46, 64, 109, 130, 156,
181, 193, 216;
---- Female Education Committee, 80
Grant Medical College, 208
Gujerati Stri Mandal, 17, 166, 170
+HASTINGS, LADY+, 36, 106
Hindu, 15, 17, 30, 35, 39, 87, 113, 143, 166 ff., 198, 230
Hindu Female Training School, 123
Hostels, 85, 208, 211, 216
Hyderabad, 151
+IDEALS OF WOMANHOOD+, 26, 29, 113, 144, 216, 240
Indian Church, 242
Indian National Congress, 24
Indian schools, 47, 66, 145, 167
Inspectress, 41, 46, 95, 131, 151, 156, 182, 246
International Moral League, 229
Isabella Thoburn School, 45, 137, 194
+JAIPUR+, 154
+LADIES’ SOCIETY FOR FEMALE NATIVE EDUCATION+, 106
Lawrence, Lord, 38
Learned ladies, 31 ff.
Lilavati Singh, 137, 201
Literacy, 25, 63, 150, 165
London Missionary Society, 152
Ludhiana, 215
+MADRAS+, 27, 36, 54, 194, 211, 237
Mahakali Pathshalas, 47, 84, 113 ff.
Maharani’s College, 194
Maitreyi, 30
Manu, Code of, 30
Marathi, 179
Marshman, Mrs, 103
Medical students, 212
Methodist Episcopal, 67
Minto, Lord, 22
Mission schools, 44, 50, 67, 93, 103, 115, 137, 141, 151, 155,
176, etc., 233
Missionary Settlement for University Women, 208
Mohommedan, 14, 17, 69, 82, 89, 111, 163, 171, 202, 229
Moral instruction, 223 ff.
Municipal schools, 36, 87, 182
Mysore, 151, 194
+NASIRABAD+, 156
National Indian Association, 18
Native States, 146, 195
Nauraji, 165
Neo-Hinduism, 133
Nivedita, Sister, 21
Normal schools, cp. Training
+OXFORD MISSION+, 85
+PARANJPE, PRINCIPAL+, 238
Parda: absence of, 163;
---- introduction of system, 33;
---- party, 18, 98;
---- schools, 90, 113, 123, 135, 158, 167
Parsi, 17, 36, 164, 171 ff., 198, 235
Poona, 167, 178, 181
Prabhu Brahmans, 164
Prārthanā Samāj, 170, 241
+QUEEN MARY COLLEGE+, 143
+RAJPUTANA+, 153
Ramabai, 180
Rangoon, 67, 194
Religious instruction, 225 ff.
Results, 241
Roman Catholic, 67, 117
+SARAH TUCKER SCHOOL+, 45, 194
Secondary training, 58, 125, 188
Seva Sadan, 17
Social life, 17, 207
Society for Propagation of the Gospel, 67, 142
Sorabji, Cornelia, 200
---- Lena, 89
---- Mrs, 178
Specialization, 219
Stages of education, 51, 125, 164
Stipends, 198
Students Literary and Scientific Society, 165 ff.
+TEACHERS+, 57, 74, 96, 122, 185
Training schools, 58, 75, 90, 93, 118, 123, 142, 149, 157, 174,
177 ff., 194
Travancore, 152
Trevandrum, 195
+UNITED FREE CHURCH MISSION+, 45, 118, 115, 179
University, 192 ff.
Unrest, political, 20, 208
+WELSH PRESBYTERIANS+, 85
Wesleyan, 139, 151
Whyte, Miss, 118
Widows, 58, 123, 149, 157
Wilson College, 194, 199
Wilson, Mrs, cp. Cook
Wilson, Mrs Margaret, 35, 165, 177
Wilson, Miss, 187
Women’s colleges, 194
---- University, 220
+Y.W.C.A+., 96, 209, 211, 216
+ZENANA BIBLE AND MEDICAL MISSION+, 37, 142, 178
Zenana, cp. parda
FOOTNOTES:
[1] An Indian Theistic sect eclectic in character, founded by Raja
Rammohan Roy in Calcutta, 1828. _Cp. New Ideas in India_--John
Morrison, D.D.
[2] Or Vedic Theistic Association, a patriotic and religious sect,
chiefly in the United Provinces and the Punjāb. Founded in 1875 by
Dyanand Saraswati. _Cp_. as above.
[3] Women who remain behind the curtain.
