_Yw. and Gaw._ 737.
Lenge, _n._ the fish called _ling_, 832. [_Asellus longus_, or
_Islandicus_, Ray.] It was a common dish formerly. Thus we have _Lynge
in jelly_, in Archb. Nevil's Feast, 6 Edw. IV., and _Lyng in foyle_, in
Warham's Feast, 1504. _See_ Pegge's _Form of Cury_, p. 177, 184, and MS.
Sloane, 1986.
Lenge, _v._ S. to prolong, 1734, 2363. P. Plowm.
Leoun, _n._ Lat. lion, 573. _Leun_, 1867.
Lepe, _v._ S. escape from (?) 2009. _Loupe_, to leap, 1801. _Lep_, _pa.
t._ leapt, 891, 1777, 1942. _Lopen_, _pa. t. pl._ 1896, 2616.
Lere, Leren, _v._ S. to learn, 797, 823; to teach, 2592. _Y-lere_, 12.
Lese, v. S. _imp. s. 3 p._ loose, 333. Sir Tr. p. 110.
Leth. _See_ Late.
Lette, _v._ S. [_l[´æ]tan_, _lettan_] to hinder, retard, 1164, 2253,
2819; to stop, cease, 2445, 2627. _Let_, _pa. t._ stopped, stayed, 2447,
2500. _Leten_, _pa. t. pl._ stopped, delayed, 2379.
Leue, _n._ S. leave, 1387, 1626, 2952, &c.
Leue, _adj._ _See_ Lef.
Leue, _v._ S. [_lýfan_] _imp. s._ grant, 334, 406, 2807. K. Horn, 465,
MS.; R. Gl., Erle of Tol. 365. Guy of Warw. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2,
p. 77, where it is misprinted _lene_. It is very frequently used in the
old Engl. Metrical Lives of the Saints, MS. Laud, 108. [The true
distinction between _leue_ and _lene_ is, that the former is the A.S.
_lýfan_, G. _erlauben_ = grant in the sense of _allow_, _permit_, and is
invariably intransitive; whilst _lene_ is the A.S. _lænan_, G. _leihen_
= grant in the sense of _give_. The confusion between the senses of
_grant_ has led to confusion between _lene_ and _leue_, and in at least
five passages of Chaucer (C. T. 7226, 13613; Tro. ii. 1212, iii. 56,
v. 1749, ed. Tyrwhitt) many editions wrongly have _lene_. In the last
three instances Tyrwhitt rightly prints _leve_, but unnecessarily
corrects himself in his Glossary. I regret to add that I have thrice
made a similar mistake. In Piers Plowman, A. v. 263, and in Pierce the
Ploughman's Crede, ll. 366 and 573, for _lene_ read _leue_. Halliwell's
remark, that "the [former] editor of Havelok absurdly prints _leue_" is
founded upon the same misconception, and he is wrong in his censure.
_See_ the use of _lefe_ in the Ormulum, ed. White.]
Leued, _pa. t._ S. left, 225.
Leuedi, _n._ S. lady, 171, &c. _Leuedyes_, _pl._ 239. V. Hickes, Diss.
Ep. p. 52, n.
Leuere. _See_ Lef.
Leues, _pr. t. 3 p._ S. believes, 1781, 2105. From _lefan_.
Leuin, _n._ S. lightning, 2690. R. Br. p. 174. Yw. and Gaw. Chauc. C. T.
5858. Doug. Virg. 200, 53.
Lewe, _adj._ S. warm, 498, 2921.
A opened wes his breoste,
þa blod com forð _luke._
_La[gh]am._ l. 27556.
Leyd, Leyde. _See_ Leyn.
Leye, _n._ S. lie, falsehood, 2117.
Leve, _v._ S. to lie, speak false, 2010.
Leyke, Leyken. _See_ Layke.
Leyk, _n._ S. game, 1021, 2326. So in Beowulf, l. 2084, _sweorda-gelác_,
and Sir Tr. p. 118, _love-laike_. In the pl. _laykes_, Minot, p. 10. In
Lanc. a player is still called a _laker_.
Leyn, _v._ S. to lay, 718. _Leyde_, _pa. t._ laid, 50, 994, &c.;
stopped, 229. _Leidest_, _pa. t. 2 p._ laidest, 636. _Leyden_, _pa. t.
pl._ laid, 1907. _Leyd_, _part. pa._ laid, 1689, 1722, 2839.
Lich, _adj._ like, 2155.
Lict, Lith, _n._ S. light, 534, 576, 588, &c.
Lift, _adj._ S. left (_lævus_), 2130.
