He calde boþe arwe me{n} and kene,
Knithes and serganz swiþe sleie.
"Arwe or ferefulle. _Timidus._"
Prompt. Parv. Cf. Stille, q.v.
As for Has, 1174.
Asayleden, _pa. t. pl._ Fr. assailed, 1862.
Asken, _n. pl._ S. ashes, 2841. _Aske_, R. Gl. _Askes_, R. Br. _Ashen_,
Chauc. _Assis_, Doug.
Astirte, _pa. t._ leaped, 893. _Astert_, King's Quair, ap. Jam. _See_
Stirt.
At, _prep._ S. of _or_ to, 1387. Yw. and Gaw. (Rits.) 963. Still
existing in Scotland.
At-sitte, _v._ S. contradict, oppose, 2200. It corresponds with the term
_with-sitten_, 1683. In R. Gl. it is used synonymously with _at-stonde_.
For ther nas so god knygt non no-wer a-boute France,
That in joustes scholde _at-sitte_ the dynt of ys lance. --p. 137.
_See_ Sat.
Aucte, Auchte, Auhte, Authe, _n._ S. possessions, 531, 1223, 1410, 2215.
And alle the _æhten_ of mine londe.
_La[gh]amon_, l. 25173.
_Aughtte_, K. Alisaund. 6884. _Aucht_, Doug. Virg. 72, 4; Lynds. Gl.
Aucte, Auht, Auhte, _v. imp._ (originally _pa. t._ of Aw, or Owe) S.
[_ágan_, _áhte_] ought, 2173, 2787, 2800. _Aught_, Sir Tr. p. 44.
_Ohte_, K. Horn, 418. _Aght_, Yw. and Gaw. 3229. _Aute_, R. Gl. _Aught_,
Chauc. Troil. 3, 1801. _Aucht_, Doug. Virg. 110, 33.
Aute, Awcte, (_pa. t._ of the same verb), possessed, 207, 743. _Aught_,
Sir Tr. p. 182. Ly Beaus Desc. 1027. _Oght_, Le bone Flor. 650. _Auht_,
R. Br. p. 126; Wynt., Lynds. Gl.
Aueden. _See_ Haueden.
Aunlaz, _n._ Anelace, 2554. "A kind of knife or dagger, usually worn at
the girdle." Tyrw. note on Chauc. l. 359. So in Matth. Paris, "Genus
cultelli, quod vulgariter _Anelacius_ dicitur." V. Gl. in voc. and
Todd's Gl. to Illustr. of Chauc. In _Sir Gawan and Sir Galoran_, ii. 4,
an _anlas_ signifies a sharp spike fixed in the chanfron of a horse.
Probably from the Francic _Anelaz_, _Analeze_. V. Jam.
Auter, _n._ Fr. Lat. altar, 389, 1386, 2373. Sir Tr. p. 61, Octovian,
1312, R. Br., Chauc. _Awter_, Barb.
Ax, _n._ S. axe, 1776, 1894.
Ay, _adv._ S. ever, aye, always, 159, 946, 1201, &c. _Ae_, Sc. V. Jam.
Ayen. _See_ Agen.
Ayþer, _pron._ S. [_Ægþer_] either, each, 2665. _Eþer_, 1882. _Athir_,
Sc. V. Jam. _See_ Other.
Awe, _v._ S. to owe, own, possess, 1292. It may also very possibly be a
corruption of _Have_. Cf. ll. 1188, 1298.
Bac, _n._ S. back, 1844, 1950, &c; _backes_, _pl._ 2611.
Baldelike, _adv._ S. boldly, 53. _Baldeliche_, R. Glouc. _Baldely_,
R. Br., Minot, p. 20.
Bale, _n._ S. sorrow, misery, 327.
Bar. _See_ Beren.
Baret, _n._ (O.Fr. _barat_, Isl. _baratta_) contest, hostile contention,
1932.
Ther nis _baret_, nothir strif,
Nis ther no deth, ac euer lif.
_Land of Cokaygne_, ap. Hickes, Thes. 1, p. 231.
In alle this _barette_ the kynge and Sir Symon Tille a lokyng tham
sette, of the prince suld it be don.
_R. Brunne_, p. 216. Cf. p. 274.
