Sorful, _adj._ S. sorrowful, 151, 2541.
Sori, _adj._ S. sorrowful, 151, 477.
Soth, Sothe, _n._ S. truth, 36, 647, 2008, &c.
Soþlike, _adv._ S. truly, 276.
Soupe, _v._ Fr. to sup, 1766.
Southe, _pa. t._ S. sought, 1085.
Sowe, Sowen. _See_ Se.
Sowel, _n._ victuals, 767, 1143, 2905. Properly, anything eaten with
bread as a relish. See _Sool_ in Halliwell. Dan. _suul_.
Span-newe, _adj._ quite new, 968. This is the earliest instance on
record of the use of this word. For its disputed etymology see Jam.,
Nares, Todd's Johns., and Thoms. Etymons; but especially Wedgwood's
Etym. Dict. _Span_ = chip; _Span-new_, chip-new. A.S. _spón_. It occurs
in Chauc. Troil. iii. 1671.
Sparkede, _pa. t._ S. sparkled, 2144.
Spede, _v._ S. to speed, prosper, 1634.
Speke, _n._ S. speech, 946.
Speke, Speken, _v._ S. to speak, 326, 369, 548, 1070, &c. _Spak_, _pa.
t._ spoke, 2389, 2968. _Speken_, _part. pa._ spoken, 2369.
Spelle, _n._ S. story, relation, 338. K. Horn, 951.
Spelle, _v._ S. to relate, tell forth, 15, 2530.
Spen _for_ Spent, 1819.
Sperd, Sperde, _part. pa._ S. barred, bolted, 414, 448. Still common in
the North. V. Brockett.
Spille, _v._ S. to perish, 2422. _Of limes spille_, 86, suffer the loss
of limbs. K. Horn, 202. Web., Chauc.
Spired, _part. pa._ S. speered, inquired, 2620. V. Jam. in v.
Spore, _n._ S. spur, 2569.
Sprauleden, _pa. t. pl._ S. sprawled, 475.
Sprong, _pa. t._ S. sprung, 959. _See_ the Note. _Sprongen_, 869.
_Sprungen_, _part. pa._ risen, 1131.
Sprote, _n._ S. sprout, 1142. A.S. _sprote_, a sprig, sprout.
Spuse, Spusen, _v._ S. to espouse, marry, 1123, 1170, 2875. _Spusede_,
_pa. t. pl._ espoused, 2887. _Spused_, _part. pa._ 1175, 2928. _Spuset_,
1266.
Spusing, _n._ S. espousals, marriage, 1164, 1177, 2886.
Stac, _n._ S. 814. [This I believe to mean simply a stack, or heap, like
the Dan. _stak_, Sw. _stack_. I add Sir F. Madden's note in the edition
of 1828.] A stack, or, more properly, _stick_ of fish, a term applied to
eels when strung on a row, 'sic dicta, quod trajecta vimine (quod _stic_
dicimus) connectebantur.' _Spelm._ A _stica_ consisted of 25 eels, and
10 _Sticæ_ made a _Binde_. Glanv. lib. 2, c. 9.
Stalworþi, Stalworþe, Stalwrthe, adj. S. strong, valiant, courageous,
24, 904, 1027, &c. _Stalworþeste_, _sup._ 25.
Stan-ded, _adj._ S. dead as a stone, completely dead, 1815. _Stille als
a ston_, 928. Cf. K. of Tars, 549; Erle of Tol. 754; Launfal, 357. _See_
Gl. to _Partenay_.
Star, _n._ Icel. a species of sedge, 939. Icel. _stör_; Sw. _starr_;
Dan. _stær_. _See_ the Note.
Stareden, _pt. t. pl._ 1037. _Probably miswritten for_ Stradden,
contended. Cf. Su.-Goth. and Sw. _strida_, to contend.
Starinde, _part. pr._ staring, 508.
Stark, _adj._ S. stiff, stout, strong, 341, 380, 608, &c. V. Jam. in v.
Stede, _n._ S. steed, horse, 10, &c.
Stede, _n._ S. place, 142, 744. _Stedes_, _pl._ 1846.
Stem, _n._ S. a ray of light, beam, 591. It is equivalent to _Glem_,
l. 2122.
Therewith he blinded them so close,
A _stime_ they could not see.
_R. Hood_, i. 112.
