=====+=======+==========================_James's Account of S. H. Long's Expedition, 1819-1820, part 4

| Mean | | BAROMETER |

| Temp. | +-----------------------+

Day | at | | |

of |German-| +-------+-------+-------+

-----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

1 | 8 |A little snow, A.M. and windy | 29.06 | 28.87 | 28.81 |

2 | 21 |Fresh winds | 28.80 | 28.77 | 28.88 |

3 | 33 |Windy | 28.85 | 28.69 | 28.67 |

4 | 28 |Windy. Thermom. 34°, P.M. Snow | 28.84 | 28.65 | 28.60 |

5 | 24 |Thawing at noon | 28.32 | 28.22 | 28.72 |

6 | 40 |Fresh wind. Thawing | 29.00 | 28.87 | 28.72 |

7 | 32 |Damp & foggy. Light winds. | 28.95 | 28.76 | 28.83 |

8 | 35 |Damp and foggy. Icy particles | 28.75 | 28.60 | 28.69 |

9 | 31 |Snow and ice melting | 28.86 | 28.83 | 28.79 |

10 | 22 |Snow and ice melting | 28.84 | 28.58 | 28.66 |

11 | 31 |Snow and ice melting | 28.60 | 28.33 | 28.50 |

12 | 33 |Little rain and snow | 28.80 | 28.50 | 28.60 |

13 | 49 |Rain & hail last night. Windy and | 28.33 | 28.16 | |

14 | 42 |Violent wind all day with a little | 28.24 | 28.26 | 28.33 |

15 | 51 |Snow chiefly melted A little snow | 28.24 | 28.00 | 27.80 |

16 | 41 |Violent wind last night & to-day, | 27.96 | 28.21 | 28.43 |

17 | 49 |Moderate winds | 28.76 | 28.55 | 28.66 |

18 | 38 |Windy | 28.86 | 28.73 | 28.55 |

19 | 29 |Violent wind last nt. | 28.44 | 28.69 | 28.89 |

20 | 37 |Moderate wind | 28.96 | 28.86 | 28.87 |

21 | 32 |Thermometer at 55° Ice rapidly | 28.74 | 28.50 | 28.42 |

22 | 39 |Fresh brs. Ice melting | 28.53 | 28.47 | 28.49 |

23 | 44 |Windy and squally Geese flying north| 28.16 | 28.19 | 28.40 |

24 | 53 |Light breezes. Geese passing | 28.30 | 28.07 | 28.08 |

25 | 45 |Light breezes. Ducks passing down | 28.11 | 27.96 | 28.05 |

26 | 48 |Snow last night ⅛th inch | 28.21 | 28.25 | 28.38 |

27 | 51 |Frost last night | 28.67 | 28.58 | 28.63 |

28 | 41 |Frost last night | 28.87 | 28.73 | 28.73 |

29 | 32 |Frost abundant. River begins to open| 28.90 | 28.65 | 28.57 |

-----+-------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+======================================================================

| MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS

+-----------------------+-----------------------+----------------------

Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening

of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------

-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------

1 | Ns. | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs. | --

2 | Cs. | -- | Cml, | -- | Fair | --

3 | C, | N.W. | Cs, | -- | Cs, | --

4 | C, | N.W. | C, | W.N.W. | C, | W.N.W.

| | | | | |

5 | Cs, | W. | Cs, | -- | Cml, | --

6 | Cs, | -- | Cs. | -- | Cml, | W.S.W.

7 | C, | -- | Fair | -- | C, | --

8 | Ns. S. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | --

| | | | | |

9 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | --

10 | C, | -- | C, | N.W. | Fair | --

11 | C, | -- | C, | -- | C, | --

12 | Cs. | -- | Fair | -- | C, | --

13 | Cs, | -- | C, | -- | C, | --

| | | | | |

14 | Cs, | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | --

| | | | | |

15 | Cs, Cml, | SSW, SSE | Ns. | S.S.E. | Cm, | --

| | | | | |

16 | Ns. | N.N.W. | Ns. | -- | Cs, | --

| | | | | |

17 | Fair | -- | C, | -- | C, | --

18 | Cs. | N.N.W. | Cs, | -- | Cs. | --

19 | Ns. | -- | Cml, | N.N.W. | C, | --

20 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | --

21 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | --

| | | | | |

22 | C, | -- | C, | N.W. | C, | N.W.

23 | Cs, | -- | Cms, | -- | Fair | --

24 | Cs. | W.N.W. | Cs. | W.N.W. | C, Cs, | --

| | | | | |

25 | Cs, | -- | Cs, Cml, | S.W., N.W.| Ns, | --

| | | | | |

26 | Ns, | N.W. | Cs, Cml, | W., NNW. | Cs, | --

27 | C, | -- | Cs, | -- | C, | --

28 | Fair | -- | C, | -- | Fair | --

29 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | --

-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--15th, Lightning in N.E. this evening between

7 and 8 o'clock--clear sky--fresh S.E. wind. During the violent wind

to-day the rain gauge was blown from its station and broken.

22d.--Halo around the moon this evening at 40´ past 6--ascertained its

diameter to be 45° 8´. Cirrus cloud all over the sky.

23d.--Halo around the moon this evening also.

{lxii} _Meteorological Register_ {lxiii} _for the Month of_ MARCH, 1820

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+=======+

| | | | | |

of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean |German-+

-----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-------+

1 | 20 | N.W. | 32 | N.W. | 21 | N.W. | 24 | 40 |

2 | 16 | N.W. | 26 | S.E. | 26 | Calm | 22 | 24 |

| | | | | | | | |

3 | 21 | N.W. | 28 | N.W. | 24 | N.W. | 24 | 24 |

4 | 32 | S.W. | 50 | S.E. | 48 | N.W. | 43 | 31 |

5 | 30 | N.W. | 28 | N.W. | 25 | N.W. | 27 | 41 |

6 | 5 | N.W. | 13 | N.W. | 9 | N.W. | 9 | 44 |

7 | 6 | N.W. | 15 | N.W. | 14 | N.W. | 11 | 26 |

8 | 15 | N.W. | 16 | N.N.E. | 12 | N.W. | 14 | 28 |

9 | 24 | N.W. | 23 | E.S.E. | 24 | S.E. | 23 | 31 |

10 | 20 | Calm | 35 | S.E. | 34 | S.E. | 29 | 33 |

| | | | | | | | |

11 | 28 | S.E. | 23 | S.E. | 25 | S.E. | 25 | 27 |

12 | 31 | S.E. | 42 | S.E. | 37 | S.E. | 36 | 27 |

13 | 32 | N.W. | 46 | N.W. | 40 | N.W. | 39 | 34 |

14 | 19 | N.W. | 33 | N.W. | 32 | Calm | 28 | 46 |

15 | 22 | N.W. | 39 | N.W. | 34 | N.W. | 31 | 36 |

16 | 21 | S.E. | 51 | N.W. | 43 | N.W. | 38 | 40 |

17 | 24 | N.W. | 45 | N.W. | 36 | Calm | 35 | 43 |

18 | 34 | S.E. | 61 | S.E. | 58 | S.E. | 51 | 40 |

| | | | | | | | |

19 | 39 | N.W. | 48 | N.W. | 41 | N.W. | 42 | 39 |

20 | 25 | Calm | 48 | N.W. | 41 | Calm | 38 | 44 |

21 | 25 | Calm | 58 | N.W. | 49 | N.W. | 44 | 42 |

22 | 34 | Calm | 67 | N.W. | 58 | N.W. | 53 | 43 |

23 | 38 | S.E. | 65 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 57 | 48 |

24 | 55 | S.E. | 65 | S. | 53 | S. | 57 | 54 |

| | | | | | | | |

25 | 38 | N.W. | 51 | N.W. | 46 | N.W. | 45 | 56 |

26 | 38 | N.W. | 40 | N.W. | 42 | N.W. | 40 | 57 |

| | | | | | | | |

27 | 29 | Calm | 56 | S.E. | 45 | S.E. | 43 | 57 |

28 | 39 | S.E. | 45 | E. | 38 | N.E. | 40 | 50 |

29 | 28 | N.W. | 34 | N. | 32 | N.E. | 31 | 51 |

30 | 28 | S.E. | 56 | S.E. | 52 | S. | 45 | 34 |

31 | 35 | Calm | 57 | N.E. | 40 | N.E. | 44 | 34 |

-----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-------+

=====+========+====================================+=======================+

|Rise or | | |

|fall of | | |

|Missouri| | BAROMETER |

|in last | +-----------------------+

Day |24 hours| | |

of +--------+ +-------+-------+-------+

-----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

1 | -12 |Violent winds | 29.27 | 29.27 | 29.50 |

2 | + 1 |Frost last night. Icy particles | 29.42 | 29.10 | 29.00 |

3 | + 5½ |Strong wind. A little snow | 28.90 | 28.90 | 28.94 |

4 | + 5 |Frost last night. Fresh wind | 28.67 | 28.84 | 28.84 |

5 | - 2 |Very clear sky all day | 28.88 | 28.75 | 28.86 |

6 | + 2½ |Snow ¾ inch last night | 29.14 | 29.04 | 29.12 |

7 | +27½ |Frost last night | 29.16 | 29.10 | 29.16 |

8 | +20 |Frost last night | 29.32 | 29.18 | 29.20 |

9 | + 4 |Frost last night | 29.14 | 28.96 | 28.98 |

10 | - 5 |Fresh wind. No geese, few ducks | 29.20 | 29.18 | 29.18 |

11 | - 1½ |Violent winds. Snow ¾ inch | 29.20 | 29.14 | 29.00 |

12 | + 7 |Moderate winds | 28.95 | 28.80 | 28.74 |

13 | + ½ |Rain last night | 28.74 | 28.62 | 28.55 |

14 | - 6 |Frost last nt. Riv. break. up | 28.76 | 28.67 | 28.67 |

15 | - 5 |Frost last night | 28.89 | 28.81 | 28.84 |

16 | - 3 |Do. Moderate winds | 28.94 | 28.72 | 28.77 |

17 | - 3¼ |Do. Light and var. winds | 29.05 | 28.90 | 28.90 |

18 | -14¼ |River open. Geese, swans, ducks, | 28.82 | 28.60 | 28.50 |

19 | - 1½ |A little rain, A.M. | 28.75 | 28.75 | 28.88 |

20 | - 1½ |A little rain, P.M. | 29.10 | 28.90 | 28.83 |

21 | + 5 |Frost. Geese, &c. flying Nly. | 28.88 | 28.74 | 28.48 |

22 | +10 |Moderate wind | 28.38 | 28.25 | 28.49 |

23 | +42 |Violent wind all day | 28.58 | 28.26 | 28.20 |

24 | +40 |High wind, A.M. Showers P.M. Light | 28.30 | 28.30 | 28.40 |

25 | +10 |Drizzly, A.M. | 28.62 | 28.52 | 28.50 |

26 | -12 |Heavy rain till 7 A.M. Some rain | 28.31 | 28.37 | 28.60 |

27 | +10 |Frost last nt. A lit. rain P.M. | 28.90 | 28.90 | 28.90 |

28 | - 4½ |Rain occas. through the day | 28.87 | 28.91 | 29.02 |

29 | - 6 |Fresh winds | 29.27 | 29.30 | 29.28 |

30 | - 2 |Heavy frost last night | 29.03 | 28.89 | 28.72 |

31 | + 6 |Windy P.M. and all night | 28.53 | 28.60 | 28.34 |

-----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+=====================================================================

| MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS

+-----------------------+-----------------------+---------------------

Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening

of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

1 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | --

2 | C, | N.W. | Cs, | -- | C, | --

| | | | | |

3 | Ns, | N.N.E. | Cml, | N.N.E. | Cml, | --

4 | C, | -- | C, | -- | Cs, | --

5 | Fair | -- | C, | N.W. | Cs, | N.

6 | Cs. | -- | Cml, | N.E. | C, | --

7 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | --

8 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | --

9 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Cs, | --

10 | Cs, | S.E. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | --

| | | | | |

11 | Ns | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | --

12 | Ns. S | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | --

13 | Ns. S | -- | Cs, | -- | Ns, | --

14 | Cml, | N.N.W. | Cml, | N.N.W. | Cml, |N.N.W.

15 | Cs. | W.N.W. | Cs. | W.N.W. | Cs, |W.N.W.

16 | Fair | -- | Cml, | -- | Cml, | --

17 | Cs | N.N.W. | Cs, | N.N.W. | Cs, | --

18 | Fair | -- | C, | -- | Cs, | --

| | | | | |

19 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cml, | W.

20 | Fair | -- | Cml. | N. | Cml, | N.

21 | Fair | -- | C, | -- | C, | --

22 | C, | N.W. | C, | W. | Cml, | --

23 | Cs. | -- | Cs. | S.E. | Cs, | W.

24 | Cs, | S.W. | Ns. | -- | Cml, | --

| | | | | |

25 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cs, | S.

26 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cml, | --

| | | | | |

27 | Cs, | -- | Cs. | -- | Cs. | --

28 | Cml, | -- | Ns, | E. | Cs. | --

29 | Cml, | N.W. | Cml, | -- | Cml, | --

30 | C, | N.W. | Fair | -- | Cml, | W.

31 | Fair | -- | C, Cs, | -- | Cs. | --

-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--Halo around the moon on the evening of the

21st.--Continued several hours. Same on the evening of the 23d, from 7

till 11 o'clock.

The ice on the Missouri broke and commenced moving on the 29th

February; but a few days after it blocked up and continued stationary

until the 14th of the present month, when it began to move again; and

on the 18th it was entirely open and clear of ice. In this register an

extra column is added, containing the daily rise or fall of the river.

The sign--denotes the fall of the water during the last twenty-four

hours, and the sign + denotes its rise during the same length of time.

When the register was commenced the river was three feet above the

low-water mark, or its lowest stage in the winter. Therefore on the

25th, when it was highest this month, it was thirteen feet five inches

above its lowest stage in the winter.

{lxiv} _Meteorological Register_ {lxv} _for the Month of_ APRIL, 1820

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+=======+

| | | | | |

of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean |German-+

-----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-------+

1 | 29 | N.N.E. | 28 | N.W. | 20 | N.W. | 25 | 52 |

2 | 15 | N.N.E. | 38 | N.W. | 27 | N.W. | 24 | 32 |

3 | 14 | Calm | 41 | S.E. | 46 | E. | 33 | -- |

4 | 40 | W.N.W. | 64 | N.W. | 51 | N.W. | 51 | -- |

5 | 29 | N.W. | 59 | N.W. | 49 | Calm | 45 | -- |

6 | 41 | S.E. | 65 | N.W. | 55 | N.W. | 53 | -- |

| | | | | | | | |

7 | 41 | N.W. | 65 | N.W. | 52 | N.W. | 52 | 44 |

| | | | | | | | |

8 | 32 | Calm | 57 | N.W. | 47 | N.W. | 45 | 46 |

9 | 40 | S.E. | 76 | S.E. | 70 | S.E. | 62 | 47 |

10 | 50 | S. | 79 | S. | 69 | N.W. | 66 | 57 |

11 | 49 | N.W. | 69 | N.W. | 59 | N.W. | 59 | -- |

12 | 35 | S.E. | 65 | S.E. | 64 | Calm | 54 | 56 |

13 | 48 | S.E. | 80 | S.E. | 72 | S.E. | 66 | 52 |

14 | 50 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 70 | Calm | 62 | 54 |

15 | 51 | S.E. | 71 | S.E. | 72 | S.E. | 64 | 55 |

16 | 49 | S.E. | 62 | S.E. | 64 | S.E. | 58 | 49 |

17 | 50 | S.E. | 66 | S.E. | 79 | S.E. | 65 | |

18 | 53 | S.E. | 82 | S.E. | 82 | S. | 72 | |

19 | 63 | S. | 79 | S.E. | | | | |

20 | 59 | S. | 65 | S.E. | 62 | Calm | 62 | |

21 | 54 | S.E. | 71 | N.W. | 74 | N.W. | 66 | |

22 | 55 | N.W. | 76 | S.E. | 70 | N.W. | 67 | |

23 | 58 | S.E. | 84 | S.E. | 83 | S.E. | 75 | |

24 | 65 | S.E. | 79 | S.E. | 80 | E.S.E. | 74 | |

| | | | | | | | |

25 | 50 | N.W. | 52 | N.W. | 57 | N.W. | 53 | |

26 | 42 | N.W. | 63 | N.W. | 67 | N.W. | 57 | |

27 | 49 | N.W. | 67 | E.N.E. | 69 | E. | 61 | |

28 | 53 | S.E. | 59 | S.E. | 64 | S.E. | 58 | |

29 | 53 | S.E. | 65 | E.S.E. | 67 | E.S.E. | 61 | |

30 | 56 | S.E. | 68 | E. | 70 | E.S.E. | 64 | |

-----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-------+

=====+========+====================================+=======================+

|Rise or | | |

|fall of | | |

|Missouri| | BAROMETER |

|in last | +-----------------------+

Day |24 hours| | |

of +--------+ +-------+-------+-------+

-----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

1 | + 5 |A light snow fell to-day | 29.00 | 29.03 | 29.10 |

2 | - 7 |Geese, &c. flying S. to-day | 29.16 | 29.08 | 29.10 |

3 | - 3 |Large frost last night | 29.08 | 28.90 | 28.70 |

4 | + 12 |Strong wind | 28.30 | 28.38 | 28.56 |

5 | + 22 |Strong wind | 28.56 | 28.70 | 28.80 |

6 | + 5 |Very windy. Large hail fell before | 28.60 | 28.30 | 28.40 |

7 | - 9 |Windy. Light sprinkle of rain this | 28.45 | 28.56 | 28.73 |

8 | 0 |Strong wind | 28.94 | 28.75 | 28.84 |

9 | 0 |Windy | 28.66 | 28.36 | 28.10 |

10 | + 28 |Geese flying N. Strong wind | 28.00 | 27.44 | 27.50 |

11 | + 12 |Strong wind | 28.32 | 28.32 | 28.39 |

12 | + 14 |Very strong wind | 28.48 | 27.94 | 28.35 |

13 | - 12 |Lt. in N. and N.W. Windy | 28.30 | 28.00 | 28.00 |

14 | - 16 |Rain and thunder in aftern. | 28.25 | 28.05 | 27.90 |

15 | - 7½ |Fresh wind. Lightn. in N. W | 28.20 | 28.10 | 28.10 |

16 | - 4 |Rainy | 28.40 | 28.25 | 28.20 |

17 | - 4½ |Lightning last night | 28.23 | 28.05 | 27.96 |

18 | - 5½ |Fresh wind | 28.03 | 27.60 | 27.72 |

19 | - 3 |Strong wind | 27.40 | 27.40 | |

20 | - 2½ |Strong wind | 28.30 | 28.30 | 28.33 |

21 | - 3 |Fresh breeze | 28.40 | 28.20 | 28.10 |

22 | - 3 |Wind very strong at mid-day | 28.40 | 27.94 | 28.08 |

23 | 0 |Strong wind | 28.25 | 27.60 | 27.15 |

24 | - 2 |Fresh wind. Violent rain and hail | 27.97 | 27.76 | 27.77 |

25 | - ½ |Rain to-day | 28.54 | 28.60 | 28.50 |

26 | - 3 |Fresh breeze | 28.62 | 28.41 | 28.26 |

27 | - 2½ | | 28.59 | 28.31 | 28.24 |

28 | - 1½ |Fresh wind in morning | 28.68 | 28.50 | 28.52 |

29 | - ½ | | 28.76 | 28.54 | 28.50 |

30 | - 8½ | | 28.89 | 28.65 | 28.53 |

-----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+=====================================================================

| MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS

+-----------------------+-----------------------+---------------------

Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening

of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

1 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cs. | --

2 | Fair | -- | Cs. | -- | Fair | --

3 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Cs, | --

4 | Cs, | -- | Cml, | N.W. | Fair | --

5 | Fair | -- | Cml, | -- | C, | N.W.