Ligge, Liggen, _v._ S. to lie down, 802, 876, 882, 1374. _See_ Lyen.
Lime, Limes. _See_ Leme.
Lite, _adj._ S. little, 276, 1730. _Litel_, 1858, &c. _Litle_, 2014.
Lith. _See_ Lict.
Lith, _imp._ S. light (thou), 585.
Lith, _adv._ S. lightly, 1942.
Lith, _n._ S. alleviation, comfort, peace, 1338. _Lyþe_, 147. It also
occurs as a sb. in La[gh]am. l. 5213. As an adj. it occurs in La[gh]am.
l. 7242. Sir Tr. p. 43, 82. R. C[oe]ur de L. 2480, and Emare, 348, from
the v. _líðian_, alleviare. Cf. Icel. _lið_, sometimes used to mean
_help_. See _Leathe_ in Atkinson's Cleveland Glossary.
Lith, _n._ S. 2515. This word is explained by Ritson _plains_, by Hearne
_tenements_, and by Jamieson a _ridge_ or _ascent_. Its real
signification seems unknown, but may be conjectured from the following
passages.
No asked he lond no _lithe_.
_Sir Tristr._ p. 101.
Ther wille not be went, ne lete ther lond ne _lith_.
_R. Brunne_, p. 194.
where it answers to the Fr. Ne volent lesser tere ne _tenement_.
Who schall us now geve londes or _lythe_.
_Le Bone Flor._ 841.
Here I gif Schir Galeron, quod Gaynour, withouten ony gile,
Al the londis and the _lithis_ fro laver to layre.
_Sir Gaw. and Sir Gal._ ii. 27.
[_See_ Glossary to _William of Palerne_, s.v. _Lud._]
Lithes, _n. pl._ S. the extreme points of the toes, or articulations,
2163. _Fingres lith_, extremum digiti, Luc. 16, 24.
Liþes, _imp. pl._ S. listen, 1400, 2204. _Lyþes_, 2576. The verb in the
Sax. is _hlystan_, but in Su.-G. _lyda_, and Isl. _hlyda_, which
approaches nearer to the form in the poem. So also in K. Horn, 2, _wilen
lithe_, MS.; R. Br. p. 93; R. Hood, i. p. 2; Minot, p. 1. Still used in
Sc. and N.E. V. Jam. and Brockett.
Littene, _part. pa._ [or _inf._?] 2701. "_Qu._ cut in pieces, from the
same root as to _lith_, divide the joints. V. Jam. Suppl." --M. [Or it
may mean disgraced, wounded, defeated. Cf. Su.-Goth. _lyta_, to wound;
Icel. _lyta_, to disgrace; Sw. _lyte_, a defect, _litt_, deformed; Dan.
_lyde_, a blemish.]
Liue, _n._ S. _dat. c._ life, 232; _brouth of liue_, dead, 513, 2129.
K. Horn, 188. _Of liue do_, kill, 1805. _Liues_, _gen. c. as adv._
alive, 509, 1003, 1307, 1919, 2854. _See_ On-liue.
Liuen, _v._ S. to live, 355. _Liuede_, _Liueden_, _pa. t. pl._ lived,
1299, 2044.
Lof, _n._ S. loaf, 653.
Loke, Loken, _v._ S. to look after, take care of, to behold, 376, 2136.
_Lokes_, _pr. t. 2 p._ lookest, 2726. _Loke_, _imp._ look, 1680, 1712.
_Lokes_, _imp. pl._ look ye, 2240, 2292, 2300, 2579, 2812. _Lokede_,
_pa. t._ looked, 679, 1041.
Loken, Lokene, _part. pa._ S. fastened, locked, closed, 429, 1957. So in
the Const. Othonis, Tit. _de habitu Clericorum_; "In mensura decenti
habeant vestes, et _cappis clausis_ utuntur in sacris ordinibus
constituti." V. Spelm. in v. _Cappa clausa_. So also in the _Ancren
Riwle_, fol. 17-- "gif he haues a wid hod and a _lokin_ cape, &c." [The
reference to the Ancren Riwle is to MS. Titus D 18, fol. 17; cf. the
edition by Morton (Camd. Soc. 1853), p. 56.]
Lond, Londe, _n._ S. land, 64, 721, &c. _Lon_, 340.
Long, _adj._ S. tall, 987, 1063. So K. Horn, 100.
Longes, _pr. t. 3 p._ S. belongs, 396. R. Br., Chauc., &c.
Lopen. _See_ Lepe.
