[79] Professor James.
[80] Mentioned above under full name of Chi Shou-ch’eng. Chi Pin was his
“hao” or intimate personal name.
[81] Ching Shan’s house was just inside the Tung An Gate of the Imperial
City, about a quarter of a mile to the north of the present Legation area
boundary.
[82] This favourite companion of Tzŭ Hsi was really Jung Lu’s secondary
consort, who was only raised to the rank of _la première légitime_ after
his first wife’s death in September, 1900. She survived him and continued
to exercise great influence with the Old Buddha.
[83] A short biographical note on Chang Chih-tung will be found in the
Appendix.
[84] _Vide_ under June 20th.
[85] A quotation from Mencius.
[86] Quotation from Mencius.
[87] History of events under the Chou dynasty, by Confucius; one of the
Five Classics.
[88] How well and successfully she did it, has been told in Miss
Catherine A. Carl’s book, _With the Empress Dowager of China_. The
painting of her portrait for the St. Louis exhibition was in itself
an example of Tzŭ Hsi’s “cardinal virtues of government,” which she
practised with conspicuous success on the simple-minded wife of the
American Minister, Mrs. Conger. (_Vide_ Cordier, _Relations de la Chine_,
Vol. III., p. 423.)
[89] The second character of Prince Tuan’s name contained the radical
sign for _dog_, and was given him by the Emperor Hsien-Feng, because he
had been begotten during the period of mourning for his parent Tao-Kuang;
it being an offence, under Chinese law, for a son to be begotten during
the twenty-seventh months of mourning for father or mother.
[90] A classical allusion, in common use, equivalent to “Ne sutor ultra
crepidam.”
[91] A traitor whose crime and punishment are recorded in the Spring and
Autumn Annals.
[92] A classical expression, meaning the Spirit-world.
[93] Referring to his part in the _coup d’état_ of 1898.
[94] The expression is figurative.
[95] A species of owl—classical reference.
[96] Consort of Kuang-Hsü, now Empress Dowager, known by the honorific
title of Lung-yü.
[97] Prince Ch’un subsequently married Jung Lu’s daughter, by special
command of the Empress Dowager.
[98] This Memorial was never published officially, and Tzŭ Hsi refrained
from issuing a Rescript thereto; it was forwarded by an official with
the Court at Hsi-an to one of the vernacular papers at Shanghai, which
published it.
[99] A lane four hundred yards north of the glacis which now surrounds
the Legation quarter.
[100] Quotation from Confucius.
[101] Tzŭ Hsi was addicted to gentle sarcasm of this kind in Decrees.
[102] Admiral Seymour’s expedition.
[103] See Dr. Smith’s “China in Convulsion,” page 361.
[104] The North Gate of the Imperial City.
[105] At that time Governor-designate of Shensi. He had come north with
troops to defend the capital.
[106] Tutor of the Heir Apparent, father-in-law of the Emperor
T’ung-Chih, his daughter, the Empress Chia-Shun (A-lu-te), had committed
suicide in 1875 (_vide supra_).
[107] An allusion to Kuang-Hsü’s order for Jung Lu’s summary execution in
September 1898.
[108] See biographical note, _infra_ (Appendix).
[109] Deceased, 26th August 1910.
[110] As he had done for Tzŭ Hsi’s son, the Emperor T’ung-Chih.
[111] Amongst Chinese officials no characteristic is more common than
their jealousy of each other and their promiscuous habit of backbiting
and slandering.
[112] It was because of Tung Fu-hsiang’s great popularity in Kansu that
Her Majesty, fearing another rebellion, hesitated to order his execution.
[113] This sentence is equivalent to imprisonment for life.
[114] See Ching Shan’s Diary, page 258; also cf. page 324.
[115] The Empress Dowager was from the outset most anxious to screen
and protect this official, for whom she had a great personal regard. On
reviewing his case in the light of later information and current public
opinion, it would appear that most of his actions were instigated, if not
ordered, by Kang Yi, and that the decision of the foreign Ministers to
insist upon his death was taken without any very definite information as
to his share of guilt.
