interpolation not found in the first edition of 22d October, 1499, or the
second, which is dated 31st December, 1499, or in yet another edition
dated 31st May, 1500, all three of which have only fifty leaves instead
of sixty. Thus it would appear at first sight that Pigouchet and Vostre
printed Gringore’s additions in March, 1500, and omitted them again two
months afterwards in May. Inasmuch, however, as the French year 1500
ran from Easter Sunday, 19th April, 1500, to Easter Sunday, 11th April,
1501, it is obvious that the only 31st March in it fell in 1501 according
to our reckoning, and that the edition of 31st March, 1500, was really
produced in March, 1501, and is ten months later than that of May, 1500.
We thus get an orderly sequence of three unaugmented editions of fifty
leaves, followed by an augmented one of sixty, and all difficulties
vanish.
In Italy the year appears generally to have begun on January 1st, but
in Florence on Lady day, March 25th. At Venice the legal year is known
to have begun on March 1st, and most writers on Aldus have asserted
positively that this was the date to which he conformed. That other
Venetian printers observed January 1st as the first day of the year can
be proved from the mention of Pietro Mocenigo as doge in the colophon to
an edition of the “Istoria Fiorentina” of Leonardo Aretino. This ends:
Impresso a Vinegia perlo diligente huomo Maestro Iacomo de
Rossi di natione Gallo: Nellanno del Mcccclxxvj. a di xii de
Febraio: Regnante lo inclyto Principe Messer Piero Mozenico.
As our table of Venetian doges shows, Mocenigo died on February 23, 1476,
eleven days after this colophon was printed; and it is thus clear that
February, 1476, meant the same to “Maestro Iacomo de Rossi” as it does to
us.
That the antiquarian Aldus troubled his head about the beginning of the
Venetian legal year seems a strange inconsistency. But the late Mr. R.
C. Christie, who proved conclusively, in an article in “Bibliographica,”
that in his later books Aldus began his year on January 1st, was yet
obliged to admit that the Lascaris, which is dated “M.cccc.lxxxxiiii
ultimo Februarii,” was probably finished only a few days before the
Supplement, which bears date March 8, 1495, and that the Theodore Gaza
of January, and the Theocritus of February, 1495, both really belong to
1496. I would suggest that in adopting March 1st as his New Year’s day
in these three volumes, Aldus pleased himself with the idea that he was
reckoning not “more Veneto” but “more antiquo Romano,” since (as the
names of our last four months still testify) the Roman year originally
began in March, and it was only the fact that after B.C. 153 the consuls
entered office in January that caused our present reckoning to come
into use, the sacerdotal year continuing to begin on March 1st. If
Aldus, after adopting the Venetian legal year because it agreed with the
earliest Roman reckoning, was convinced that he was being a little more
Roman than the Romans themselves, it is easy to understand his change of
practice.
It would appear, then, that the only books for which we must reckon the
year as beginning later than January 1st are a few early books of Aldus
(March 1st), all English books of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,
and books printed at Florence (March 25th) and in France (Easter). I
strongly suspect, moreover, that in Florentine and French editions of
learned works written in Latin there would be a tendency toward January
1st, but I cannot offer any proof of this at present, though it is a
question which I hope some day to work out.
As the examples quoted in our text will have abundantly shown, the days
of the month are expressed either according to our present use or by the
Roman notation, reckoning from the Calends, Nones, and Ides. The Calends
were always the first day of the month, the Nones fell on the 5th, and
the Ides on the 13th, except in March, May, July, and October, when they
were each two days later. Days were counted backwards from the Nones,
Ides, and Calends, both the day from which and the day to which the
reckoning was made being included in the calculation. Thus March 2d was
called the sixth day before the Nones (ante diem sextum Nonas Martis),
and March 25th the seventh before the Calends of April (ante diem
septimum Kalendas Aprilis, or a. d. vii. Kal. Apr.). July and August are
sometimes called by their old names Quintilis and Sextilis.