Loth, _adj._ S. loath, unwilling, 261, 440, &c. _See_ Lef.
Louede, _pa. t._ S. loved, 71. _Loueden_, _pa. t. pl._ 955.
Louerd, _n._ S. lord, master, 96, 483, &c. _Lowerd_, 621.
Louerdinges, _n. pl._ S. lordings, masters, 515, 1401. _See_ Note in
Warton's Hist. Engl. Poet. V. I. p. 19. Ed. 1840.
Loupe. _See_ Lepe.
Low, _pa. t._ S. laughed, 903. K. Horn, 1502. _Lowen_, _pa. t. pl._
1056.
Lowe, _n._ S. [_hlæw_] hill, 1291, 1699. Rits. M. R., Web., &c. V. Jam.
and Brockett's Gl. v. _Lawe_.
Luue, _n._ S. love, 195. [_Luue-drurye_ seems here to be a compound
word, meaning _love-courtship_. _Lufe-drowrie_ also = love-token,
_Lyndesay's Sq. Meldrum_, 1003. _See_ Drurye.]
Lyen, _v._ S. to lie (in bed), 2134. _Leyen_, _pt. pl._ lay, 475.
Lyþe. _See_ Lith.
Maght, Mait. _See_ Mowe.
Make, _n._ S. mate, companion, wife, 1150. K. Horn, 1427. K. Alisaund.
3314. Le Bone Flor. 881. Chauc. Sc. _Maik._ V. Jam.
Maken, _v._ S. to make, 29, &c. _Make_, 676. _Makeden_, _pa. t. pl._
made, 554. _I-maked_, _part. pa._ made, 5.
Male, _n._ Fr. a budget, bag, wallet, 48. La[gh]amon, l. 3543. Web.,
Chauc., R. Hood.
Malisun, _n._ Fr. malediction, curse, 426. Sir Tr. p. 179.
Manred, Manrede, _n._ S. homage, fealty, 484, 2172, 2180, 2248, 2265,
2312, 2774, 2816, 2847, 2850. Leg. of S. Gregori, ap. Leyd. Compl. of
Scotl. _See_ Jam. for further examples.
Marz, _n._ Lat. March, 2559.
Maugre, Fr. in spite of, 1128, 1789. _See_ Tyrwh. Gl. to Chauc. and Jam.
in v.
Maydnes, _n. pl._ S. maidens, 467, 2222.
Mayster, _n._ Fr. master, 1135; chief, 2028, 2385.
Mayt, Mayth. _See_ Mowe.
Mede, _n._ S. reward, 102, 685, 1635, 2402.
Mele, _n._ S. oat-meal, 780.
Mele, _v._ Fr. to contend in battle, 2059. Gaw. and Gol. ii. 18.
_Mellay_, Wynt. viii. 15, 19. V. Jam.
Meme, 2201, _probably miswritten for_ neme; _see_ Nime.
Men (used with a sing. vb. like the Fr. _on_), men, people, 390, 647,
2610.
Mene, _v._ S. to mean, signify, 2114. _Menes_, _pr. t. 3 p._ means, 597.
Menie, _n._ Fr. family, 827. _Meynie_, 834. This word is to be found
from the time of La[gh]amon to Shakespeare. Jamieson attempts to derive
it from the North. V. in v. _Menzie_. See _maisnie_ in Roquefort.
Mere, _n._ S. mare, 2449, 2478, 2504.
Messe, _n._ Fr. Lat. the service of the mass, 243, 1176. _Messe-bok_,
mass-book, 186, 391, 2710. _Messe-gere_, all the apparel, &c.,
pertaining to the service of the mass, 188, 389, 1078, 2217.
Mest, _adj. sup._ S. greatest, 233. _Moste_, 1287; tallest, 983.
Mester, _n._ Fr. trade, 823. K. Horn (ed. Lumby), 229.
Met, _pp._ S. dreamt, 1285.
Mete, _n._ S. meat, 459, &c. _Metes_, _pl._ 1733.
Meynie. _See_ Menie.
Michel, _adj._ S. much, 510, 660. _Mik_, 2342. _Mike_, 960 (cf. Horn
Childe, ap. Rits. V. 3, 292), 1744, 1761, 2336. _Mikel_, 122, 478, &c.
Micte, Micten, Micthe, Mithe, Mithest, Mithen. _See_ Mowe.
Micth, _n._ S. might, power, 35.
Middelerd, _n._ S. the earth, world, 2244. _Middelærd_, La[gh]am.,
Rits., Web., R. Gl., Minot, &c. So in Sc. V. Jam.