[116] In accordance with prescribed custom.
[117] He was directly descended from Nurhachu, the conqueror of the Mings.
[118] This was no empty boast. Yü Hsien, cold-blooded fanatic that he
was, bore a most honourable name for absolute integrity and contempt for
wealth. He died in poverty, so miserable, that amongst all his clothes
there was not one suit new enough to be fittingly used for his burial
robes. His name is still held in high honour by the people of Shansi,
who sing the praises of his Governorship, and who claim that his proud
spirit it was which protected their Province from being invaded by the
foreigners. They erected a shrine to his memory, but it was demolished to
appease the foreign Powers.
[119] The Chinese rendering of a German name.
[120] This is the Chinese date; the day of the audience was the 4th
September.
[121] Wen T’i had been a censor in 1898, but was cashiered by the Emperor
for being reactionary. Tzŭ Hsi restored him to favour after the _coup
d’état_.
[122] Precisely the same quotation was used by Ch’ung Hou in a despatch
to the British Minister (Mr. Wade) in 1861, under somewhat similar
circumstances. Since that date the most frequent criticism of foreign
observers on the subject has been “_plus ça change, plus c’est la même
chose_.”
[123] The literal translation of the Chinese is, “She has eaten her meal
at sunset, and worn her clothes throughout the night.”
[124] Ginseng, the specific remedy of the Chinese pharmacopœia for
debility, supposed to possess certain magical qualities when grown
in shapes resembling the human form or parts thereof. The best kind,
supplied as tribute to the Throne, grows wild in Manchuria and Corea.
[125] This house-law was made by the Emperor Ch’ien Lung to prevent his
Court officials from intriguing for the favour of the Heir Apparent.
[126] The chief eunuch in reality objected to the Buddhist pontiff on
his own account, for the Lama’s exactions from the superstitious would
naturally diminish his own opportunities.
[127] He had succeeded Jung Lu as custodian of the mausolea.
[128] The Imperial Mausoleum lies about ninety miles to the east of
Peking, covering a vast enclosure of magnificent approach and decorated
with splendid specimens of the best style of Chinese architecture. It
consists of four palaces, rising one behind the other, and at the back
of the fourth and highest stands the huge mound classically termed the
“Jewelled Citadel,” under which lies the spacious grave chamber.
[129] _Vide_ Biographical Note in the Appendix.
[130] 2nd January, 1909.
[131] _Vide_ the Diary of Ching Shan, page 259.
[132] Grant Richards, 1901.
[133] Two patriarchial rulers of China (B.C. _circa_ 2300) whose wise
principles of government were immortalised by Confucius.
[134] _With the Empress Dowager of China_ (Eveleigh Nash, 1906).
[135] Since the days of the Emperor Ch’ien-Lung, these expenses have
averaged some forty millions of taels per annum. _Vide_ “_The Times_,”
special article, 7th Dec., 1909.
[136] The nucleus of this hoard was the money confiscated from the
usurping Regent Su Shun in 1861.
[137] An account of his life was given in a memoir published by _The
Times_ on the 6th October, 1909.
[138] _Vide supra_, Chapter I., page 12.
[139] It has remained thus in many districts until now, vast solitudes
of ruins being the chief characteristic of a region that, before the
rebellion, supported some thirty million inhabitants.
[140] Subsequently Governor of Formosa.
