Article LVII.
The Judicature shall be exercised by the Courts of Law
according to law, in the name of the Emperor. The organization
of the Courts of Law shall be determined by law.
Article LVIII.
The judges shall be appointed from among those, who possess
proper qualifications according to law. No judge shall be
deprived of his position, unless by way of criminal sentence
or disciplinary punishment. Rules for disciplinary punishment
shall be determined by law.
Article LIX.
Trials and judgments of a Court shall be conducted publicly.
When, however, there exists any fear that such publicity may
be prejudicial to peace and order, or to the maintenance of
public morality, the public trial may be suspended by
provision of law or by the decision of the Court of Law.
Article LX.
All matters, that fall within the competency of a special
Court, shall be specially provided for by law.
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Article LXI.
No suit at law, which relates to rights alleged to have been
infringed by the legal measures of the executive authorities,
and which shall come within the competency of the Court of
Administrative Litigation specially established by law, shall
be taken cognizance of by a Court of Law.