increased importance of, 14;
Dunstan’s reforms, 15;
its important position at the time of the Conquest, 36;
marriage of the clergy permitted, 36;
ecclesiastical and secular jurisdiction separated, 38, 49;
its national character, 48;
William I. tries to Romanize it, 38, 48;
marriage of the clergy forbidden by Lanfranc, 49;
William I. head of, 49;
general improvement of, 50;
oppressed by William II., his bad appointments, 60;
archbishopric vacant four years after Lanfranc’s death, 61;
want of discipline in, 61;
Anselm defends ecclesiastical rights, 62;
his reforms, 62;
Irish and Scotch bishops acknowledge the supremacy of
Canterbury, 62;
laymen forbidden to confer investitures, 62;
dispute between Anselm and Henry I. as to the supremacy of the
Church or State, 71;
ends in a compromise at Bec, 71;
decrees against abuses in the Church at a synod at Westminster, 71;
its civilizing power, 71;
continued bad appointments in, 72;
its influence secures Stephen the throne, 77;
its great power, 78;
offended by Stephen, espouses Matilda’s cause, 81, 82, 83;
mediates a compromise between Stephen and Prince Henry, 86;
gives scutage in Henry II.’s wars with Wales, 91;
and with France, 93;
abuses arising from the clergy not being amenable to the secular
courts, 94;
claims upheld by Becket, 95, 96;
Richard I.’s ransom chiefly paid by, 123;
dispute as to the election of archbishops, 130;
interdict in John’s reign, 131;
money extorted from, 133;
rights secured by Magna Charta, 138;
supports De Burgh, 143;
Langton resists Papal tyranny, 144, 146, 147;
society formed against foreign priests, 148;
opposes Des Roches, 150;
joins the lay opposition, 152;
revival in, 153;
foreign priests, 155;
Papal extortions, 158;
Statute of Mortmain, 175, 196;
half their property demanded by Edward I., 185;
refuses further grants, 186;
outlawed, 187;
represented in Parliament, 194;
quarrel with Edward II., 209;
Edward III. attempts to exclude the Bishops from Parliament, 221;
begins to be disliked by the people, 238, 239;
attacked by Wicliffe, 245, 267;
Statute of Provisors, 250;
hated by the people, 266;
supported by Henry IV., 284;
persecutes the Lollards, 289;
urges Henry V. to the French war, 290;
grants him the incomes of priories held by foreigners, 291;
remains prosperous during the war, 318;
retains its property during the Wars of the Roses, 340;
loses spirituality and sympathy with the people, 350
Cistercian order, Henry II. threatens to expel it for receiving
Becket, 99
Clare, Richard de, Earl of Gloucester, head of the Barons, 159;
quarrels with De Montfort, 161;
commands the baronial party, dies, 162
Clare, Gilbert de, Earl of Gloucester, joins De Montfort, 162;
on the committee, 164;
deserts De Montfort, 166;
rejoins the baronial party, 168;
governor in Edward I.’s absence, 172
Clarence. [See Lionel and Thomas.]
Clarence, George, son of Richard of York, marriage, 332;
supports Wells’ rebellion, 333;
accompanies Warwick, 334;
joins Edward, 335;
quarrels with Richard, 336;
his death, 337
Clifford, killed at St. Albans, 323;
northern lord, opponent of the Nevilles, 324
Clifford (his son), killed at Ferrybridge, 328
Clifford, executed by Richard III., 347
Cnut, son of Swegen, acknowledged King of England by the Danes,
compelled to retreat, 18;
Edmund cedes to him Northumbria and Mercia, acknowledged King of
England on Edmund’s death, banishes the royal family, 19;
desires to form a Scandinavian empire, his code of laws, goes to
Rome, 20
Cnut, King of Denmark, threatens to invade England, 54;
dies, 55
Cobham, Lord, joins York, 321
Coinage, false, forbidden, 64;
issued, 72;
severe punishment against, 74;
habit of breaking it, 74;
private coinage, 86;
renewed by Edward I., 175;
described in Edward III.’s time, 258, 259
Columba founds Iona, 4
Comitatus, body of warriors attending a chief, 30
Commendation, explained, 31;
reasons for, 33
Comyn, member of the regency, 181;
his claim to the throne, 182
Comyn, John, regent, 190;
makes a treaty with Edward I., 191;
murdered, 192