That mekill bale and _barete_ till Ynglande sall brynge.
_Awntyrs of Arthure_, st. 23.
Barfot, _adj._ S. barefoot, 862.
Barnage, _n._ Fr. barons or noblemen collectively, baronage, 2947. Yw.
and Gaw. 1258. Web. Doug. Virg. 314, 48.
Barre, _n._ Fr. bar of a door, 1794, 1811, 1827. Synonymous with
Dore-tre, q.v. Chauc. C. T. 552.
Barw. _See_ Berwen.
Baþe, _adj._ S. both, 1336, 2543. _Bethe_, 694, 1680.
Be. _See_ Ben.
Be-bedde, _v._ S. to provide with a bed, 421.
Bede, _n._ S. prayer, 1385.
Bede, _v._ S. to order, to bid, 668, 2193, 2396; to offer, 1665, 2084,
2172. _Beden_, _pa. t. pl._ offered, 2774, 2780. _Bedes_, bids, 2392. Of
common occurrence in both senses. _See_ Bidd.
Bedden, _v._ S. to bed, put to bed, 1235. _Bedded_, _Beddeth_, _part.
pa._ put to bed, 1128, 2771.
Bedels, _n. pl._ S. beadles, 266. V. Spelm. in v. _Bedellus_, and
Blount, _Joc. Ten._ p. 120, ed. 1784.
Beite, Beyte, _v._ to bait, to set dogs on, 1840, 2330, 2440. _Bayte_,
R. Br. From the Isl. Beita, incitare; Su. Goth. _Beita biorn_, to bait
the bear. V. Jam. and Thomson's Etymons.
Bem. _See_ Sunne-bem.
Ben, _v._ S. to be, 19, 905, 1006, &c. _Ben_, _pr. t. pl._ are, 1787,
2559. _Be_, _Ben_, _part. pa._ been, 1428, 2799. _Bes_, _Beth_, _imp._
and _fut._ be, shall be, 1261, 1744, 2007, 2246. _Lat be_, 1265, 1657,
leave, relinquish, a common phrase in the Old Romances. _Lat abee_, Sc.
V. Jam.
Benes, _n. pl._ S. beans, 769.
Beneysun, _n._ Fr. blessing, benediction. 1723. R. Br., Web., Chauc.
C. T. 9239. Lynds. Gl.
Bere, _n._ S. bear, 573, 1838, 1840, 2448.
Bere, Beren, _v._ S. to bear, to carry, 581, 762, 805. _Ber_, 2557;
_Bar_, _pa. t._ bore, 557, 815, 877. _Bere_, 974. _Beres_, _pr. t. pl._
bear. 2323.
Bermen, _n. pl._ S. bar-men, porters to a kitchen, 868, 876, 885. The
only author in which this term has been found is La[gh]amon, in the
following passages:
Vs selve we habbet cokes,
to quecchen to cuchene,
Vs sulue we habbet _bermen_,
& birles inowe. --l. 3315.
Weoren in þeos kinges cuchene
twa hundred cokes,
& ne mæi na man tellen
for alle þa _bermannen_. --l. 8101.
Bern, _n._ S. child, 571. _Barn_, _bearne_, R. Br. _Bairn_, Sc.
Berwen, _v._ S. [_beorgan_] to defend, preserve, guard, 697, 1426;
_burwe_, 2870. _Barw_, _pa. t._ 2022, 2679. The original word is found
in Beowulf:
Scyld-weall gebearg
Líf and líce.
(The shield-wall defended
Life and body.) --l. 5134.
So in K. Horn, MS. Laud. 108.
At more ich wile the serue,
And fro sorwe the _berwe_. --f. 224_b_, c. 2.
Bes. _See_ Ben.
Bes for Best, 354.
Best, Beste, _n._ Fr. beast, 279, 574, 944, 2691.
Bete, _v._ S. [_beátan_] to beat, fight, 1899, 2664, 2763. _Beten_, _pa.
t. pl._ beat, struck, 1876. Chauc. C. T. 4206, to which Tyrwh. gives a
Fr. derivation.
Betere, _adv. comp._ S. better, 1758.
Beye, _v._ S. to buy, 53, 1654. _Byen_, 1625.