Cf. Brockett's Gl. in v. _Stime_.
Sternes, _n. pl._ stars, 1809. _Ageyn þe sternes_ = exposed to the sky,
or to the open air.
Stert, _n._ S. leap, 1873. Chaucer has _at a stert_ for immediately,
C. T. 1707.
Stert, _n._ S. [_steort_, cauda] tail, 2323. _Start_ is still retained
in the North.
Steuene, _n._ S. voice, 1275.
Sti, _n._ S. road, way, 2618. Sir Tr. p. 192; Yw. and Gaw. 599; Emare,
196; Sevyn Sages, 712; R. Br. Chaucer uses _stile_ in the same sense,
C. T. 12628, and Minot, p. 5, in both which passages the respective
Editors have made the same mistake in explaining it. [Cf. G. _steg_, a
pass.]
Stille, _adj._ S. quiet, 955, 2309.
Stille, _adv._ S. in a low voice, secretly, 2997. Sir Tr. p. 55;
K. Horn, 315.
Stirt, Stirte, _pa. t._ S. started, leaped, 398, 566, 873, 1049, &c.
_Stirte_, _Stirten_, _pa. t. pl._ started, hurried, 599, 1964, 2609.
Derived by Skinner from S. _astirian_, movere, by Jam. from Teut.
_steerten_, volare. _See_ Astirte. Cf. G. _stürzen_; and see _Start_ in
Wedgwood.
Stith, _n._ S. anvil, 1877. Chauc. Still provincial. V. Moore, and
Brockett.
Stiward, _n._ S. steward, 666.
Stonden, _n._ S. to stand, 689. _Stondes_, _pr. t. 3 p._ standeth,
stands, 2240, 2983. _Stod_, _pa. t._ stood, 591, 679. _Stoden_, _pa. t.
pl._ 1037.
Stor, _adj._ S. hardy, stout, 2383. La[gh]am. l. 9126; Yw. and Gaw.
1297; Chron. of Engl. 464; Sq. of Lowe D. 658; Ly Beaus Desc. 1766.
_Steir_, _Sture_, Sc. ap. Jam. Cf. Sw. _stor_.
Stra, _n._ S. straw, 315, 466. A.S. _streow_, _streaw_. Cf. Strie.
Strenes, _pr. t. 3 p._ S. begets, 2983. From _streónan_, gignere. Cf.
K. Alisaund. 7057.
Strie, _n._ a straw, 998. _See_ Stra.
Strout, _n._ dispute, contention, 1039. Cf. A.S. _strúdan_, and
_Strother_ in Atkinson's Cleveland Glossary.
Stroute, _v._ S. to make a disturbance, 1779. Bosworth explains A.S.
_strúdan_, _strútian_, as having originally the sense to bustle about.
Stunde, _n._ S. short space of time, 2614. V. Gl. to R. Glouc. _See_
Vmbestonde.
Sturgiun, Sturgun, _n._ sturgeon, 753, 1727. Cf. Sw. _stör_, Dan.
_stör_.
Suere, Suereth. _See_ Sweren.
Suete, _adj._ S. sweet, 1388. Cf. l. 2927.
Sueyn, Sweyn, _n._ S. swain, villain, 343, 1328, &c. _Sweynes_, _pl._
371, 2195. It is generally used in opposition to _knight_.
Svich, _adj._ S. such, 60.
Suilk, _adj._ such (things), 644. _See_ Swilk.
Sule. _See_ Shol.
Sumdel. _See_ Somdel.
Sunne-bem, _n._ S. sun-beam, 592, 2123.
Swerd, _n._ S. sword, 1759, &c. _Swerdes_, _pl._ 1769, 2659.
Sweren, _v._ S. to swear, 494. _Suereth_, _pr. t. s._ swear, 647.
_Swor_, _pa. t._ swore, 398, 2367. _Suere_, _pr. subj. 2 p. s._ 388.
Swike, _n._ S. deceiver, traitor, 423, 551, 626, 1158, 2401, 2451, &c.
_Swikes_, _pl._ 2834, 2990. La[gh]am. l. 12942; R. Gl. p. 105.
Swikel, _adj._ S. deceitful, 1108.
For alle þine witien
Beoð swiðe _swikele_.
_La[gh]am._ l. 15848.