INDEX
Actors, Palace, 86, 87, 492
Admiralty, _vide_ Navy
Adviser to the Government, _vide_ Prince Kung; also Prince Ch’un
Adviser to the Regency, _vide_ Prince Ch’un
Aisin Gioros, 4, 6, 167
A-Lu-Te, Empress, 118-132-162
suicide of, 129, 350
Ancestor worship, 134, 328, 473-4
Ancestral shrines, 167
Ancestral tablet, 470, 473-4
Annals of dynasty, _vide_ Dynastic
Annam, 505
Anti-foreign movement, 230, 305, 334, 336;
also _vide_ Boxer movement
An Wei-chun, 171
Astrologers, 387, 471, 485-6
Audiences, procedure at, 58, 75, 77, 103, 111, 113, 188, 408, 412, 452
Banishment, _vide_ Post-roads
Baron von Ketteler, 271, 273, 278, 288, 305, 316, 330, 332, 384
“Benign Countenance,” 53
Berlin, mission to, 383-386
Big Sword Society, 255
Birthday celebrations, 168, 450-1
Black List, 1900, 104
Blood brotherhood, 206, 361
Board of Punishments, 227
Board of Rites, 190, 192, 197, 207
Bombardment of Peking, 297, 344
Book of Odes, quoted, 265
Boxer chiefs, 281, 323, 331, 363, 369-374
Boxer movement, 82, 100, 180, 195, 228, 243, 246-250, 260 to 303,
311-12, 364, 440, 512
British Minister, 215, 228, 241, 503
British Policy, 214-5, 339
Brooks, Revd., 255
Bruce, Sir F., 24
Burial Ceremonies, 17, 19, 61-2, 136, 149, 465, 470, 475
Burning of Legations, 263, 364
Burying Alive, 147, 472
Caligraphy, Edict _re_, 195
Cantonese, lampooners, 84, 225, 491
reformers, 100, 185, 219, 220, 225, 418
Capture of Peking, 1860, 17 _et seq._
Carl, Miss, 290, 492
Censorate, 86, 88, 122, 147, 163, 172, 195, 305, 488, 492, 494, 501,
512
and eunuchs, 82, 109
Chang Chih-tung, 140, 220, 278, 353, 398, 429, 483, 501-6
Chang Yin-huan, 173, 185, 202, 220-1, 228
Chao, Duke, 6
Chao Erh-hsün, 159
Chao Kuang-yin, Emperor, 133
Chao Shu-ch’iao, 256, 258, 269, 298, 324, 357, 364, 366-9, 370
Cheng, Prince, _vide_ Tuan Hua
Ch’en Lien-fang, Dr., 216-19
Ch’en Pao-chen, 186, 196
Ch’en Tu-en, 53
Chia Ch’ing, Emperor, 247
Chia Hsun, Empress, _vide_ A-Lu-Te
Chief Eunuch, _vide_ Eunuchs
Ch’ien Lung, Emperor, 45, 83, 149, 164, 350, 442, 445
Ch’i Hsiu, 260-1, 264-5, 295, 314, 324, 367, 374
Chi Lu, Chamberlain, 361, 402, 415
China’s Foreign Policy, 338
Chinese Resident in Corea, 171, 201
Ching Hsin, 252
Ch’ing, Prince, 99, 104, 256, 259, 271, 278, 334, 342, 372, 374, 384,
438, 447, 450, 456, 473
Ching Shan, 224, 251-303, 327, 413, 478
death of, 251
Ching Yüan-shan, 219
Chi Shou-ch’eng, 255-6, 260, 272, 286, 291
Ch’i Ying, Envoy, 12, 502
Chou Dynasty, 315
Chou Tsu-p’ei, 41
Christianity, 105, 248, 260, 268, 313, 336, 392, 461, 505
Christians massacred, 282, 286, 292, 331, 415
Chuang, Prince, 270, 273, 282, 286, 357, 365, 370
Chu Hung-teng, 311
Ch’ung Ch’i, 118, 350, 351
Ch’ung Hou, 419, 501-2
Chung Li, 257
Ch’un, House of, 5, 158, 164, 446
Ch’un, Prince (brother of Kuang Hsü), 5, 302, 383, 444, 446, 451,
458, 462
Ch’un, Prince (the first), 5, 99, 121-2, 125, 130, 143, 158-65, 167,
446
adviser to Grand Council, 160
death of, 166
Clan Imperial, _vide_ Imperial
Classical essays, _vide_ Examinations
Coast Defences, 100, 328
“Cobbler’s Wax” Li, _vide_ Li Lien-ying
“Cold Palace,” 32, 149