Beyes, _pr. t._ for Abeyes, S. suffers, or atones for, 2460.
His deth thou _bist_ to night,
Mi fo.
_Sir Tristr._ p. 146.
We shulden alle deye
Thy fader deth to _beye_.
_K. Horn_, 113.
An of yow schall _bye_ thys blunder.
_Le bone Flor._ 1330.
See Jam. in v. Aby. Web. Gl. and Lynds. Gl.; also Nares, v. Bye.
Bicomen, _pa. t. pl._ became, 2257; _part. pa._ become, 2264. _Bicomes_,
_imp. pl._ become (ye), 2303.
Bidd, Bidde, _v._ S. offer, 484, 2530; order, bid, 529, 1733. _Ut
bidde_, 2548, order out. _Biddes_, _pr. t._ bids, orders, 1232. _Bidde_,
to ask, 910. R. Glouc., Lynds. Gl. _See_ Bede.
Bidene, _adv._ forthwith, 730, 2841.
"Rohand told anon
His aventours _al bidene_."
_Sir Tr._ p. 45.
From Du. _bij dien_, by that.
Bifalle, _v._ S. to happen, befall, 2981. Bifel, _pa. t._ 824. _Fel_,
1009; appertained, 2359.
Biforn, _prep._ S. (1) before, 1022, 1034, 1364, &c.; _bifor_, 1357;
_biforen_, 1695; (2) in front of, 2406; _bifor_, 1812.
Bigan, _pa. t._ began, 1357. _Bigunnen_, _pl._ 1011, 1302. _Biginnen_,
_pr. t. pl._ begin, 1779.
Bihalue, _v._ S. to divide into two parts, or companies, 1834. _Halue_
occurs as a _noun_ in Chauc. Troil. 4, 945.
Bihel for Beheld, 1645. _Bihelden_, _pa. t. pl._ beheld, 2148.
Bihetet, _pa. t._ S. promised, 677. _Bihight_, Sir Tr. p. 105. _Behet_,
_Bihet_, R. Gl. _Be-hette_, R. Br. _Be-hete_, Web., Rits. M. R.
_Behighte_, Chauc.
Bihoten, _part. pa._ promised, 564. _Behighte_, Chauc.
Bihoue, _n._ S. behoof, advantage, 1764. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc.
Bikenneth, _pa. t._ S. betokens, 1268. _Bikenne_, R. Br.
Bileue, _imp._ tarry, remain, 1228. Bilefte, _pa. t._ remained, 2963.
From _v._ S. _belifan_, to be left behind.
Winde thai hadde as thai wolde,
A lond _bilaft_ he.
_Sir Tristr._ p. 29. Cf. pp. 38, 60.
He schal wiþ me _bileue_,
Til hit beo nir eue.
_K. Horn_, ed. Lumby, 363.
Horn than, withouten lesing,
_Bilaft_ at hom for blode-leteing.
_Horn Childe_, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 298.
Sojourn with us evermo,
I rede thee, son, that it be so.
Another year thou might over-fare,
But thou _bileve_, I die with care.
_Guy of Warw._ ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 23.
See also the Gl. to R. Gl., R. Br. and Web., to which add _Emare_, 496,
and Gower, Conf. Am. This is sufficient authority for the reading
adopted in the text, and it may hence be reasonably questioned, whether
_bilened_ in Lye, and _belenes_ in _Sir Gawan and Sir Galoran_, i. 6,
quoted by Jamieson in v. Belene, be not the fault of the scribe, or of
the Editors.
Bimene, _v._ S. mean, 1259.
Binden, _v._ S. to bind, 1961. Used passively, 2820, as _Bynde_, 42.
_Bounden_, _pa. t. pl._ 2442. _Bunden_, 2506. _Bounden_, _part. pa._
545. _Bunden_, 1428.
Binne, _adv._ S. within, 584. _Byn_, Rits. M. R. _But and ben_, Doug.,
Virg., 123, 40; without and within. V. Jam., in v. Ben.
Birde. _See_ Birþe.
Birþe (_should rather be_ birþ), _3 p. s. pres._ it behoves, 2101.
_Hence_ birde, _3 p. s. pt. t._ behoved, 2761. A.S. _býrian_,
_gebýrian_, to fit, suit, be to one's taste. See _Buren_ in Stratmann.