Conan, a citizen of Rouen, rebels against Robert, 57
Conan, Prince of Brittany, marries a daughter of Henry I., 67;
grants Brittany to Henry II., 99
Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem, 119, 120
Constance, daughter of William I., marries Alan Fergant of
Brittany, 53
Constance, marries Geoffrey, son of Henry II., 99;
upholds Arthur’s claims, 126
Constantine, King of Scotland, receives Guthrith, defeated by
Æthelstan, acknowledges his supremacy, 11
Constitutions of Clarendon, produced by Henry II., 95;
description of, 96;
Becket accepts and recants, 96;
Henry II. promises to abrogate, 103
Conversion of the English, 3
Convocation, origin of, 193
Copsige, Earl of Bernicia, killed in a revolt, 44
Cornwall, British possession, 3;
submits to Wessex, 5;
alliance with the Danes, 5
Cosne, siege of, 301
Cotentin given to Robert of Normandy, 65
Councils--
of Bari, 62;
of Rome, 62;
of Clarendon, 95;
of Northampton, 96;
of Lyons, 154
Courcy, fights in Ireland, 103;
suppressed by De Lacey, 132
Courtenay, Thomas, sixth Earl of Devonshire, with York, 320;
at war with Lord Bonville, 321;
joins Henry VI., 323;
beheaded, 329
Courtenay, John, eighth Earl (brother of Thomas), killed at
Tewkesbury, 335
Courts (of law and justice) before the Conquest, 32-34;
modified by William I., 37, 38;
by Henry I., 74-76;
dispute between secular and ecclesiastical, 94, 96;
reorganized by Henry II., 106, 107, 108;
superiority of central courts increased, 124, 125
Cressingham, Treasurer of Scotland, 186;
defeated by Wallace, 189
Cromwell, Ralph, treasurer, 313;
joins York, 321
Crusades, Robert pledges Normandy to be free to join in, 59;
his success at Dorylæum and Ascalon, 65;
Ivo of Grantmesnil at the siege of Antioch, 65;
preached by St. Bernard, 84;
Henry II. promises to go on one, 103;
causes for the third, 110;
urged by the Pope, 111;
preached by Heraclius, Bishop of Jerusalem, 111;
bad effect of, in England, 116;
of Richard I., 117-121;
perversions of, 153;
made excuse for taxes, 146, 155
Cumberland, overrun by Danes, 8;
refuses to pay the Danegelt, 16;
a Scotch district, 51;
William II. peoples it from the destroyed villages near
Winchester, 58;
David I. does homage for, 79
Curia Regis, established by William I., 38;
organized by Henry I., 75;
has no legislative authority, 76;
reconstituted by Henry II., 106;
restricted to five persons, 107
Customs, origin of, 174
Cymric, a Saxon leader, 2
Cytric of Northumbria does fealty to Æthelstan, 11
Danes, first appearance of, 5;
winter in Thanet, 6;
conquer Northumbria and East Anglia, 7;
further conquests, treaty of Wedmore, 8;
in Ireland, 11, 14;
in the Lothians, 14;
fresh invasions in Æthelred’s reign, 15;
massacred by Æthelred, 17;
fresh invasion under Thurkill, 17
Danegelt, begun by Æthelred at Sigeric’s advice, 16;
imposed by William I. on Cnut’s threatened invasion, 54;
Henry II. makes scutage take its place, 93;
farmed, 113;
renewed by Richard I., 125
Danelagu, country granted to the Danes, 10;
joins Swegen, 18
Danish burghs, names of, 8;
Edmund Ironside gets possession of them, 18
David of Wales, his rebellion and death, 176
David I., King of Scotland, supports Matilda’s claims, conspiracy to
make him King of England, invades England, 79
David II. of Scotland, marries Jane, sister of Edward III., 214;
deposed by Balliol, takes refuge in France, 217;
invades England, taken prisoner, 228;
his conduct as prisoner, 231;
released, 232
Decretals, False, note, 94, 96
Deira, southern division of Northumbria, 2
De Lacey. [See Lacey.]
Derby, son of Henry of Lancaster, sent to Gascony, 224
Dermot, King of Leinster, carries off O’Ruark’s wife, 102;
does homage to Henry II, Strongbow marries his daughter, 102
Despenser, Thomas, made Earl of Gloucester, 252;
deprived, 276;
executed, 277
Despensers, favourites of Edward II., 204;
power increases, 205;
quarrel with the Welsh marchers, banished, 206;
recalled, 207;
triumphant, 208;
prevent Edward II. from going to France, 209;
executed, 210
Devonshire. [See Courtenay.]