6 | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- | Cs. | --

| | | | | |

7 | Fair | -- | Cm, | N.W. | Ns. | --

| | | | | |

8 | Fair | -- | C, | -- | Cs, | --

9 | C, | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | --

10 | C, Cm, | W.N.W. | C, | N.W. | Cml, | N.W.

11 | C, | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs, | N.W.

12 | Cml, | -- | Cml, | S.W. | Cml, | S.W.

13 | Cml, | N.W. | -- | -- | Cs, Cm, | S.W.

14 | Ns, | S. | Ns. | -- | Cs, | --

15 | Cml, | S.W. | Cml, | -- | Ns. | --

16 | Ns. | N.E. | Ns. | N.E. | Cs. | --

17 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Cml, | --

18 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Cml, | S.W.

19 | Cs. | -- | Cs. | -- | Cml, | --

20 | Cs, | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs, | --

21 | Fair | -- | Cml, | -- | Cs, | --

22 | Fair | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs, | --

23 | C, | -- | -- | -- | Cml, | --

24 | Cml, Cs, | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs. | --

| | | | | |

25 | Cs. | -- | Cs, | -- | C, | --

26 | Fair | -- | -- | -- | -- | --

27 | C, | -- | -- | -- | -- | --

28 | Cs. | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | --

29 | Cs. | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | --

30 | Cml, | -- | -- | -- | -- | --

-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

_Remarkable Phenomena._--20th, Halo and Corona around the moon.

In the hail storm of the 24th, hail stones fell of a very large size.

One of the largest seen here was of the following dimensions, viz.

length 2 inches, breadth 1½ inches, depth 1⅛ inches.

April 16th, fall of rain 3-10 inch.

{lxvi} _Meteorological Register_ {lxvii} _for the Month of_ MAY, 1820

=====+=================+=================+=================+=====+

| | | | |

of +-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+Mean +

-----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

1 | 57 | N.W. | 74 | N.W. | 71 | N.W. | 67 |

2 | 54 | S.E. | 76 | S.E. | 75 | S.E. | 68 |

3 | 59 | S.E. | 71 | S.E. | 67 | S.E. | 65 |

4 | 64 | S.E. | 64 | N.W. | 61 | N.W. | 63 |

| | | | | | | |

5 | 50 | N.W. | 69 | N.W. | 70 | S.S.E. | 64 |

6 | 54 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 70 | S.E. | 64 |

7 | 40 | N.W. | 55 | N.W. | 51 | N.W. | 48 |

| | | | | | | |

8 | 45 | S.E. | | S.E. | 59 | S.E. | |

9 | 51 | S.E. | 77 | N.W. | 65 | N.W. | 64 |

10 | 53 | S.E. | 59 | N.W. | 52 | N.W. | 54 |

11 | 46 | N.W. | 61 | N.W. | 63 | Calm | 56 |

12 | 56 | N.W. | 70 | N.W. | 64 | N.W. | 63 |

13 | 54 | N.W. | 67 | N.W. | 62 | N.W. | 61 |

14 | 50 | N.W. | 69 | N.W. | 64 | N.W. | 61 |

15 | 58 | S.E. | 67 | S.E. | 66 | S.E. | 63 |

16 | 59 | S.E. | 65 | S.E. | 61 | S.E. | 61 |

| | | | | | | |

17 | 61 | S.E. | 70 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 66 |

| | | | | | | |

18 | 59 | S.E. | 66 | S.E. | 66 | S.E. | 63 |

19 | 56 | S.E. | 72 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 65 |

20 | 54 | S.E. | 68 | S.E. | 69 | S.E. | 63 |

21 | 56 | S.E. | 76 | S.E. | 71 | S.E. | 67 |

22 | 60 | S.E. | 77 | S.E. | 75 | S.E. | 70 |

23 | 60 | S.E. | 83 | S.E. | 77 | Calm | 73 |

24 | 67 | S.E. | 69 | S.E. | | E. | |

| | | | | | | |

25 | 53 | E. | 67 | N.E. | | N.E. | 59 |

26 | 57 | N.W. | 68 | N.W. | 62 | N.W. | 62 |

27 | 50 | N.W. | 76 | N.W. | 72 | N.W. | 66 |

28 | 58 | N.W. | 79 | N.W. | 68 | N.W. | 68 |

29 | | | | | | | |

30 | 59 | S.E. | 73 | S.E. | 71 | S.E. | 67 |

31 | 58 | S.E. | 66 | S.E. | 63 | S.E. | 62 |

-----+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+-----------+-----+

=====+========+====================================+=======================+

|Rise or | | |

|fall of | | |

|Missouri| | BAROMETER |

|in last | +-----------------------+

Day |24 hours| | |

of +--------+ +-------+-------+-------+

-----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

1 | +1 |P.M. few drops of rain | 28.80 | 28.46 | 28.44 |

2 | 0 | | 28.66 | 28.20 | 28.18 |

3 | -2½ |Fresh wind | 28.41 | 28.07 | 28.07 |

4 | +4½ |Violent storm last night with | 27.70 | 27.74 | 28.03 |

5 | 0 | | 28.03 | 28.38 | 28.33 |

6 | +19 | | 28.59 | 28.31 | 28.03 |

7 | +26 |Rain last night, with thunder and | 28.23 | 28.29 | 28.81 |

8 | -6 | | 28.72 | | 28.53 |

9 | -9 | | 28.60 | 28.08 | 28.37 |

10 | +19 | | 28.57 | 28.41 | 28.50 |

11 | +15 | | 28.63 | 28.40 | 28.40 |

12 | +8 | | 28.25 | 28.40 | 28.58 |

13 | -5 | | 28.26 | 28.70 | 28.75 |

14 | -5 | | 28.91 | 28.65 | 28.61 |

15 | -7 | | 28.80 | 28.63 | 38.70 |

16 | -7 |Storm last night of wind, rain, and | 28.80 | 28.73 | 28.73 |

17 | -6 |Rain last night, with much wind, | 28.60 | 28.25 | 28.30 |

18 | -5 | | 28.37 | 28.30 | 28.24 |

19 | -7 | | 29.47 | 28.18 | 28.26 |

20 | -3 |Rainy | 28.47 | 28.33 | 28.27 |

21 | -6 | | 28.27 | 28.14 | 28.21 |

22 | 0 |Light breezes | 28.00 | 28.08 | 28.15 |

23 | +5½ | | 28.22 | 27.70 | 27.82 |

24 | +14 |Rain with high wind this evening. | 28.02 | 28.07 | |

25 | -64 | | 28.57 | 28.57 | 28.65 |

26 | -12 | | 28.55 | 28.68 | 28.60 |

27 | +1 | | 28.66 | 28.13 | 28.22 |

28 | +40 |Light winds | 28.48 | 28.00 | 28.29 |

29 | +30 |Light winds | | | |

30 | +15 |Light winds | 28.49 | 28.21 | 28.31 |

31 | -24 |Light winds | 28.76 | 28.47 | 28.66 |

-----+--------+------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+

=====+=====================================================================

| MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS

+-----------------------+-----------------------+---------------------

Day | Morning | Mid-Day | Evening

of +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

1 | Cs. | -- | Cms. Cs. | -- | Cs. | --

2 | Cs. | -- | Cm, | -- | Cs, | --

3 | Cs. | -- | Cms. | -- | Cs. | --

4 | Ns. | -- | Ns, | -- | Ns. | --

| | | | | |

5 | Cs, C, | -- | Cm. | -- | Cs, | --

6 | Cs. | -- | Cs, | -- | Cs, | --

7 | Cm, | -- | Cm, | -- | Fair | --

| | | | | |

8 | Cs, | -- | C, | W.N.W. | Cs, | --

9 | Cs, | -- | Cm, | -- | Cml, | --

10 | Ns. | -- | Ns. | -- | Ns. | --

11 | Ns | -- | Cml, | -- | Cs, | N.W.

12 | Cs, | N.W. | Cs, | N.W. | Cml, | N.W.

13 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | Fair | --

14 | Fair | -- | Fair | -- | C, | N.W.

15 | Cs. | -- | Cml. | -- | Cs, | N.W.

16 | Ns, | S.E. | Ns. | S.E. | Ns. | E.S.E.

| | | | | |

17 | Ns. | -- | Ns, | S.E. | Cml. | S.E.

| | | | | |

18 | Ns. | -- | Cml. | S.E. | Cml. | S.E.

19 | C, | -- | Ns, | S.E. | C, | --

20 | Ns. | S.E. | Ns. | -- | Ns. | --

21 | C, | -- | C, Cm, | S. | C, Cm, | S.

22 | Fair | -- | Cm, | S.W. | Cm, | --

23 | Fair | -- | Cm. | -- | Cm, Cs, | --

24 | C, | -- | C. Cs. | -- | Ns, | --

| | | | | |

25 | Ns. | -- | Cml, | -- | Cs, | --

26 | Cs, | -- | Cml, | N.W. | Fair | --

27 | Fair | -- | Cml, | N.W. | Cs, Cm, | --

28 | Cml, | -- | Cm. | N.W. | Cm, | --

29 | Fair | -- | Cs. | -- | Cm, | --

30 | C, | -- | Cms, | -- | Cs. | --

31 | C, | -- | Cs. | -- | Cs, | --

-----+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------

May 4th, fall of rain, ½ inch--10th, 1 inch--20th, ⅛ inch--24th, ¾

inch.

{lxviii} _Meteorological Register_

[_Remarkable Phenomena_ continued from page lix [our page 279].]

January 29th. Parhelion around the sun this afternoon, consisting of

a halo circumscribing the sun, in the circumference of which appeared

the mock suns, and in a horizontal line with the sun. The diameter of

the halo was observed to be 45° 20´. To the N.E. of the sun there also

appeared a luminous arch inverted, or having its convex part towards

the sun, and its extremities directed from it. It was about 60° of a

circle of a smaller periphery than the halo, and well defined. The part

nearest the sun was found to be 48° 17´ distant from that luminary, so

that it did not come in contact with the halo, but the points of their

nearest approach were 25° 37´ apart. The halo was indistinct, except

in the vicinity of the mock suns, where it was well defined. Time of

making observations half past three o'clock, P.M. Thermometer at the

same time 5°, Barometer 28.88, atmosphere hazy, thin light clouds about

sun, fresh N.W. wind.

