19-22 Nov 45, p. 6, OCMH.
[326] 14th Area Army Opns Leyte, pp. 2-3.
[327] Ibid., p. 6.
[328] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army, Stf Study of the Japanese 35th Army on
Leyte, Part I, pp. 3-4, copy in OCMH.
[329] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 13.
[330] 14th Area Army Opns Leyte, pp. 17-18, 37, 52, 59, 93, 94, and 99.
[331] FM 100-20, 21 Jul 43, Command and Employment of Air Power, p. 16.
[332] AAF Evaluation Bd, SWPA Rpt, Leyte Campaign, p. 32, AAF Hist
Archives.
[333] Hist of XIII Bomber Comd, Oct 44, p. 5, AAF Hist Archives.
[334] Ibid.
[335] Jane's Fighting Ships, 1947-48 (New York), pp. 473-78; Hist of
XIII Bomber Comd, Oct 44, p. 4, AAF Hist Archives.
[336] Rad, GHQ to CG Sixth Army et al., Sixth Army G-3 Rear Jnl,
28 Oct 44.
[337] Rad, CG Allied Air Forces to CG Fifth Air Force, 27 Oct 44,
Sixth Army G-3 Jnl, 1 Nov 44.
[338] Hist of 308th Bombardment Wing, Ch. 3, p. 4, AAF Hist Archives.
[339] Hist of 9th Fighter Sq, Oct 44, AAF Hist Archives.
[340] Hist of 7th Fighter Sq, Oct 44, pp., 5-6, AAF Hist Archives.
[341] Ibid., pp. 6-7.
[342] Ibid., p. 7.
[343] Hist of Fifth Air Force, Ch. V, pp. 42-43, AAF Hist Archives;
Rad, Sixth Army to GHQ, 3 Nov 44, Sixth Army G-3 Jnl, 3 Nov 44.
[344] Ibid.
[345] Hist of V Fighter Comd, Jul-Dec 44, Ch. 4, p. 64, AAF Hist
Archives.
[346] Rad, COMAF5 to Sixth Army, 4 Nov 44, Sixth Army G-3 Jnl,
5 Nov 44.
[347] Msg, 308th Bomb Wing to G-2 Sixth Army, 3 Nov 44, Sixth Army
G-3 Jnl, 3 Nov 44.
[348] Hist of Fifth Air Force, Ch. 5, pp. 42-45, AAF Hist Archives.
[349] OPD 319.1, Sec VII, Case 248, DRB AGO.
[350] Activities of the Japanese Navy During the Leyte Operation,
p. 94, A715 SWPA, Doc 2543.
[351] Trans of Data on Reinforcement and Support of the Leyte Island
Campaign, ATIS Doc 16946.
[352] USSBS Interrog 506, Interrog of Maj. Gen. Yoshiharu Tomochica
et al., MS, OCMH.
[353] 14th Area Army Opns Leyte, Appended Table 1.
[354] 35th Army Opns, p. 30. Unless otherwise indicated, the following
is based upon this study, pp. 30-34.
[355] Allied Geographical Sec, GHQ SWPA Terrain Handbook 34, Tacloban,
25 Sep 44, p. 10.
[356] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 88.
[357] 10th I&HS Eighth Army, Stf Study of Opns of Japanese 35th Army
on Leyte, pp. 2-3.
[358] 35th Army Opns, pp. 22-23.
[359] 96th Div FO 2, 10 Oct 44.
[360] 383d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[361] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 1, 20 Oct 44.
[362] 361st FA Bn Opns Rpt Leyte.
[363] 96th Div Arty Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 5.
[364] 382d Inf Unit Jnl, 21 Oct 44.
[365] 96th Div G-3 Jnl, 21 Oct 44.
[366] 383d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 9.
[367] 921st FA Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6.
[368] 383d Inf Unit Jnl, 22 Oct 44.
[369] 921st FA Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[370] 383d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 10.
[371] Ibid., p. 9.
[372] 382d Inf FO 2, 21 Oct 44.
[373] 382d Inf Unit Jnl, 21 Oct 44.
[374] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 2, 21 Oct 44.
[375] 382d Inf Unit Jnl, 21 Oct 44.
[376] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 38.
[377] 96th Div G-3 Jnl, 22 Oct 44.
[378] A carabao is a domesticated native water buffalo that is used
extensively in the Philippines as a beast of burden.
[379] 383d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 4.
[380] 382d Inf Unit Jnl, 22 Oct 44.
[381] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 3, 22 Oct 44.
[382] This unit consisted of the 9th Infantry Regiment (less the 2d
Battalion) and two batteries of the 22d Field Artillery Regiment.
[383] 96th Inf Div Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex C, Part III, Trans, KAKI
Operational Order A-387, 22 Oct 44.
[384] Orlando R. Davidson, J. Carl Willems, and Joseph A. Kahl,
The Deadeyes, The Story of the 96th Infantry Division (Washington,
1947), p. 23.
[385] 383d Inf Unit Rpt 4, 23 Oct 44.
[386] 96th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 3, 24 Oct 44.
[387] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 41.
[388] 382d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 2.
[389] 96th Div G-3 Jnl, 24 Oct 44.
[390] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 5, 24 Oct 44.
[391] 763d Tank Bn Unit Rpt 1, 25 Oct 44.
[392] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 6, 25 Oct 44.
[393] 96th Div G-l Daily Strength Rpts, 20-25 Oct 44.
[394] 96th Div G-2 Periodic Rpt 5, 25 Oct 44.
[395] Unless otherwise stated the account of the patrol to Tabontabon
is taken from 383d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, Patrol to Tabontabon, 25 Oct
44, Incl 1.
[396] 35th Army Opns, p. 28.
[397] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 7, 26 Oct 44.
[398] Davidson et al., The Deadeyes, p. 37.
[399] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 8, 27 Oct 44.
[400] Davidson et al., The Deadeyes, p. 38.
[401] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 9, 28 Oct 44.
[402] Ibid.
[403] 383d Inf Opns Rpt, p. 5.
[404] The operations report of the 383d Infantry for the Leyte
Campaign has an "Account of Eyewitnesses Made Immediately Following
the Action," which is Inclosure 2 to the report. Unless otherwise
stated these statements are the basis for this account of the action
on San Vicente Hill.
[405] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 45. Unless otherwise stated the
section dealing with the capture of Catmon Hill is based on 381st
Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 3-3c.
[406] 381st Inf Unit Rpt 4, 28 Oct 44; 381st Inf Unit Jnl, 29 Oct 44.
[407] 35th Army Opns, p. 34.
[408] The reinforcements consisted of a platoon from the Cannon
Company, 381st Infantry; one platoon from Company A, 321st Engineers;
Company A, 763d Tank Battalion; one platoon from Company A, 321st
Medical Battalion; and Battery C, 361st Field Artillery Battalion.
[409] 763d Tank Bn S-3 Periodic Rpt 3, 27 Oct 44.
[410] 381st Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 3-3a.
[411] Ibid.
[412] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 9, 28 Oct 44.
[413] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 10, 29 Oct 44.
[414] Davidson et al., The Deadeyes, p. 41.
[415] 96th Div G-2 Periodic Rpt 13, 2 Nov 44.
[416] Compiled from 96th Div G-1 Daily Strength Rpts, 26 Oct-2 Nov 44.
[417] 7th Inf Div G-2 Periodic Rpt 2, 21 Oct 44, and Rpt 4, 23 Oct 44.
[418] 35th Army Opns, p. 27.
[419] Fifth Air Force Opns Instns 6, Engr Annex, 28 Sep 44, Sixth
Army G-3 Jnl, 30 Sep 44.
[420] XXIV Corps Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6.
[421] 7th Inf Div FO 9, 1 Oct 44.
[422] 32d Inf Regt Jnl, 20 Oct 44.
[423] 184th Inf S-3 Periodic Rpt 1, 20 Oct 44.
[424] 17th Inf Unit Jnl, 20 Oct 44.
[425] Lt Russell A. Gugeler, Battle for Dagami, pp. 10-11, MS in
OCMH. The author, a combat historian attached to the 7th Division
after the operation, knew many of the participants and has been able
to give details that do not appear in the official records. Much of
the material in this chapter is based on his manuscript.
[426] 184th Inf Unit Jnl, 21 Oct 44.
[427] 32d Inf Regt Jnl, 21 Oct 44.
[428] 7th Div, Detailed Division Narrative, King II, p. 4, DRB AGO.
[429] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 5.
[430] Ibid.
[431] Ibid.
[432] 184th Inf Regt Jnl, 21 Oct 44.
[433] 7th Inf Div Opns Rpt Leyte, App. C to Annex 2.
[434] 13th Engr Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6.
[435] 7th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 3, 22 Oct 44.
[436] Ibid.
[437] 96th Inf Div Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex C, Part III, Trans, KAKI
Operational Order A-837, 22 Oct 44.
[438] 7th Div FO 11, 22 Oct 44.
[439] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6.
[440] 7th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 4, 23 Oct 44.
[441] 35th Army Opns, p. 28.
[442] 17th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, The Battle for Dagami, Annex A, p. 1.
[443] 7th Inf Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 7.
[444] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 7.
[445] Ibid., pp. 7-8.
[446] Attachment to 7th Div G-2 Periodic Rpt 5, 24 Oct 44.
[447] 49th FA Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 4.
[448] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 8.
[449] 32d Inf FO 6, 25 Oct 44.
[450] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 9.
[451] 32d Inf FO 7, 27 Oct 44.
[452] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 9.
[453] Unless otherwise stated the material on the drive to Dagami
is based on 17th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex A, The Battle for Dagami,
pp. 1-9.
[454] 17th Inf FO 3, 25 Oct 44.
[455] 17th Inf FO 4, 26 Oct 44.
[456] 7th Inf Div G-2 Periodic Rpt 9, 28 Oct 44. Unless otherwise
stated the entrance into Dagami is based upon 17th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte,
Annex A, The Battle for Dagami, pp. 1-9.
[457] 7th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 9.
[458] Central Area Unit Opns Order 2, 27 Oct 44, trans in App. C to
Annex 2, 7th Div Opns Rpt Leyte.
[459] 17th Inf FO 5, 27 Oct 44.
[460] These were the Cannon Company, a platoon of the Antitank Company,
a platoon of the 13th Engineer Battalion, 767th Tank Battalion,
and the 91st Chemical Company minus the 1st and 3d Platoons.
[461] During the day's action, Pfc. Leonard C. Brostrom of Company F
and Pfc. John F. Thorson of Company G so distinguished themselves that
they were awarded the Medal of Honor. Private Brostrom singlehandedly
destroyed a pillbox and killed six Japanese before collapsing from his
wounds. Private Thorson sacrificed his life to save his comrades by
throwing himself upon an enemy grenade that landed in his platoon's
defensive position.
[462] 17th Inf Opns Rpt, Battle for Dagami, App., p. 9.
[463] 7th Div G-3 Periodic Rpts 10-14, 29 Oct-2 Nov 44.
[464] 7th Div G-2 Periodic Rpt 13, 2 Nov 44.