Domain, royal, origin of, 31, 33;
increased by William I., 43;
granted by Stephen to his new earls, 80;
source of royal revenue, 113
Domesday-Book, a register of land, 38;
entries of “waste” in it, 47;
Hereward’s property mentioned in, 51;
made by William I., 55;
Ralph Flambard proposes to complete it, 57;
surveyors for it examined on oath, 108;
a similar survey ordered by Richard I., 125
Dominicans, in England, 153
Dress, in Edward III.’s time, 263
Dublin, a Danish town, conquered by Strongbow, surrendered to
Henry II., 102;
colonized by English, 103
Dunois, French general, 310
Dunstan, legends concerning him, 12;
his life, 13;
his imperial rule, 14;
his reform of the Church, 15;
his enemies force him to retire, 15
Dyfed, a province in Wales, granted to Arnulf of Montgomery, 59
Dymock, joins Wells’ rebellion, 333
Eadgar the Peaceful, Dunstan raises him to an imperial
position, 14, 15
Eadgar, grandson of Edmund Ironside, Harold elected king instead
of, 24;
elected king by the Southern Witan, 41;
offers the crown to William, 41;
attempts a rebellion, flies to Scotland, 45;
returns, 46;
received by Malcolm Canmore, 51;
serves with Robert of Normandy, taken prisoner at Tenchebray, but
set free, 66;
dies, 67
Eadred, conquers Northumbria, 11;
his reign, 13
Eadric Streona, his bad influence, marries Æthelred’s daughter
Edith, 17;
his treachery, 18;
Cnut employs him to kill Edwy, 19;
made Earl of Mercia, 20;
put to death, 20
Eadric the Forester, or the Wild, ravages Hereford, 44;
supports Eadgar against William I., 45;
besieges Shrewsbury, and is defeated, 46, 47;
goes with William to Scotland, 52
Eadward the Elder, his reign, 10, 11
Eadward the Martyr, 15
Eadwine, King of Northumbria, 3
Ealdred, Archbishop of York, offers William I. the crown, 41;
death of, 49
Ealdorman, origin of, 29;
rise of, 31;
duties of, 32
Earl, origin of, 29, 35
Earldoms, Dunstan divides Northumbria into three, 14;
Cnut divides England into four, 20;
Godwine’s family obtain large, 22;
William I. limits their size to one county each, 37, 43;
only three in 1131, 80;
Stephen creates many, 80
East Anglia, foundation of, 2;
subject to Kent, conversion of, conquered by Eadwine, 3;
conquered by Danes, 7;
helps Hasting against Alfred, 9;
acknowledges the supremacy of Wessex, 10;
supports Dunstan’s party, 13;
repels the Danish invasion in Æthelred’s reign, 16;
resists the Danes under Ulfcytel, 17;
Cnut makes it an earldom, 20;
helps Harold against William I., 26;
Ralph of Gwader, Earl of, 52;
Bigod becomes Earl of, 79
Ecgberht, King of Wessex, secures its supremacy, 5
Edith, daughter of Godwine, marries Edward the Confessor, 21;
dies, 53
Edmund, King of East Anglia, 7
Edmund, King, 11;
makes Osulf Earl of Northumbria, 12;
grants part of Strathclyde to Scotland, 12
Edmund Ironside marries the wife of Sigeferth, 18;
chosen king by London, 19;
fights five battles against the Danes, 19;
gives up Northumbria and Mercia to Cnut, 19
Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury, 147;
causes Des Roches’ fall, 150;
his death, 151;
his reforms, 153
Edmund, son of Henry III., accepts the kingdom of Sicily, 157;
governor in Henry III.’s absence, 172;
negotiates with Philip IV., 184
Edmund, fifth son of Edward III., Duke of Cambridge and York,
fighting in France, 235;
his marriage, 236;
friendly to Richard II., 249, 251;
assists Lancaster, 253
Edmund, Earl of March, ignored by Henry IV., 276;
attempted escape, 280;
reinstated by Henry V., 288;
conspiracy to crown him, 292
Edmund, Duke of Rutland, son of Richard of York, escapes to
Ireland, 325;
beheaded, 327
Edward I., governor of Gascony, 156;
engaged to Eleanor, 157;
a reformer, 160;
joins his father against the Barons, 162;
prisoner after Lewes, 163;
desire for his release, 164;
escapes, 166;
wins battle of Evesham, receives De Montfort’s property, 167;
goes on a crusade, 168;
his coronation, 172;
his character, 173;
conquers Wales, 175, 176;
mediator between France and Aragon, 178;
checks disturbances, banishes the Jews, 179;
proposes a marriage treaty with Scotland, 181;
death of his wife, 182;
awards the crown of Scotland, 183;
war with France, 184;
with Scotland, 185, 186;
outlaws the clergy, 187;
arbitrary taxation, 187, 188;
