Gadred, _part. pa._ S. gathered, 2577.
Gadeling, _n._ S. an idle vagabond, low man, 1121.
Þa wes æuer alc cheorl
Al swa bald alse an eorl,
& alle þa _gadelinges_
Alse heo weoren sunen kinges.
_La[gh]am._ l. 12333.
Cf. K. Alisaund. 1733, 4063. _Gadlyng_, Rob. of Cicyle, MS. Harl. 1701.
R. Gl. p. 277, 310. Chauc. Rom. Rose, 938. The word originally meant
_Vir generosus_. _See_ Beowulf, l. 5227.
Gaf. _See_ Yeue.
Galwe-tre, _n._ S. the gallows, 43, 335, 695. Le Bone Fl. 1726. Erle of
Tol. 657. _Galues_, _Galwes_, _Galewes_, 687, 1161, 2477, 2508. R. Br.,
Chauc. Cf. Ihre Gl. Suiog. in v. _galge_, ab Isl. _gayl_, ramus arboris.
Gamen, _n._ S. game, sport, 980, 1716, 2135, 2250, 2577; joy, 2935,
2963. _Gamyn_, Barb. iii. 465. V. Jam.
Gan, _pa. t._ S. began, 2443. V. Jam.
Gangen, _v._ S. to go, walk, 370, 845, &c. _Gange_, 796. _Gongen_, 855.
_Gonge_, 1185, 1739, &c. _Gonge_, _pr. t. 2 p._ goest, 690, 843.
_Gangande_, _part. pr._ on foot, walking, 2283. Wynt. V. Jam.
Garte, _pa. t._ S. made, 189, 1857, &c. _Gart_, 1001, 1082. _Gert_, Sir
Tr. p. 147. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds.
Gat, Gaten. _See_ Geten.
Gate, _n._ S. (1) way, road, 846, 889. Sir Tr. p. 27; (2) manner,
fashion (_see_ þus-gate), 783, 2419, 2586.
Genge, _n._ S. family, company, 786, 1735; retinue, 2353, 2362, 2383.
þe king of þan londe
Mid muchelere _genge_.
_La[gh]am._ l. 6156.
Hence _Gang_. V. Todd's Johns.
Gent, _adj._ Fr. neat, pretty, 2139. Sir Tr. p. 87, R. Br., Chauc.
Gere. _See_ Messe-gere.
Gest, _n._ Fr. tale, adventure, 2984. _See_ Note in Warton's Hist. E.
P., V. I. p. 69. Ed. 1840.
Gete, _v._ to guard, watch, keep, 2762, 2960. Icel. _gæta_, to guard.
Cf. _Ormulum_, 2079. [Suggested by Garnett.]
Geten, _v._ S. to get, take, 792. _Gete_, 1393. _Gat_, _pa. t._ begot,
got, 495, 730. _Gaten_, _Geten_, _pa. t. pl._ begot, 2893, 2934, 2978.
_Getes_, _f. t. 2 p._ shalt get, 908.
Ghod _for_ Good, 255.
Gisarm, _n._ Fr. a bill, 2553. _See_ Gl. Rits. M. R., Spelm. in v., Jam.
Dict., and Merrick's Gl. in v. _Gesa_, _Gesum_. ["Distinguished from
other weapons of the axe kind by a spike rising from the back. There
were two kinds, viz. the _glaive-gisarme_, with a sabre-blade and spike;
and the _bill-gisarme_, in shape of a hedging-bill with a spike."
Godwin's Archæol. Handbook, p. 254.]
Giue. _See_ Yeue.
Giue, _n._ S. gift, 2880. _Gyue_, 357. _Yeft_, 2336.
Giueled, piled up, 814. [The O.Fr. _gavelé_ means piled up, heaped
together. To _gavel_ corn (_see_ Halliwell) is to put it into heaps,
and a _gavel_ is a heap of corn. But this may very well be derived from
_gable_, since a heap takes the shape of a peaked end of a house; and
the O.Fr. term is probably originally Teutonic, and connected, as
_gable_ is, with M[oe]so-Goth. _gibla_, a pinnacle, with which compare
German _giebel_, Du. _gevel_, and hence our word would be taken from a
verb _givelen_, to pile up. The fish in Havelok's basket would be what
the Dutch call _gevelvormig_, or formed like a gable, or like
the peaked end of a _stack_ of hay or corn, whence the author's
expression--_giueled als a stac_, piled up in the shape of a stack.