[4] _Among Indian Rajahs and Ryots_--Sir Andrew H. L. Fraser, K.C.S.I.
[5] _Between the Twilights_--Cornelia Sorabji.
[6] _Women in the Modern National Movements of the East_ (S.C.M.
Pamphlet), by A. de Sélincourt.
[7] Seva Sadan Report.
[8] _Ruler of India Series_--Lord Amherst.
[9] Speech at the Education Congress, 1897--G. K. Gokhale.
[10] _Among Indian Rajahs and Ryots_--Sir A. H. L. Fraser, K.C.S.I.
[11] _Cp_. Diagram, Appendix C.
[12] Lodgings.
[13] 1911 Census Returns. In 1901, 9.8 per cent. men, 0.07 per cent.
women.
[14] _Women in the Modern National Movements of the East_ (S.C.M.
Pamphlet, 1912), A. de Sélincourt.
[15] _Vedic Quarterly_, 1911.
[16] _Koran Sura IV_. (Rodwell’s edition, _Sura_, C.).
[17] A secret phrase or password used for initiation into Hindu sects.
_Cp. Primer of Hinduism_--J. N. Farquhar (C.L.S.).
[18] _Cf. Ancient India_. R. C. Dutt.
[19] _Vedic Quarterly_, 1911.
[20] Manu, ii. 67. S.B.E. The Vedic Sacrament had for its object the
study of Vedic texts.
[21] Manu, ix. 18. S.B.E.
[22] _India through the Ages_. F. A. Steele.
[23] _India through the Ages_. F. A. Steele.
[24] Smriti=tradition (of philosophy).
[25] System of philosophy.
[26] _Calcutta Review_, September 1855.
[27] _India through the Ages_. F. A. Steele.
[28] _History of Missions in India_. J. Richter.
[29] _Biography of Alexander Duff_. George Smith.
[30] Appointed to the Subordinate Educational Service in 1876. India
Office Note.
[31] Popular Education in the North Western Provinces.--_Government
Report_, 1860.
[32] Popular Education in the North Western Provinces.--_Government
Report_, 1860.
[33] An agricultural caste.
[34] Landowners.
[35] _North Western Provinces Report on Education_, 1875.
[36] _Life and Work of Mary Carpenter_. J. E. Carpenter, 1879.
[37] _Six Months in India_. Vol. I., p. 278. M. Carpenter.
[38] _North Western Provinces Report on Education_, 1877.
[39] _Ibid_.
[40] The Madras Report alone gives separate figures:
Secondary schools, Government, 2 Mission, 35 Indian, 0 Primary schools,
” 208 ” 523 ” 331
[41] Pathshala = school.
[42] _Quinquennial Survey of Progress of Education in India_, 1907.
Vol. II. Tables 181-184. These statistics include Eurasian Schools.
[43] _Quinquennial Survey_, 1907. Vol. II. Table 180.
[44] _Quinquennial Survey_, 1907. Vol. I., p. 257.
[45] Comparative Percentages. In 1886--1.6 per cent.; in 1896--2.1 per
cent.; in 1901--2.2 per cent.; in 1907--3.6 per cent.; in 1910--4.6 per
cent.
[46] Schools are classified as
(_a_) Primary, including Standards I to IV.
(_b_) Vernacular Middle, including Standards I to VII.
(_c_) Anglo-Vernacular Middle or Middle English, including Standards I
to VII. English taught from Standard IV.
(_d_) High, including Standards I to X. English taught from Standard IV
and used as a medium in the higher stages.
This classification varies somewhat in the different provinces,
especially as to the age for using English as a medium. (_b_) is
entirely absent from some returns. (_c_) and (_d_) are often grouped
together as secondary schools.
[47] _Quinquennial Survey_. Vol. I., p. 255.
[48] _Renaissance of Girls’ Education_, A. Zimmern.
[49] _Cf_. Appendix A. for curriculum.
[50] _World Missionary Conference Report_. Vol. III. p. 51.
[51] _Cf_. Appendix B.
[52] “Marriage in Burma is simply concubinage, which may terminate at
the desire of either party.” _Christian Missions in Burma_. W. C. B.
Purser.
[53] _Public Instruction Report, Burma_, 1910.
[54] _Public Instruction Report, Burma_, 1910.
[55] _Missions in Burma_, p. 13. W. C. Purser.
[56] _Burma_. M. and B. Ferrars.