Hoe beth of _swikele_ kunne
Ther mide the witherwinne.
_The sawe of Seint Bede_, MS. Digb. 86.
He was _suikel_, fals, ant fel.
_Chron. of Engl._ 791.
Swilen, _v._ S. [_swilian_, Ps. vi. 6] to wash, 919. It occurs also in
Rob. of Brunne's _Handling Sinne_, l. 5828. Still provincial.
Swilk, _adj._ S. such, 1118, 1625, 2123, 2684, 2783. _Suilk_, 644.
Swinge, _v._ S. to beat, chastise (used _passively_), 214. _Swngen_,
_part. pa._ beaten, 226. La[gh]am. l. 21070. So in _Syr Bevys_, C. ii.
All at ones on him they _swonge_. In the North the verb retains the same
meaning; v. Brockett.
Swink, _n._ S. labour, 770, 801, 2456.
Swinken, _v._ S. to labour, 798. _Swank_, _pa. t._ laboured, 788.
Swire, _n._ S. neck, 311. Formerly in universal use, and still preserved
in the provinces.
Swiþe, Swyþe, _adv._ S. very, exceedingly, 110, 217, 341. Quickly, 140,
682, 690; _ful swithe_, 2436, appears a pleonasm. _Swithe forth and
rathe_, quickly forth, and soon, 2594.
Swot, _n._ S. sweat, perspiration, 2662. The word has the same meaning
in Cædmon, f. 24, ed. Thorpe, p. 31, l. 8, which seems to contradict Mr
Price's assertion to the contrary, in Warton's Hist. Engl. Poetr.
p. lxxi., ed. 1840.
Swngen. _See_ Swinge.
Syre. _See_ Sire.
Syþe, Syþes. _See_ Siþe.
Syþe, _n._ S. scythe, 2553, 2699.
Tabour, _n._ Fr. tabor, 2329.
Tale, _n._ S. number, 2026.
Taleuaces, _n. pl._ Fr. large shields, 2323. _See_ the Note on l. 2320.
Tarst (_so in_ MS.), 2688; almost certainly an error for _faste_, which
appears in the next line. Also, the movements of Godard are compared to
the course of lightning.
Tauhte, _pt. s._ committed, 2214, probably an error for _bitauhte_.
_See_ Bitaken.
Tel, _n._ S. deceit, reproach, 191, 2219. A.S. _tálu_.
Telle, _v._ S. to count, number, 2615. _Told_, _part. pa._ numbered,
esteemed, 1036.
Tene, _n._ S. grief, affliction, 729.
Tere, _v._ S. to tar (used passively), 707.
Teth, _n. pl._ S. teeth, 2406.
Teyte, _adj._ S. 1841, 2331. [Explained "lively" by Coleridge,
Stratmann, and Morris, as if from Icel. _teitr_, hilaris. This I believe
to be completely wrong. The word occurs in Allit. Poems, ed. Morris, B.
871, with reference to _tight_ lasses, and in l. 1841 of Havelok we have
a reference to _tight_ lads. In l. 2331 it may also mean _flawless_,
staunch. "_Theet_, _adj._ water-tight. O.N. _þiettr_ or _þéttr_, densus,
solidus. O.Sw. _thæter_, Sw. Dial, _tjett_ or _tjætt_, Dan. _tætt_,
Germ. _dicht_. Ihre gives . . . . _ett tätt fat_, a flawless vessel.
'_Thyht_, hool fro brekynge, not brokyn. _Integer_, _solidus_. Prompt.
Parv.'" Atkinson's Glossary of the Cleveland dialect.] [_Teyte_ may mean
_lively_. My explanation is not generally accepted.]
Þa, _written for_ þat, 175.
Þan, Þanne, _adv._ S. then, 51, 1044, &c.; when, 226, 248, _et sæpius_;
than if (_quàm_), 944, 1867.
Þar, _adv._ where (?) 130. _See_ the Note; and cf. _Þer_.
Þare, _adv._ S. there, 2481, 2739. Cf. þer, þore.
Þarne, _v._ to lose, be deprived of, 2492, 2835. _Þarnes_, _pr. t._
wants, is deprived of, 1913. _Þarned the ded_, 1687; [clearly miswritten
for _þoled þe ded_, suffered death. The scribe was thinking of _þarned
þe lif_; cf. l. 2492.] The verb only exists in the Sax. in the pt. t.