Birþene, _n._ S. burden, 900, 902.
Bise, _n._ Fr. a north wind, 724. _Bise traverse_, a north-west or
north-east wind. _Cotgr._
Après grant joie vient grant ire,
Et après Noel _vent bise_.
_Rom. de Renart_, 13648.
The term is still in common use.
Biseken, _v._ S. to beseech, 2994.
Biswike, _part. pa._ S. cheated, deceived, 1249.
Hu þu _biswikest_
Monine mon.
_La[gh]am._ l. 3412.
_Byswuke_, K. Horn, 296; Yw. and Gaw. 2335. _Bisuike_, R. Br. _Beswyke_,
R. C[oe]ur de L. 5918.
Bitaken, _v._ S. [_bit[´æ]can_, _t[´æ]can_] to commit, deliver, give in
charge, 1226. _Bitechen_, 203, 384, 395. _Bi-teche_, _pr. sing._ 384;
_imp. sing._ 395. La[gh]am. 5316. _Bitake_, Sir Tr. p. 87. _Byteche_,
K. Horn, 577. _Biteche_, Web. _Betake_, _Beteche_, Chauc., Barb., Wall.
_Bitaucte_, _pa. t._ delivered, 206, 558. _Bitauhte_, 2212, 2317, 2957.
_Bitawchte_, 1224. _Bitawte_, 1408. _Tauhte_, 2214. _Bitæht_,
_Bitachet_, La[gh]am. _Bitaught_, Sir Tr. p. 85. _Bitoke_, K. Horn,
1103. _Betok_, Ly Beaus Desc. 82. _Betauht_, _bitauht_, _tauht_,
_biteched_, R. Br. Bitake, R. Gl. _Betake_, Sir Guy. _Betaught_, Chauc.
_Betaucht_, Doug., Lynds.
Bite, _v._ S. to taste, drink, 1731.
Horn toc hit hise yfere,
Ant seide, Quene, so dere,
No beer nullich _bite_,
Bote of coppe white.
_K. Horn_ (Ritson), 1129.
Biþ for By the, 474. Cf. l. 2470.
Bituene, Bitwenen, Bitwene, _prep._ S. between, 748, 2668, 2967.
Blac, _adj._ S. black, 555, 1008. _Pl._ _Blake_, 1909, 2181, &c.
Blakne, _v._ S. to blacken in the face, grow angry, 2165.
And Arthur sæt ful stille,
ænne stunde he wes _blac_,
and on heuwe swithe wak,
ane while he wes reod.
_La[gh]am._ l. 19887.
Tho Normans were sorie, of contenance gan _blaken_.
_R. Brunne_, p. 183.
Blawe. _v._ S. to blow, 587. _Blou_, _imp._ blow, 585.
Blede, _v._ S. to bleed, 2403.
Bleike, _pl. adj._ bleak, pale, wan, 470. A.S. _blác_, bleak, Su.-G.
_blek_.
Blenkes, _n. pl._ blinks, winks of the eye, in derision, 307. R. Br.
p. 270; Sc. V. Jam. Suppl. Derived from S. _blican_, Su.-G. _blænka_,
Belg. _blencken_, to glance. _See_ Gl. Lynds.
Blinne, _v. n._ S. to cease, 2367, 2374. Sir Tr. p. 26; Rits. M. R.
Web., R. Gl., Chauc.; so in Sc. V. Jam. Gl. Lynds. _Blinne_, _pa. t.
pl._ ceased, 2670. _Blinneth_, _pr. t._ ceases, 329.
Blissed, _part pa._ S. blessed, 2873.
Bliþe, _adj._ S. happy, 632, 651.
Blome, _n._ S. bloom, flower, 63.
Bloute, _adj._ soft, 1910. Sw. _blöt_, soft, pulpy.
Bode, _n._ S. command, 2200, 2567. Sir Tr. p. 121, Web.
Bok, _n._ S. book, 1173, 1418, &c. _See_ Messe-bok.
Bole, _n._ [Isl. _bolli_, W. _bwla_. Cf. A.S. _bulluca_] bull, 2438.
_Boles_, _pl._ 2330.