Other explanations are _flayed_, from Du. _villen_, to flay; or _filed_,
ranged in rows upon a stick, where _stick_ is represented by _stac_. But
the latter supposition would require the reading _on_ rather than _als_;
not to mention the fact that if fish are carried _in a pannier_ they
would not resemble fish carried _on a stick_. Nor is it quite
satisfactory to say that _giueled_ is put for _gefilled_, filled; for
this is not elucidated by the expression _als a stac_, any more than the
explanation _flayed_ is. _Gable_ is Icel. _gafl_, Sw. _gafvel_, Dan.
_gavl_, Du. _gevel_, Ger. _giebel_, _gipfel_, &c. Its forked shape seems
to give rise to Ger. _gabel_, Sw. _gaffel_, a fork; respecting which set
of words see _Gaff_ in Wedgwood.]
Gladlike, _adv._ S. gladly, 805, 906, 1760.
Glede, _n._ S. a burning coal, 91, 869. Rits. M. R., Web., R. Br.,
Chauc. _See_ Note on l. 91.
Gleiue, Gleyue, Fr. a spear, lance, 1770, 1844, 1981. _Gleiues_,
_Gleyues_, _pl._ 267, 1748, 1864. Dr Merrick explains it, "A weapon
composed of a long cutting blade at the end of a staff." See R. Gl.
p. 203; Guy of Warw. R. iii.; Chauc. Court of Love, 544; Percy, A. R.
Glem, _n._ S. gleam, ray, 2122. _See_ Stem.
Gleu, _n._ S. game, skill, 2332. Properly, says Sir W. Scott, the joyous
science of the minstrels. Cf. Sir Tr. p. 24, 35, 150.
Gleymen, _n. pl._ S. gleemen, 2329. _Glewemen_, Sir Tr. p. 110.
Whar bin thi _glewmen_ that schuld thi _glewe_,
With harp and fithel, and tabour bete.
_Disp. betw. the bodi & saul_, ap. Leyd. Compl. of Scotl.
Glotuns, _n. pl._ Fr. gluttons, wicked men, 2104.
Va, _Glutun_, envers tei nostre lei se defent.
_K. Horn_, 1633, MS. Douce.
Cf. K. Horn, 1124, ap. Rits., Yw. and Gaw. 3247; R. C[oe]ur de L. 5953,
and Chauc.
Gnede, _adj._ S. niggardly, frugal, 97. Nearly equivalent to _chinche_,
l. 1763. Printed _guede_ in Sir Tr. p. 169. [Cf. _Gnede_ in Halliwell,
and A.S. _gneadlícnes_, frugality.]
God, _n._ S. gain, wealth, goods, 797, 2034; _pl._ gode, 1221. R. Gl.,
R. Br., Chauc.
God, Gode, _adj._ S. good, excellent, 7, &c.
Goddot, Goddoth, _interj._ god wot! 606, 642, 796, 909, 1656, 2543; cf.
2527. It is formed probably in the same manner as _Goddil_, for God's
will, in Yorksh. and Lanc. V. Craven dialect, and View of Lanc. dialect,
1770, 8vo. The word before us appears to have been limited to
Lincolnshire or Lancashire, and does not appear in the Glossaries. Other
instances are in the _Cursor Mundi_, MS. Cott. Vesp. F. iii. fol. 87_b_,
and in MS. Cott. Galba E. ix. fol. 61. It also occurs in a translation
of a French Fabliau, written in the reign of Edw. I.
_Goddot!_ so I wille,
And loke that thou hire tille,
And strek out hire thes.
_La fablel & la cointise de dame Siriz_, MS. Digb. 86.
Grundtvig told me (adds Sir F. Madden) that it is "undoubtedly the same
interjection spelled _Ioduth_ in the old Danish rime-chronicle."
Gome, _n._ S. man, 7.
