_a._ Sovereigns or princes of sovereign houses.[13] Use the English
form of the name except for Greeks and Romans. {21}
_b._ Persons canonized.
_Ex._ «Thomas» [«a Becket»], _Saint_.
_c._ Friars who by the constitution of their order drop their surname.
Add the name of the family in parentheses and refer from it.
_Ex._ «Paolino da S. Bartolomeo» [J. P. «Wesdin»].
_d._ Persons known under their first name only, whether or not they add
that of their native place or profession or rank.
_Ex._ «Paulus» _Diaconus_, «Thomas» _Heisterbacensis_.
Similarly are to be treated a few persons known almost entirely by the
forename, as «Michelangelo Buonarroti», «Raffaello Santi» (refer from
«Raphael»), «Rembrandt van Rhijn». Refer always from the family name.
_e._ Oriental authors, including Jewish rabbis whose works were
published before 1700.
_Ex._ «Abu Bakr ibn Badr.» This rule has exceptions. Some Oriental
writers are known and should be entered under other parts of their
name than the first, as “«Abu-l-Kasim», Khalaf ibn Abbas,” or under
some appellation as “al-«Masudi»,” “at-«Tabari».” Grässe’s “Lehrbuch
einer allgemeinen Literärgeschichte” is a convenient guide in this
matter; he prints that part of the name by which Arabic writers are
commonly known in a heavier type than the rest.
In Arabic names the words of relationship Abu (father), Umm (mother),
Ibn, Bin (son), Ahu (brother), though not to be treated as names
by themselves, are yet not to be disregarded, as proposed by Dr.
Dziatzko. They form a name in conjunction with the word following (_e.
g._, «Abu Bakr») and determine the alphabetical place of the entry.
But the article al (changed by assonance to ad-, ar-, as-, at-, az-,
according to the letter it precedes) is neglected (al-«Masudi»).
In all Oriental names the cataloguer must be careful not to take
titles, as Emir, Bey, Pasha, Sri, Babu, Pundit, for names.
In regard to East Indian names, Dr. Feigl (Centralbl. f. Bibl., 4:
120) gives the rule: If there are two names, enter under the first,
which is the individual name, with a reference from the second; if
there are three, enter under the third, which is the family name, with
a reference under the second.
[note] 13. This must include Popes even before the acquisition and
after the loss of the temporal power.
The direction “Use the English form of the name” was a concession to
ignorance; when it was given, that form was almost alone employed in
English books; since then the tone of literature has changed; the
desire for local coloring has led to the use of foreign forms, and we
have become familiarized with Louis, Henri, Marguerite, Carlos, Karl,
Wilhelm, Gustaf. If the present tendency continues we shall be able to
treat princes’ names like any other foreign names; perhaps the next
generation of cataloguers will no more tolerate the headings «William»
_Emperor of Germany_, «Lewis» XIV than they will tolerate «Virgil»,
«Horace», «Pliny». The change, to be sure, would give rise to some
difficult questions of nationality, but it would diminish the number
of the titles now accumulated under the more common royal names.[/note]