In Germany, more especially at Strassburg, and in Strassburg more
especially by an unidentified craftsman known as the “Printer of the
1483 Jordanus de Quedlinburg,” we often find books dated on such and
such a day of the week before or after a festival of the church or a
particular Sunday, the Sunday being indicated by quoting the first word
of the introit used at high mass. Thus in 1485 the anonymous printer of
the Jordanus finished a “De Proprietatibus Rerum” on S. Valentine’s day
(in die Valentini, February 14th), the “Historia Scholastica of Petrus
Comestor” after the feast of S. Matthias (post festum Matthie, February
24th), the “Postilla” of Guillermus on Thursday (March 9th) before
the feast of S. Gregory (quarta feria ante festum Gregorii), a “Casus
breues decretalium” on the day of SS. Vitus and Modestus (in die Viti et
Modesti, June 15th), and Cardinal Turrecremata’s “Gloss on the Psalter”
on S. Michael’s eve (in profesto Michaelis, September 28th). To another
edition of the “Postilla” of Guillermus he adds the imprint:
Impressa Argentine Anno Domini M.cccc.xciij. Finita altera die
post Reminiscere.
“Reminiscere” is the beginning of the introit for the second Sunday in
Lent, and as Easter in 1493 (see our table) fell on April 7th, this was
March 3d, and the “Postilla” were finished on Monday, March 4th.
The colophon to a Strassburg edition of the sermons known by the title
“Dormi secure” tells us that it was issued “secunda feria post Laetare”
in the same year 1493. “Laetare” being the first word of the introit
for the fourth Sunday in Lent, it thus appeared on Monday, March 18th,
exactly a fortnight after the “Postilla” of Guillermus. So again we find
Hans Schauer of Augsburg dating an edition of a “Beichtbuchlein,” or
manual of confession, “am Samstag vor Invocavit in dem XCij. iar,”—on
Saturday before Invocavit, 1492,—which gives the date (Invocavit marking
the first Sunday in Lent and Easter in 1492 falling on April 22d),
Saturday, March 10th. It is generally only the introits of the first four
Sundays in Lent (Invocavit, Reminiscere, Oculi, and Laetare) and that of
the first Sunday after Easter (Quasimodo) that are used in colophons in
this way.
We may bring this chapter to an end by noting one or two fruitful causes
of error in dating books which arise from misunderstanding the reference
or meaning of the dates in their colophons. In Chapter VI it has already
been noted that where an author or editor has given the date on which he
finished writing, such a date has often been confused with the date of
imprint. More dangerous but much rarer than such a pitfall as this is the
case of the reprinted colophon (see Chapter VII), which can be detected
only by experts in typography. The majority of mistakes, however, arise
from very simple misreadings. In many fifteenth-century fonts of type
the symbols x and v are very imperfectly distinguished, so that the
five has often been mistaken for a ten. Modern eyes, again, being used
to the symbols iv, ix, xl, are very apt to read the fifteenth-century
iiii as iii, the viiii as viii, and the xxxx as xxx. On the other hand,
as they neared the end of the century the printers not only expressed
ninety-nine by ic, but also used the forms vc, iiiic, iiic, iic, to
express the years ’95 to ’98; and, as has been done here for the sake
of brevity, occasionally omitted the precedent Mcccc., as in the “in
dem XCij. iar” of the colophon of the “Beichtbuchlein,” quoted a page
or two back. They also, it may be noted, frequently expressed eighty by
the reasonable symbol for fourscore, or quatre vingt—namely, iiiixx.