Gon, _v._ S. to go, walk, 113, 1045. _Goth_, _imp._ go ye, 1780. _Gon_,
_part. pa._ gone, 2692.
Gonge, Gongen. _See_ Gange.
Gore, 2497. _See_ Grim.
Gos, _n._ S. goose, 1240. _Gees_, _pl._ 702.
Gouen. _See_ Yeue.
Goulen, _pr. t. pl. 2 p._ S. howl, cry, 454. _Gouleden_, _pa. t. pl._
howled, cried, 164.
An _yollen_ mote thu so heye,
That ut berste bo thin ey.
_Hule and Nihtingale_, l. 970.
Used also by Wickliffe. In Scotland and the North it is still preserved,
but in the South _Yell_ is used as an equivalent. _See_ Jam. and Gl.
Lynds.
Gram, _n._ S. grief, 2469.
Graten, _v._ S. [_gr[´æ]tan_] to weep, cry, cry out, 329. _Grede_, 96.
_Grete_, _pres. pl._ 454, 2703. _Gret_, _pa. t._ cried out, wept, 615,
1129, 2159. _Gredde_, 2417. _Greten_, _pa. t. pl._ wept, 164, 415, 2796.
_Grotinde_, _part. pr._ weeping, 1390. _Graten_, _part. pa._ wept, 241.
_Igroten_, 285. _See_ Jam. and Gl. Lynds.
Graue, _v._ S. to bury, 613. _Grauen_, _part. pa._ buried, 2528. Web.,
Sir Guy, Ii. iv., Chauc.
Greme, _v._ S. to irritate, grieve, 442. In R. Br. _Gram_ is used as a
verb, in the same sense.
Grene, _n._ desire, lust, 996. It is simply the M[oe]so-Goth. _gairuni_,
lust; Icel. _girni_, desire. V. Jam. in v. Grene. Halliwell suggests
_sport_, _play_, to which it is _opposed_.
Gres, _n._ S. grass, 2698.
Gret, _adj._ S. great, heavy, loud, 807, 1860. _Greth_, 1025; _pl._
grete, 1437, 1862. _Grettere_, _comp._ greater, 1893.
Grete. _See_ Graten.
Greþede, 2003. Explained as _greeted_, _accosted_, by Sir F. Madden; but
the use of þ (not th) renders this doubtful. May it not signify
_treated_, _handled_ (lit. _arrayed_), from the _vb._ greyþe?
Grethet. _See_ Greyþe.
Greting, _n._ S. weeping, 166.
Grette, _pa. t._ S. accosted, greeted, 452, 1811, 2625. _Gret_, _part.
pa._ accosted, greeted, 2290.
Greu, _pa. t._ S. grew, prospered, 2333; _pl._ grewe, 2975.
Greue, _v._ S. to grieve, 2953.
Greyþe, _v._ S. [ger[´æ]dian] to prepare, 1762. _Greyþede_, _pa. t._
prepared, 706. _Greyþed_, _part. pa._ prepared, made ready, 714.
_Grethet_, 2615. La[gh]am. l. 4414. Sir Tr. p. 33. Sc. _Graith_. V. Jam.
and Gl. Lynds.
Greyue, _n._ S. [_geréfa_] greave, magistrate, 1771. _Greyues_, _g. c._
greave's, 1749. _Greyues_, _pl._ 266. V. Spelm. in v. _Grafio_, and
Hickes, Diss. Epist. p. 21, n. p. 151.
Grim, _adj._ S. cruel, savage, fierce, 155, 680, 2398, 2655, 2761.
R. Br., Rits. M. R. _See_ Beowulf, l. 204.
Grim, _n._ [smut, dirt, 2497. The explanation is that Godard, on being
flayed, did not bear his sentence as one of rank and blood would have
done, but began to roar out as if he were mere _dirt_ or _mud_, i.e. one
of the dregs of the common herd. This curious expression is ascertained
to have the meaning here assigned to it by observing (1) that _grim_ and
_gore_ must be substantives, and (2) that they must be of like
signification; but chiefly by comparing the line with others similar to
it. Now the context, in the couplet following, repeats that "men might
hear him roar, that _foul vile_ wretch, a mile off;" and in l. 682,
Godard calls Grim "_a foul dirt_, a thrall, and a churl." The author
clearly uses _dirt_ and _churl_ as synonyms. The word _grim_ is the
Danish _grim_, soot, lampblack, smut, dirt, answering to the English
_grime_; see _grime_ in Atkinson's Glossary of the Cleveland dialect.