_þærnode_, Chron. Sax. p. 222, ed. Gibs., which is derived by Lye from
the Cimbr. _At thuerna_, or _thorna_, diminui, privari. V. Hickes Thes.
I. p. 152. [I.e. it is from the root of the Sw. _tarfva_, Icel.
_thurfa_, Goth. _thaurban_, with the _f_ dropped, and with the addition
of the _passive_ or _neuter_ infinitive-ending denoted by _-ne_, like
_-na_ in Sw., _-nan_ in M[oe]so-Gothic. See _þarrnenn_ in Gl. to
Ormulum.]
Þas, _read_ Was, 1129. [As þ at the beginning of a word is never put for
_t_, it is not = Sc. _tas_, takes, as some have suggested.]
Þaue, v. S. [_þafian_] to grant, 296; bear, sustain, 2696. Ormulum,
5457.
Thayn, _n._ S. nobleman, 2184. _Thein_, 2466. _Thaynes_, _pl._ 2260.
_Theynes_, 2194. _See_ Kayn.
Þe, _n._ S. thigh, 1950. _Þhe_, 1984. _Þes_, _pl._ 1903. _Þhes_, 2289.
Þe, _adv._ S. (_written for_ þer), there, 142, 476, 863, 933. _Þe with_,
therewith, 639. _See_ Þer.
Þe, _conj._ S. though, 1682. _Þei_, 1966. _Þey_, 807, 992, 1165, 2501.
_See_ Þou.
Þede, _n._ S. country, dwelling, 105; place, 2890. Web., Le Bone Flor.
246. R. Br. p. 18. V. Jam.
Þef, _n._ S. thief, 2434. _Þeues_, _pl._ 1780.
Þei, _pron._ S. they, 1020, 1195, &c.
Þei, Þey, _conj._ though. _See_ Þe.
Þenke, _pr. subj._ S. think, 2394. _Þenkeste_, _pr. t. 2 p._ thinkest
thou, 578.
Þenne, _adv._ S. thence, 1185. [Perhaps in l. 777, we should put the
comma after _þenne_; "when he came thence," &c.]
Þer, _adv._ S. where, 318, 448, &c.; there, _passim_; the place whence,
1740. _Þerinne_, therein, 535, &c. _Þerhinne_, 322. _Þerof_, _Þeroffe_,
thereof, 372, 466, 1068, &c. _Þerþoru_, by that means, 1098. _Þertil_,
_Þerto_, thereto, 396, 1041, 1045. _Þerwit_, _Þerwith_, therewith, 1031,
1046. _See_ Þe, Þore.
Þere, _pron._ S. their, 1350.
Þerl _for_ Þe erl, the earl, 178.
Þertekene, 2878. [Coleridge's Glossarial Index has "Thertekene = mark
thereto. A.S. _tácnian_." But this is a very awkward phrase, and I
should prefer to suppose _þer-tekene_ = by the token, i.e. in token.
_Tekene_ answers to the Sw. _tecken_, a token; and _þer_ is found as a
prefix in _P. Plowman_ in the phr. _þer-while_ = _þe while_, i.e. in the
time that. The only difficulty is that _þer_ is properly feminine (A.S.
_þære_), whilst _tecken_ in Sw. and _tácen_ in A.S. are neuter. _In
tokne_ (= in token) occurs in Shoreham's poems, ed. Wright, 131.]
Þet, _conj._ S. that (_quòd_), 330.
Þet, _pron._ S. that, 879.
Þeþe, Þeþen, _adv._ S. thence, 2498, 2629.
Þeu, Þewe, _n._ S. in a servile condition or station, 262, 2205. R. Gl.
Þewes, _n. pl._ S. manners, 282. La[gh]am., Rits. M. R., Web.,
P. Plowm., Chauc., Gl. Lynds., Percy, A. R.
Þi. _See_ Forþi.
Þi _for_ Þy, thy, 2725.
Þider, _adv._ S. thither, 850, 1012, 1021, &c.
Þigge, v. S. [_þicgan_] to beg, 1373. This word is chiefly preserved in
the Sc. writers. Wall. ii. 259; Doug. Virg. 182, 37; Evergreen, ii. 199;
Bannatyne Poems, p. 120, V. Jam. in v., who derives it from Su.-G.