Colleges, 194, 196, 205, 222, 429, 461, 493
Concubines, Palace, 9, 107, 162, 209, 225, 231, 300, 408, 429 (also
_vide_ under “Pearl” and “Lustrous”)
Conferences, Palace, 125-6, 297, 457
Confucian system, 64, 136, 213, 226-7, 236, 245, 307, 328, 363, 488,
512
Confucius, 83, 469, 484-5
quoted, 113, 260, 288, 302, 319, 420
Conger, Mrs., 290, 488
Conservative Party, 194, 197, 201-10, 221, 229, 235
Conspiracy of Regents, _vide_ Tsai Yuan
Constitutional Government, 106, 221, 425, 431, 438, 441, 450, 461,
468, 498
Consular Service, British, 339
Corea, 168, 170, 201, 390
Council, Grand, _vide_ Grand
_Coup d’état_, 169 _et seq._, 201-210, 213, 438, 451, 505, 511
Court Ceremonies, 58, 75, 130, 153, 168, 178, 206, 208, 212, 218,
355, 412, 450, 462, 492
Court in exile, 97, 344
Court of Astronomers, 34, 117, 493
Court physicians, 217-8, 448, 457
Court’s return to Peking, 353, 357, 394, 399, 404-11, 486
Criminal Code, 431
Czar’s Coronation, 182
Dalai Lama, 448, 452, 454-5
Decrees:—
1860: 24, 26, 27, 28, 29
1861: 34, 42, 44, 45, 46, 54, 60
1864: 67, 86
1865: 60, 62
1866: 89
1869: 92, 93
1872: (T’ung Chih’s majority), 117
1873: (Foreign Ministers’ audiences), 115
1874: (T’ung Chih’s illness), 120
1884: (Dismissal of Prince Kung), 154
1889: (Position of Emperor’s father), 164
1894: (Tzŭ Hsi’s 60th birthday), 168
(_Re_ Censor An Wei-chun), 175
1898: (Death of Prince Kung), 183
(Chinese _versus_ Manchus), 231
(Coup d’état), 207, 221
(K’ang Yu-wei), 204, 226
(Reform Edicts), 186-7, 196-7, 199
(_Re_ lawsuits), 240
(The Boxers charter), 241, 243
(Tzŭ Hsi’s policy), 237
(Weng T’ung-ho), 188
(Yüan Shih-k’ai), 203
1900: (Heir Apparent), 303
(Boxers Punished), 364, 367
(Disowning Boxers), 331
(Expiatory), 349
(Flight to Hsi-an), 354
(Return to Peking), 357
(Yangtsze Viceroys), 330
1901: (Conversion to Reform), 419-424, 426
(Cancels Boxer Edicts), 375
(Penitential), 376
1902: (_Re_ Jung Lu), 414
(Reforms), 416
1903: (Death of Jung Lu), 437
1905: (Constitutional Government), 431-2
1908: (Death of Kuang Hsü), 460
(Imperial Succession), 462
(Regency), 465
(Tzŭ Hsi’s Valedictory), 467-9
(Valedictory), 461
Déthève, Dr., 217
Diplomatic Body, 241, 265, 335, 401, 412-3, 452, 495
ladies of, 214, 241, 290, 412, 434, 495
District magistrates, 199, 205, 235, 240, 243, 441
“Divine Mother,” 240
Du Chaylard, 268
Dynastic annals, 338, 437, 477
Edicts, _vide_ Decrees
Educational Reform, 430, 505
Elephant, Tzŭ Hsi’s, 454
Elgin, Lord, 12, 24-5
Emperor of Japan, telegram to, 333, 335, 337
Emperor of Russia, telegram to, 333, 335
Emperor’s education, 87, 107, 127, 233
Empress Consort (Tzŭ An), _vide_ Tzŭ An
Empress Dowager, _vide_ Tzŭ Hsi, and Yehonala
Empress Dowager, widow of Kuang Hsü (Lung Yü), 4, 301, 447, 464-5
Empress Grand Dowager (Tzŭ Hsi), 464
Empress Mother, 35, 150, 177
Empress of Kuang Hsü, 163, 177, 209, 301, 346, 447
Empress of the East, _vide_ Tzŭ An
Empress of the West, _vide_ Tzŭ Hsi
En Hai, 271, 288, 305
En Ming, En Ch’u, En Ch’un, En Lin, sons of Ching Shan, 251-303
Etiquette, _vide_ Audiences, Ceremonies, Court, &c.