_Gore_ is the A.S. _gór_, wet mud, or clotted blood, in the latter of
which senses it is still used. See "_Gore. Limus_" in Prompt. Parv., and
Way's note.]
Grip, _n._ griffin, 572. Web. _Graip_, Sc., V. Jam. The plural _gripes_
is in La[gh]am. l. 28062, and K. Alisaund. 4880. Swed. _grip_.
Grip, _n._ S. [_græp_] ditch, trench, 2102. _Gripes_, _pl._ 1924. V.
Jam. in v. _Grape_; and Skinner, v. _Groop_. Cf. Swed. _grop_.
Gripen, _pr. t. pl._ S. gripe, grasp, 1790. _Gripeth_, _imp._ gripe ye,
1882. _Grop_, _pa. t._ grasped, 1776, 1871, 1890, &c.
Grith, _n._ S. peace, 61, 511. _Grith-sergeans_, 267, legal officers to
preserve the peace. These must not be confounded with the _Justitiarii
Pacis_ established in the beginning of Edw. III. reign, and called
_Gardiani Pacis_. V. Spelm. in v. Cf. Icel. _grið_.
Grom, _n._ male child, youth, 790; young man, 2472. Belgic _grom_ has
the same sense of _boy_. Cf. Icel. _gromr_, homuncio. So in _Sir
Degore_, A. iv.
He lyft up the shete anone
And loked upon the lytle _grome._
It generally elsewhere signifies _lad_, _page_.
Gronge, _n._ Fr. grange, 764. [Halliwell says that, in _Lincolnshire_, a
lone farm-house is still called a _grange_. In old English it is
sometimes spelt _graunge_, which comes near the form here used. Cf. Fr.
_grange_; Ital. _grangia_ (Florio), a country-farm.]
Grop. _See_ Gripen.
Grotes, _n. pl._ S. [_grót_] small pieces, grit, dust, 472, 1414.
Grotinde. _See_ Graten.
Grund, _adj. used as adv._ 1027. _See_ Grundlike.
Grunde, _n._ S. _dat. c._ ground, 1979, 2675.
Grunden, _part. pa._ S. ground, 2503. Yw. and Gaw. 676. _Grounden_,
Chauc.
Grundlike, _adv._ heartily, 651, 2659; deeply, 2013, 2268, 2307, where
it is equivalent to _Deplike_, q.v. The word is undoubtedly Saxon, but
in the Lexicons we only find _Grundlinga_, funditus, from Ælf. Gl. It is
used by La[gh]amon, l. 9783.
Cnihtes heom gereden
_Grundliche_ feire.
Gyue. _See_ Giue.
Hal, all, 2370. [_Hal_, more probably, is shortened from _half_, like
_twel_ from _twelue_.]
Halde, _v._ S. to hold, take part, 2308. _Holden_, to keep or observe,
29, 1171. _Haldes_, _pr. t. 3 p._ holds, 1382. _Hel_, _pa. t._ held,
109. _Helden_, _pa. t. pl._ held, 1201. _Halden_, _part. pa._ held,
holden, 2806.
Hals, _n._ S. neck, 521, 670, 2510. Sir Tr. p. 109.
Halue, _n._ S. side, part; _bi bothe halue_, 2682. _See_ Bi-halue.
Haluendel, _n._ S. the half part, 460. R. Gl. p. 5; R. Br.; K. Alisaund.
7116; Emare, 444; Chron. of Engl. 515; R. Hood, i. 68.
Handlen, _v._ S. to handle, 347. _Handel_, 586.
Hangen, _v._ S. to hang, 335, 695. _Hengen_, 43, &c. _Honge_, 2807.
_Henged_, _part. pa._ hung, 1922, 2480. Cf. For-henge.
Harum _for_ Harm, 1983, 2408.