[465] 7th Div G-1 Weekly Rpt 2, 31 Oct 44, Incl 2, Part 2, 1 Nov 44;
7th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, G-1 Rpt.
[466] 7th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, Part II, Annex 2, Terrain Study of
Operational Areas, pp. 1-3.
[467] 1st Cav Div Arty Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 2.
[468] Ibid., p. 3.
[469] 1st Cav Div Msgs to X Corps, 21 Oct 44.
[470] 1st Cav Div FO 1, 2 Oct 44.
[471] 7th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 4.
[472] 35th Army Opns, p. 28.
[473] 1st Cav Div Arty Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[474] 1st Cav Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 19-20.
[475] 7th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 4.
[476] He was awarded the Silver Star.
[477] X Corps Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 18.
[478] 2d Cav Brig Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 3-4.
[479] 8th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 6-7.
[480] At 0500 on 21 October Colonel Drake, the commanding officer of
the 5th Cavalry, was killed while inspecting the regimental perimeter
defenses in the vicinity of Caibaan. 5th Cavalry Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 2.
[481] 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 2, 21 Oct 44.
[482] 5th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 2-3.
[483] 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 4, 25 Oct 44.
[484] 5th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[485] Rpt, Capt Ray Tarbuck, USN, Observers Rpt of King II Opn,
3 Nov 44, GHQ G-3 Jnl, 30 Oct 44.
[486] Ibid.
[487] As already indicated the maps of the Leyte area are often
inaccurate. Map 2 is no exception.
[488] 2d Cav Brig FO, 22 Oct 44.
[489] 8th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 7.
[490] 2d Cav Brig FO 3, 23 Oct 44.
[491] 7th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 6-7.
[492] 1st Cav Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 24-25.
[493] Rad, CG Sixth Army to G-2 Sixth Army, Sixth Army G-2 Jnl,
24 Oct 44.
[494] 8th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 7-9.
[495] Ibid.
[496] 1st Cav Div G-1 Daily Strength Rpts, 20-27 Oct 44; 8th Army
Opns Rpt, p. 14.
[497] 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 8, 27 Oct 44.
[498] Unless otherwise stated the subsection is based upon the 24th
Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 1-39.
[499] 34th Inf Unit Rpt 1, 21 Oct 44, 34th Inf Jnl, 21 Oct 44.
[500] 34th Inf Unit Rpt 2, 34th Inf Jnl, 21 Oct 44.
[501] 35th Army Opns, p. 28.
[502] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 12. Private Moon was posthumously
awarded the Medal of Honor.
[503] 63d FA Bn Unit Rpt 1, 21 Oct 44, 63d FA Bn Opns Rpt Leyte.
[504] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 13. This casualty figure from the
24th Division Operations Report seems excessive.
[505] 34th Inf FO 4, 21 Oct 44, 34th Inf Unit Jnl, 21 Oct 44.
[506] 63d FA Bn Unit Rpt 2, 22 Oct 44.
[507] 24th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 3, 22 Oct 44.
[508] 19th Inf Unit Rpt 2, 21 Oct 44.
[509] Ibid.
[510] 85th Chemical Mortar Bn Hist 1943-44, p. 28.
[511] Allied Geographical Sec, Terrain Study 84, Leyte Province,
17 Aug 44.
[512] 35th Army Opns, p. 28.
[513] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 16.
[514] Ibid.; 19th Inf Unit Rpt 2, 21 Oct 44.
[515] 24th Div G-2 Jnl, 21 Oct 44.
[516] 24th Div G-2 Jnl, 22 Oct 44.
[517] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 18.
[518] 19th Inf Unit Jnl, 22 Oct 44.
[519] Ibid.
[520] Ibid.
[521] Ibid.
[522] 19th Inf Unit Rpt 3, 22 Oct 44.
[523] 35th Army Opns, p. 28.
[524] GHQ Observer to G-2 Sixth Army, Sixth Army G-2 Jnl, 24 Oct 44.
[525] 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 3, 24 Oct 44.
[526] 34th Inf FO 5, 22 Oct 44, 34th Inf Unit Jnl, 23 Oct 44.
[527] Fragmentary FO, 34th Inf Jnl, 25 Oct 44.
[528] 19th Inf Unit Jnl, 22 Oct 44.
[529] Ibid.
[530] 19th Inf Unit Rpt 4, 19th Inf Unit Jnl, 23 Oct 44.
[531] 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 3, 24 Oct 44.
[532] 19th Inf Unit Jnl, 24 Oct 44.
[533] 24th Div Arty Unit Rpt 3, 26 Oct 44.
[534] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 27.
[535] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 38.
[536] 14th Area Army Opns Leyte, pp. 2-3.
[537] 35th Army Opns, p. 35.
[538] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army, Staff Study Opns of Japanese 35th Army
on Leyte, Interrog of Maj Gen Yoshiharu Tomochika, CofS 35th Army,
Pt. I, p. 2.
[539] 24th Div FO 3, 0700, 25 Oct 44.
[540] 34th Inf Unit Jnl, 26 Oct 44.
[541] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 27 Oct 44.
[542] There is an interesting anecdote about the town: "Sergeant
[Charles W.] Capps and Pvt. [Harold O.] Mottlet of G-3 got some help
from a Jap sniper when they were hunting for Alangalang on a situation
map. There was a 'ping' and they hit the dirt. When they resumed work
they found a bullet puncture practically through Alangalang on the
map." 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 78.
[543] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 15.
[544] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 28 Oct 44.
[545] 19th Inf Unit Rpt 6, 25 Oct 44, 19th Inf Unit Jnl, 25 Oct 44.
[546] 19th Inf Unit Jnl, 25 Oct 44.
[547] 11th FA Bn Unit Rpt 6, 28 Oct 44. There was no report for
27 October.
[548] Ibid.
[549] 13th FA Bn Unit Rpt 7, 27 Oct 44.
[550] 35th Army Opns, p. 43.
[551] 34th Inf Unit Jnl, 28 Oct 44.
[552] The battalion journal laconically notes that Company L "meets
slight resistance--kill appx. 50 Japs and continues." 3d Bn, 34th Inf,
Unit Jnl, 29 Oct 44.
[553] X Corps FO 3, 28 Oct 44.
[554] 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 8, 28 Oct 44.
[555] 2d Cav Brig FO 6, 28 Oct 44.
[556] 2d Cav Brig Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6.
[557] The 5th Cavalry Regiment had moved behind the 34th Infantry on
its advance along Highway 2 to the Mainit River bridge. When the 34th
Infantry moved south to Jaro the 5th Cavalry took over the Cavite area
and, during the Carigara attack, the regiment (less its 2d Squadron)
was responsible for the protection of the line of communication from
Cavite to Barugo. 5th Cav Opns Rpt, p. 5; 1st Cav Div FO 6, 1 Nov 44.
[558] 10th I&HS Eighth Army, Stf Study of Opns of Japanese 35th Army
on Leyte, Part I, p. 5; Part IV, p. 3, OCMH.
[559] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army Stf Study of Japanese 102d Division on
Leyte and Cebu, passim, OCMH.
[560] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 33.
[561] Ibid., p. 34.
[562] Colonel Newman was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.
[563] 34th Inf Unit Jnl, 30 Oct 44.
[564] 24th Div Arty Unit Rpt 8, 31 Oct 44.
[565] 34th Inf Unit Jnl, 31 Oct 44.
[566] 19th Inf Unit Jnl, 31 Oct 44.
[567] 34th Inf Unit Jnl, 31 Oct 44.
[568] 34th Inf Unit Rpt 13, 34th Inf Jnl, 1 Nov 44.
[569] One guerrilla unit estimated the number of Japanese as high
as 5,000.
[570] X Corps G-2 Periodic Rpt 10, 31 Oct 44.
[571] X Corps FO 5, 1 Nov 44.
[572] 1st Cav Div FO 6, 1 Nov 44.
[573] 34th Inf FO 7, 2 Nov 44.
[574] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 38.
[575] 7th Cav Unit Jnl, 2 Nov 44.
[576] 34th Inf Unit Jnl, 2 Nov 44.
[577] Ltr, CG Sixth Army to CG X Corps et al., 25 Nov 44, p. 24.
[578] Hist of Fifth Air Force, Ch. 5, pp. 34-35, AAF Archives.
[579] Sturgis, Engineer Operations in the Leyte Campaign, p. 6. Unless
otherwise cited, the material on construction is taken from this study.
[580] Draft of Memo, 30 Oct 44, Sixth Army G-4 Jnl, 30 Oct 44.
[581] ASCOM Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 8-9.
[582] RAD, CTF 78 to CG Sixth Army, MC 1280, 22 Oct 44, Sixth Army
G-3 Wasatch Jnl, 23 Oct 44.
[583] Hist 8th Fighter Squadron, October 1944, p. 7, AAF Archives.
[584] Hist 7th Fighter Squadron, October 1944, pp. 4-5, AAF Archives.
[585] Opns Rpt, Comdr Support Aircraft to Comdr Seventh Fleet, no
serial, 2 Nov 44.
[586] Hist 8th Fighter Squadron, 49th Fighter Group, 86th Wing,
V Fighter Command, Fifth Air Force, October 1944, p. 7, AAF Archives.
[587] Rad, Col Quinn to the 6, 8, and 9 Air Liaison Parties, Sixth
Army G-3 Jnl, 31 Oct 44.
[588] Ltr, Maj Gen Hugh J. Casey, CG ASCOM, to Gen Krueger, CG Sixth
Army, 31 Oct 44, Sixth Army G-4 Jnl, 7 Nov 44.
[589] Ibid.
[590] Hist Fifth Air Force, Ch. 5, p. 33, AAF Archives.
[591] Hist of Engineer Corps in the Pacific, Ch. VI, Philippine
Campaign, pp. 327-29. Copy in OCMH.
[592] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 69.
[593] Ltr, Gen Krueger to Gen Ward, 13 Aug 51, OCMH.
[594] Army Service Comd Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 6, 9.
[595] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 69.
[596] 5201st Engr Const Brig Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 5.
[597] Sturgis, Engineer Opns in Leyte Campaign, p. 15.
[598] Army Service Comd Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 9; Memo, G-4 Sixth Army
for DG ASCOM, 11 Nov 44, Sixth Army G-4 Jnl, 11 Nov 44.
[599] Sturgis, Engineer Opns in Leyte Campaign, p. 5.
[600] Ibid., p. 6.
[601] Ltr, Gen Decker, formerly CS Sixth Army, to Gen Ward, 9 Jul 51,
copy in OCMH.
[602] Memo, G-4 Sixth Army for Transportation Sec Sixth Army, 8 Nov
44, Sixth Army G-4 Jnl, 8 Nov 44.
[603] Rpt of Conference on Establishment of Priorities, 9 Nov 44,
Sixth Army G-4 Jnl, 30 Nov 44.
[604] Rpt of Conference on 27 Nov for the Establishment of Unloading
Priorities, 28 Nov 44, Sixth Army G-4 Jnl, 30 Nov 44.