Eunuchs, place of origin, 85
all Manchus, 429
Chief Eunuch An Te-hai, 38, 63, 85, 88, 90 _et seq._, 122, 154, 259
Li Lien-ying, 82, 84-5, 94-5, 97-8, 208, 267, 300, 453, 472
and Dalai Lama, 448
and Pearl Concubine, 300
and the Navy funds, 169, 196
at Hsi-an, 355, 360
collecting tribute, 402
corrupt practices of, 353, 495
denounced by Censor, 174
during flight of Court, 341
hostility to Emperor of, 100, 179, 199
in disgrace, 102
power of, 103, 151, 162, 360, 435
supports Boxers, 258, 263, 279
Wei Chung, 83
Decree against, 89
duties at audiences, 85
Eunuch Sun, 184, 356
evil influences of, 81 _et seq._, 119, 494
Memorial denouncing, 107
under K’ang Hsi, 83
under Ming dynasty, 81, 152, 466
European morals, &c., 111, 268
Ever-victorious army, 66
Examinations, system of, 180, 187, 190, 192, 235-6, 429, 484
Extra-territoriality, 430
Flight of Court (1860), 18, 27
(1900), 300, 302, 340-62
Foot-binding, Edict _re_, 428
Foreign Office, _vide_ Waiwupu and Tsungli Yamên
French Cathedral, Peking, destroyed, 276, 293
Funeral of Hsien-Feng, 38, 61
Jung Lu, 437
Tzŭ Hsi, 465, 470-5, 515
T’ung Chih, 501
Gendarmerie, Peking, 150, 276
German Emperor, 384
German Minister, _vide_ Baron von Ketteler
Giers, de, Mr., 336
Ginseng, 441
Goddess of Mercy, Tzŭ Hsi as, 455
Gordon, General, 11, 66, 67, 73
Government Gazette, _vide_ Official
Grand Council, 44, 159, 266, 275, 297, 464
Gros, Baron, 25
Han dynasty, 52, 391
Hanlin academy, 282, 293, 483
Hanlin diarist (1860), 14 _et seq._
Hart, Sir R., 510
“Heavenly King,” _vide_ Hung Hsiu-ch’uan
Heir Apparent, 253, 255, 257, 274-8, 281, 289, 303-4, 349, 358-9,
360, 381, 451, 457, 511
deposed, 382
Hereditary rank, 56
Hillier, Sir W., 171
Hills, Eastern, 471
Honan fu, Court at, 399
Honorific titles, Tzŭ Hsi’s, 55, 469, 490
Household, Imperial, _vide_ Imperial
House laws, dynastic, 90, 119, 122, 128, 133, 143, 159, 174, 381,
444, 462
Hsi-an, Court at, 101, 108, 354-5, 358, 492, 496
Hsien-Feng, Emperor, 2, 8, 11, 467
at Jehol, 23, 24, 30
burial, 61, 472
death of, 35, 85
eunuchs under, 85
heir born to, 12
tomb of, 149
Hsüan-hua fu, Court at, 342, 346
Prefect of, 247
Hsüan-T’ung, Emperor, 444, 459, 462
Hsü Ching-ch’eng, 269, 281, 291-2, 294, 307-26, 377
Hsü Shih-ch’ang, 6-7
Hsü Shih-ch’ing, 221
Hsü T’ung, 180-1, 253, 257, 263, 270, 302, 324, 366, 511
Hsü Ying-ku’ei, 190, 197, 202, 207, 232, 246
Hsü Yung-yi, 296
Huai-lai, Court at, 340-3
Huai Ta Pu, 194, 197, 202, 207
Hui Chang, 230
Hui Cheng (Tzŭ Hsi’s father), 2
Hundred Days, the, 213
Hung Hsiu-ch’uan, 67, 69, 71-3
“I-cheng-wang,” 56, 60
I-Ho Yüan, _vide_ Summer Palace