This evening soon after the moon rose, there being a thick haze or

mist in the atmosphere about her, there appeared two luminous cones of

a reddish cast, whose bases coincided with the moon's disc; the one

extending with its vertex above the moon directed towards the zenith,

and the other with its vertex below her approaching the horizon. At six

o'clock the paraselene appeared complete, consisting of the halo of the

same diameter as that around the sun this afternoon, the mock moons

or images, and the inverted arch to the S.W. of the moon, and of the

same size and distance from the moon as that which appeared with the

parhelion above mentioned. From each mock moon there projected a cone

of light, whose vertices were directed from the moon. Soon after these

appeared two more cones issuing from the moon, one on each side of her

in a horizontal direction. The length of the one projecting downwards

was 8° 40´; that of the other three 2° 30´, they being equal in length.

Thermometer when the observations on the moon were made stood at 5°,

Barometer 29.00, fresh N.W. breeze, atmosphere hazy, no clouds visible

about moon.

January 31st. Parhelion around the sun this morning, consisting of the

mock suns only, which appeared soon after sunrise, the distance between

them measured 44° 30´.

On the 12th the ice in the river was found to be 28 inches thick. Very

little current where the measurement was made.

FOOTNOTES:

[98] The matter from this point to the end of the present volume, is

reprinted from vol. ii of the Philadelphia edition (1823), where it

appears as part ii.--ED.

VOCABULARIES

INDIAN LANGUAGES

For the accuracy of the words in the following Vocabularies we have to

rely upon the knowledge of the Indians or interpreters from whom we

received them, having carefully noted them down on the spot, as they

appeared to be pronounced. I have much pleasure in acknowledging the

ready and important aid which I received from Mr. John Dougherty, at

present Deputy Indian Agent for the Missouri; indeed, the Omawhaw,

Shoshone and Upsaroka vocabularies are chiefly set down agreeably to

his pronunciation.

The philologist will observe, that in these vocabularies, the guttural

sound is indicated by a †, a nasal sound by an *, and a ‡ accompanying

the letter j, shows that the French sound of that letter must be given

to it.

T. SAY.

{lxx} VOCABULARY OF INDIAN LANGUAGES

==========+=======================+===================+=====================

Head | Wah-tok-ta-ta, or Oto | Konza Language | O-maw-haw Language

| Language | |

| | |

----------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------

|na-so |ve-ach-re |pah

Hair |na-to |pa-heu |pa-he

Face |in-ja |in-da |e-ta

Fore-head |pa |pah |pa

Eye |ish-tah |ish-tah |ish-tah

Nose |pa-so |pah |(same as _head_)

Ear |nan-tois |nah-tah |ne-tah

Lip |e-ha |e-hah |e-hah} }same

Mouth |e |yeh or eh |e-hah}

Chin |e-ko |egh |ra-ba-he

Tooth |he |heh |ee

Tongue |ra-za |yaa-sah |they-se or tha-se

Beard |e-he |eh-hah-he |e-he

Neck |ta-sha |tah-heu |pa-he (same as

| | |_hair_)