[605] Ltr, CG Sixth Army to CG ASCOM, 30 Nov 44, Sixth Army G-4 Jnl,
1 Dec 44.
[606] Memo, Asst G-4 Sixth Army to QM et al. Sixth Army, 2 Dec 44,
Sixth Army G-4 Jnl, 2 Dec 44.
[607] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 218.
[608] Memo, G-4 Sixth Army to Transportation Off, 27 Nov 44, Sixth
Army G-4 Jnl, 27 Nov 44.
[609] Rpt of Surgeon, Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 262.
[610] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 95.
[611] Rpt of Surgeon, Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 262.
[612] X Corps Rpt of Medical Service Leyte Campaign, pp. 3-4.
[613] XXIV Corps Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 38.
[614] Rpt of Surgeon, Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 263.
[615] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 95-96.
[616] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 197.
[617] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 96.
[618] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 134.
[619] Ibid.
[620] Ibid.
[621] 7th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, Medical Rpt, App. C to G-4 Rpt, p. 5.
[622] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 263.
[623] Army Service Forces Monthly Rpt, Sec 7, Health, Jun 45, p. 10.
[624] 7th Div Medical Rpt, App. C to G-4 Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[625] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 135-36.
[626] Ibid., p. 136.
[627] History of Civil Affairs Div, WD Special Staff, Philippines,
pp. 1-17, typescript in OCMH.
[628] Memo, Gen Fellers for CINCSWPA, 23 Jul 44, U. S. Army Forces,
Pacific, Report on Civil Affairs (2 vols), II, 1.
[629] GHQ SWPA Staff Memo 35, 30 Aug 44; Rpt cited n. 52, pp. 6-9.
[630] GHQ SWPA Staff Memo 40; Ibid., 28 Sep 44, pp. 12-15.
[631] GHQ SWPA, Standing Operating Procedure Instns 26, 9 Oct 44;
Ibid., pp. 22-42.
[632] Sixth Army Admin O 14, Annex 8, Civil affairs Plan, 30 Sep 44.
[633] Tarbuck Report.
[634] The material on refugees in the Palo area is taken from 24th
Inf Div Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex 13, pp. 146-48.
[635] Material on refugees in the Dulag area is based on the Report
of Naval Civil Affairs Unit, 7 Dec 44, 7th Inf Div Opns Rpt Leyte,
Incl 1, App. G to Annex 1.
[636] Civil Affairs, Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 279.
[637] Ibid., p. 279.
[638] 1st Cav Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 22-23.
[639] Ltr, CG Sixth Army to CG X Corps and others, 25 Nov 44.
[640] Sixth Army FO 28, 3 Nov 44.
[641] X Corps FO 6, 3 Nov 44.
[642] Sixth Army FO 27, 30 Oct 44.
[643] 24th Div FO 5, 2 Nov 44.
[644] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 3 Nov 44.
[645] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 3 Nov 44.
[646] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 3 Nov 44.
[647] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 39-40.
[648] Ibid., p. 40.
[649] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 18.
[650] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army, Stf Study of Opns of Japanese 35th Army
on Leyte, Part I, p. 5.
[651] Ibid., Part I, pp. 5-6.
[652] Ibid., Part IV, p. 2, interrog of Col Junkichi Okabayashi,
CofS 1st Div. Colonel Okabayashi makes the following statement about
Japanese planning: "It is not the ordinary practice in the Japanese
Army for higher headquarters to provide unit commanders with alternate
plans. When conferences are held between unit commanders and the staff
of higher headquarters, all possible alternatives are, of course,
discussed. At any rate, unit commanders are invariably oriented with
the general plan of higher headquarters. In the event an original
order cannot be carried out because of the changing battle situation,
the responsibility for making changes in plans devolves upon the
commander of the unit concerned."
[653] Rpt of Sixth Army G-3 Liaison Sec, 3 Nov 44, Sixth Army G-3 Jnl,
3 Nov 44.
[654] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 38.
[655] Memo, Maj Reppert for Col Clyde D. Eddleman, Rpt of Conf with
Rear Adm William M. Fechteler, 5 Nov 44, Sixth Army G-3 Jnl, 5 Nov 44.
[656] Ltr of Instns, CG Sixth Army to CG X Corps, 4 Nov 44, Sixth
Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 199.
[657] Ltr, CG X Corps to CG's 24th Div and 1st Cav Div, 4 Nov 44;
X Corps G-3 Jnl, 5 Nov 44.
[658] 1st Cav Div FO 7, 4 Nov 44.
[659] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 103.
[660] X Corps Opn Plan, 5 Nov 44, Sixth Army G-3 Jnl, 5 Nov 44.
[661] 24th Div Opns Sum, 5 Nov 44, X Corps G-3 Jnl, 5 Nov 44.
[662] Msg, G-2 X Corps to G-3 Sixth Army, 5 Nov 44, Sixth Army G-3 Jnl,
6 Nov 44.
[663] Sixth Army FO 29, Nov 44.
[664] X Corps Amendment to FO 6, 5 Nov 44.
[665] 24th Div FO 7, 5 Nov 44.
[666] Col William J. Verbeck, A Regiment in Action (n. p., n. d.,
copy in OCMH), p. 16; 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 42.
[667] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 42.
[668] 24th Div G-3 Jnl, 5 Nov 44.
[669] 24th Div G-2 Jnl, 6 Nov 44.
[670] Rad, Maj Clark, X Corps, to G-2 Sixth Army, BA 669, Sixth Army
G-3 Jnl, 6 Nov 44.
[671] Msg, S-2 21st Inf to CG 24th Div, 6 Nov 44, 24th Div G-2 Jnl,
6 Nov 44.
[672] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 42.
[673] Sixth Army G-3 Jnl, 7 Nov 44.
[674] Msg, S-2 21st Inf to G-2 24th Div, 7 Nov 44, 24th Div G-2 Jnl,
7 Nov 44.
[675] 21st Inf FO 19, 7 Nov 44, 24th Div G-3 Jnl, 8 Nov 44.
[676] Msg, 308th Bombardment Wing to Sixth Army, 7 Nov 44, Sixth Army
G-3 Jnl, 7 Nov 44.
[677] Msg, CO 21st Inf to CG 24th Div, 7 Nov 44, 24th Div G-3 Jnl,
7 Nov 44; 35th Army Opns, p. 57.
[678] Msg, S-3 21st Inf to CG 24th Div, 7 Nov 44, 24th Div G-2 Jnl,
7 Nov 44.
[679] Interv with Col Verbeck, 26 Sep 51. Colonel Verbeck stated that
for the remainder of the campaign Colonel Weber was an excellent and
loyal executive officer.
[680] Msg, S-3 21st Inf to G-3 24th Div, 7 Nov 44, 24th Div G-3 Jnl,
7 Nov 44; 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 43.
[681] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 43.
[682] 24th Div G-3 Jnl, 7 Nov 44.
[683] Jan Valtin [Richard J. Krebs], Children of Yesterday (New York,
The Readers Press, Inc., 1946), p. 187.
[684] 24th Div G-3 Jnl, 8 Nov 44.
[685] 24th Div G-2 Periodic Rpt 20, 8 Nov 44.
[686] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 45.
[687] Msg, CO 21st Inf to CofS 24th Div, 8 Nov 44, 24th Div G-2 Jnl,
8 Nov 44.
[688] Msg, G-3 24th Div to G-2 24th Div, 9 Nov 44, 24th Div G-2 Jnl,
9 Nov 44.
[689] 24th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 21, 9 Nov 44.
[690] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 47.
[691] Ibid., p. 48.
[692] 35th Army Opns, p. 59.
[693] Ibid.; Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 50; Sixth Army G-3 Jnl,
9 Nov 44.
[694] Sixth Army FO 30, 11 Nov 44.
[695] X Corps FO 12, 12 Nov 44.
[696] XXIV Corps FO 23, 10 Nov 44.
[697] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 57.
[698] 24th Div FO 8, 9 Nov 44.
[699] 24th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 22, 10 Nov 44.
[700] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 49.
[701] 24th Div G-2 Jnl, 10 Nov 44.
[702] Ibid., pp. 53, 61.
[703] 35th Army Opns, p. 60.
[704] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 49.
[705] 24th Div G-3 Jnl, 11 Nov 44.
[706] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 50; 44th Tank Bn Opns Rpt Leyte,
p. 2.
[707] Msg, 308th Bombardment Wing to Sixth Army, 11 Nov 44, Sixth
Army G-3 Jnl, 11 Nov 44.
[708] X Corps Arty S-3 Periodic Rpt 22, 12 Nov 44.
[709] 24th Div G-3 Jnl, 12 Nov 44; 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 50.
[710] 24th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 24, 12 Nov 44; 35th Army Opns, p. 62.
[711] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 51.
[712] GHQ FEC, MI Sec, Hist Div, Statements of Japanese Officials of
World War II, Vol. II, p. 687, Statement of Maj Gen Toshio Nishimura
[Asst CofS 14th Area Army], copy in OCMH.
[713] Ibid., I, 541.
[714] G-1 Rpt, Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 152.
[715] Ltr, CG Sixth Army to CINC SWPA, 29 Aug 44, sub: Replacements
for Forthcoming Opn, Sixth Army G-3 Jnl, 29 Aug 44.
[716] Ltr, Gen Krueger to Gen Ward, 12 Sep 51, OCMH.
[717] This unit was a separate regimental combat team.
[718] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 62.
[719] Ibid.
[720] Ibid.
[721] Sixth Army FO 32, 14 Nov 44.
[722] X Corps FO's 12-15, 12-16 Nov 44.
[723] 128th Inf FO 4, 15 Nov 44.
[724] 3d Bn, 128th Inf, Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 1.
[725] 128th Inf Unit Rpt 1, 16 Nov 44.
[726] Capt Julius A. Sakas, The Operations of the 3d Battalion, 128th
Infantry ... at Limon...., p. 29, Advanced Infantry Officers Course,
1949-50, The Infantry School, Ft. Benning, Ga.
[727] 128th Inf Unit Rpt 2, 17 Nov 44.
[728] 35th Army Opns, p. 66; 128th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 2.
[729] 128th Inf Unit Rpt 6, 21 Nov 44; 128th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[730] 32d Div Arty Unit Rpt 2, 20 Nov 44.
[731] X Corps G-2 Jnl, 23 Nov 44.
[732] X Corps G-3 Periodic Rpt 34, 22 Nov 44; X Corps G-2 and G-3 Jnls,
22 Nov 44.
[733] 32d Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 7.
[734] X Corps Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 29.
[735] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 59.
[736] X Corps Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 27.
[737] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 10 Nov 44.
[738] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 61. Unless otherwise stated this
subsection is based on the above report, pages 61-68.
[739] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 11 Nov 44.
[740] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 13 Nov 44.
[741] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 14 Nov 44.
[742] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 15 Nov 44.
[743] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 16 Nov 44.
[744] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 17 Nov 44.
[745] Curiously enough, while on leave in the United States, he had
been caught without his dog tags and arrested for "impersonating an
officer." 24th Div Opns Dpt Leyte, p. 78.