Ili, Russians at, 112, 181, 501-3
Imperial Clan Court, 32, 44, 48, 213
Imperial Clans, 122, 187, 267, 325, 326, 418, 425, 447, 481
Imperial Clansmen, 40, 47, 54, 60, 91, 123, 158, 212, 326, 429
Imperial Commissioner, 370
Imperial Decrees, _vide_ Decrees
Imperial Guards, 38
Imperial Household, tribute to, 86, 97, 99, 104, 359, 361
accounts of, 87, 103, 495
Comptrollers of, 87-8, 121, 151, 251, 259, 457
eunuchs in, 81 _et seq._
Imperial Succession, _vide_ Succession
Imperial Tombs, _vide_ Tombs
Incantations of Boxers, 279, 315
Inspector General of Customs, 170, 510
Intermarriage, Chinese and Manchus, 428, 491
International jealousies, 333, 392
Iron-capped princes, 2, 6, 182
Ito, Prince, 391, 438
Jade, Emperor, 258, 270
Jadot, Monsieur, 407, 410-11
James, Professor, 272
Japan, war with, _vide_ Wars
Jehol, Court at, 14 _et seq._, 27, 439, 484
Imperial Treasures at, 301
Su Shun’s Palace at, 45
Tsai Yüan conspiracy at, 30-40
Judicial reform, 430, 461
Jung Lu, 121, 124
and Eunuch An Te-hai, 85, 104
and Legations, 224, 266, 285
and Reformers, 221, 223, 231, 440
and Tsai Yüan Conspiracy, 32, 37, 40
and Weng T’ung-ho, 181
at T’ai-Yüan fu, 350, 352
audience with Kuang Hsü, 185
commander-in-chief, 222, 302, 352
death of, 415
his corrupt practices, 352
his daughter, 302, 447, 458
his wives, 274, 352, 458, 493
illness of, 404
in disgrace, 150-1
intimacy with Yehonala, 8, 225
opposes Boxers, 195, 224, 246, 260, 266, 440
relations with Emperor, 295, 352
with foreigners, 334, 413
restored, 168
Tartar General, Hsi-an, 103, 168, 440
telegram to Yangtsze Viceroys, 277
Tzŭ Hsi’s adviser, 224, 246, 297, 354, 387, 413
valedictory memorial, 438-442
Viceroy of Chihli, 188, 440
withholds artillery from Boxers, 284, 291
Kai-Feng, Court at, 104
K’ang-Hsi, Emperor, 37, 48, 74, 146, 190, 268, 346
Kang Yi, 178, 195, 241, 256-300, 354, 365
K’ang Yu-wei, 2, 8, 84, 184
character of, 192
flight from Peking, 204
plot against Tzŭ Hsi, 198, 225, 244, 293, 421, 440, 445, 511
Kansuh soldiery, 251, 262, 271, 276, 316, 360, 509
Kashgar, fall of, 509
Kauffmann, General, 508
Ketteler, _vide_ Baron von
Kiaochao Bay, seizure of, 193, 390
Ko Pao-hua, 365, 370
Kotow, 111
“Kow-hsing,” s.s., 171
Kuang Hsü, Emperor, minority of, 51, 128, 149
and eunuchs, 82, 85, 110
a prisoner, 207, 211
assumes government, 161, 439
at Hsi-an fu, 358
character of, 105, 143
death of, 128, 443, 460
education of, 127, 152
elected by Tzŭ Hsi, 126, 129, 439
foreign sympathy for, 241
funeral of, 471, 473
his brothers, 386, 515
his concubines, 163
his consort, 163, 177, 209, 301, 346
his disposition, 179, 358, 415