These latter methods of writing dates, however, though they may puzzle
for a moment, can hardly mislead; but in the case of books issued in
the years 1470, 1480, 1490, and 1500 (more especially the last) there
is one error so easily made that it has left its mark on every old
catalogue of incunabula. Thus when Hermann Lichtenstein dated an edition
of the “Opuscula” of S. Thomas Aquinas “anno salutis M.cccc.xc. vii
Idus septembris” he encouraged any ignorant or careless cataloguer to
misread the date as 1497 on the “Ides of September,” instead of 1490 on
the seventh day before the “Ides of September.” The mistake may be made
just as easily when words are used instead of numerals, for “anno nostre
salutis millesimo quadringentesimo octogesimo quinto kalendas Iunij” is
very easily read as 1485. It is, of course, equally easy to make the
opposite mistake and transfer to the record of the month a number which
relates to the year. As a rule, the printers, by interposing “die” or
“vero” or both, or by a change of type, put their meaning beyond dispute;
but sometimes they got confused themselves, and by leaving out either
the last numeral of the year, or that of the day of the month, produced
a puzzle which can be solved only by independent knowledge of the years
during which a printer worked.
FOOTNOTES
[1] We follow Mr. Clark’s rendering, but think that, in spite of
Priscian, the writer must have intended by “_nullum se putat habere
laborem_,” “thinks all that mighty easy.”
[2] Adinuentionibus. The preposition was probably here intended to be
pressed, giving the meaning of “additional inventions” or improvements.
But as it may have been suggested by the “adinuentione” of the Psalter of
1457, I keep the same translation.
[3] I make this emendation with much misgiving, as the medieval use of
“quisque” was very elastic, and the text may be right.
[4] As regards the misprint MCCCCLXI for MCCCCLXXI, the ease with which
a compositor could omit a second X is evident of itself; but it may be
worth while, as proof of the frequency with which this particular error
actually occurred, to quote here four several colophons from a single
year, 1478, in all of which it occurs. These are:
(i) At Barcelona, in an edition of the “Pro condendis orationibus iuxta
grammaticas leges” of Bartollommeo Mates:
COLOPHON: Libellus pro efficiendis orationibus, ut grammaticae
artis leges expostulant, a docto uiro Bertolomeo Mates conditus
et per P. Iohannem Matoses Christi ministerum presbiterumque
castigatus et emendatus sub impensis Guillermi Ros et mira arte
impressa per Iohannem Gherlinc alamanum finitur barcynone nonis
octobriis anni a natiuitate Cristi MCCCCLXVIII.
A booklet for making speeches as the rules of the art of
grammar demand, composed by a learned man, Bartolommeo Mates,
and corrected and amended by Father Juan Matoses, a minister
and priest of Christ, at the expense of Guillermo Ros, and
printed with wonderful art by Johann Gherlinc, a German, is
ended at Barcelona on October 7th, in the year from Christ’s
birth MCCCCLXVIII.
(ii) At Oxford, in the edition of the Exposition on the Creed written by
Rufinus of Aquileia and attributed to S. Jerome:
COLOPHON: Explicit exposicio sancti Ieronimi in simbolo
apostolorum ad papam laurencium Impressa Oxonie et finita Anno
domini M.CCCC.LXVIII, xvii die decembris.
Here ends the Exposition of St. Jerome on the Apostles’ Creed
addressed to Pope Laurence. Printed at Oxford and finished A.D.
M.CCCC.LXVIII, on the 17th day of December.
(iii) At Venice, in an edition of the “De componendis versibus hexametro
et pentametro” of Mataratius printed by Erhard Ratdolt.
COLOPHON: Erhardus Ratdolt Augustensis probatissimus librarię
artis exactor summa confecit diligentia. Anno Christi
M.CCCC.LXVIII. vii calen. Decembris. Venetiis.
Erhard Ratdolt of Augsburg, a most upright practitioner of the
bookish art, finished this with the utmost diligence. In the
year of Christ M.CCCC.LXVIII. On November 25th. At Venice.
(iv) At Cologne, in an edition of the letters of Pope Pius II printed by
Johann Koelhoff, the omission in this case being a double one.