Skin |ho-ha |whugh-hah |ha

Arm |a-grat-che |ah |ah

Hand |na-wa |sha-geh |nom-ba

Fingers |no name for the fingers|sha-geh-hah |sha-ga

Nail |sha-ga |sha-geh-hu-hah |sha-ga-ha

{lxxi} Leg|ho |sha-gah |naugh-pa-he

Thigh |ra-ga |sha-gah-tun-gah |‡ja-guh

Foot |ce |seh |se

Toes |no name for the toes |se-hah |se-pa

|collectively | |

Copulation|wa-to | |wat-che

Penis |ra |shang-a |‡ja

Vulva |o-ya | |e-‡ja

Meat |ta-to-ka |ta-do-kah |ta-no-ka

Blood |wa-pa-ga |wah-pe |wa-me

Heart |nan-tcha |na-cha |naun-da

Bone |wa-ho |wa-heu |*y-he

Horn |cha-ha |hah |ha

Magician |wah-ho-ben-ne | |ne-ka-shing-guh-ho-ba

Chief |wang-a-ge-he | |ne-ka-ga-he

Man |wah-she-ga |ne-kos-shing-goh |no

Old man |wa-sha-in-ga | |ish-a-ga

Soldier |moi-a-ke-ta | |wa-na-sha

Woman |nah-hak-ka |wa-kooh |wa-o

Old woman |na-ak-shin-ya | |wa-o-‡jin-guh

Boy |chin-to-ing-ya |she-do-shing-goh |no-‡jing-ga

Friend |in-tar-ro | |ca-ga

Girl |che-me-ing-ya |she-me-shing-goh |me-‡jing-ga

Father |an-tcha |e-tah-cheh |da-da or da-da-ha

{lxxii} |e-hong, the mother |e-nah |e-hong, the mother

Mother | | |

Son |e-ing-ya, the son |(See Boy) |e-‡jing-ga, his son

| | |

Daughter |e-ong-a, the daughter |(See Girl) |e-‡jong-ga, the

| | |daughter

Pretty |o-com-pe | |o-com-pe

Ugly |o-com-pish-con-na | |o-com-pe-a-‡ja

Child |che-ching-a |shing-goh-shing-goh|shinga-shinga

| | |

Brother |e-ena, elder brother |wes-son-gah |we-son-gah, younger

| | |brother

|e-song-a, younger | |‡je-na-ha, elder

|brother | |brother

Sister |e-tong-a, younger |wet-ton-geh |toing-ga

|sister | |

|e-onuh, elder do | |

| | |

God |wah-con-dah-- they |wak-kon-doh |wah-con-da

|call the thunder the | |

|same | |

| | |

{lxxiii} |wah-con-dah-pish-co-na,|wok-kon-doh-pe-she,|ish-ten-e-ke, bad

Devil |bad god |bad spirit |spirit or witch

| | |

Heaven |wah-noh-a-tche nuh, |no corresponding |wa-noch-a-te,

|town of spirits |word; |town of brave and

| |wah-nahk-he-o- |generous spirits

| |shonge-yah-re |

| |--road of the dead |

Hell |no name for this |no corresponding |wa-noch-a-tow-

| |word in this |woin-pa-‡je, town

| |language; |of poor or useless

| |o-shon-geh-pe-she--|spirits

| |bad road |

Heat |tah-an-ah |mos-cheh |on-a-bre

Cold |sne |sne-wah-cheh |sne

Rain |ne-yu |ne-she-hue-ah |naun-she

Snow |pah |pah-hue-ah |mah

Ice |no-ha† |nah-heh |no-ha

Hail |pa-so | |ma-se

| | |

Summer |to-ka | |no-gah

Winter |pa-ne | |mah-ra-dong

Morning |ha-ro-tach-tche | |cas-aht-te

Evening |eh-ta-na | |paz-za

| | |

{lxxiv} |hang-wa | |om-bah

Day | | |

Night |hang-ha | |hon-da

Sun |pe | |me-na-ca-ja

| | |

Moon |pe-tang-wa, sun that | |me-om-bah

|gives light | |

| | |

Star |pe-kah-ha | |me-ca-a

Earth |ma-ha | |mon-e-ka

Water |ne | |ne

| | |

Whiskey |pa-je-ne | |pa-ge-ne

Medicine |man-cong | |uc-cong

Mysterious|wah-ho-ne-ta | |†ho-ba

medicine | | |

Fire |pa-ja | |pa-da

Wood |na | |‡jan

Tree |na-bo-shra-ja, | |†her-a-ba-me

|standing wood | |

Bean |o-ne | |him-bar-rin-ga

Leaf |nah-wa | |a-ba

Maize |wa-to-ja | |wat-tan-ze

Pumpkin |wat-twoing | |wat-tang

{lxxv} |na-ha | |‡joh-noh-hah

Bark | | |

Tobacco |ra-ne | |ne-ne

Hazlenuts |qua-ing-ya | |*a-‡jin-guh

Hill |o-ha | |pa-ha

| | |

Valley |a-bras-ka | |o-‡je-nosh-ka

| | |

River |nesh-noug-a, running | |wa-tish-ka

|water | |

Spring |ne-wa-bru, water | |ne-hun-ga

|springing up | |

Gelding |shong-a? | |shong-ga-son-

| | |ga-en-ne

Horse |shong-to-ka? | |shon-ga-tun-ga

Mare |shong-ming-ya | |shon-ga-min-ga

Colt |shong-shing-ya | |shon-to-‡jin-guh

| | |

Dog |shong-o-ka-ne, | |she-no-ta

|unmeaninghorse | |

Wolf |shong-tung | |shong-tun-guh

Fox |mes-ra-ka | |ma-nik-o-shier

Bird |wa-ing-ya | |wash-ing-guh

Turkey |wa-ek-kung-ja | |ze-ze-kah

War eagle |he-ra | |†he-ra-ska

Buck elk | | |om-pa-nu-gah

| | |

Doe | | |om-pa-min-gah

{lxxvi} | | |

Egg |e-tcha |et-tah |wa-tuh

Buck deer | | |toch-ta-nu-gah

Doe | | |toch-ta-min-gah

| | |

Fawn | | |toch-ta‡jinguh-

| | |hin-gara-‡ja

Fish |ho |ho |ho-ho

Squirrel |ah-sin-ya | |sin-guh

Prairie |man-ne-ho-ja |man-ne-†ho-da |

dog | | |

Snake |wa-cong |vatz-ah |wais-uh

Bison |cha |ta |

Otter |tosh-nong-ya | |nosh-noh

Black |ta-sa-wa | |toch-ta-sin-ja-sa-ba

tailed | | |

deer | | |

Bear |mon-ja |was-sah-ba |was-sa-ba

Raccoon |me-ka | |me-ca

Beaver |ra-way | |‡ja-ba

Louse |ha |hah |ha

Antelope |ta-to | |ta-tshu-guh

Skunk |mon-ka | |mon-guh

{lxxvii} |ta-gres-ka, deer that |no corresponding |tat-a-guh, fool deer

Flea |is going |word |

Muskrat |o-to-ak-ka | |sin-ja-sna-ja-

| | |wa-ge-re

Rabbit |mish-tsching-ya | |mas-tschin-ga

Bow |man-to |shah-me-ja |man-da-san-ra

Arrow |ma |mah |mah

Knife |ma-he | |ma-he

Pipe |ra-no-wa | |ne-ne-bah

Canoe |pa-ja |pah-cheh |mon-de-ha-shin-ga

House |che |teh |te

Copper |ma-za-ze |mahs-es-se-he |mon-za-‡je-da

| | |

Stone |eng-ro |eh |e-eh

Body |e-ro | |

Iron |ma-za |mahs-suh |mon-za

Yes |Hon-ja |hoo-eh |oh-hoh*

| | |

{ No { { |He-a-ko, by the men | |

| |hank-kash-eh |auns-kash-a

|He-a-ka by the squaws | |

None |ning-ya | |ning-ga

White |ska |skoh |ska

Red |shu-ja | |‡je-da

Black |sa-wa |sah-beh |sah-ba

Blue |to | |to

Yellow |ze | |ze

Light |ta-kong |haum-pah |o-go-om-ba

Darkness |o-han-za |haum-o-pas-se |o-ga-ha-no-pa-sa

Me |me-eh | |we

I (_ego_)|| |be-ah |

One |yon-ka |me-akh-che |me-ach-che

Two |no-wa |nom-pah |nom-ba

Three |ta-ne |yah-be-re |ra-be-ne

Four |to-wa |toh-pah |to-ba

Five |sa-ta |sah-tah |sat-ta

Six |sha-qua |shahp-peh |shap-pa

Seven |shah-a-muh |pa-om-bah |pa-num-ba

| | |

Eight |kra-ra-ba-na |pa-yah-be-re |pa-ra-be-ne

Nine |shan-ka |shank-kuh |shon-ka

| | |

Ten |kra-ba-nuh |kera-brah, or |kra-ba-ra

| |ker-a-be-rah |

Eleven |a-gen-ne-yon-ka |ah-re-me-akh-che |a-gar-e-me

Twelve |a-gen-ne-no-wa |ah-re-nom-pah |a-gar-e-num-ba

----------+-----------------------+-------------------+---------------------

==========+=================+================

Head | Sioux, (Yancton | Min-ne-ta-re,

| band,) Lang. | or Gros ventre

| | Language

----------+-----------------+----------------

|pah |an-too

Hair |pa-ha |ar-ra

Face |e-ta |

Fore-head |e-ta-ho |e-re

Eye |ish-tah |ish-tah

Nose |pa-so |a-pah

Ear |nong-ko-pa |la-hoch-e

Lip |e-ha |

Mouth |ee |e-eep-chap-pah

Chin |e-ko |

Tooth |he |ee(teeth)