_tigga_, Alem. _thigen_, petere. [See _tigga_ in Ihre. "Thyggynge or
beggynge, _Mendicacio_." Prompt. Parv.]
Þis _for_ þise, these, 1145.
Þisternesse, _n._ S. darkness, 2191.
Dalden from þan fihte
Al bi _þustere_ nihte.
_La[gh]am._ l. 7567; cf. _Gen. and Ex._, 58.
Thit, _pp._ 2990. [The rime shews that the _i_ is long; and, whether the
_th_ is sounded like _t_, or (which is more likely) the word should have
been written _tiht_ or _tith_, we may be tolerably confident that it
is equivalent to the O.E. _tight_ or _ti[gh]t_, a pp. signifying
_intended_, _purposed_, _designed_, which is the exact sense here
required. Stratmann gives five instances of it, of which one is-- "To
brewe the Crystene mennys banys Hy hadden _tyght_;" Octovian, 1476.]
Þo, _pron._ S. those, 1918, 2044.
Þo, _pron._ thou. _See_ Þu.
Þo, _adv._ S. then, 930; when, 1047. _Thow_, 1669.
Þore, _adv._ S. there, 741, 922, 1014, &c. _Þortil_, thereto, 1443.
_Þorwit_, therewith, 100. _See_ Þe, Þer.
Þoru, _adv._ S. through, 627, 774, 848, &c. _Þoruth_, 1065, 2786.
_Þorw_, 264, 367, 2646. _Þuruth_, 52.
Þoruthlike, _adv._ S. throughly, 680.
Þou, _conj._ S. though, 124, 299, &c. _Þo_, 1020. _See_ Þe.
Þoucte, _pa. t._ S. thought, 504, 507, &c. _Þouthte_, 1073. _Þowthe_,
1869. _Þouthe_, 1166. _Þat god thoucte_, 256, that seemed good. Cf. Sir
Tr. pp. 30, 36. And so in MS. Vernon, Bodl.
Riche metes was forth brouht
To all men _that gode thouht_.
_Disp. betw. a Crystene mon and a Jew_, f. 301.
[Or, if we read "þat god _him_ þoucte," this would mean "that seemed
good _to him_;" cf. l. 197.]
Þouth, _n._ S. thought, 122, 1190.
Þral, _n._ S. slave, villain, 527, 684, 1097, 1158, 2564, 2589. In an
opprobious sense, 1408. Sir Tr. p. 175.
Þrawe, _n._ S. space of time, moment, 276, 1215. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob.
Br., Doug. Virg. _Þrow_, Chauc., Gower, &c.
Þredde, Þridde, _adj._ S. third, 867, 2633.
Þrette, _pa. t._ S. threatened, 1163.
Þrie, 730. [In the former edition it is glossed "trouble, affliction;
apparently the same as _Tray_ or _Treye_;" cf. A.S. _tréga_. But this
renders the construction difficult, nor is it clear that _treye_ and
_þrie_ can be identified. Without doubt, the usual meaning of _þrie_ is
_thrice_, which is easily construed, only it remains to be shewn why
_thrice_ should be introduced; unless perhaps it signifies _in a
threefold degree._]
Þrinne, _num._ S. three, 716, 761, 1977, 2091.
Þrist, Þristen, _v._ S. to thrust, 1152, 2019, 2725. _Þrist_, _part.
pa._ thrust, 638.
Þu, _pron._ S. thou, 527, &c. _Þou_, 527, &c. _Þo_, 388. _Þw_ (_read_
þat þw _instead of_ þw that?), 1316. _Tow_, 1322. _Tu_, 2903. It is
often joined to the verb which precedes, as _Shaltow_, _Wiltu_, &c. The
_gen._ is _þin_, 1128; the _acc._ is _þe_, 529.
Þurte, _pt. t. s._ need, might, 10. [It answers to the A.S. _þurfan_,
_pt. t._ _ic þorfte_, Icel. _þurfa_, _pt. t._ _þurfti_, M[oe]so-Goth.
_þaurban_, _pt. t._ _þaurfta_. _See_ Ormulum, l. 16164, and Sir F.
Madden's note to _þort_ in Gl. to _Will. of Palerne_.]
Þuruth. _See_ Þoru.