[746] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 17 Nov 44.
[747] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 18 Nov 44. Jan Valtin in Children
of Yesterday, page 247, states that Henry Kilay was the owner of the
ridge. Properly the ridge bears his name.
[748] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 19 Nov 44.
[749] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 63.
[750] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 20 Nov 44.
[751] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 21 Nov 44.
[752] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 22 Nov 44.
[753] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 25 Nov 44.
[754] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 26 Nov 44.
[755] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 28 Nov 44.
[756] 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 29 Nov 44.
[757] The message to Colonel Clifford, a former all-American football
player from West Point, concluded: "You and your men have not been
forgotten. You are the talk of the island, and perhaps the United
States. Army beat Notre Dame 59 to 0, the worst defeat on record." 24th
Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 67; 1st Bn, 34th Inf, Unit Jnl, 1 Dec 44.
[758] 35th Army Opns, pp. 47-48.
[759] 1st Cav Div FO 9, 10 Nov 44.
[760] 1st Cav Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 43-45.
[761] 112th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 1.
[762] Sixth Army G-3 Periodic Rpt 514, 14 Nov 44.
[763] Sixth Army FO 32, 14 Nov 44.
[764] X Corps FO 14, 15 Nov 44.
[765] 1st Cav Div FO 11, 14 Nov 44.
[766] X Corps G-3 Periodic Rpt 47, 5 Dec 44.
[767] 7th Cav Opns Rpt, Leyte, Part IV, S-2 Rpt, Tactical and Technical
Characteristics of the Enemy, pp. 2, 5.
[768] 1st Cavalry Division G-3 Periodic Rpt. 42, 1 Dec 44.
[769] 112th Cav S-2 and S-3 Jnls, 2 Dec 44.
[770] 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 45, 4 Dec 44; 112th Cav Opns Rpt
Leyte, p. 6; 112th Cav S-2 and S-3 Jnl, 3, 4 Dec 44.
[771] 112th Cav S-2 and S-3 Jnl, 3, 4 Dec 44; 112th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte,
p. 6.
[772] 112th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 6-8; 112th Cav S-2 and S-3 Jnl,
4-10 Dec 44; 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpts 46-51, 5-10 Dec 44; 1st
Cav Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 46-50.
[773] 112th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 6-8; 1st Cav Div Opns Rpt Leyte,
pp. 47-50; 112th Cav S-2 and S-3 Jnl, 4 Dec 44, 6-9 Dec 44; 1st Cav
Div G-3 Periodic Rpts 46-51, 10 Dec 44.
[774] 112th Cav S-2 and S-3 Jnl, 10 Dec 44.
[775] 112th Cav S-2 and S-3 Jnl, 9-14 Dec 44; 7th Cav Div Opns Rpt
Leyte, pp. 11-12; 112th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 7-9; 1st Cav Div G-3
Periodic Rpts 53-56, 12-15 Dec 44.
[776] XXIV Corps Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 9.
[777] XXIV Corps FO 22, 8 Nov 44. This order confirmed previously
issued oral orders.
[778] 96th Div FO 3, 2 Nov 44.
[779] 14th Area Army Opns Leyte, p. 8.
[780] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 14, 2 Nov 44.
[781] Orlando Davidson, J. Carl Willems, and Joseph A. Kahl, The
Deadeyes: The Story of the 96th Infantry Division (Washington,
Infantry Journal Press [now Combat Forces Press], 1947), p. 49.
[782] Sergeant Thompson was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.
[783] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 54; 96th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 14, 3
Nov 44; 382d Inf Unit Rpt 15, 3 Nov 44; Davidson et al., The Deadeyes,
p. 49.
[784] Davidson et al., The Deadeyes, p. 51; 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte,
p. 54; 382d Inf Unit Rpt 16, 4 Nov 44; 96th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 15,
4 Nov 44.
[785] Davidson et al., The Deadeyes, p. 51; 382d Inf Unit Rpt 17,
5 Nov 44; 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 55; 96th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt
16, 5 Nov 44; 763d Tank Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 5.
[786] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 55; 382d Inf Unit Rpt 18, 6 Nov 44.
[787] 35th Army Opns, pp. 57-58.
[788] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 19, 7 Nov 44.
[789] 382d Inf Unit Rpt 22, 10 Nov 44.
[790] XXIV Corps Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 11.
[791] Ltr, CG Sixth Army to CG X Corps et al., sub: Mistakes Made
and Lessons Learned in K-2 Operation, 25 Nov 44, Sixth Army Opns Rpt
Leyte, pp. 204-212. Unless otherwise stated this chapter is based
upon General Krueger's critique.
[792] 10th I&HS Eighth Army, Stf Study of Japanese 35th Army on Leyte,
Interrog Col Okabayashi, pp. 5-6.
[793] 7th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex, Tactics, n. p.
[794] Krueger's Critique, Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 205.
[795] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, Incl 1 to Annex 3, n. p.
[796] Ibid.
[797] Krueger's Critique, Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 205. Italics
are Krueger's.
[798] Ibid., p. 206.
[799] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 113-14.
[800] 7th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex, Effectiveness of Weapons, n. p.
[801] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 85.
[802] Ibid., p. 83. Presumably the .45-caliber submachine gun M3 is
intended by the term "M3 machine gun."
[803] 7th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex, Effectiveness of Weapons, n. p.
[804] Krueger's Critique, Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 208.
[805] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 82.
[806] Ibid., p. 95.
[807] 7th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex, Deficiencies in Equipment, n. p.
[808] 10th I&HS Eighth Army, Stf Study of Japanese 35th Army on Leyte,
Interrog Gen Tomochika, pp. 2-3.
[809] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 86.
[810] 96th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 88.
[811] 24th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex, Enemy Tactics on Breakneck Ridge,
n. p.
[812] 7th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex, Japanese Opns, n. p.
[813] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army, Stf Study of Opns of Japanese 35th Army
on Leyte, Interrog Gen Tomochika, p. 26.
[814] XXIV Corps FO 12, 30 Oct 44. The operations of the 7th Division
on the western coast of Leyte were more adequately covered than
any other action in the Leyte campaign. Capt. Tucker Dean and 1st
Lt. Russell A. Gugeler, two combat historians, prepared very complete
manuscripts on the battle of Shoestring Ridge. Gugeler's Battle of the
Ridgelines and Dean's King II: the Liberation of Leyte, on file in the
Office of the Chief of Military History, have much information that
is not given in the official reports. In addition Col. John M. Finn,
who commanded the 32d Infantry which bore the brunt of the Shoestring
Ridge battle, wrote an account of the engagement that appeared in the
September and October 1945 issues of the Infantry Journal. (Unless
otherwise stated, this chapter is based upon these accounts and the
32d Infantry Operations Report Leyte, pp. 10-26.)
[815] The Japanese historians make the following ambiguous statement:
"The Army had doubts as to the authenticity of this broadcast, but
from past experience with U. S. broadcasts, the Army estimated it
to be a small unit of U. S. and Philippine troops which had landed
there." 35th Army Opns, p. 51. Unless otherwise stated the part of
this section dealing with Japanese plans is based upon this study,
pp. 51-84.
[816] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 24.
[817] Ibid., pp. 51-52.
[818] XXIV Corps Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 11-12.
[819] Fragmentary Order, CG 7th Div to CO 32d Inf, 14 Nov 44, 7th
Div G-3 Jnl, 14 Nov 44.
[820] Col. John M. Finn, "Shoestring Ridge," Infantry Journal, LVII,
3 (September, 1945), 47.
[821] 7th Inf Div G-3 Periodic Rpt, 21 Nov 44.
[822] 7th Inf Div G-3 Jnl, 20 Nov 44.
[823] 7th Inf Div G-3 Periodic Rpt, 21 Nov 44.
[824] 7th Inf Div G-3 Jnl, 23 Nov 44. The 11th 155-mm. Gun Battalion
and the 5th 155-mm. Howitzer Battalion were Marine artillery units and
part of the V Amphibious Corps artillery which had been designated for
Yap. With the cancellation of that operation, these two battalions
had been assigned to the XXIV Corps as part of the corps artillery
for Leyte.
[825] Msg, XXIV Corps to 7th Inf Div, 21 Nov 44.
[826] 32d Inf Regt S-3 Periodic Rpt, 23-24 Nov 44.
[827] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 22.
[828] Ibid., p. 17.
[829] That evening General Arnold, acting on instructions from
the Sixth Army that "guerrillas not be given missions beyond their
capabilities," ordered Colonel Finn to use guerrillas only as outposts
and not as part of the main line of resistance. 7th Inf Div G-3 Jnl,
23 Nov 44.
[830] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 17.
[831] 35th Army Opns, p. 74.
[832] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 18.
[833] 49th FA Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 10.
[834] Msg, CO 32d Inf to CG 7th Div, 25 Nov 44, 32d Inf Unit Jnl,
25 Nov 44.
[835] "The platoon leader, a technical sergeant, insisted that the
Marine gunner either transfer to the Army or he would have to transfer
to the Marines, as he couldn't get along without him." (Finn, op. cit.,
p. 52.) A check of Marine Corps records, and interviews with Marine
Corps historians and Colonel Finn failed to disclose the name and
rank of the Marine gunner.
[836] Msg, 32d Inf to 7th Div, 1520, 26 Nov 44, 32d Inf Unit Jnl,
26 Nov 44.
[837] Msg, 32d Inf to 7th Div, 2213, 26 Nov 44, 32d Inf Unit Jnl,
26 Nov 44.
[838] The Japanese give the number of enemy troops as two and
a half battalions while the 32d Infantry estimated it as three
battalions. 35th Army Opns, p. 78; 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 22.
[839] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 22.
[840] Ibid., p. 23.
[841] Ibid.
[842] Ibid.
[843] Msg, CO 32d Inf to CG 7th Div, 0220, 27 Nov 44, 32d Inf Unit Jnl,
27 Nov 44.
[844] Msg, CO 32d Inf to S-3 2d Bn, 0305, 27 Nov 44, 32d Inf Unit Jnl,
27 Nov 44.
[845] Msg, 32d Inf to 7th Div, 1443, 27 Nov 44, 32d Inf Unit Jnl,
27 Nov 44.
[846] 35th Army Opns, p. 84.
[847] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 24; Msg, 2d Bn to 32d Inf, 27 Nov
44, and Msgs, Exec Off 32d Inf to CO 32d Inf, 1005, 1120, and 1210,
27 Nov 44, 32d Inf Unit Jnl, 27 Nov 44.
[848] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 24.
[849] XXIV Corps FO 28, 22 Nov 44.
[850] XXIV Corps FO 30, 27 Nov 44.
[851] 7th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 40, 28 Nov 44.
[852] 184th Inf Unit Jnl, 1200, 28 Nov 44.
[853] 184th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6. Unless otherwise stated the
material on the 184th Infantry is based on this operations report of
the regiment.
[854] 184th Inf Unit Jnl, 2005, 28 Nov 44.
[855] 184th Inf Unit Jnl, 2045, 28 Nov 44.