Tongue |cha-dzhe |neigh-‡je

Beard |po-te-he |a-poo-te

Neck |ta-ho |a-peh

| |

Skin |ha |laugh-pa

Arm |is-to |arrough

Hand |na-pa |shan-te

Fingers |nap-cho-pa |shan-te-ich-po

Nail |sha-ka |ich-po

{lxxi} Leg|ho |eh-ta-whir-ta

Thigh |cha-cha |e-re-ke

Foot |ce-ha |it-se

Toes |ces-has-ta |it-se-shan-ke

| |

Copulation|tow-e-tong |e-e-pe

Penis |cha |e-re

Vulva |so-so |sher-rah

Meat |ta-do |cu-ruc-tschit-te

Blood |oua |eh-re

Heart |shan-ta |nah-tah

Bone |ho, same as leg |e-rouh

Horn |heh or ha |an-‡je

Magician | |

Chief | |

Man |we-cha-sha |mat-tza

Old man |we-chach-chah |e-tan-ca

Soldier | |

Woman |we-ah |me-ya

Old woman |wa-konk-ka |ga-no

Boy |ho-ke-she-na |shi-kan-‡ja

Friend | |

Girl |we-chin-cha-no |me-ya-kan-‡ja

Father |at-cu-cu |tan-ta

{lxxii} |hu-co |e-ka

Mother | |

Son |che-het-co |mou-ri-sha

| |

Daughter |we-tach-nong |ma-cath

| |

Pretty |o-yuk-co-pe |e-ta-suk-es

Ugly |o-yuk-she-sha |e-ta-e-she-es

Child |ok-che-cho-pa |man-on-gah,

| |children

Brother |ho-cowng-‡je- |be-a-cah, elder

|co-che-a, my |Mat-tso-ga,

|elder brother |younger

| |

Sister |tow-in-och-te |mat-to-me-ya

| |elder, mat-tak-

| |ke-e-‡je,

| |younger

God |wa-ca-tun-ca, |man-ho-pa,

|the Great Spirit |Great Spirit

| |

{lxxiii} |wa-con-she-cheh, |no

Devil |bad spirit |corresponding

| |word

Heaven |wan-ach-a-te-pa, |a-pah-he, good

|house of spirits |village

| |

Hell |no word for this |no

| |corresponding

| |word

| |

Heat |oh-de-de-ta |ar-rase

Cold |sne |ce-re-a

Rain |ma-ha-‡jou |†har-a

Snow |wah |mah-pa

Ice |cha-†hah |me-†roh-†he

Hail |was-so |mah-pe-ich-te-

| |et-snow large

| |har-a-a-pa rain

| |together

Summer |min-to-ca-to |ma-pus-a-gus

Winter |wah-ne-ah-to |ma-la

Morning |he-han-na |ker-aug-co-tah

Evening |eh-ti-a-to |oh-pah

| |

{lxxiv} |aung-pa |mah-pah, very

Day | |like snow

Night |haha-pe |oh-se-us

Sun |oue |mah-pe-me-ne,

| |sun of day

Moon |ha-ya-to-we |oh-se-a-me-ne,

| |sun of night

| |

Star |weh-chah-pe |e-kah

Earth |mong-ca |a-mah

Water |me-ne |me-ne

| |

Whiskey | |

Medicine | |

Mysterious| |

medicine | |

Fire |pa-ta |be-ras

Wood |cha* |be-ra

Tree |cha-on-ge-na, |be-ra-ech-te-et

|one wood alone |

Bean | |

Leaf |wah†-pa |a-pa-bat-to-se

Maize | |

Pumpkin | |

{lxxv} |chang-ha |es-sche

Bark | |

Tobacco |chan-te |ow-pa

Hazlenuts | |

Hill |†ha-a-ca |avo-ca-ve-car-

| |ish-ta

Valley |se-mong-ca |a-man-she-e-pe,

| |a bushy ravine

River |wa-co-pa |an-ge

| |

Spring |cak-ce-za |ma-ha

| |

Gelding |shon-ko-wa-cong |it-ze-mat-shu-ga

| |

Horse |shong-min-to-ca |an-‡ju-ca-ba-tu

Mare |shong-we-a-nong |be-ca

Colt |shong-che-na |it-ze-bu-zu-ga-

| |non-ga

Dog |shon-ka |mat-shu-ga

| |

Wolf |shunk-to-ka-cheh |sa-‡ja

Fox |cha-to-ka-na |ih-hoc-ca-‡je

Bird |ze-ca-no |sa-can-ga

Turkey | |

War eagle | |

Buck elk |heh-ha-ka |ma-ron-ga-ca-

| |re-pe

Doe |o-pong |ma-ron-ga-be-ca

{lxxvi} | |

Egg |weet-ca ga |sa-can-ga-non-ko

Buck deer |ta-min-do-ca |se-e-ka-tuc-ke

Doe |ta-we-a-nong |se-e-ka-tuc-ke-

| |be-ca

Fawn |ta-che-cha-na |se-e-ka-tuc-ke-

| |non-ga

Fish |ho-hung |bo-a

Squirrel | |

Prairie | |

dog | |

Snake |wam-dosh-ka |ma-buc-sha

Bison |ke-e-ra-pe |

Otter |pet-tong |me-ra-po-ca

Black | |

tailed | |

deer | |

Bear |wa-hunk-ca-ce-cha|lah-pet-ze

Raccoon |we-cha |me-ra-pa

Beaver |cha-pa |

Louse |ha-uh |a-tap-peh

Antelope | |

Skunk | |

{lxxvii} |ha-nuh |sa-cas-ke

Flea | |

Muskrat | |

| |

Rabbit |mash-te-cha-nong |e-ta-ke

Bow |e-ta-ze-pah |be-rah-hah

Arrow |wang-hink-a-pa |e-tah

Knife |me-na mat-ze |

Pipe |chan-dow-ho-pa |eh-ke-pe

Canoe |wa-tah |a-man-ta

House |te-pe |a-te, Ind. lodge

Copper |mas-ah-shah, or |o-was-sa-she-re

|red iron |

Stone |e-yong |me-e

Body | |

Iron |ma-ah |o-was-sa

Yes |hah or toch |i, or

| |ar-roch-o- bah

{ No { { | |

|he-yah |na-‡jes

| |

None | |

White |scah |ho-tech-ke

Red |shah |ish-she

Black |sa-pah |shu-pe-sha

Blue |toe |ta-he

Yellow |ze |she-re

Light |oh-‡ja-‡jo |mah-pa-suh-kas

Darkness |oh-yok ka-pa-za |oh-pa-‡je

Me |me-ya |

I (_ego_)|| |me-e

One |wan-cha |le-mois-so

Two |no-pa |no-o-pah

Three |ya-me-ne |na-me

Four |to-pah |to-pah

Five |zap-ta |che-†hoh

Six |shak-pa |a-ca-ma

Seven |shak-o-e |chap-po

| |

Eight |shak-un-do-huh |no-pup-pe

Nine |nuh-pet-che- |no-was-sap-pa

|wung-kuh |

Ten |wek-chem-in-uh |pe-ra-gas

| |

Eleven |a-ka-ong-‡jin |a-pe-le-mois-so

Twelve |a-ka-no-pa |a-pe-no-o-pah

----------+-----------------+----------------

==========+==================+=================

Head | Paw-ne Language | Chel-a-ke, or

| |Cherokee Language

| |

----------+------------------+-----------------

|pak-shu |is-ko

Hair |o-shu |ka-tluh

Face | |

Fore-head |pak-she re |a-ga-ta-ga-nuh

Eye |ke-re-ko |a-ka-tuh

Nose |tshu-sho |col-yen-suh

Ear |at-ka-ro |kad-la-nuh

Lip | |e-a-na-ga-luh

Mouth |tska-o |a-ho-le

Chin |ka-ka |kay-en-uh

Tooth |ha-ro |ky-to-ka

Tongue |ha-to |ka-no-kuh

Beard |ra-rosh |a-ha-no-luh

Neck |tshu-she-re |kit-sane or

| |a-git-a-ga-nuh

Skin |ska-ret-ke |kan-a-guh

Arm |pe-e-ru |kan-o-gan

Hand |ik-she-re |o-woy-an-e

Fingers |hash-pet |ta-ka-ya-sut-enn

Nail |hash-pet |ka-so-kut-un

{lxxi} Leg|kash-o |kun-uns-ka-nuh

Thigh |pe-ka-ta-ko |ka-guh-lung

Foot |ash-o |la-sa-ta-nuh

Toes |ash-o-hash-pet |ta-ka-na-sut-uh

| |

Copulation| |

Penis |car-e-o |a-tuh

Vulva | |

Meat |ke-shat-ske |o-we-duh

Blood |ha-to |ke-kuh

Heart |pet-so |o-noh-hwa

Bone |ke-sho |ko-luh

Horn |are-ko |hu-lon-uh

Magician | |

Chief | |

Man |tsa-e-ksh |ski-yuh

Old man | |

Soldier | |

Woman |tsa-pat |ka-yuh

Old woman | |

Boy |pesh-ke |at-so-zuh

Friend | |

Girl |tcho-ra-ksh |a-ga-hew-tzuh

Father |a-te-ash |a-to-tuh

{lxxii} | |

Mother |a-te-rah |a-tsing

Son |pe-rou-ta-ta |a-quat-se-at-su-

| |tsuh

Daughter |tcho-ra-ge-la-ha |a-quat-se-a-ga-

| |ho-tsuh

Pretty | |

Ugly | |

Child |pe-rou |a-kah

| |

Brother |e-ra-re |a-ke-ne-le

| |

Sister |e-ta-†he |ang-ga-tuh

| |

God |tlou-wa-hot, |ka-long-la-te-e-

|Master of Life |geth-te-ra, the

| |Great Spirit

| |above

{lxxiii} |tsa-he-ksh-ka- |ske-nuh

Devil |ko-hra-wah, bad |

|spirit |

Heaven |tska-o, same as |ka-lang-a-te

|mouth |

| |

Hell |ka-ko-hre-a-to-ro,|tsens-ske-nuh

|bad road |

| |

Heat |tou-ets-to |telh-kuh

Cold |ta-pech-e |uh-lan-nuh

Rain |tat-so-ro |a-ga-skuh

Snow |to-sha |an-tsink

Ice |la-she-to |un-a-ster-lang

Hail | |the same as ice

| |

Summer |le-at |ko-ke

Winter |pitsh-e-kat |ko-luh

Morning |ka-ka-rush-ka |so-nah-leh

Evening |wa-tate-kat- |son-e-a-leh

|tate-ke-a |

{lxxiv} |shak-o-ro e-sharet|e-kum

Day | |

Night |e-ra-shu-a-te |son-o-yeh

Sun |sha-ko-ro |na-toh

| |

Moon |pa |as sun, dist.

| |by adding

| |_night_

Star |o-pe-ret |noh-kos-a

Earth |o-ra-ro |ka-tun

Water |ket-so |a-muh, nearly

| |the same as

| |_salt_

Whiskey | |

Medicine | |

Mysterious| |

medicine | |

Fire |la-te-to |at-se-luh

Wood |la-gish, forest |at-uh

Tree | |hu-kuh

| |

Bean | |

Leaf |lets-ko-shu |u-guh-lo-kuh

Maize | |

Pumpkin | |

{lxxv} |la-vet-ta-te |u-tha-lu-kuh

Bark | |

Tobacco | |

Hazlenuts | |

Hill |pa-ho-ke-ve-to |

| |

Valley |la-kat-tosh, a |oh-tat-luh

|ravine |

River |kat-tosh |ak-wo-ne

| |

Spring |kets-pa-le, |a-muk-a-nu-go-guh

| |

Gelding | |

| |

Horse |a-ro-sha |tsa-wil-e

Mare |a-sha-tsa-pat |

Colt | |

| |

Dog |a-sha-kish |ke-leh

| |

Wolf | |

Fox | |

Bird |le-kot-ske |ses-quah

Turkey | |

War eagle | |

Buck elk | |

| |

Doe | |

{lxxvi} | |

Egg |le-kot-ske-pe- |o-a-teh

Buck deer | |

Doe | |

| |

Fawn | |

| |

Fish |kat-tsche-ke |at-tsa-teh

Squirrel | |

Prairie | |

dog | |

Snake |lot-pat-set |e-nah-tah

Bison | |

Otter | |

Black | |

tailed | |

deer | |

Bear |ko-roksh |yoh-nuh

Raccoon | |

Beaver | |

Louse |pets |ta-nuh

Antelope | |

Skunk | |

{lxxvii} |te-ra-guh |tsu-kuh

Flea | |

Muskrat | |

| |

Rabbit | |

Bow |te-ra-gish |kelk-tsut-e

Arrow |lek-sho |kun-e

Knife | |

Pipe | |

Canoe |lak-o-ho-ro |tse-u

House |ak-ka-ro |kat-so-da

Copper |kots-ter-ra-ha |tsal-ya-tal-ou-

| |i-ka, red brass

Stone |ka-ret-ke |ni-yah

Body | |

Iron |pa-bet-de-sho |u-tal-u-gis-ke

Yes |na-wa |o-wah

| |

{ No { { | |

|ka-ke |an-tleh

| |

None | |

White |la-ta-ka |u-na-kuh

Red | |

Black |ka-tet |un-nuh-ga

Blue | |

Yellow | |

Light |shuk-she-gat |e-ga-hew

Darkness |same as night |ul-se-kuh

Me | |

I (_ego_)||ta |i-yeh

One |as-ko |

Two |pet-ko |

Three |tou-wet |

Four |shke-tiksh |

Five |she-oksh |

Six |shek-sha-bish |

Seven |pet-ko-shek- |

|sha-bish |

Eight |tou-wet-sha-bish |

Nine |lok-she-re-wa |

| |

Ten |lok-she-re |

| |

Eleven |as-ko-lok-she-re |

Twelve |pet-ko-sho-she-re |

----------+------------------+-----------------

{lxxix} _Having but a small number of words of the two

following Languages, it is thought proper to insert them

separately from the above comparative tables, in order that

the columns may not be too much extended._

Shos-ho-ne Language

Good, sant

Bad, kate-sant

Salmon, au-gi

Come, ke-ma

Large, pe-up

Big river, pau-pe-up

To eat, bo-re-can

White people, tab-ba-bo--_people of the sun_

Go, nu-me-a-ro

To copulate, yo-co

To see, ma-bo-ne

Did not see it, ka-en-ma-bo-na

To love, kom-muh

A great many, shant

Bison, kot-zo

Antelope, wa-re

Elk, pa-re

Awl, we-u

Beaver, ha-nish

Friend, hants

Woman, wipe

Water, pa

Horse, bunk-o

No, ka-he

Tash-e-pa, pierced nose--_a nation of the Columbia_

Paw-kees, black feet Indians

Pun-ash, root eaters--a band of Shoshones who call a horse

toish, and a squaw mo-co-ne

Up-sa-ro-ka, or Crow Language

White people, mash-te-se-re--_yellow eyes_

Pawkees or Black-feet, e-chip-e-ta

Poor, bats-ish-cat

Powerful or strong, bats-atsh

Good, e-tschick

Bad, kab-beak

Bison, be-sha

Bison bull, che-ra-pa

Beaver, be-rap-pa

Tobacco, o-pa

Where, sho

Far, ham-a-ta

Mountain, am-a-†ha-ba

Elk, e-che-re-ca-te--_little horse_

Finished or completed, kar-a-ko-tuk

Knife, mit-se

What, sa-pa

Near, ash-ka

Friend, she-ka

To eat, ba-boush-mek

Gunpowder, be-rups-spa

Little, e-ro-ka-ta

Name which they give to the Sioux nation,

mar-an-sho-bish-ko--_or the cut throats_

Young woman, me-ka-ta

Water, me-ne

Fire, be-da

Wood, mon-a

River, an-sha

Horse, e-che-ra

No, bar-a-ta

{lxxx} _The following promiscuous words are added for the further information

of the philologist._

Wah-tok-ta-ta, or Oto Language

White people, maz-onk-ka--_iron makers_

Americans, ma-he-hun-jeh--_big knife_

British, ra-gar-rash-ing, probably not an Oto word

Ioway nation, pa-ho-ja--_gray snow_

Missouri nation, ne-o-ta-tcha--_those who build a town at the

mouth of a river_

Mississippi river, ne-o-hun-je--_the river that enlarges as it

runs_, or ne-ber-a-‡je, _water of knowledge_

Missouri river, ne-su-ja--_smoky water_

Osage river, ne-ska--_white water_

Grand river, nesh-na-hun-ja--_big water_

Konzes river, to-pe-o-ka--_good potatoe river_

Nodowa river, ne-a-ton-wa--_jump over river_, or ne-wa-ton

Walk, ma-ne

Distant, har-re

Deer, tah-che

Green, toh-tsche

Platte river, ne-bras-ka--or _flat water_

Little Platte river, ne-breska-ingya--_little flat water_

Tarkio river, tar-ke-u

Nemehaw river, ne-mo-ha-hun-ge

Little Nemehaw river, ne-mo-haing-ya

Nishnabatona river, nish-na-bot-ona--_canoe making river_

Weeping water river, ne-ha-ga--_weeping water_

Saline creek, nes-co--_salt water_

Loup fork of the Platte river, Pawneeomawhaw-ne-etow-wa

Elk-horn creek, wa-ta-tung-ya

Konza river, Konza-ne-etow-wa--or _the river belonging to the

Konzas_

Run, nong-a

Leap, ta-wa

Fight, a-ke-ra-ga

Eat, wa-ro-ja

Drink, rat-tong

Steal, mo-no

Talk, e-cha

Strength, bre-hra

Weakness, wa-ha-ha

Poor, wa-was-tong

Near, as-ke

Different, e-tan-tong

Good, pe-ay

Bad, pish-co-na

Mockeson, a-ko-je

Gunpowder, ak-ho-je

Ball, ma-za-muh

Looking-glass, ma-zo-ka-tou-a

Long, thra-ja

Short, su-is-cha

Broad, ar-ru-cha-hun-ja

Thick, sho-ga

Thin, bra-ka

Father, in-ko--used by a person when addressing his father.