Mik, Mike, Mikel. _See_ Michel.
Milce, _n._ S. [_mildse_] mercy, 1361. A! me do þine _milce_, La[gh]am.
l. 4681; R. Gl. It is usually coupled with _ore_.
Milne-hous. _See_ Hus.
Mirke, _adj._ S. dark, 404. R. Br., Lynds.; _merke_, Chauc. Still used
in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam.
Misdede, _pa. t._ S. did amiss, 337; injured, 992, 1371. _Misdo_, _part.
pa._ misdone, offended, 2798.
Misferde, _pa. t._ S. behaved, or proceeded ill, 1869. _See_ Faren.
Misgos, _pr. t. 2 p._ S. goest or behavest amiss, 2707.
Misseyd, _part. pa._ S. spoken to reproachfully, 1688.
Mithe, Mythe, _v._ S. [_miðan_] to conceal, hide, dissemble, 652, 948,
1278. Sche might no lenger _mithe_. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3,
p. 310.
Mixed, _adj._ vile, base, 2533. From S. _myx_, fimus. Cf. _Mix_ in
_William of Palerne_.
Mo, _adj. comp._ S. more, 1742, 1846.
Mod, _n._ S. mood, humour, 1703.
Moder, _n._ S. mother, 974, 1388, &c.
Mone, _n._ S. moon, 373, 403.
Mone, _n._ S. mind, say, opinion, 816. Cf. A.S. _myne_, _monian_,
_monung_; Icel. _munr_. Hence, to _mone_, to _relate_, R. C[oe]ur de L.
4636, and to _animadvert_, in Barbour. It appears to express the Fr.
phrase _par le mien escient_, K. Horn, 467, MS. Douce. In nearly the
same sense _mone_ may be found in K. Alisaund. 1281, R. Gl. pp. 281,
293. Cf. ll. 1711, 1972.
Mone, _v. pl._ [Isl. _mun_] must, 840. _Maun_, Sc. _Mun_, Yorksh. Cumb.
V. Jam.
Morwen, _n._ S. morning, 811, 1131, 2669, &c. _To-morwen_, 530, 810.
_Amorwe_, Sir Tr., K. Horn.
Moste. _See_ Mest.
Mote, _v._ S. may, 19, 406, 1743, 2545. _Moten_, _pl._ 18.
Moun. _See_ Mowe.
Mowe, _v._ S. _pres. sing._ may, be able, 175, 394, 675. _Mowen_, _pl._
11. _Moun_, 460, 2587. _Mait_, _pr. t. 2 p._ mayest, 689. _Mayt_, 845,
852, 1219. _Mayth_, 641. _Maght_, _pa. t. 2 p. s._ mightest, 1348.
_Mithe_, _Mithest_, 855, 1218. _Micte_, _Micthe_, _Mithe_, _pa. t. 3 p._
might, 42, 233, 1030, 1080. _Mouchte_, _Moucte_, _Moucthe_, _Mouthe_,
_Mowcte_, 145, 356, 376, &c. _Micte_, _Micten_, _Mithen_, _pl._ 232,
516, 1929, 2017. _Mouhte_, _Mouthe_, _Mouthen_, 1183, 2019, 2039, 2328,
2330, &c. V. Pegge's Anecd. of Engl. Lang. p. iii.
Na, _adv._ S. no, 2363, 2530.
Nam. _See_ Nime.
Nayles, _n. pl._ S. nails, 2163.
Ne, _adv._ S. nor, 44, &c.
Nede, _n._ S. need, necessity, 9, &c. _Nedes_, _pl._ 1092.
Neme. _See_ Nime.
Ner, _adv._ S. near, 990, 1949.
Nese, _n._ S. nose, 2450.
Nesh, _adj._ S. [_nesc_] soft, tender, 2743. _Neys_, 217. Web., Rits.
M. R., Rob. Br., Chauc. Still used in N.W. part of England.
Neth, _n._ S. net, 752, 808, 1026; _pl._ _netes_, 783.
Neth, _n._ S. neat, cattle, 700, 1222. _Netes_, _g. c._ neat's, 781.
Neþeles, _conj._ S. nevertheless, 1108, 1658.
Neue, _n._ S. fist, 2405. _Neues_, _pl._ 1917. V. Jam.
Neure, _adv._ S. not, never, 80, 672; _neuere a polk_, ne'er a pool,
2685. _Neuere kines_, of no kind, 2691.
Ney. _adv._ nigh, near to, nearly, 464, 640, 2619.
Neys. _See_ Nesh.