[57] _Report of Public Instruction in Burma_, 1910, p. 41.
[58] Dramatic tales with pointed moral. The “Pyazats,” the modern
development thereof are popular burlesque plays, performed at
festivals. _Cf_. _Burma_. Sir George Scott.
[59] _Public Instruction Report_, p. 18.
[60] _Cf_. p. 66.
[61] This was written before the Durbar Proclamation on the further
re-adjustment of Bengal areas. Calcutta is now the capital of the
Bengali-speaking districts.
[62] White veil with eye-holes, enveloping the whole person.
[63] Mohammedans, 18 millions. Hindus, 11½ millions. Animists, 1¼
millions. 1901 Census.
[64] This title is used of a Mohammedan woman of a ruling family, or
who can prove direct descent from the Prophet.
[65] A literary caste.
[66] A literary caste, about 25 per cent. of their women are literate.
[67] Descendants probably of the original inhabitants of the district.
[68] Shloka, a particular type of Sanskrit metre, often used loosely to
mean any verse of Sanskrit poetry.
[69] Patshala = school.
[70] Information throughout is chiefly drawn from _Proceedings of
Female Education Committee_.
[71] Teacher.
[72] _Cf_. p. 137.
[73] 50 rupees per month in addition to 25 rupees gari-allowance is
given to each governess and the pupils do not contribute much.
[74] _Indian Speeches_. Lord Curzon.
[75] Work. “It is not my work” is a common excuse.
[76] _Cf_. Note Chap. IV, p. 78.
[77] _Imperial Gazetteer of India_--Volume _Bengal_.
[78] Only 3171 in the 1901 Census.
[79] _Position of Women in Indian Life_. Her Highness the Maharani of
Baroda. _Cf_. also Chap. II, p. 36.
[80_1] _Calcutta Review_, 1855.
[80_2] _Calcutta Review_, 1855.
[81] _Address on Female Education in India_, 1839, delivered by Dr Duff
at the First Annual Meeting of the Scottish Ladies’ Association.
[82] Percentage of girls of school age at school.
1881 0.87
1891 1.61
1901 1.8
1910 4.3
The total number of girls under instruction is now 171,569.
_Imperial Gazetteer. Bengal Public Instruction Report_, 1910.
[83] _Imperial Gazetteer_.
[84] _Cf_. Chap. II, p. 36.
[85] _Cf_. Chap. IX.
[86] The Goddess of Learning. On her festival, students will pile their
books and inkpots before the shrines in their colleges for special
blessing.
[87] Worship.
[88] Lady, a title of respect.
[89] _Report of the Mahakali Patshala_.
[90] 1911 Census. _Statistical Abstract of British India_.
[91] A school under the English Code, where only 15 per cent. of the
pupils may be of Indian parentage.
[92] _Bengal Public Instruction Report_, 1910.
[93] _Cf_. Chap. VIII.
[94] Inspectress’s Report.
[95] _Public Instruction Report, United Provinces_, 1910.
[96] _Cf_. _Young India and the Education of Girls_, E. R. M’Neile
(C.M.S.).
[97] Formed from Statistical Tables III and IIIA. _in Public
Instruction Report for United Provinces_, 1910.
[98] _Cf_. _The Renaissance in India_, C. F. Andrews.
[99] _Public Instruction Report, United Provinces_, p. 34.
[100] _Public Instruction Report, Panjāb_, 1910.
[101] _Cf_. p. 178.
[102] _Female Education in North India. East and West_, January 1911.
M. P. Western, Principal, Victoria May School.
[103] The prospectus of the Conjeevaram School (South India) presents
several unique features. The Hindus consider it their best school. A
visit was, unfortunately, impossible.
[104] _Administrative Problems of British India_, book ii., chap. i. J.
Chailley.
[105] Chief minister.
[106] _Public Instruction Report, Bombay_, 1910, p. 24.
[107] _Imperial Gazetteer of India_.
[108] The great “war-sacrifice of honourable death” practised by the
Rajputs. When resistance was unavailing, they chose death in battle
rather than surrender.
[109] From _The Land of the Princes_, Gabrielle Festing.
[110] _Imperial Gazetteer_.
[111] _Statistical Abstract of British India_, 1911. Approximate
figures.
[112] Asoka, ruler of India, +B.C.+ 272-231. He is known as the
Constantine of Buddhism.