Hasard, _n._ Fr. game at dice, 2326. _See_ Note on l. 2320.
Hatede, _pa. t._ S. hated, 1188.
Hauen, _v._ S. to have, 78, &c. _Hawe_, 1188. _Haue_, 1298. _Haues_,
_Hauest_, _pr. t. 2 p._ hast, 688, 848. _Haues_, _Haueth_, _pr. t. 3 p._
haveth, hath, has, 1266, 1285, 1952, 1980, &c. _Hauet_, hath, 564.
_Hauen_, _pr. t. pl._ have, 1227. _Hauenet_, have it, 2005. _Hauede_,
_pa. t._ had, 649, 775, &c. _Hauedet_, 714, had it. _Haueden_, _pa. t.
pl._ had, 238, &c. _Aueden_, 163. _Haue_, _Hauede_, _Haueden_, _subj._
would have, 1428, 1643, 1687, 2020, 2675.
Haui _for_ Haue I, 2002.
He, _pron._ S. Is often understood, as in ll. 869, 1428, 1777, and hence
might perhaps have been designedly omitted in ll. 135, 860, 1089, 2311,
though the metre seems to require _he_ in 135 and 1089. _He_, _pl._
they, 54, &c.
Heie, _n._ _See_ Eie.
Heie, _adj._ S. tall, 987. _Hey_, 1071, 1083; high, 1289. _Heye se_,
719. _Heye curt_, 1685. _Heye and lowe_, 2431, 2471, &c.
Hel, Helden. _See_ Halde.
Helde, Heldeste. _See_ Eld.
Helen, _v._ S. [_h[´æ]lan_] to heal, 1836. _Hele_, 2058. _Holed_, _part.
pa._ healed, 2039.
Helm, _n._ S. helmet, 379, 624, 1653, &c. _Helmes_, _pl._ 2612.
Helpen, _v._ S. to help, 1712. _Helpes_, _imp. pl._ help ye, 2595.
_Holpen_, _part. pa._ helped, 901.
Hem, _pron._ S. them, 367, &c.
Hend. _See_ Hond.
Hende _for_ Ende, 247.
Hende, _n._ S. a duck, 1241. A.S. _ened_; Lat. _anas_ (_anat-is_); Du.
_eend_; Icel. _önd_. "Ende mete, for dookelyngys, _Lenticula_;" and
again, "Ende, dooke byrde, _Anas_." Prompt. Parv.
Hende, _adj._ courteous, gentle, 1104, 1421, 1704, 2793, 2877, 2914;
skilful, 2628. It certainly is the same word with _hendi_, _hendy_.
_See_ Tyrwh. on C. T. 3199; Gl. R. Glouc.; Amis and Amil. 1393; Ly Beaus
Desc. 333; Morte Arthur, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. I. p. 359, &c.; Dan. and
Sw. _händig_, dexterous.
Hende, _adv._ S. near, handy, 359, 2275. Web.
Hendeleik, _n._ courtesy, 2793. Cf. _Allit. Poems_, ed. Morris, B. 860.
Henged, Hengen. _See_ Hangen.
Henne, _adv._ S. hence, 843, 1780, 1799. In the same manner is formed
_Whenne_, K. Horn, 169, which Ritson thought a mistake for _whence_.
Henne, _n_, S. hen, 1240. _Hennes_, _pl._ 702.
Her. _See_ Er.
Her, _adv._ S. here, 689, 1058, &c. _Her offe_, 2585, hereof.
Her, _n._ S. hair, 1924. _Hor_, 235.
Herboru, _n._ S. habitation, harbour, lodging, 742. _Herberowe_, Web.;
_Herbegerie_, R. Br.; _Harbroughe_, Sq. of Lowe Degre, 179; _Herberwe_,
Chauc.; _Herbry_, Wynt.; _Herberye_, Lynds. Gl. q.v. and Jam.
Herborwed, _pa. t._ S. lodged, 742. La[gh]am., Chauc., V. Jam. in v.
_Herbery_.
Here, _pron._ S. their, 52, 465, &c.
Here, _n._ S. army, 346, 379, 2153, 2942. R. Br., K. Alisaund, 2101.