COLOPHON: Pii secundi pontificis maximi cui ante summum
episcopatum primum quidem imperiali secretario, mox episcopo,
deinde etiam cardinali senensi Enee Siluio nomen erat Familiares
epistole date ad amicos in quadruplici vite eius statu finiunt.
Per me Iohannem Koelhoff de Lubeck Colonie incolam Anno
incarnationis M.CCCC.LVIII.
Of Pope Pius II, who, before he attained the supreme bishopric,
as imperial secretary, afterward as bishop, then as cardinal,
was called Enea Silvio, the Familiar Letters, written to his
friends in his fourfold condition of life, come to an end. By
me, Johann Koelhoff of Lubeck, an inhabitant of Cologne, in the
year of the Incarnation M.CCCC.LVIII.
The antiquaries of Oxford and Barcelona at various times have made what
fight they could for the correctness of the dates as printed, but the
contest has long since been decided against them, while the careers
of Ratdolt and Koelhoff are so well known that in their cases the
incorrectness of the dates has always been a matter of certainty.
[5] A colophon to Wynkyn de Worde’s edition of the Lives of the Fathers
(Vitas Patrum) deserves mention here as presenting us with a picture
of Caxton, like the Venerable Bede, engaged in his favorite task of
translation up to the very close of his life. It runs: “Thus endyth the
moost vertuose hystorye of the deuoute and right renowned lyues of holy
faders lyuuynge in deserte, worthy of remembraunce to all wel dysposed
persones, whiche hath be translated out of Frenche into Englisshe by
William Caxton of Westmynstre, late deed, and fynysshed at the laste daye
of his lyff. Enprynted in the sayd towne of Westmynstre by me Wynken
de Worde the yere of our lorde MCCCCLXXXXV and the tenth yere of our
souerayne lorde Kyng Henry the Seuenth.”
[6] Hain put a _sic_ against these words, and I am unable to translate
them, unless they be a misprint for “legum periti”—skilled in the law.
[7] Impressa est hec presens cronica que fasciculus temporum dicitur in
florentissima vniuersitate louaniensi ac sicut propriis cuiusdam deuoti
carthusiensis, viri historiarum studiosissimi, manibus, a mundi inicio
vsque ad sixti huius nomine pape quarti tempora contexta erat, per me
iohannem veldener summa diligentia maiorique impensa, nonnullis additis
ymaginibus ad finem vsque deducta, et proprio signeto signata, Sub anno
a natiuitate domini .M.cccc.lxxvi. quarto kalendas ianuarias secundum
stilum romane curie, de quo sit deus benedictus. Amen.
The present chronicle, which is called the “Fasciculus Temporum,” printed
in the most flourishing university of Louvain and in like manner as it
was compiled by the very hands of a devout Carthusian, a most zealous
student of history, by me, Jan Veldener, with the utmost diligence and
at unusual expense, with additional illustrations, brought to an end and
signed with my own device, in the year from the Lord’s nativity 1476, on
the fourth day before the Kalends of January (December 29), by the style
of the Roman court. For which God be blessed. Amen.
[8] _Aptatam_, a better reading than the _optatam_ of the earliest
version. So, in l. 2, the original reading, _nosce_, has been corrected
to _nosse_.
[9] Finis operum Hrosvithae clarissimae virginis et monialis Germaniae
gente Saxonica ortae. Impressum Norunbergae sub priuilegio sodali[ta]tis
Celticae a senatu Rhomani Imperii impetratae. Anno Quingentesimo primo
supra millesimum.
Here end the works of Hroswitha, the most illustrious virgin and nun of
Germany, sprung from the Saxon race, under a privilege of Celtes and his
company, obtained from the Senate of the Roman Empire in the year 1501.
[10] Iohannes ex uerona oriundus: Nicolai cyrugie medici filius: Artis
impressorie magister: hunc de re militari librum elegantissimum: litteris
& figuratis signis sua in patria primus impressit. An. M.cccc.lxxii.