Neyþer, Neþe, _pron._ S. neither, not either, 458, 764, 2970, &c.
_Noþer_, 2623. _Noyþer_, 2697.
Newhen, _v._ S. [_nehwan_] to approach, 1866. In the more recent form to
_neigh_ it is used in several of the old Romances, Chauc., and Minot.
Nicht, Nicth, _n._ S. night, 533, 575. _Niht_, 2669. _Nith_, 404, 1247,
1754. _Nithes_, _g. c._ of night, 2100. _Nihtes_, _nithes_, _pl._ 2353;
_nihtes_, 2999.
Nime, _v._ S. _pr. s._ take, _or_ go, 1931. _Nim_, _imp._ take, 1336.
_Nam_, _pa. t._ took, 900; went, 2930. _Neme_, _pl._ went, 1207; cf.
l. 2201. _Nomen_, took, 2790. _Nomen_, _Numen_, _part. pa._ taken, 2265,
2581. _Nimes_, _imp. pl._ go ye, 2594; _nime_, go we, 2600. In the first
sense this verb is common in all the Glossaries, but in the latter sense
_To go_ it occurs nowhere but in the Gl. to Rob. Brunne, who, from being
a Lincolnshire man, approaches nearer to the language of the present
poem than any other writer. [In N.E. to _nim_ is to walk with quick,
short steps.]
Nis, _for_ Ne is, is not, 462, 1998, 2244.
Nither-tale, _n._ S. night-time, 2025. _See_ Chaucer, Prol. l. 97.
Noblelike, _adv._ S. nobly, 2640.
Nok, _n._ [Belg. _nock_] nook, corner, 820; _nouth a ferthinges nok_,
not the value of a farthing. The same phr. is in the _Manuel des Pechés_
of Rob. of Brunne, MS. Harl. 1701, fol. 39.
Nomen. _See_ Nime.
Non, _adj._ S. no, 518, 685, 1019; no one, 934, 974.
Note, _n._ S. a nut, 419. _Nouthe_, 1332.
Noþer. _See_ Neyþer.
Nou, _adv._ S. now, 328, 1362, &c. _Nu_, 2421, 2460, 2650, &c.
Nout, Nouth, Nouht, _n._ or _adv._ S. not, naught, nothing, not at all,
249, 505, 566, 648, 1733, 2051, 2822. _Nowt_, _Nowth_, 770, 2168, 2737.
Nouthe. _See_ Note.
Noyþer. _See_ Neyþer.
Nu. _See_ Nou.
Numen. _See_ Nime.
Nytte. _v._ S. make use of, require for use, 941. A.S. _nyttian_,
_neotan_, G. _nützen_, Du. _nutten_.
O. _See_ On.
Of, _prep._ S. off, 130, 216, 603, 857, 1850, 2444, 2626, 2676, 2751,
&c. _Of londe_, out of the land, 2599. Sir Tr.
Offe, _prep._ S. of, 435. _Of_, 436.
Offrende, Dan. Fr. offering, 1386.
Ofte, _adv._ S. often, 226, &c.
Ok. _See_ Ek.
On, _adj._ S. one, 425, 1800, 2028, 2263, &c.
On, _in_ But on. _See_ But.
On, _prep._ S. in, on. _On liue_, 281, 363, 694, 793 &c. _O liue_, 2865.
_On two_, 471, 1823, 2730, in two; _a two_, 1413, 2643. _O londe_, 763,
on, _or_ in land. _On knes_, 1211, 1302, 2710, on knees; _o knes_, 2252,
2796. _On brenne_, 1239, in flame, on fire. _O nith_, 1251, in the
night. _On nithes_, 2048. _O worde_, 1349, in the world (_see_ Werd).
_O mani wise_, 1713, in many a manner. _On gamen_, 1716, in sport. _On
lesse hwile_, 1830, in less time. _O bok_, 2307, 2311, on the book. _Wel
o bon_, 2355, 2525, 2571, strong of body. _Iuele o bone_, 2505, lean.
_On hunting_, 2382. _O stede_, 2549, on steed. _Up-o the dogges_, 2596,
on the dogs. From these examples, added to those which occur in every
Glossary, it is evident the Sax. prep. _On_ was subsequently corrupted
to _O_ and _A._ _See_ Tyrwh. and Jam. _A nycht_ in Barb. xix. 657,
explained by the latter _one_ night, is according to the above rule _In
the night_, as confirmed by l. 1251. Sir Tr. pp. 47, 114. R. Glouc.
One, _adj._ S. alone, singly, 815, 936, 1153, 1710, 1742, 1973, 2433.