his mother, 166
majority of, 164
marriage of, 161
opposed to Boxers, 269
personal appearance of, 218, 359
physical defects, 128
plots against Tzŭ Hsi, 198, 202
relations with Chang Chih-tung, 278
Heir Apparent, 281
Jung Lu, 352
Pearl Concubine, 300
Reformers, 181, 424
proposed deposition of, 252, 257, 274
relations with Tzŭ Hsi, 176, 438, 449
sickness of, 216, 383, 443-4, 448, 459
succession to, 462
Kuanshih, Court at, 340
Kuan Wen, 68
Kuei Ching, 119, 121
Kuei Hsiang, Duke, 6, 161, 209, 415
Kuei Liang, 24-5, 41
Kuei Pao, 120
Kung, Duke, 357
Kung, Prince (candidate for Throne, 1908), 5, 458
Kung, Prince (son of Tao-Kuang), 20, 126, 178
Adviser to the Government, 56, 154
assists Yehonala against Tsai Yuan, 33 _et seq._
at Jehol, 32
death of, 183
degraded, 59, 155
his daughter, Princess Imperial, 56, 95
in retirement, 157
plenipotentiary, 27-29
quarrels with Tzŭ Hsi, 95, 149, 488
re-instated, 61, 63
K’un Ming Lake, 178, 204
Lake Palace, 206
Lan-chou fu, 372, 396, 509
Lan, Duke, _vide_ Tsai Lan
Lawsuits, edict _re_, 239
Legation Guards, 256, 313, 332
Legations at Peking, 110, 214, 263, 271 _et seq._, 298, 433
Liang Ch’i-ch’ao, 196, 208, 327, 505
Liao Shou-heng, 178, 185
Li Ching-fang, 173
Lien Yuan, 296
Li Hsiu-ch’eng, 69, 71-73
Li Hung-chang, 76-7, 99, 100, 123, 170, 172, 176, 192, 201, 239,
336, 384, 387-9, 434, 501, 505
death of, 399
Li Hung-tsao, 156, 180, 193
Li Lien-ying, _vide_ Eunuchs
Lin Hsü, Reformer, 202, 205
Li Ping-heng, 102, 246, 286, 292, 293-4, 297, 343, 348, 366, 505
Li, Prince, 157, 178, 262, 271, 275, 292
Li Shan, 269, 285, 296
Literati, 213, 235, 398, 418, 425, 492, 502
Li Tuan-fen, 202, 228-9
Liu Kuang-ti, 202
Liu K’un-yi, Viceroy, 220, 233, 274-5, 279, 327, 334, 395
Li Wan-ts’ai, 69
Lu Ch’uan-lin, 354, 358-9, 458
Lü, Empress, 52
Lü Hai-huan, 385
Lung Yü, Empress, 150, 177, 301, 464-5
“Lustrous” Concubine, 163, 408, 452
Magic arts of Boxers, 247, 261, 279
Mahomedan rebellion, 74, 117, 321, 503, 507-509
Ma Hsin-yi, 78
Manchu Field Force, 131, 167, 305
Clansmen, 4, 268
soldiery, 182, 228, 271
Manchurian provinces, 170, 176, 396, 490, 503, 507
Manchus _versus_ Chinese, 166, 230, 270, 421, 427, 477
Masquerades, _vide_ Palace Theatricals
Mausolea, _vide_ Tombs
Ma Yu-k’un, General, 302, 343
Memorials:—
An Wei-chun, 172
Censorate, 271
Hsü Ying-ku’ei, 192
Hui Chang, 230
Jung Lu, 350, 436, 438-42
Li Hung-chang, 389
Li Tuan-fen, 229
Prince Ch’un, 165, 384
_Re_ Eunuchs, 86, 88, 107
Southern Viceroys, 394-5
Tseng Quo-fan, 72, 74
Wu K’o-tu, 110 _et seq._, 142-7
Yüan Ch’ang and Hsü Ching-ch’eng, 292-3, 307-26
Yü Lu, Viceroy, 264