[856] Msg, S-3 2d Bn to 184th Inf, 2010, 28 Nov 44, 184th Inf Unit Jnl,
28 Nov 44.
[857] Msg, CO 184th Inf to CG 7th Div, 2045, 28 Nov 44, 184th Inf
Unit Jnl, 28 Nov 44.
[858] 184th Inf Unit Jnl, 0125, 29 Nov 44.
[859] 184th Inf Unit Jnl, 2020, 29 Nov 44.
[860] 184th Inf S-3 Periodic Rpt 42, 30 Nov 44.
[861] 184th Inf Unit Jnl, 30 Nov 44.
[862] Ibid.
[863] Cainto is also known as Caintic. The Army spelling, Cainto,
will be followed here.
[864] 184th Inf Unit Jnl, 3 Dec 44.
[865] 35th Army Opns, p. 91.
[866] 17th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex B, The Battle of the Ridgelines,
p. 1. Unless otherwise stated, the part played by the 17th Infantry
during this engagement is based upon the above report, pp. 1-9.
[867] Armor on Leyte, a research rpt prepared by Committee 16, Officers
Advanced Course, The Armored School, 1948-49, Ft. Knox, Ky., May 1949,
pp. 89-91, copy in OCMH.
[868] 184th Inf. Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 7.
[869] 35th Army Opns, p. 93.
[870] Armor on Leyte, p. 89.
[871] 184th Inf Unit Jnl, 5 Dec 44.
[872] Ibid.
[873] Ibid.
[874] Ibid.
[875] 17th Inf Unit Jnl, 5 Dec 44.
[876] Ibid.
[877] 49th FA Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 13.
[878] 35th Army Opns, p. 93.
[879] 184th Inf FO B, 5 Dec 44.
[880] 184th Inf Unit Jnl, 6 Dec 44.
[881] 184th Inf S-3 Periodic Rpt 48, 6 Dec 44; 7th Div G-3 Jnl,
6 Dec 44.
[882] 17th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, Annex B, The Battle of the Ridgelines,
p. 4.
[883] 17th Inf Unit Jnl, 6 Dec 44.
[884] 49th FA Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 13.
[885] 32d Inf S-3 Periodic Rpt, no number, 6 Dec 44; 7th Div G-3 Jnl,
6 Dec 44.
[886] 17th Inf Unit Jnl, 6 Dec 44.
[887] Ibid.
[888] 184th Inf FO C, 6 Dec 44.
[889] 184th Inf Unit Jnl, 7 Dec 44.
[890] Ibid.
[891] 17th Inf Unit Jnl, 7 Dec 44.
[892] 49th FA Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 13.
[893] 17th Inf Unit Jnl, 7 Dec 44.
[894] Ibid.
[895] Japanese Studies in World War II, 7, 14th Area Army Opns Leyte,
pp. 10-13, OCMH.
[896] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 62.
[897] Rad, CINCSWPA to AGWAR, CM-IN 2966, 30 Nov 44.
[898] Sixth Army Opns Rpt, pp. 69-70.
[899] Sixth Army FO 36, 4 Dec 44.
[900] Rad, MacArthur to Halsey, Nimitz, and Krueger, CM-IN 29353,
29 Oct 44. General Krueger later wrote: "The 77th Division was
actually taken away from me without my knowledge and I complained
about it." Ltr, Gen Krueger to Gen Ward, 13 Aug 51, OCMH.
[901] Rad, MacArthur to Nimitz, CM-IN 10478, 10 Nov 44.
[902] Rad, Nimitz to MacArthur, CM-IN 10683, 10 Nov 44.
[903] Rad, GHQ to Comdr Allied Naval Forces, CX 52239, 16 Nov 44,
Sixth Army G-3 Jnl, 17 Nov 44.
[904] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 2.
[905] Memo, CofS XXIV Corps for G-3 XXIV Corps, 19 Nov 44, XXIV Corps
G-3 Jnl, 23 Nov 44.
[906] XXIV Corps FO 33, 4 Dec 44. In a lecture delivered before
the Command and General Staff College on 19 January 1951, General
Bruce indicated that his previous study of the Civil War was helpful
in planning for the 77th Division's part in the operation: "May I
suggest that you do not sell short the study of history. One does not
parallel history, but the previous study of Jackson's Valley Campaign
in friendly territory influenced the mind OCMH."
[907] Ltr, Gen Krueger to Gen Ward, 13 Aug 51, of the Division
Commander in this campaign.
[908] 77th Div FO 13, App. 4 to Annex Baker; Allied Geographical
Sec, GHQ SWPA, Terrain Study 84, Leyte Province, 17 Aug 44; Allied
Geographical Sec, GHQ SWPA, Special Rpt 55, Airfields, Landing Beaches
and Roads--Samar, Leyte, and Dinagat Group, 10 Jul 44.
[909] Opn Plan Comdr Task Group 78.3, Attack Order Comphib Grp NINE,
5-44, 1 Dec 44.
[910] Fifth Air Force Fighter Cover Plan for Ormoc Bay Opn, 731.326,
AAF Hist Archives.
[911] Ltr, Gen Bruce to Gen Ward, 16 Aug 51, OCMH.
[912] Opns Rpt, CTU 78.3.6 to COMINCH, Ser 0017, 22 Dec 44, Off Nav
Rcds and Library.
[913] Opns Rpt, CTU 78.3.5 to COMINCH, 056-60/A163, Ser 0016, 22 Dec
44, Off Nav Rcds and Library.
[914] Ibid.
[915] The Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee, Japanese Naval
and Merchants Shipping Losses During World War II by all Causes
(Washington, 1947), p. 77.
[916] Hist of V Fighter Command, Ch. 4, pp. 62-63, AAF Hist Archives.
[917] 77th Div FO 13, 4 Dec 44, Annexes 5 and 6. In each small landing
craft there were thirty-six men--a platoon leader or sergeant,
messenger, aid man, flame thrower and bazooka operators, a rifle
squad, and a machine gun or mortar crew. The composition of the
second wave was about the same. The third wave, consisting of LCI's,
included engineer and heavy weapons personnel, artillery units,
and other troops and vehicles. The fourth wave consisted of LCI's
and the fifth wave of LSM's.
[918] Opns Rpt, CTU 78.3.7 to COMINCH, no serial, 17 Dec 44, Off Nav
Rcds and Library.
[919] Opns Rpt, CTU 78.3.5 to COMINCH, Ser 0016, Off Nav Rcds and
Library.
[920] Sixth Army G-3 Jnl, 7 Dec 44.
[921] "By a coincidence, Commander W. W. Outerbridge, USN, the
commanding officer of the O'Brien, which sank the Ward by gunfire,
had been the commanding officer of the Ward at Pearl Harbor on 7
December 1941, when that vessel fired the first shot of the war
in sinking a Japanese submarine attempting to enter Pearl Harbor,
just three years previously to the day." CINCPAC-CINCPOA Opns in the
Pacific Ocean Areas During the Month of December 1944, Ser 002910,
25 Jun 45, p. 41, Off Nav Rcds and Library.
[922] Opns Rpts, CTU 78.3.5, Ser 0016, 22 Dec 44; CTU 78.3.3, Ser 082,
22 Dec 44. Both in Off Nav Rcds and Library.
[923] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 11.
[924] Study, Hq Army Ground Forces, 319.1/3 (POA), 16 May 45, in OPD
319.1 Sec. XII.
[925] The material in this subsection on Japanese planning is based
on Japanese Studies in World War II, No. 11, 35th Army Opns, 1944-45,
pp. 94-98, OCMH.
[926] 305th Inf FO 1, 5 Dec 44, 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 8 Dec 44.
[927] 77th Div S-2 Recon Rpt for Leyte, p. 1.
[928] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 12; 305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 1;
307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[929] Msg, 307th Inf to CG 77th Div, 7 Dec 44, 77th Div G-3 Jnl,
7 Dec 44.
[930] Msg, Lt Col Douglas C. Davis, Div Arty, to CG 77th Div, 7 Dec
44, 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 7 Dec 44.
[931] 35th Army Opns, p. 97.
[932] 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3; Msg, S-2 307th Inf to 77th Div,
7 Dec 44, 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 7 Dec 44.
[933] Msgs, 307th Inf to G-3 77th Div, 1055, 1215, 1445, 7 Dec 44,
77th Div G-3 Jnl, 7 Dec 44.
[934] 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3; Msg, 307th Inf to G-2 77th Div,
7 Dec 44, 77th Div G-2 Jnl, 7 Dec 44.
[935] 305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 1.
[936] 77th Div Arty Opns Rpt, pp. 2-3.
[937] Observers Rpt, 20 Dec 44, Col Paul L. Freeman, Operation in
the Ormoc area, OPD 319.1 SWPA (20 Dec 44) Sec X.
[938] 308th Bombardment Wing Fragmentary FO 341-C, 6 Dec 44, Sixth
Army G-3 Jnl, 9 Dec 44.
[939] Msg, XXIV Corps to Sixth Army, 8 Dec 44, Sixth Army G-3 Jnl,
8 Dec 44.
[940] 77th Div FO 14, 8 Dec 44.
[941] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, G-2 Sum 3, App. 2; Allied Geographical
Sec, GHQ SWPA, Terrain Study 84, Leyte Province, 17 Aug 44, pp. 57,
60, 65.
[942] 35th Army Opns, p. 98.
[943] Msg, G-2 Observer to G-2 77th Div, 8 Dec 44, 77th Div G-2 Jnl,
8 Dec 44.
[944] Msg, 307th Inf to 77th Div, 8 Dec 44, 77th Div G-2 Jnl, 8 Dec 44.
[945] 77th Div FO 15, 8 Dec 44.
[946] 776th Amphib Tank Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 18.
[947] 77th Div Arty Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[948] 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 3-4.
[949] Company A, 88th Chemical Bn, Jnl, 8 Dec 44.
[950] 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 3-4.
[951] 305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 1-2.
[952] 35th Army Opns, p. 98.
[953] Ibid., p. 106.
[954] 902d FA Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[955] 307th Inf Unit Jnl, 8 Dec 44.
[956] 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 4.
[957] Msg, CG 77th Div to CG XXIV Corps, 9 Dec 44, 77th Div G-3 Jnl,
9 Dec 44.
[958] 77th Div Arty Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[959] 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 4.
[960] Msg, G-3 77th Div to S-3 305th Inf, 9 Dec 44, 77th Div G-3 Jnl,
9 Dec 44.
[961] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 14-15.
[962] 306th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6.
[963] 77th Div Plan of Action for 10 Dec 44, 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 9 Dec
44; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 15-16.
[964] Allied Geographical Sec, GHQ SWPA, Terrain Study 84, Leyte
Province, 17 Aug 44, pp. 10, 22, 60, 69.
[965] Observers Rpt, 20 Dec 44, Col Freeman, Operation in the Ormoc
Area, OPD 319.1, SWPA (20 Dec 44) Sec X.
[966] 35th Army Opns, p. 97.
[967] 902d FA Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 4.