[113] A society similar to the Brāhma-Samāj, but less organized and not
so strong numerically. _Cf_. _New Ideas in India_. Morrison.
[114] There are also 190 girls studying in the High Stage of 12 of the
schools classified for various reasons as Middle.
[115] High and Middle schools which have a Primary Department are
included again in the returns of Primary schools.
[116] _Public Instruction Report, Bombay_, Table IIIA.
[117] “English-teaching” schools form a special category in the Bombay
Presidency. There is no limitation to the number of Indian pupils, and
they are not bound by the Anglo-Vernacular Code. _Cf_. p. 179.
[118] Hindu ladies attended first about 1863 in response to special
efforts made on their behalf by Lady Frere.
[119] Farthings.
[120] Detailed information can be obtained in the reports of the
various societies. There are 26 Protestant societies in the Presidency,
most of whom have educational work for girls.
[121] _Cf_. _Life of Pandita Ramabai_, Helen Dyer.
[122] _Public Instruction Report, Bombay_, 1910, p. 27.
[123] _Public Instruction Report, Bombay_, p. 27.
[124] _Ibid_., p. 18.
[125] _Public Instruction Report, Bombay_, p. 29.
[126] _Public Instruction Report, Bombay_, p. 16.
[127] There are in addition three Training Colleges.
[128] Approximate number only.
[129] _Cf_. also _Statistical Abstract, British India_, Table 105.
[130] Dr Mackichan, in Preface to Ratanbai’s Translation of _Les
Parsis_.
[131] F.A.--title given to those who have passed the First Arts
examination, corresponding to “Intermediate.” It is abolished by some
of the Universities. _Cf_. p. 116.
[132] Now married to Pandit Keshavan.
[133] _Administrative Problems of British India_. J. Chailley.
[134] _Indian Unrest_. V. Chirol.
[135] _Administrative Problems_. J. Chailley.
[136] _Indian Unrest_. Chirol.
[137] _Cf_. Report from Secr. M.S.U.W., 74 Denison House, Vauxhall
Bridge Road, London.
[138] _Public Instruction Report_, Bombay, 1910.
[139] There are at present in hospital work in India 47 women medicals
of the first grade (including English women), 92 assistant surgeons,
and 67 hospital assistants, practitioners, etc. _Cf_. _Report of the
Countess of Dufferin’s Fund_, 1911.
[140] _Quinquennial Report_, vol. i.
[141] Founded in 1884, the total value of hospital buildings connected
with the Fund is now 50 lakhs. 90 students are in receipt of stipends.
_Cf_. Report.
[142] _A Problem and its Solution_, E. M. Brown, M.A., M.D. (Procurable
from 36 Fairfield Road, Bromley, Kent.)
[143] Further hospital practice might be available in Ludhiana.
[144] The Y.W.C.A. has student branches in these hostels.
[145] _Bombay Public Instruction Report_, 1910.
[146] Exceptions exist in the Diocesan College, Calcutta, in the case
of non-residents.
[147] _Indian Ladies’ Magazine_.
[148] Alice Zimmern on the aims of the Girton pioneers in _Renaissance
of Girls’ Education_.
[149] _Position of Women in Indian Life_, by Her Highness the Maharani
of Baroda.
[150] _Renaissance of Girls’ Education_. A. Zimmern.
[151] _Unrest and Education in India_. Wm. Miller, D.D., LL.D., C.I.E.
[152] Despatches on Christianity in India--Sir John Lawrence (_Times_
Reprint).
[153] Despatch of the Secretary of State, 1859.
[154] “King George and the Hindoos,” _XIX Century_, January 1912.
[155] _Allahabad Conference Report_, 1911.
[156] G. K. Gokhale.
[157] _Indian Unrest_. Sir Valentine Chirol.
[158] The quotation is from a verbal translation given during the visit
to the school.
[159] _Quinquennial Report_, vol. i. p. 257.
[160] _Unrest and Education in India_. Wm. Miller, D.D., LL.D., C.I.E.
[161] _Allahabad Conference Report_, 1911.
[162] _International Review of Missions_, January 1912. Article by T.
Gairdner.
[163] The Aim of Educational Missions. _East and West_, January 1912.
W. E. S. Holland.
[164] _Student Movement_, 1911, Article by S. K. Rudra.
[165] Cp. on this _The Renaissance in India_, C. F. Andrews.
[166] _Christianity and the New Idealism_, Rudolf Eucken.