[11] Insignis notabilisque compilatio haud modicum cuique statui
conferens omne genus vitiorum suis cum speciebus clarissime euidenterque
eradicans. ob id non immerito destructorium vitiorum nuncupata. a
cuiusdam fabri lignarii filio. maximam ad ecclesie vtilitatem Anno
M.cccc.xxix. collecta de nouo Colonie exactissime correcta. ac summo
studio impressa. ad laudem summe Monadis. xvii Kalendas Septembris. Anno
domini Millesimo quadringentesimo octuagesimo-quinto finita.
[12] The regnal years of Mary before her marriage are usually added to
those of Philip and Mary as joint sovereigns. Thus dates from 25 July,
1554-5 July, 1555, inclusive, are quoted as 1st and 2d Philip and Mary,
_i.e._, the first year of their joint rule and the second of Mary’s
reign. Dates from 6 July (the anniversary of her accession) to 24 July,
1555, are 1st and 3d Philip and Mary, _i.e._, the first year of their
joint rule and the third of Mary’s reign.
INDEXES
I
INDEX
BOOKS FROM WHICH COLOPHONS ARE QUOTED
PAGE
Accoltus, F. Commentaria de acquirenda possessione. 1486.
_Pescia, L. & F. de Cennis_, 99
Adrianus Carthusiensis. De remediis utriusque fortunae. 1471.
_Cologne, A. therhoernen_, 177
Albertus, Magister. Sermones. 1474. _Cologne, A. therhoernen_, 92
Albohazen Haly. Liber Regalis. 1492. _Venice, B. Ricius_, 111
Alexander Gallus. Doctrinale. 1493. _Acqui, s. n. t._, 65
Antonius de Alexandro. Super secundo codicis Iustiniani. 1474.
_Naples, S. Riessinger_, 75
Athanasius contra Arium &c. 1500. _Paris, A. Bocard_, 98
Atila persecutore de la christiana fede. 1491. _Venice, s. n. t._, 70
Augustine. De Ciuitate Dei. 1473. _Mainz, P. Schoeffer_, 23
—— 1470. _Venice, J. & W. of Speier_, 36
—— 1486/87. _Abbeville, Dupré & Gerard_, 179
Augustine. Explanatio Psalmorum. 1489. _Basel, Jo. de Amerbach_, 143
Augustine. Manuale. 1471. _Treviso, G. de Lisa_, 59
Avicenna. De medicina. 1473. _Milan, F. da Lavagna_, 60
Balbus, Jo. Catholicon. 1460. _Mainz, s. n. t._, 13
—— 1469. _Augsburg, G. Zainer_, 81
Bartolus de Saxoferrato. Lectura super prima parte Digesti Veteris.
1478. _Venice, John of Cologne & J. Manthen_, 55
Bartolus de Saxoferrato. Lectura super secunda parte Digesti
Veteris. 1473. _Venice, W. of Speier_, 39
Biblia Latina. 1462. _Mainz, Fust & Schoeffer_, 10
—— 1476. _Vicenza, L. Achates_, 94
Biel, Gabriel. Sermo Dominicae Passionis. _s. a. Hagenau,
s. n. t._, 143
Boccaccio, Giovanni. Genealogiae Deorum. 1481. _Reggio, L. &
B. Bruschus_, 71
Bonetus de Latis. Annulus Astronomicus. c. 1496. _Rome, A.
Freitag_, 130
Boniface VIII. Liber Sextus Decretalium. 1465. _Mainz, Fust
& Schoeffer_, 17
—— 1473. _Mainz, P. Schoeffer_, 23
—— 1472. _Rome, U. Han_, 165
—— 1477. _Basel, M. Wenssler_, 82
Bononia Illustrata. 1494. _Bologna, P. de Benedictis_, 74
Brant, Seb. La Nef des Fols. 1497 [misprinted in text 1457].