Mencius, quoted, 111, 163, 187, 273, 284, 287-8, 514
Military reorganisation, 194, 228, 386
Ming dynasty, 144, 186, 246, 253, 312, 428, 431, 466
Mining Bureau, Peking, 196
Ministers, foreign, _vide_ Diplomatic Body
Missionaries, 78, 241, 255, 287, 292, 318, 329, 415, 505, 513
Mission to Berlin, 383-386
abroad (1905), 431
Morrison, Dr., _vide_ “Times”
Muyanga, 2, 9
Nanking re-captured, 48, 66 _et seq._
Na T’ung, 31, 264-5, 285, 296
Navy funds, 98
naval reorganisation, 163, 167, 196, 386, 503
Ning Shou Palace, 301, 403, 496
Niuhulu, 7, 10
North and South factions, 180 _et seq._
Nurhachu, 1, 4, 5, 371, 429
“Ocean Terrace,” 207, 455, 460
Official Gazettes, 196, 204, 222
Old Buddha, _vide_ Tzŭ Hsi, also Yehonala
Opium smoking (Tzŭ Hsi), 411, 496, 504
abolition of, 430, 497, 509
Palace eunuchs, _vide_ Eunuchs
orgies, 90, 120
politics, 4, 184, 231, 353
Theatricals, 87, 88, 256, 356, 400, 454-5
Palace harem, 9, 162, 408, 429
P’an Tsu-yin, 180
Pao-Ting Fu, Court at, 405
Pao Yun, 147, 156
Parkes (Sir), Harry, 16, 21, 271
Peace negotiations, 342, 356, 381, 400
Peace protocol, 357, 364, 376, 383, 398, 401, 478
Pearl Concubine, 163, 209, 300, 403
Peking, capture of (1860), 14, 22
bombardment (1900), 297
Peking University, 187, 194
P’eng Yu-lin, 68
Penitential Decree, 376
Mission, 384-6
Phœnix flag, 92
“P’i Hsiao,” Li, _vide_ Li Lien-ying (under eunuchs)
Plot against Tzŭ Hsi, 225
Po Ch’un, 31
Police, Peking, 6, 512
Port Arthur, 99
Portrait of Tzŭ Hsi, 290, 483
Portsmouth Treaty, 506
Post-roads, banishment to, 176, 209, 228
Press Bureau, Shanghai, 204, 511
Press, native, 109, 196, 229, 433, 477, 491
foreign, 433, 448
Princess Imperial, 178, 262, 493
Privy Purse, 40, 45, 98, 162, 353, 355, 495
P’u Chün, _vide_ Heir Apparent
P’u Lun, Prince, 5, 122-3, 125, 300, 342, 446-7, 458-9
P’u T’ung, Prince, 361
P’u Yi (Emperor Hsuan T’ung), 444, 459, 462
Railway journey, Court’s, 401, 404-11, 414
Reactionaries, _vide_ Conservatives
Rebellion, _vide_ Taiping, Mahomedan, &c.
Red Girdles, _vide_ Aisin Gioros
Reform Decrees, 185-200
Repeal of, 209, 222
Reform Movement, 108, 169, 190-215, 220, 230, 418, 424, 430, 441, 469
Regency, Joint of Empresses Dowager, 4, 44, 51 _et seq._, 65, 94,
117, 118, 121, 127, 468
Regency of Tsai Yuan, 30 _et seq._, 42, 439
Regency of Tzŭ Hsi, 148 _et seq._, 180
Regent, Prince Ch’un (1908), 5, 447, 458-9, 462, 473
Relief of Legations, 298, 334
Republic, Chinese, 245
Revolutionary Movement, 194, 227, 237, 245, 249, 457
Rewards for killing Europeans, 100, 271, 276, 281, 285, 331, 365
Russian Policy, 23, 82, 171, 176, 181, 336, 396, 434, 502-3