Here, Heren, _v._ S. to hear, 4, 732, 1640, 2279, &c. _Y-here_, 11.
_Herd_, _Herde_, _pa. t._ heard, 286, 465, &c. _Herden_, _pa. t. pl._
150.
Herinne, _adv._ S. herein, 458.
Herkne, _imp. s._ S. hearken, 1285. _Herknet_, _imp. pl._ hearken ye, 1.
Herles. _See_ Erl.
Hernes, _n._ Fr. armour, harness, 1917. R. Br., &c.
Hernes, _n. pl._ S. brains, 1808.
Hern-panne, _n._ S. skull, 1991. Yw. and Gaw. 660; R. C[oe]ur de L.,
5293. _Hardynpan_, Compl. of Scotl. p. 241; V. Gl.
Hert, _n._ S. hart, deer, 1872.
Herte, _n._ S. heart, 479, 2054, &c. _Herte blod_, 1819. La[gh]am.
l. 15846; Sir Tr. p. 98; Chauc.
Hertelike, _adv._ S. heartily, 1347, 2748.
Het, _part._ S. hight, named, 2348. _Hoten_, _part. pa._ called, named,
106, 284.
Het, Hete, Heten. _See_ Ete.
Hetelike, _adv._ S. hotly, furiously, 2655.
And Guy hent his sword in hand,
And _hetelich_ smot to Colbrand.
_Guy of Warw._ ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 82.
In Sir Tr. p. 172, _Hethelich_ is explained _Haughtily_ by the Editor,
and by Jam. _reproachfully_. Cf. _Hetterly_ in Gloss. to _Will. of
Palerne_.
Hethede, _pa. t._ commanded, 551. A.S. _hetan_. The _th_ is here
pronounced like _t_, as elsewhere.
Heþen. _See_ Eþen.
Heu, _n._ S. hue, colour, complexion, 2918. Very common. We may hence
explain the "inexplicable phrase" complained of by Mr Ellis, Spec. E. E.
P. V. I. p. 109. "On _heu_ her hair is fair enough" --occasioned by
Ritson having inadvertently copied it _hen_, from the MS.; _see_ Anc.
Songs, p. 25.
Heued, _n._ S. head, 624, 1653, 1701, 1759, &c. _Heuedes_, _pl._ 1907.
Heuere. _See_ Euere.
Heui, _adj._ S. heavy, 808; laborious, 2456.
Hew, _pa. t._ S. cut, 2729. Sir Tr. p. 20.
Hext, _adj. sup._ S. highest, tallest, 1080. _Haxt_, La[gh]amon; _Hext_,
K. Alisaund. 7961; R. Gl.; Chauc.
Hey, Heye. _See_ Heie.
Heye, _adv._ S. on high, 43, 335, 695, &c.
Heylike, _adv._ S. highly, honourably, 2319. _Heyelike_, 1329.
Heyman, _n._ S. nobleman, 1260. Sir Tr. p. 82. _Heymen_, _Heyemen_,
_pl._ 231, 958.
Hi, Hic. _See_ Ich.
Hider, _adv._ S. hither, 868, 885, 1431.
Hides, _n. pl._ S. hides, skins, 918.
Hijs, _pron._ S. his, 47, 468. _Hise_, 34, &c. _Hyse_, 355. [The final
_e_ is most used with _plural_ nouns.]
Hile, _v._ S. [_hélan_] to cover, hide, 2082. _Hele_, Sir Tr. p. 19,
Web., Rits. M. R., Chauc. _Hilles_, Yw. and Gaw. 741. V. Jam. in v.
_Heild._ --Somersetsh.
Him, _pron._ S. them, 257, 1169.
Hine, _n. pl._ S. hinds, bondsmen, 620. Web. _Hinen_, R. Gl., V. Jam.
in v.
Hinne. _See_ Þer-inne.
Hire, _pron._ S. her, 127, &c. _Hire semes_, it beseems her, 2916.
His _for_ Is, 279, 1973, 2692.
Hise. _See_ Hijs.
Hof _for_ Of, 1976.
Hof, _pa. t._ S. heaved, 2750.
Hok, _n._ S. hook, 1102.
Hol, _adj._ whole, well, 2075.