goes to Flanders, 188;
makes treaty of Chartres, 189;
marries Margaret, 190;
defeats Wallace, 190;
second conquest of Scotland, 191;
death, 192
Edward II., betrothed to Maid of Norway, 181;
governor in Edward I.’s absence, 187, 188;
betrothed to Isabella, 190;
his character 197;
favours to Gaveston, first expedition to Scotland, 198;
imprisons the Templars; 199;
second invasion of Scotland, 200;
restores Gaveston, flies from Lancaster, 202;
third invasion of Scotland, Bannockburn, 203;
accepts Lancaster as Minister, 205;
favours the Despensers, 206;
fourth invasion of Scotland, 208;
quarrels with the Church, with France, 209;
taken prisoner, 210;
murdered, 211
Edward III., engaged to Philippa, 210;
made king, 211;
overthrows Mortimer, 215;
receives Balliol’s fealty, his claim to the French throne, 217;
prepares for war, 219;
assumes the title of King of France, wins the battle of Sluys, 220;
displaces his ministry, quarrels with Stratford, 221;
supports John of Montfort, 222;
lands at La Hogue, 225;
battle of Cressy, 227
Edward IV., takes refuge in Calais, lands with Warwick, 325;
collects troops, 326;
enters London, 327;
wins the battle of Towton, 328;
his first Parliament, 329;
his marriage, 300;
his Burgundian policy, 331;
imprisoned by Warwick, 333;
escapes to Flanders, 334;
wins the battle of Barnet, 335;
quarrels with Clarence, 336;
expedition to France, 337;
projects of marriage, 338;
death and character, 339
Edward V., brought to London, 342;
deposed, 343;
murdered, 345
Edward, son of Henry VI., born, 322;
marries Anne of Warwick, 334;
killed, 335
Edward, son of Edward IV., captured, 343;
murdered, 345
Edward, son of Richard III., dies, 347
Edward, son of Æthelred, kept in Normandy, 19
Edward, son of Edmund Ironside, sent abroad, 19;
dies, 23
Edward the Confessor, elected king, 21;
his love of Frenchmen, 22;
his character and death, 24;
names Harold his successor, 25
Edwin, son of Ælfgar, succeeds to his earldom of Mercia, 24;
defeated by Tostig, 26;
deserts Harold, 26;
hopes to be elected king, 40;
refuses to assist Eadgar, 41;
reinstated in his earldom, 44;
joins a rebellion, but submits to William I., 45;
joins Hereward’s rebellion, 50;
is killed, 50
Edwy, King, legends concerning him, 12;
banishes Dunstan, 13;
divides the kingdom with Eadgar, 13
Eleanor, divorced wife of Louis VII., marries Henry of Anjou, 85;
her claim to Toulouse causes war between England and France, 92;
she urges her sons to rebellion, 103;
is disliked by Henry, 109;
restrains John in Richard’s absence, 122;
boldly opposes him, 123;
assists John against Arthur, 126;
besieged in Mirabeau, 128
Eleanor, daughter of Henry II., marries Alphonso of Castile, 109;
connects England with Spain, 114
Eleanor of Provence, marries Henry III., 151;
assaulted by the Londoners, 162;
assembles an army, 164
Eleanor of Castile, marries Edward I., 157;
her death, 182
Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., proposed marriages for,
338, 345, 347
Ella, leader of the Saxons, called Bretwalda, 2
Ella, King of Northumbria, 7
Emma, daughter of Richard the Fearless, marries Æthelred, 17;
followed by many Normans, 17;
retires to Normandy, 19;
marries Cnut, 20
Emma, sister of Fitz-Osbern, marries Ralph, 52;
defends Norwich, 53
English language, Provisions of Oxford published in, 160, 170;
becomes the language of the people, 271;
statute of Parliament in, 272;
made national by Chaucer, 273
Englishry, law of, explained, 48
Equitable power, meaning of, 76
Esplechin, treaty of, 220
Essex, Earl of, judicial duel between him and De Montfort, 91
Ethel, land held by hereditary succession, 31
Ethelbald, King of Mercia, 4
Ethelric, Bishop of Selsey, 49
Eustace of Boulogne, husband of Edward the Confessor’s sister, 22;
attacks William’s town of Dover, 44
Eustace, son of Stephen, Henry of Winchester demands from Matilda
his foreign possessions for him, 84;
Stephen brings him forward in opposition to Prince Henry, 85;
dies, 86;
Papal bull obtained to prevent his coronation, 92
Exchequer Court organized by Roger of Salisbury, 75;
origin of the name, 106
Exeter, conquered by the Danes, 8, 17;
faithful to Harold, 44;
desires independence, 45;
captured by William, 45
Exeter, Earl of. [See Holland.]