_Paris, G. Marnef_, 106
Breviarium Illerdense. 1479. _Lerida, H. Botel_, 102
Bridget, S. Revelationes. 1500. _Nuremberg, A. Koberger_, 149
Bruno, Hen. Super Institutionibus. c. 1488. _Louvain, Aeg. van
der Heerstraten_, 128
Butrio, Antonio de. Comment. super primo decretalium. 1473.
_Rome, U. Han_, 101
Capella, Martianus. Opera. 1499. _Vicenza, H. de Sancto Urso_, 115
Capitulos de governadores. 1500. _Seville, Pegnitzer & Herbst_, 118
Castro, Paulus de. Consilia. 1485. _Nuremberg, A. Koberger_, 139
Cavalca, Domenico. Frutti della Lingua. _s. a. Florence, s. n. t._, 154
Cavalca, Domenico. Specchio di Croce. _s. a. Florence, s. n. t._, 154
Caxton, William. Cronycles of England. 1493. _Antwerp, G. Leeu_, 72
Charles the Great. 1485. _Westminster, W. Caxton_, 136
Christine de Pisan. Fayts of Arms. 1489. _Westminster, W. Caxton_, 137
Christine de Pisan. Moral Proverbes. 1478. _Westminster, W. Caxton_, 174
Cicero. De Officiis. 1478. _Naples, s. n. t._, 162
Cicero. De Oratore. 1470. _Venice, C. Valdarfer_, 49
Cicero. Epistolae ad Atticum. 1470. _Venice, N. Jenson_, 43
Cicero. Epistolae ad Familiares. 1469. _Venice, John of Speier_, 32
—— Second edition, 33
—— 1471. _Venice, N. Jenson_, 48
—— 1472. _Milan, F. da Lavagna_, 149
Cicero. Officia et Paradoxa. 1465. _Mainz, Fust & Schoeffer_, 18
Cicero. Orationes. 1471. _Venice, C. Valdarfer_, 50
—— 1472. _Venice, Adam of Ammergau_, 52
Cicero. Orationes Philippicae. c. 1470. _Rome, U. Han_, 88
Cicero. Rhetorica. 1470. _Venice, N. Jenson_, 42
Cleve, Johann von. Moteta. 1580. _Augsburg, P. Ulhard & A.
Reinheckel_, 129
Colonna, F. de. Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. 1499. _Venice, Aldus_, 124
Cordyale. 1479. _Westminster, W. Caxton_, 176
Curtius, Franciscus. Consilia. 1496. _Milan, U. Scinzenzeler_, 115
Cyprian. Epistulae. 1471. _Rome, Sweynheym & Pannartz_, 87
Dante. Divina Commedia. 1476. _Venice, W. of Speier_, 40
Decor Puellarum. _See_ Honore de le Donzelle.
Destructorium Vitiorum. 1485. _Cologne, s. n. t._, 168
—— 1496. _Nuremberg, A. Koberger_, ib.
—— 1497. _Paris, P. Levet_, ib.
Durandus, Gul. Speculum. 1488. _Venice, Paganinis & Arrivabene_, 166
Exercitium puerorum grammaticale. 1494. _Strassburg, s. n. t._, 95
Faber, Joannes. Breviarium super codice. c. 1475. _Louvain, John
of Westphalia_, 84
Fasciculus Temporum. 1476. _Louvain, J. Veldener_, 84
—— 1481. _Rougemont, H. Wirzburg_, 167
—— 1482. _Basel, B. Richel_, ib.
—— 1495. _Geneva, s. n. t._, 168
Gambilionibus, Angelus de. Lectura super Institutionum libros
quatuor. 1473. _Pavia, Jo. de Sidriano_, 58
Gambilionibus, Angelus de. Tractatus Maleficiorum. 1472. _Mantua,
Petrus Adam_, 60
Godefroy of Boloyne. 1481. _Westminster, W. Caxton_, 134
Gregory IX. Decretales. 1474. _Rome, U. Han_, 108
—— 1489. _Venice, P. de Paganinis_, 169
—— 1491. _Venice, Jo. Hamann_, ib.