[968] Rad, CG Sixth Army to CTF 77, 9 Dec 44, Sixth Army G-3 Jnl,
9 Dec 44.
[969] 776th Amphib Tank Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 19.
[970] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 16; Msgs, 307th Inf to 77th Div,
1110, 1130, 10 Dec 44, 77th Div G-2 Jnl, 10 Dec 44.
[971] 306th Inf Unit Jnl, 10 Dec 44.
[972] 306th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6.
[973] 307th Inf Opns Rpt, p. 4.
[974] 35th Army Opns, p. 107.
[975] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 16.
[976] 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 4.
[977] Msg, CG 77th Div to CG XXIV Corps, 1400, 10 Dec 44, 77th Div
G-3 Jnl, 10 Dec 44.
[978] Msg, CG 77th Div to CG XXIV Corps, 1645, 10 Dec 44, 77th Div
G-3 Jnl, 10 Dec 44.
[979] 77th Div G-2 Summary Leyte Opns.
[980] 77th Div G-1 Daily Strength Rpts, 7-10 Dec 44.
[981] 77th Div G-2 Summary Leyte, No. 3.
[982] USSBS, The War Against Japanese Transportation, 1941-1942
(Washington, 1947), p. 48.
[983] Japanese Studies, 11, 35th Army Operations 1944-45, p. 74, OCMH.
[984] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 23.
[985] Japanese Studies in World War II, 7, 14th Area Army Operations on
Leyte, p. 11; 10th I&HS, Eighth Army, Stf Study of Japanese 35th Army
on Leyte, Part III, The Part Played by the Japanese Air Force ... p. 5.
[986] 35th Army Opns, pp. 80-84.
[987] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 62.
[988] XXIV Corps FO 28, 22 Nov 44.
[989] 149th Para-Glider Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 1.
[990] XXIV Corps G-2 Periodic Rpt 39, 27 Nov 44.
[991] 11th Airborne Div After Action Rpt, 18 Nov-11 Dec 44.
[992] Msg, CG XXIV Corps to CG 7th Div et al., 27 Nov 44, XXIV Corps
G-3 Jnl, 27 Nov 44.
[993] Msg, G-3 XXIV Corps to CG 11th AB Div, 28 Nov 44, XXIV Corps
G-3 Jnl, 28 Nov 44, and Sixth Army G-3 Periodic Rpt 528, 28 Nov 44.
[994] 11th Airborne Div FO 3, 29 Nov 44.
[995] 728th Amph Tractor Bn Unit Rpt 30, 27 Nov 44, and 20th Armored
Gp Unit Rpt 5, in 20th Armored Gp Opns Rpt Leyte.
[996] The history of the 11th Airborne Division tells the following
story about the landing of the third plane. "An antiaircraft machine
gun crew, which outfit is forgotten now, was in position on the alert
for enemy aircraft. When the plane landed and came to a halt, they
called across the small river: 'Need any help?' 'No, everything OK,'
someone yelled back, and the machine gun crew went back to watching the
skies for enemy aircraft." Maj. Edward M. Flanagan, Jr., The Angels,
a History of the 11th Airborne Division, 1943-1946 (Washington, 1948),
p. 34.
[997] XXIV Corps G-2 Periodic Rpt 43, 1 Dec 44, XXIV Corps G-3 Jnl,
2 Dec 44; XXIV Corps G-2 Periodic Rpt 45, 3 Dec 44, XXIV Corps G-3 Jnl,
4 Dec 44.
[998] XXIV Corps G-2 Periodic Rpt 47, 5 Dec 44.
[999] XXIV Corps G-2 Periodic Rpt 50, 8 Dec 44, XXIV Corps G-3 Jnl,
9 Dec 44.
[1000] Msg, Corps Arty to G-2 XXIV Corps, 0710, 6 Dec 44, XXIV Corps
G-3 Jnl, 6 Dec 44.
[1001] Msg, 96th Div to CG XXIV Corps, 1350, 6 Dec 44, XXIV Corps
G-3 Jnl, 6 Dec 44.
[1002] Msg, 287th FA Obsn Bn to XXIV Corps, 1350, 6 Dec 44, XXIV
Corps G-3 Jnl, 6 Dec 44.
[1003] This man was later caught and turned over to the Filipino
guerrillas.
[1004] Combat History, 5th Bomber Command, 8 June 44-May 45, pp. 5-6,
AAF Archives.
[1005] Msg, 11th Airborne Div to XXIV Corps, 1220, 6 Dec 44, XXIV
Corps G-3 Jnl, 6 Dec 44.
[1006] Msg, CG XXIV Corps to CG 96th Div, 1400, 6 Dec 44, XXIV Corps
G-3 Jnl, 6 Dec 44.
[1007] 96th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 47, 6 Dec 44.
[1008] XXIV Corps G-2 Periodic Rpt 48, 6 Dec 44, XXIV Corps G-3 Jnl,
7 Dec 44.
[1009] Flanagan, The Angels, p. 49.
[1010] Air Evaluation Board, SWPA, Leyte Campaign, p. 174, AAF
Archives.
[1011] Msg, CG XXIV Corps to CG Sixth Army, 1440, 9 Dec 44, XXIV G-3
Jnl, 9 Dec 44; XXIV Corps G-2 Periodic Rpt 50, Incl 1, 8 Dec 44, XXIV
Corps G-3 Jnl, 9 Dec 44. Both are translations of Japanese documents
giving plans for the airborne attack.
[1012] Davidson et al., The Deadeyes, pp. 67-68; Flanagan, The Angels,
pp. 40-50; 408th Airborne QM Co, Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 10-11; CG 11th
AB Div to CG XXIV Corps, 2205, 6 Dec 44, XXIV Corps G-3 Jnl, 7 Dec 44.
[1013] Rpt, Capt Charles Bellows to G-3 XXIV Corps, 8 Dec 44,
Investigation of Enemy Paratroopers, XXIV Corps G-3 Jnl, 8 Dec 44.
[1014] 127th AB Engr Bn Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 1-2; Flanagan, The Angels,
p. 51.
[1015] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 72.
[1016] Maj Martin C. Grigg, The Operations of the 1st Battalion, 149th
Infantry ... in the Battle for the Buri Airstrip..., pp. 6-7, OCMH.
[1017] Ibid.
[1018] Davidson et al., The Deadeyes, p. 67.
[1019] Rpt, Capt Charles Bellows to G-2 XXIV Corps, 8 Dec 44,
Investigation of Enemy Paratroopers, XXIV Corps G-3 Jnl, 8 Dec 44.
[1020] Private Kelley was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.
[1021] 149th Inf S-3 Periodic Rpt, 9 Dec 44, 149th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte.
[1022] Davidson et al., The Deadeyes, p. 69.
[1023] 149th Infantry S-3 Periodic Rpt, 1800, 10 Dec 44, 149th Inf
Opns Rpt Leyte.
[1024] Maj Herbert O. Johansen, "Banzai at Burauen," Air Force,
Vol. 28, No. 3, March 1945, p. 7.
[1025] Ibid.
[1026] Japanese Studies, 11, p. 86, OCMH.
[1027] Air Evaluation Board, SWPA, Leyte Campaign, p. 174, AAF
Archives.
[1028] Ibid.
[1029] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 233.
[1030] Ibid., pp. 69, 233.
[1031] Ibid., p. 233
[1032] Ltr, CG Sixth Army to CINCSWPA, sub: Construction Program,
21 Dec 44, Sixth Army G-4 Jnl, 24 Dec 41.
[1033] Ibid.
[1034] Rpt of Transportation Off, Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 270.
[1035] Ibid.
[1036] G-4 Rpt, Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 218.
[1037] Msg, G-3 XXIV Corps to G-4 XXIV Corps, n. d. (probably 4 Dec
44), XXIV Corps G-4 Jnl, Annex, Vol. III.
[1038] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 79.
[1039] Msg, CG XXIV Corps to CG 77th Div, 8 Dec 44, XXIV Corps G-4 Jnl,
Annex, Vol. III.
[1040] Msg, CG XXIV Corps to Col Gillette, 9 Dec 44, XXIV Corps G-4
Jnl, Annex, Vol. III.
[1041] Msg, CG XXIV Corps to CG 77th Div, 10 Dec 44, XXIV Corps G-4
Jnl, Annex, Vol. III.
[1042] Memo, G-4 XXIV Corps to CofS XXIV Corps, n.d. (probably 15
Dec 44), XXIV Corps G-4 Jnl, Annex, Vol. IV.
[1043] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 80.
[1044] XXIV Corps G-4 Jnl, 25 Dec 44.
[1045] Maj Charles V. McLaughlin, Operations of the XXIV Corps in
the Invasion of Leyte Island, pp. 29-30. Advanced Infantry Officers'
Course, 1947-48, Infantry School, Ft. Benning, Ga.
[1046] 35th Army Opns, p. 86.
[1047] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 25; 14th Area Army Opns
Leyte, p. 13.
[1048] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 25.
[1049] General Tomochika was unqualified in his praise of the
commander of the Imahori Detachment. He said, "Colonel Imahori had
good personality and was a good leader. His subordinates were willing
to join the suicide squads when the American forces increased in
number. We did not have any worries about the attacking Americans
on this detachment's front because the suicide squads brought good
results ..." Ibid., pp. 19-20.
[1050] 35th Army Opns, pp. 87-89.
[1051] Ltr, Gen Bruce to Gen Ward, 16 Aug 51, OCMH.
[1052] 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 11 Dec 44.
[1053] 77th Div G-2 Periodic Rpt 15, 11 Dec 44; Company A, 88th
Chemical Bn, Jnl, 10 Dec 44; 306th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 8; 77th
Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 18; 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 5; 77th Div
G-3 Jnl, 11 Dec 44; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 17, 12 Dec 44.
[1054] 305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 2; 306th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte,
p. 8; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 18; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 17,
12 Dec 44.
[1055] XXIV Corps FO 33, 4 Dec 44.
[1056] Ltr, CG 77th Div to CG XXIV Corps, sub: Future Plans, 11 Dec
44, 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 12 Dec 44.
[1057] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 18-19; 305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte,
p. 5; 35th Army Opns, p. 8.
[1058] 77th Div G-2 Jnl, 13 Dec 44.
[1059] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 20.
[1060] 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 3-4; Company A, 88th Chem Bn,
Jnl, 0900, 13 Dec 44; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 20-21; 77th Div
Arty Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 5; 77th Div G-2 Jnl, 13 Dec 44.
[1061] 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 5; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 21;
77th Div G-2 Jnl, 0850, 13 Dec 44.
[1062] 306th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 8; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 21.
[1063] Company A, 88th Chem Bn, Jnl, 0930, 1000, 13 Dec 44; 77th Div
Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 21.
[1064] 305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 5.
[1065] Ltr, Gen Bruce to Gen Ward, 16 Aug 51, OCMH.
[1066] 305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 5; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 20,
15 Dec 44; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 22; 77th Div G-2 Summary Leyte
Opn, p. 2; 77th Div Arty Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 5.