This word is said by Lewis and Clarke, p. 36, to mean _chief_,

but this seems to be a mistake.

Twenty, kra-ba-nuh-no-wa

Twenty-one, krabanuhnowa-agen-ne-yon-ka?

Thirty, krabanuh-ta-ne

One hundred, krabanuh-ho-yong

One hundred and one, krabanuhhoyongagenneyonka

One thousand, krabanuhhoyonghon-ja--or _big hundred_

{lxxxi} O-maw-haw Language

White people, wah-ha--_makers_

Americans, mah-he-tun-guh--_big knife_

British, suk-an-ash--not a proper Omawhaw word

Hat, wa-ha-pa-ga-rong

Hatchet, maz-za-pa-‡jin-ga

Axe, maz-za-pa-tun-guh

Prairie dog's burrow, man-ne-†ho-da-te

Grizzly bear, mon-tschu

White hare, mas-tschi-ska

Porcupine, pa-he

Bald eagle, he-ra-pa-song

Grey eagle, he-ra-gra ‡je

Black bear, wa-sa-ba

Dragon fly, te-ne-nik-a

Sword, mah-he-tun-guh

Small knife, mah-he-‡jin-guh

Canoe, mun-da

Thunder, †ger-rong

Breech-cloth, ‡ja-a-de-gar-rong

Niece, we-te-‡jeh by the men, we-to-‡jon-ga by the squaws

Brother-in-law, tahong

Deer skin, ta-ha

Sweet maize, wat-tan-ze-ske-ra

Common maize, wat-tan-ze-sar-ra-ga

An ear of maize, wa-ha-ba

Abdomen, ta-ze

Paunch or stomach, ne-ha

Mammæ, mon-za, same as _iron_

People, ne-ka-shing-ga, or ne-kuh-shing-guh

Young warrior, wa-se-se-ga

Warm, mash-ta

Nostrils, pah-shu-sha

Human skin, he-ha

Deep blue, toh-che

Dance, wat-che. Sometimes the word ga-ha, _to make_, is

subjoined to this word in order to distinguish from their term

for copulation

His child, e-ne-se

Me (I) make, pa-†ha, very like the word for _hill_

My true child, we-se-‡jun-tsche-nu

It is said there is none, ning-ga-um

Bad or ugly, pa-‡juh--a word used in anger, principally by the

squaws

Poor as a turkey, wah-pa-ne-ze-ze-ka-a-go

I am as poor as a turkey, a-mah-panezezekaago

You are as poor as a turkey, war-ichpanezezekaago

It was red with blood, wa-me-‡je-da-ka

I will not go, a-bra-muj‡-‡je

Come here, ge-ga-ha

Little Platte river, ne-bras-ka-‡jinguh--_Little flat water_

Konza river, Konza-ne-eta

Bowyer creek, ne-ha-ba--_shallow water_

Little Sioux creek, wa-ta

Run, to-na

Leap, we-sa

Fight, ke-ke-na

Eat, wa-brat-ta

Drink, brat-tong

Steal, mo-no

Talk, e-a, very like _stone_

Strength, wash-ca-tun-ga

Weakness, wa-ha-ha

Poor, wah-pa-ne

Near, ash-ka

Good, o-dong

Bad, o-dong-buj‡-‡je, or o-dan-‡je, or pe-a-‡ja

Mockeson, *han-pa

Gunpowder, mah-†ho-da

Ball, mah-za-muh

Looking-glass, ne-o-ke-garras-se

Long, sna-da

Short, cha-shkah

Broad, bras-ka

Thick, sho-guh

{lxxxii} Thin, bra-ka

Thirteen, a-gar-e-ra-be-ne

Twenty, kra-ba-ra-nom-ba

Twenty-one, krabaranomba-ke-de-me-ach-che

Thirty, krabara-be-ne

Thirty-one, krabarabene-ke-de-me-ach-che

One hundred, krabara-he-me

One hundred and one, krabarahe-me-ke-de-me-ach-che

One thousand, krabaraheme-ton-ga

One thousand and one, krabara-he-metonga-kedemeachche

Nine thousand, krabarahemeton-ga-shon-ka

O-maw-haw Names of Persons

MEN

Yellow Belly, ta-ze-ze

Little God, wah-conda-‡jin-ga

God, wah-conda

He that carries his feet, se-ge-e

He that has four feet, se-to-ba

Four hands, nom-ba-to-ba

Two legs, ‡ja-ga-nom-ba

Four nails, sha-ga-to-ba

Big hand, nomba-tun-ga

Big eyes, ish-ta-tun-ga

He who deliberates, wa-ru-ger-rong

Buffaloe rib, ta-re-ta

Buffaloe tail, ta-sin-da

Buffaloe head, ta-pa

Buffaloe bull, ta-nu-ga

Buffaloe calf, ta-‡jin-ga

Little white bear, mut-chu-‡jinga

Black white bear, mut-chu-sa-ba

Black bird, wa-‡jinga-sa-ba

He that walks on the edge, o-hon-ga-mon-e

He that makes signs as he walks, wa-bom-en-e

He that walks behind, a-ga-ha-mo-ne

He that hunts as he walks, o-na-mun-ne

The walking cloud, mah-pe-mun-ne

The strong walker, wash-ka-mun-ne

He who walks when fruit is ripe, se-da-mun-ne

He who cries as he walks, ha-ga-mun-ne

He who walks beyond others, ko-she-ha-mun-ne

He who arrived in haste, wash-con-he

He who is not afraid of tracks, se-gra-na-pa-ba

The white horse, shon-ga-ska

Seven, pa-num-ba

Ace of spades, o-ka-de-ga-rong

Little cook, o-hon-‡jin-ga

Head wind or North wind, ke-ma-ha

Big skunk, mon-ga-tun-ga

Prairie wolf, mon-e-kus-se

Swan, me-hus-ca-tun-ga

He who walks double, nom-ba-mon-ne

Black breast, mon-ga-sab-ba

No hand, nom-ba-ning-ga

Brave, wa-shu-sha

No knife, ma-he-ning-ga

Two tails, sin-da-num-ba

The top of the tent-poles which are tied together, te-she-mo-ha

Big bullet, ma-ze-mat-tunga

Medicine mouth, e-wa-ho-ba

He who carries real medicines, mac-ca-n-e

Wet mockeson, hom-pa-no-ca

Big leggings, o-tant-tun-ga

Smoke maker, shu-da-goch-ha

Two faces, in-da-nom-ba

The twins, nom-ba-dant

Yellow knife, ma-he-ze

SQUAWS' NAMES

The first moon, me-ta-e

Na-sa-za

{lxxxiii} Village, towoin

Me-hun-guh

First thunder, ti-en-e

Female sun, me-teh-ha

Female moon, me-um-bun-ne

Female axe, mas-up-pa-me

Female deer that looks, wa-tum-bun-ne

The first thunder that falls, ta-ingga-ra

O-maw-haw Interjections and Exclamations

Zt!--This is used by the men when contemplating a fine trinket,

looking-glass, &c.; they sometimes say zt-o-dah!

Sheh-zt-zt-zt! or wah-zt-zt-zt! or oah-zt-zt-zt! is used by the

men for driving dogs out of mischief.

Eh-zt-zt-zt-zt! by the women on the same occasion.

Heh! an inspiration--used by the women when a sudden but

trifling accident occurs--as it is also used by the white

females.

Ke-a!--the first syllable nasal--by the women for calling their

dogs.

Wo-oh! by the men for calling their dogs or horses. It is a

sound very similar to that used by the whites to halt horses.

Wah-man-gar-ing-ga! Be off, or go away--spoken in anger--this

would be the last word, an attack would succeed if disregarded.

O-hoh! (drawn out very long) used to one who has been troubling

them a long time--it would precede the preceding exclamation in

the gradation of displeasure.

Ge-ga-ha! wah-ge-ga-ra! o-hoh-ge-gar-a!--the successive

expressions of impatience in calling a person to come.

Hi-o! The answer of a squaw to one who calls.

Ha! The answer of a man to one who calls.

Da-dansh-ta-a! An exclamation similar in signification to _O,

alas, me!_

{lxxxiv} Sioux, (Yancton band,) Language

American, me-na-has-hah--_Long knife_

British, sa-kin-da-sha. This appears to be an adopted word.

Physician, wa-pe-a-we-a-cha-sha

Village, o-tong-y-a

Eagle, ho-yah

Green, to-we-toy-ya, or "the blue to dye with"--they have no

other word for this colour.