Gringore, P. Le Chasteau de Labour. 1500/01. _Paris, Pigouchet
for Vostre_, 179
Guido de Baysio. Super Decretis. 1481. _Venice, John of
Cologne & Jenson_, 78
Guillermus. Postilla. 1493. _Strassburg, s. n. t._, 183
Harderwyck, Gerard. Commentarii in quatuor libros noue logice.
1494. _Cologne, U. Zell_, 156
Herolt, Joannes. Sermones Discipuli de Tempore. 1476. _Rostock,
Brothers of the Common Life_, 93
Homeliarius Doctorum. 1499. _Basel, N. Kessler_, 155
Homer. Opera. 1488. _Florence, B. Libri_, 5
Honore de le Donzelle. ‘1461.’ _Venice, N. Jenson_, 45
Hroswitha. Opera. 1501. _Nuremberg, Sodalitas Celtica_, 119
Hugo de S. Caro. Postilla super Psalterium. 1496. _Venice,
Gregorii_, 112
Jacobus Bergomensis. Supplementum Chronicarum. 1483. _Venice,
B. Benalius_, 131
—— 1490. _Venice, B. Rizus_, 132
Jerome. Commentaria in Bibliam. 1498. _Venice, Gregorii_, 112
Jerome. Epistulae. 1470. _Mainz, P. Schoeffer_, 19
Jerome. Expositio in symbolum Apostolorum. _See_ Rufinus.
Journal Spirituel. 1505. _Paris, A. Vérard_, 105
Justinian. Codex. 1475. _Mainz, P. Schoeffer_, 24
Justinian. Institutiones. 1476. _Mainz, P. Schoeffer_, 26
Laet, Joannes. Pronosticationes. 1476. _Louvain, John of
Westphalia_, 86
Leonardo, Aretino. De Bello Italico. 1471. _Venice, N. Jenson_, 48
Leonardo, Aretino. Istoria Fiorentina. 1476. _Venice, Ja. de Rossi_, 180
Lima Vitiorum. _See_ Quadragesimale.
Lucretius. De Rerum Natura. c. 1473. _Brescia, T. Ferrandus_, 153
Luctus Christianorum. _See_ Pianto de Christiani.
Malory, Sir Thomas. Morte d’Arthur. 1485. _Westminster, W. Caxton_, 125
Mandeville, Sir John. Itinerarius. _s. a. Caracteribus Veneticis_, 80
Maneken, Carolus. Epistolarum Formulae. 1476. _Louvain, J.
Veldener_, 164
Mataratius, Franciscus. De componendis versibus. ‘1468.’
_Venice, E. Ratdolt_, 46 _note_
Mates, Bartolommeo. Libellus pro efficiendis orationibus.
‘1468.’ _Barcelona, Jo. Gherlinc_, 46 _note_
Matthaeus Silvaticus. Liber cibalis. 1474. _Naples, Arnold of
Brussels_, 106
Miraculi de la Vergene Maria. ‘1469.’ _Milan, Lavagna_, 60
Mirror of the World. 1480. _Westminster, W. Caxton_, 176
Missale Vratislauiense. 1483. _Mainz, P. Schoeffer_, 8
Missale Misnense. 1485. _Freiberg, C. Kachelofen_, 66
Missale Romanum. 1484. _Venice, Paganinis & Arrivabene_, 147
Missale Salisburgense. 1498. _Nuremberg, G. Stuchs_, 145
Natta, Georgius. Repetitio de verborum significatione. 1482.
_Pavia, C. de Canibus_, 125
Nicolaus de Auximo. Supplementum Summae Pisanellae (author’s
colophon), 133
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