[1067] "This force succeeded in destroying 6 amphibious tanks,
7 landing barges, 1 eighty-foot two-masted schooner, 50 tons of
ammunition, approximately twenty-five tons of miscellaneous supplies,
4 40-mm. AA guns, 4 20-mm. AA guns, 1 77-mm. dual purpose gun [probably
a 75-mm. gun], several machine guns, a radio transmitter and generator,
1 seacoast range finder and had burnt about half the town of Linao
in order to destroy Japanese positions dug in that vicinity....
"Although the force was unable to carry back much of the equipment
it captured owing to its small size and the necessity of mobility, it
managed to return 1 seacoast range finder, 1 large radio transmitter
and 2 20-mm. AA guns." 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 23.
[1068] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 22.
[1069] Ibid., pp. 22-23; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 20, 15 Dec 44;
306th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 9; 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 9.
[1070] 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpts Nos. 17-21, 13-16 Dec 44.
[1071] 77th Div G-1 Daily Strength Rpts, 11-15 Dec 44.
[1072] 188th Prcht Regt Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 1.
[1073] 511th Prcht Inf Regt Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6; 11th Airborne Div
Special Study Leyte, p. 5.
[1074] During the movement Pvt. Elmer E. Fryar of Company E was
killed on 7 December when he voluntarily got in the way of enemy fire
in order to shield his platoon leader. Private Fryar posthumously
received the Medal of Honor.
[1075] 32d Inf Unit Jnl, 15 Dec 44.
[1076] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 29-30; 32d Inf S-3 Periodic Rpt,
no number, 15 Dec 44; 32d Inf S-2 Periodic Rpt, no number, 15 Dec 44;
32d Inf Unit Jnl, 15 Dec 44.
[1077] 32d Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 30-31; 32d Inf Unit Jnl, 16 to 22
Dec 44; 11th Airborne Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 10.
[1078] The part of this section dealing with Japanese plans and
maneuvers is based upon the following documents: Tomochika, True
Facts of Leyte Opn; 35th Army Opns; 10th I&HS, Eighth Army Stf Study,
Opns of Japanese 35th Army on Leyte.
[1079] 35th Army Opns, p. 91.
[1080] The 1st Reconnaissance Regiment could not carry out this
assignment, since it had been attacked by a larger American force.
[1081] General Tomochika made the following comments on the 1st
Division:
The personnel were brave but the officers lacked sufficient training
in modern warfare and it finally did not live up to the expectations
of its leaders. The division commander, Lt. Gen. Kataoka worried
about the loss of his troops, lacked brave command ability and did
not establish any set battle policy. [He refused to commit one of
his important units to the defense of Highway 2.] ... therefore
the Chief of Staff, Deputy Chief of Staff and senior staff officers
were dispatched from Army to Division on three different occasions
to urge General Kataoka to submit to these orders.... Regardless of
how much we urged General Kataoka to change his views he would not
budge. Colonel Ikeda, the Chief of Staff of the 1st Division [until
13 December] was partially deaf and further because of a former lung
ailment, he was unsuited to hold his important position. (Tomochika,
True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 18.)
General Tomochika was less than fair to the 1st Division. From its
positions in the mountains of northern Leyte, the division contested
every foot of advance of the X Corps. General Krueger said of the
1st Division: "This unit more than any other hostile unit on Leyte
was responsible for the extension of the Leyte Operation." (Sixth
Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 41.)
[1082] Sixth Army FO 36, 4 Dec 44.
[1083] During the action of 5 December, Pfc. William A. McWhorter
sacrificed his life that a companion might live. He deliberately held
next to his body and away from his comrade a Japanese grenade which
had been thrown into his position. The charge exploded and killed him
instantly but did not harm his companion. He was awarded posthumously
the Medal of Honor.
[1084] "However for a patrol from Company I [127th Infantry] it was a
red letter day in that the patrol found a bottle of U.S. Golden Wedding
Wiskey [sic] at an evacuated Jap hospital. It was consumed." 127th
Inf Unit Jnl, 12 Dec 44. See also 127th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 9;
126th Inf Unit Jnl, 12 Dec 44; 32d Div G-3 Jnl, 12 Dec 44; 32d Div
Leyte Opn Diary, pp. 21-22.
[1085] 32d Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 27, 13 Dec 44; 32d Div Opns Diary
Leyte, pp. 23-24; 126th Inf Unit Jnl, 13 Dec 44.
[1086] 32d Div Arty Daily Rpt, 14 Dec 44.
[1087] 126th Inf Unit Jnl, 14 Dec 44.
[1088] 32d Div Arty Daily Rpt, 14 Dec 44.
[1089] 32d Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 12; X Corps G-3 Jnl, 14 Dec 44; X
Corps G-3 Periodic Rpt, X Corps G-3 Jnl, 14 Dec 44; 32d Div G-2 Jnl,
14 Dec 44; 126th Inf Unit Jnl, 14 Dec 44; 127th Inf Unit Jnl, 14 Dec
44; 32d Div Opns Diary Leyte, p. 24; 127th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 9.
[1090] XXIV Corps FO 37, 18 Dec 44.
[1091] Sixth Army G-2 Wkly Rpt 68, 13 Dec 44, p. 14.
[1092] Ltr, Gen Bruce to Gen Ward, 16 Aug 51, OCMH.
[1093] Msg, CG XXIV Corps to CG 77th Div, 13 Dec 44, XXIV Corps G-3
Jnl, 13 Dec 44.
[1094] Msg, CG XXIV Corps to G-3 Sixth Army, 14 Dec 44, Sixth Army
G-3 Jnl, 14 Dec 44.
[1095] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 24-25; 305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte,
p. 5; 305th Inf Unit Rpt 11, 16 Dec 44; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 22,
16 Dec 44; 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 16 Dec 44.
[1096] XXIV Corps FO 37 (Confirmatory of Oral and Fragmentary Orders),
18 Dec 44; 77th Div FO 17, 15 Dec 44.
[1097] 77th Div FO 17, 15 Dec 44.
[1098] Ltr, Gen Bruce to Gen Ward, 16 Aug 51, OCMH.
[1099] 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 16 Dec 44; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 22, 16
Dec 44; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 25; 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6.
[1100] 306th Inf Unit Jnl, 16 Dec 44; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 22,
16 Dec 44; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 24-25; 306th Inf Opns Rpt
Leyte, p. 9.
[1101] MI Div, War Dept, "Leyte Field Fortifications," Tactical and
Technical Trends, No. 57 (April, 1945), pp. 108-10.
[1102] 35th Army Opns, pp. 99-101.
[1103] Ibid., p. 101.
[1104] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 26, 27.
[1105] 77th Div FO 18, 17 Dec 44; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 25-26.
[1106] 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 17 Dec 44; 77th Div G-2 Jnl, 17 Dec 44;
77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 27; 305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6;
77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 23, 17 Dec 44.
[1107] 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 17 Dec 44; 306th Inf Unit Jnl, 17 Dec 44;
77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 23, 17 Dec 44; 306th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte,
p. 9; 35th Army Opns, pp. 101-103.
[1108] Ltr, Gen Bruce to Gen Ward, 16 Aug 51, OCMH.
[1109] 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 7; 77th Div Arty Opns Rpt Leyte,
pp. 5-6; 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 17 Dec 44; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 27;
77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 23, 17 Dec 44.
[1110] 35th Army Opns, p. 101.
[1111] Ltr, Gen Bruce to Gen Ward, 16 Aug 51, OCMH.
[1112] 305th Inf Unit Rpt 15, 18 Dec 44; 77th Div G-2 Jnl, 18 Dec 44;
77th Div G-3 Jnl, 18 Dec 44; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 24, 18 Dec 44;
305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 6; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 28.
[1113] 306th Inf Unit Jnl, 18 Dec 44; 77th Div G-2 Jnl, 18 Dec 44;
77th Div G-3 Jnl, 18 Dec 44; 306th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 9-10; 77th
Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 28; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 24, 18 Dec 44.
[1114] 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 18 Dec 44; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 24, 18
Dec 44; 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 7; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 28.
[1115] Sixth Army FO 39, 19 Dec 44.
[1116] XXIV Corps FO 38 (Confirmatory of Oral and Fragmentary orders),
21 Dec 44.
[1117] 77th Div FO 19, 19 Dec 44.
[1118] 35th Army Opns, p. 103.
[1119] 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 19 Dec 44; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 25, 19
Dec 44; 307th Inf Unit Jnl, 19 Dec 44; 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 7.
[1120] 306th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 10; 306th Inf Unit Jnl, 19 Dec
44; 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 19 Dec 44; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 29;
77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 25, 19 Dec 44.
[1121] 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 26, 20 Dec 44; 77th Div Opns Rpt
Leyte, p. 31; 77th Div G-2 Jnl, 20 Dec 44; 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 20 Dec
44; 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 7-8; 307th Inf Unit Jnl, 20 Dec 44.
[1122] 306th Inf FO 11, 19 Dec 44.
[1123] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 30-31; 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 20 Dec
44; 77th Div G-2 Jnl, 20 Dec 44; 306th Inf Unit Jnl, 20 Dec 44; 306th
Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 10-11; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 26, 20 Dec 44.
[1124] 35th Army Opns, pp. 103-104.
[1125] 306th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 11-12; 306th Inf Unit Jnl,
21 Dec 44. During this action Pfc. George Benjamin, Jr., a radio
operator from Company A, killed the crew of a machine gun nest at
the cost of his life. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.
[1126] 32d Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 30, 16 Dec 44.
[1127] 32d Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 31, 17 Dec 44; 32d Div G-3 Jnl, 17
Dec 44; 126th Inf Unit Jnl, 17 Dec 44; 32d Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 31,
17 Dec 44.
[1128] 32d Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 32, 18 Dec 44; 32d Div G-3 Jnl,
18 Dec 44; 126th Inf Unit Jnl, 18 Dec 44.
[1129] 32d Div Arty Daily Rpt, 18 Dec 44.
[1130] 32d Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 33, 19 Dec 44; 32d Div G-3 Jnl,
19 Dec 44; 126th Inf Unit Jnl, 20 Dec 44; 32d Div G-3 Jnl, 20 Dec 44.
[1131] X Corps FO 22, 20 Dec 44.
[1132] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army Stf Study of Opns of Japanese 102d
Division on Leyte and Cebu, Interrog of Maj Chuji Kaneko, p. 3.
[1133] Unless otherwise stated the part of this subsection dealing
with the 12th Cavalry is based on: 12th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 20-30,
76-85; 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpts 51-63, 10-22 Dec 44; and 12th
Cav Unit Rpts 54-65, 11-22 Dec 44.
[1134] 1st Cav Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 52; 1st Cav Div FO 17, 10 Dec 44.
[1135] 12th Cav Unit Rpt 53, 10 Dec 44; 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt
52, 11 Dec 44. The spelling of Mt. Cabungaan used here follows that
of the maps employed by the combat troops. The Board of Geographic
Names gives the spelling as Mt. Cabungangan.
[1136] 12th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 24.
[1137] 12th Cav Unit Rpt 54, 11 Dec 44; 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt
53, 12 Dec 44.