Eye, castle of, given to Becket, 92;
he borrows money on, 97
Falconbridge. [See Neville.]
Fastolf, Sir John, at battle of the Herrings, 308;
at Pataye, 310
Faukes de Breauté, destruction of, 145
Ferrand of Flanders, 133;
attacks Philip II., 134
Ferrars of Derby joins the Great Rebellion against Henry II., 104
Feudal system existed in England before the Conquest, 28;
its institutions in Germany before the Saxon invasion, 29;
origin of the connection between vassal and lord, 30;
German institutions introduced into England, 31;
connection between land and judicial power, 33;
every man made the man of the King, 35;
its natural growth checked by William I., 37;
fresh institutions introduced, 37;
unbridled in Stephen’s reign, 78;
introduction of new nobles, 137;
chivalry takes its place, 270
Finance. [See Taxes.]
Fitz-Gerald, son of Nesta invades Ireland with Strongbow, 102
Fitz-Gilbert, fights against Wales, 78;
dies, 79
Fitz-Gilbert at Marlborough, 82
Fitz-Osbern, made Earl of Hereford, 43;
the North left in his charge, 44;
given the castle of York, 46;
subdues the Rebellion in the West, 47
Fitz-Osbern, Roger, his conspiracy, 52, 53
Fitz-Peter, Geoffrey, Justiciary, 125;
Earl of Essex, 126;
character and death, 135
Flanders, Philip, Count of, threatens to invade England, 100;
joins the Rebellion against Henry II., 104
Fleet, improved by Alfred, 9;
made powerful by Eadgar, 14;
collected by Æthelred against the Danes, 17;
condition of, in Edward III.’s reign, 261, 262
Flemings, Henry I., colonizes Wales with, 70
Folcland, public land, 31;
becomes royal domain, 33;
made crown property by William I., 43
Food, profusion of, 264
Franchise explained, 76
Franciscans, their success in England, 153
Frankpledge, described, 35;
cannot be proved before the Conquest, 37;
used by Henry I. as the basis of his police system, 74;
the Hundred Court saw to its being carried out, 76
Frederick Barbarossa, asserts the supremacy of the secular power;
sets up a rival Pope Victor IV., 94;
on Victor’s death sets up Pascal III., 98;
asks for two daughters of Henry II. for his son, and for Henry
of Saxony, 99;
punishes Henry for deserting him, 109;
dies on his way to the third crusade, 119
Free Companies of France, 232-234
Free-holders degenerate into villeins, 35
Froissart, his account of Gloucester, 251;
describes Richard II.’s rule, 253
Fulk IV. of Anjou, assists Maine against William I., 52;
against William II., 59;
assists Henry I. against Robert, 66;
supports William Clito against Henry I., 68;
is won back by Henry, 68;
turns against him on Robert’s death, 69
Fulthorpe, betrays Richard II.’s plans to Gloucester, 248;
convicts Scrope and Mowbray, 281
Gascoigne, Judge, refuses to convict Scrope and Mowbray, 281;
removed, 288
Gascony, De Montfort’s government of, 156
Gaston de Bearn, his rebellion, 156;
treaty with Edward I., 172
Gaveston, Piers, favourite of Edward II., banished, 198;
returns, 199;
anger of the Barons against, banished, 200;
returns, beheaded, 202
Geoffrey, Bishop of Coutances, relieves Montacute, 47;
opposes William II., 57
Geoffrey, son of Fulk of Anjou, marries Matilda, 70;
invades Normandy, 79;
Stephen purchases a truce from, 79;
Theobald proposes that the crown of England should be offered
him, 84;
dies, 85
Geoffrey of Lusignan, quarrels with Richard, 112
Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Chronicle, 271
Geoffrey, son of Henry II., marries Constance of Brittany, 99;
joins the Great Rebellion against his father, 104;
is pardoned, 105;
joins Henry against Richard and his father, 110;
joins John against Richard, 111;
hurt by his father’s partiality to John, claims Anjou, his father
refuses, he flies to France, and dies, 111
Geoffrey, natural son of Henry II., repels a Scotch invasion, 104;
made Bishop of Lincoln, 105;