Warm, mach-ta

Pawnees, pa-dan-o-ta

Sioux, da-co-ta

Run, e-ong-ka

Leap, e-ep-se-sha

Fight, ke-che-za

Eat, wo-tah

Drink, ya-ta-kong

Talk, e-ah

Good, wash-ta

Gunpowder, cha-hun-da

Thirteen, a-ka-ya-me-ne

Nineteen, a-ka-nuh-pet-che-wung

Twenty, wek-chem-in-eh-nom-pa

Twenty-one, wekcheminehnompah-a-ka-ong-ge

Thirty, wekcheminuh-ya-me-ne

Thirty-one, wekcheminuhyamene-a-ka-ong-‡jin

One hundred, o-pang-ha

One hundred and one, opangha-aka-ong-‡jin

One thousand, kok-o-tong-o-pang-ha

One thousand and one, kokotongopangha-a-ka-ong-‡jin

Ten thousand, kokotongopanghawekcheminuh

The upper bands of the Sioux in their pronunciation substitute the

letter _l_ for the _d_.

Min-ne-ta-re, or Gros ventre Language

American, man-ce-ech-te-et--_big knife_

British, bo-she-it-to-†chre-shu-pe-sha--_the men who bring

black cloth_

French, bo-she

Spaniard, was-she-o-man-ti-qua

Crow Indians, par-is-ca-oh-panga--_the crow people_

Crow Indians, another band, ehha-tza--_the people of leaves_

Snake Indians, ma-buc-sho-roch-pan-ga

Flat-headed Indians, a-too-ha-pe

Pierced-nose Indians, a-pa-o-pa

Black foot Indians, it-ze-su-pe-sha

Gros ventre of the Fort prairie, a band of Black feet,

a-re-tear-opan-ga

Assinniboin Indians, e-tans-kepa-se-ta-qua

Shienne Indians, a-was-she-tanqua, or it-anse-po-‡je

Sauteur Indians, ha-hat-tong

Mandan Indians, a-rach-bo-cu

Rickaree Indians, a-rick-a-ra-one

Sioux Indians, it-ans-ke

Pawnee Loups Indians, sa-‡jer-opan-ga

Les Noire Indians, at-te-shu-pesha-loh-pan-ga

The Red Shield Chief, one of the principal chiefs,

e-tam-ina-gehiss-sha

The Borgne or One Eye, grand chief, a remarkable man, he was

killed by the Red Shield, a few years since, ka-ko-a-kis

{lxxxv} Missouri river, amanti-a-‡je--_the river that carries

canoes_

Little Missouri river, a-manti-ca-‡ja--_the river that carries

little canoes_

Yellow Stone River, mit-ze-re-a-‡je--_the river of yellow rocks_

Physician, mat-za-ma-ho-pa

Village, a-ma-teh

Prairie, a-mon-su-ket

Eagle, ich-pro-hich

Arrow point, e-tah-e

Tomahawk, weep-sa-lan-ga

Green, †hau-te-ge

Emasculation, an-ju-ca-da-‡jus

Little wolf, bot-sas

Blanket, wash-a-echre-o-tucke

Mountain, avo-ca-ve

Kill, ta-ha

Die, tas

Scalp, a-ram-pa-tsak-ke

He or she, ne

Bison cow, me-te-ya

A thick forest of small trees, be-ra-she-e-pe

Run, te-re-a

Leap, te-chre

Fight, re-ke

Eat, ma-rou-ta

Drink, be-de-he

Steal, ma-a-shan-re

Talk, de-da

Mockasin, o-pah

Gunpowder, mer-e-ze-ba

Nineteen, a-pe-no-was-sap-pa

Twenty, no-o-pah-pe-ra-gas

Thirty, na-me-a-pe-ra-gas

Forty, to-pah-a-pe-ra-gas

One hundred, pe-ra-gas-ich-te-et

One thousand, pe-re-gas-ich-te-et-a-cah-co-re

Paw-ne Language

Grand Pawnees, tcha-we

Loups or Pawneeomawhaws, ske-re

Pawnee Republicans, ze-ka-ka or ket-ka-kesh

Tappage band, pe-tou-we-ra

Not, buj‡-‡je

Tool Robe, (the republican grand chief), sha-re-a-deeksh-taw-we

Thirteen, tou-wet-lok-she-re

Fourteen, lah-ko-ke-ta

Fifteen, she-oksh-ta-ro-ke-ta

Sixteen, shrou-we-o

Seventeen, tou-wet-ka-ke, (twenty less three)

Eighteen, pet-ko-ka-ke, (twenty less two)

Nineteen, as-ko-ka-ke, (twenty less one)

Twenty, pe-tou-o

Twenty-one, petouo-as-ko

Thirty, luk-she-re-we-tou-o

Thirty-one, luksherewetouo-as-ko

Forty, pet-ko-sho-o-ra-ro

Forty-one, petkoshooraro-as-ko

Fifty, petkoshoorarolokshere

Sixty, tou-wet-ra-ro

Seventy, touwetrarolokshere

Seventy-one, touwetrarolokshere askolokshere

Eighty, shke-tiksh-ta-ro

Eighty-one, shketikshtaroasko

Ninety, shketikshtarolokshere

Ninety-one, shketikshtaroaskolokshere

One hundred, she-koksh-ta-ro

One thousand, petkoshoorarolokshere-tsa-e-ksh

The name of one individual of the Pawnee Loups is "The maker of

God."

{lxxxvi} _The two following Vocabularies were taken down by Major Long

during his tour on the upper Mississippi in the year 1817_

=================+=====================+===========================

| Winnebago, Puant, | Naudowessies of Carver

| or Nippegon | and Hennepin

-----------------|---------------------|---------------------------

Arm | ar-dah | ish-to

Axe | mahs | ontz-pa

Arrow | mah | wah-hen-te-pa

American or } | mah-ek-ha-te | is-son-tah-kah

Long knife } | |

Brother | sunk-ha-deh | me-son-kah

Beads | wy-a-per-ris-sipe | we-o-ke-a-tah

Bread | wice-kap | ah-ho-e-a-pe

Beaver | nah-a-pah | schah-pah

Bear | ontsh | wah-hank-ce-chah

Brass or copper | mahn-se | mahnz-a-ze

Chief | ongk-pe | wich-ash-tah-yah-top-pe--

| | _good chief_

Canoe or boat | wach | wah-ta

Cards, playing | pek | pek

Child | no-go-nek | oke-che-o-pah

Dead | ah-no | kthah

Deer | tchah | tah-ken-shah

Dog | shonk | shonk-ah

Elk | | o-pangh

Elbow | eye-shou-uck | ish-pah

Eyes | shtas-so | ish-tah

Ears | nahnt-shou-ah | nokh-ra

Feet | se | se-hah

Fingers | na-ap | no-pa-to-ka-hah

Fox | cha-ontz-sin-cer-et | shonk-gre-dah

Fire | pyche | pa-tah

Father | cha-che | ah-ta

Face | | e-ta

Good | a-pe-no | wash-ta

Garter | o-a-kish-ke | wash-kin-chah-ha

Gun | ish-ok | mahs-ak-khan

Ground | mak-kah | mah-koh-cha

Green | mah-nech-o | tah-ko-te

Grass | khah-weh | pa-zhe

Hands | nah-pur | no-pa

Head | nahs-so | Fak-e

Heart | nach-keh | chan-ta

House or lodge | tche | te-pe

Horse | shonk-hat-ta | shonk-a-wak-kungh

Island | wich | we-tah

Iron | mahs-ish-ah | mahnz-ah

{lxxxvii} Indian | wank-shich | ik-e-cha-wich-ash-ta

Knife | mah-he | es-sanh

Lead | ish-o-co-mah | mahnz-as-so

Legs | o-rah | ho

Louse | ha-dah | hah-yur

Maize | wa-cho-as | wah-me-nah-zah

Man | wank-she-grah | wich-ash-tah

Mother | nah-ne | e-nah

Musket | shou-uck | sin-te-pah

Meat | tchack | tun-do

Meal | wois-top | ah-ho-e-ap-pe

Mockasin | wa-co-cheh | ham-pah

Moon | hah-heh-we | we?

Mouth | e | e?

Mosquetto | nah-wonk | chah-pon-gah

No, or nothing | chonch-que-ne-no | he-yah

Nose | pah | pagh-ra

Oar, or paddle | nash-uck | wa-me-nah-he-chah

Old | ah-chin-shun | wich-a-hin-chah, _old man_

Otter | to-shen-uk | ptungh

Owl | wahk-cheh-he | e-angh-kah-hah

Powder | ok-hun-ne | chah-hun-de

Pond or lake | tah-hat-ta | min-da, or tong-gah

Porcupine | wah-hane |

Pipe | tah-ne-ho | chan-do-o-pah

Road | nak-koh | chang-ko

River | ne-shan-nuk | wah-te-pah

Red | was-seh | shah

Sister | nok-ach-ap-pe-tah | tunk-she

Silver | sho-de-ah | manz-as-kah

Squaw | he-no-ko-tah | win-o-khe-jah

Sun | we-dah | we?

Star | kah-dach-o | wich-anck-pe

Thunder | wah-kon-jah | wak-ke-ah

Tree | nah-nah | chah

Town or village | mah-ket-te-che-nuk | ah-tong-wa

Tobacco | tah-ne-nah | chan-de

Teeth | he | e?

Universe | han-najh-pe | ah-was-se

Wax | i-sic-we-ke-ne-chah | tok-mah-hah-ses-sen-de

White | skah | skah

Water | ne-nah, or neh | men-neh

You | ne-eh | ne-ya

{lxxxviii} Yes | on-chah | hah

One | jhing-ke-de | wan-chah

Two | nope | nom-pah

Three | tah-ne | yah-men-ne

Four | chope | toh-o-pah

Five | sach | sah-pe-tah

Six | kuh-we | shahk-pe

Seven | sha-ko | shahk-o-win

Eight | no-wunk | shah-hun-da-hah

Nine | jhink-ich-os-co-ne | nop-cheh-wunk-kah

Ten | kher-a-pun | we-ke-cha-me-nah

Eleven | jhink-he-ra-sho-ne | ak-ka-wun-ghe

Twelve | nope-ash-o-ne | ak-ka-nume

Transcriber's Notes:

Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors were

silently corrected.

Anachronistic and non-standard spellings retained as printed.

Italics markup is enclosed in _underscores_.

End of Project Gutenberg's Early Western Travels 1748-1846, v. 17, by Various

=====+=======+====================================+=======================+