[1138] 1st Cav FO 18, 14 Dec 44.
[1139] 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 60, 19 Dec 44.
[1140] 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 61, 20 Dec 44; X Corps G-2 Periodic
Rpt 59, 19 Dec 44; 1st Cav Div G-3 Jnl, 19 Dec 44.
[1141] 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 62, 21 Dec 44.
[1142] 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 21 Dec 44; 77th Div G-3 Periodic Rpt 27,
21 Dec 44; 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 31-32; 307th Inf Unit Jnl,
21 Dec 44; 307th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 8; 306th Inf Unit Jnl, 21
Dec 44; 306th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 11-12.
[1143] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army Stf Study of 35th Army on Leyte, Part 1,
p. 24, Interrog of Maj Gen Yoshiharu Tomochika.
[1144] Sixth Army G-2 Wkly Rpt 69, 20 Dec 44, pp. 14-18.
[1145] Unless otherwise indicated, this subsection dealing with the
77th Division is based upon the following: 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte,
pp. 32-35; 77th Div Supp Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 1-8, 28-29; 77th Div G-3
Periodic Rpts 33-37, 27-31 Dec 44; 77th Div G-2 Summary Leyte Campaign;
305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 7-8; 305th Inf Hist Rpt 1944, pp. 5-7;
77th Div G-3 Jnl, 23-30 Dec 44; 77th Div Admin O 7, 24 Dec 44; 77th
Div FO 20, 19 Dec 44; 77th Div FO 22, 24 Dec 44; 1st Bn, 305th Inf,
FO 3, 23 Dec 44; 305th Inf Unit Jnl, 25 Dec 44-2 Jan 45.
[1146] Ltr, Gen Bruce to Gen Ward, 16 Aug 51, OCMH.
[1147] XXIV Corps FO 38, 21 Dec 44.
[1148] Ltr, Gen Bruce to Gen Ward, 16 Aug 51, OCMH.
[1149] Rad, CG Sixth Army to CTF 77, 22 Dec 44, Sixth Army G-3 Jnl,
22 Dec 44.
[1150] Msg, CTF 77 to CG Sixth Army, 23 Dec 44, Sixth Army G-3 Jnl,
23 Dec 44.
[1151] Memo for Col Guerard, unsigned, 23 Dec 44, XXIV Corps G-3 Jnl,
23 Dec 44.
[1152] Ltr, Gen Bruce to Gen Ward, 16 Aug 51, OCMH.
[1153] 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 25 Dec 44.
[1154] 77th Div FO's 20 and 21, 19 Dec 44; 1st Bn, 305th Inf, FO 3,
23 Dec 44.
[1155] Rad, 9th Air Liaison Party to Fifth Air Force, X Corp G-3 Jnl,
24 Dec 44.
[1156] In addition to the 1st Battalion, 305th Infantry, the Special
Task Force included: the Amphibian Tractor Company; Company A,
776th Amphibian Tank Battalion; one platoon of Company D, 706th
Tank Battalion; three guns from the regimental Cannon Company;
the 2d Platoon of Company A, 302d Engineer Battalion; a detachment
from Company A, 302d Medical Battalion; the 292d JASCO detachment;
the 305th Field Artillery Battalion; a detachment of the 306th Field
Artillery Battalion; a detachment from Battery A, 531st Field Artillery
Battalion. 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 33.
[1157] Maj Gen A. D. Bruce, The Operations of the 77th Division in
Leyte, 19 January 1951, pp. 27, 28, MS in OCMH.
[1158] 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 25 Dec 44.
[1159] 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 26 Dec 44. It is possible that the weary
soldiers were more interested in the following administrative order
of General Bruce:
1. Supply
a. Rations
(1) Turkey ration--distribution from Valencia ration
dump at 0900, 25 Dec 1944. Ration and mess personnel
will exercise great care and speed in handling turkey
and keep covered at all times.
(2) Organization commanders will serve turkey to every
man in this command on 26 Dec 1944. The Division
commander has made arrangements for air drop to troops
located in areas not accessible by road.
General Brace wished the troops to have turkey on the same day that
Christmas is observed in the States. 77th Div Admin Order 7, 24 Dec 44.
[1160] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 32-35 and Supplemental Opns Rpt,
pp. 1-8, 305th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte; 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 26-30 Dec 44.
[1161] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 35.
[1162] 77th Div and 305th Inf Opns Rpts Leyte; 77th Div G-3 Jnl,
22 Dec 44.
[1163] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 35; 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 23 Dec 44;
305th Inf Opns Rpt, p. 7.
[1164] 77th Div G-3 Jnl, 24 Dec 44.
[1165] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 36.
[1166] 77th Div Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 37; 77th G-3 Jnl, 25 Dec 44;
305th Inf Unit Rpt No. 19, 25 Dec 44.
[1167] 77th Div Supplemental Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 2.
[1168] Ibid., p. 4; 305th Inf Supplemental Opns Rpt, p. 2.
[1169] Ibid., p. 5.
[1170] Ibid., p. 6.
[1171] 77th Div G-1 Casualty Rpts; 77th Div Supplemental Opns Rpt
Leyte, pp. 2-7.
[1172] The subsection dealing with the elements of the 1st Cavalry
Division is based upon the following: 1st Cav Div Opns Rpt Leyte,
pp. 59-69; 1st Cav Div Supplementary Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 1-7; 1 Cav
Div FO No. 21, 24 Dec 44; 1st Cav Div G-3 Periodic Rpts Nos. 65-84,
23 Dec 44-11 Jan 45; 1st Cav Div G-2 Periodic Rpts Nos. 64-75, 23
Dec 44-3 Jan 45; 5th Cav Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 28-29; 1st Cav Div Arty
Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 21-22; 1st Cav Div Brig Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 6-7;
12th Cav Unit Rpts Nos. 66-68, 23-25 Dec 44; 5th Cav S-3 Periodic Rpt
72, 2 Jan 45; 1st Cav Div G-3 Jnl, 26-31 Dec 44. Sixth Army Opns Rpt
Leyte and 8th Army Opns Rpt Leyte.
[1173] 127th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 13.
[1174] 128th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 11.
[1175] 127th Inf Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 13.
[1176] 32d Div Supplementary Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 1-5; 127th Inf Opns
Rpt Leyte, pp. 12-14; 32d Div Leyte Opn Diary, pp. 31-43; 128th Inf
Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 10-12.
[1177] The material in this subsection is based upon 24th Div Opns
Rpt Leyte, pp. 73-76; 34th Inf Unit Jnl, 9-30 Dec 44; 34th Inf Unit
Rpts Nos. 51-71, 9-29 Dec 44; 2d Bn, 34th Inf, FO No. 8, 26 Dec 44;
34th Inf FO No. 17, 18 Dec 44; 34th Inf FO No. 18, 26 Dec 44; 24th
Div G-3 Periodic Rpts Nos. 45-67, 2-25 Dec 44; 24th Div FO No. 12,
8 Dec 44 and FO No. 13, 17 Dec 44.
[1178] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 28.
[1179] Ibid., p. 29.
[1180] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army Stf Study of the Japanese 35th Army on
Leyte, Interrog of Col Junkichi Okabayashi [CofS 1st Div] pp. 10-11.
[1181] Ibid.
[1182] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 28.
[1183] 35th Army Opns, p. 114.
[1184] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 27.
[1185] 35th Army Opns, p. 115.
[1186] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army Stf Study of Japanese 102d Division on
Leyte and Cebu, Interrog of Maj Chuji Kaneki [G-2 102d Division], p. 5.
[1187] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army Stf Study of Japanese 35th Army on Leyte,
Part IV, Col Junkichi Okabayashi, Opns of the 1st Division on Leyte,
p. 18.
[1188] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 25.
[1189] GHQ SWPA Opns Instns 81, 15 Dec 44.
[1190] Sixth Army FO 40, 21 Dec 44.
[1191] Eighth Army FO 8, 20 Dec 44.
[1192] Quoted in Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 84.
[1193] See M. Hamlin Cannon and Robert Ross Smith, Luzon and the
Southern Philippines, a forthcoming volume in this series.
[1194] 35th Army Opns, p. 119.
[1195] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 32.
[1196] 35th Army Opns, pp. 115-16.
[1197] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 29.
[1198] Ibid., p. 30.
[1199] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army Stf Study of Opns of Japanese 102d
Division on Leyte and Cebu, App., p. 3; Tomochika, True Facts of
Leyte Opn, pp. 29-31.
[1200] Msg, Gen Yamashita to Gen Suzuki, 1535, 30 Dec 44. Translation
of HS-23A, file of 35th Army Headquarters documents held by former
Maj. Takahash Kohet, P8, GHQ FEC, MI Sec, ATIS. Copy in OCMH.
[1201] 35th Army Opns, pp. 120-24.
[1202] Eighth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[1203] Ibid., p. 9.
[1204] Eighth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3. Unless otherwise cited,
this subsection is based upon this operations report, pp. 1-18.
[1205] Eighth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, pp. 7-17.
[1206] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 34.
[1207] 35th Army Opns, pp. 118, 127.
[1208] Ibid., pp. 127-28.
[1209] 10th I&HS, 35th Army Opns on Leyte, Part IV, Opns of Japanese
1st Division on Leyte, pp. 19-20.
[1210] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, p. 34.
[1211] 10th I&HS, 35th Army Opns on Leyte, Part IV, Opns of Japanese
1st Division on Leyte, pp. 21-22.
[1212] Ibid., p. 21.
[1213] During his travels, General Suzuki composed two poems which
he presented to his "dear brother Tomochika," One of these, entitled
"A Farewell Poem," ran as follows:
Every soldier must expect to sacrifice his life in War,
Only then has his duty been done;
Be thankful that you can die at the front,
Rather than an inglorious death at home.
Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, pp. 34--39.
[1214] Strength Accounting Br, AGO, STM-30, 1 Feb 45. These figures
must be treated with caution as they include, in addition to those
who had actually participated, troops who were merely staging on the
island and had played no part in the operation. It is important to
remember that at all stages of the Leyte Campaign troops and units
were constantly coming and going.
[1215] Sixth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 84.
[1216] Eighth Army Opns Rpt Leyte, p. 3.
[1217] Ibid., p. 16.
[1218] Robert L. Eichelberger, Our Jungle Road to Tokyo (New York,
1950), p. 181.
[1219] Estimated.
[1220] 35th Army Opns, p. 126.
[1221] 10th I&HS, Eighth Army Stf Study of Opns of Japanese 35th Army
on Leyte, Interrog of Gen Tomochika, pp. 9-10.
[1222] Tomochika, True Facts of Leyte Opn, Interrog of Gen Tomochika,
p. 7.
[1223] See Cannon and Smith, Luzon and the Southern Philippines.
[1224] U. S. Military Commission, U. S. Army Forces Western Pacific,
United States of America vs Tomoyuki Yamashita, Testimony of General
Yamashita, XXVIII, 3527.
[1225] For complete listing of symbols see FM 21-30, from which these
are taken.
[1226] Volumes on the Army Air Forces, published by the University
of Chicago Press, are not included.