made chancellor, attends Henry at his death, 112, 113;
made Archbishop of York in exchange for the chancellorship, 117;
promises not to enter England in Richard’s absence, 117;
comes, and is arrested by Longchamp, 121;
John takes his part, 121
Geraldus Cambrensis, the historian, his parentage, 70
Gerberoi, reconciliation at, 54
Gerbod, the Fleming, stepson of William I., made Earl of Chester, 51
Gesith, comrade of the king, 30
Gisors, treaty of, 67;
dispute concerning, 110;
meeting at, 111
Godwine, made Earl of Essex, 20;
gets the South of England for Harthacnut, practically rules himself,
accused of murdering Alfred, his eloquence secures the throne
for Edward, his daughter Edith marries the king, 21;
his national policy opposed to Edward’s French policy, obtains more
earldoms for his family, 22;
his rivalry with Leofric, banished, 22;
returns in triumph, his death, 23;
his support of the secular clergy, 25;
his domains confiscated to William I., 43
Gospatric, Earl of Northumberland, invades Cumberland, 51
Gregory the Great sends missionaries to England, 3
Grey of Ruthyn, taken prisoner, 278;
ransomed, 279
Grey, Thomas, engaged to the heiress of the Duke of Exeter, 331;
Earl of Dorset, 341;
has charge of Edward V., apprehended, 342;
beheaded, 343
Grey, Richard, 341;
takes sanctuary at Westminster, 342
Grostête, Bishop of Lincoln, his reforms, 153
Gryffith, his insurrection, 70
Gualo, Papal Legate, 141;
recalled, 143
Guilds, described, 259-261, 352, 353
Guingamp, not granted to Henry II. with Brittany, 99
Gurth, fourth son of Godwine, made Earl of East Anglia, 23;
killed at battle of Hastings, 27
Guthrum, Danish invader, King of East Anglia, 7;
conquers Wareham and Exeter, baptized under the name of Æthelstan, 8
Gutred, King of Northumbria, 9
Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, meets Richard I. at Cyprus, 118;
besieges Acre, allies himself to Richard, 119;
Richard, knowing his incompetence, makes Henry of Champagne king
instead of him, 120
Gwynneth, his insurrection, 91
Gytha, mother of Harold, flies to the Channel Isles, 45
Halfdene, Danish leader, 7;
overruns Strathclyde, 8
Harfleur, capture of, 292
Harklay, defeats Lancaster at Boroughbridge, 207;
executed, 208
Harold, son of Cnut, a barbarian, made King by Godwine, 21
Harold, son of Godwine, outlawed and goes to Ireland; his Earldom
given to Ælfgar, 22;
returns in triumph, succeeds to his father’s earldom, fights
successfully against Ælfgar and the Welsh, 23;
elected King, 24;
story of his oath to William, prepares to resist William’s
invasion, 25;
conquers Tostig, forms his camp at Senlac, 26;
killed in the battle, 27;
strong party for his family in the West, 44;
his sons dispersed, 45;
land in Devonshire, 46;
defeated and escape to Ireland, 47
Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, his exploits, joins Tostig,
slain, 26
Harthacnut, King of South of England, 21
Hasting, a Danish pirate, 9
Hastings, his claim to the Scotch throne, 181
Hastings, of the new nobility, 341;
joins Richard, 342;
beheaded, 343
Haverfordwest, colonized by Flemings, 70
Heathenism, sustained by Penda, 3;
succumbs to Oswi, 4
Hélie de la Fléche, resists William II. in Maine, 59;
assists Henry I. against Robert, 66;
William Clito intrusted to him, 67;
flies with him, tries in vain to rouse the nobles in his favour, 67
Henry I., quarrels with Robert, 53;
heir-apparent, 56;
joins Robert against Conan of Rouen, 57;
besieged in Mont St. Michel, 58;
hunting in the New Forest, crowned, 63;
conciliates England, his marriage, character of his policy, 64;
overcomes Robert and his partisans, 65, 66;
unites England and Normandy, 67;
his son’s death, 68;
war against William Clito, 69;
his death, 70;
his dispute with Anselm, 71;
his administration, 74-76